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V51 No2 2015 1 Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia (Post)Colonial Philippines: Local Politics, Global Mobilities INTRODUCTION ARTICLES Filipino Workers in Japan between 1980 and 2010: A Study of Political and Socioeconomic Mechanisms of International Migration | John LAMBINO Social Networks and the Employability of Filipinos in the United States Ruby ABSUELO and Peter HANCOCK Pentecostalism and Pulitika: A Case Study in Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines Chuan Yean SOON Contested National Development: Executive-Legislative Relations in American Colonial Philippines and the Cabinet Crisis of 1923 | Vicente Angel YBIERNAS COMMENTARIES Indonesia1965: Rehabilitating Victims, Rehabilitating Revolution | Max LANE Cross-Strait Relations: Diplomatic Entanglement or Rapprochement? Raymond Leh-Sheng WANG Reclaiming the ASEAN Community for the People ACSC/APF 2015 – CSO STATEMENT Japanese NGOs’ 10 Recommendations for Revision of Japan’s ODA Charter Why is the Umno-BN government using the Sedition Act to arrest people now? | Francis LOH Scholars, Writers and Thinkers Call for Academic Freedom in Thailand REVIEWS Angelo ARRIOLA | Nicole CuUNJIENG Vicente Angel YBIERNAS | Alleson VILLOTA II POETRY Thomas CHAVES | Pauline Mari HERNANDO Max LANE | Jose Duke BAGULAYA | Kyoto University Campaign for Freedom and Peace Volume 51:2 (2015) Volume 51 Number 2 2015 2 ASIAN STUDIES is an open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal published since 1963 by the Asian Center, University of the Philippines Diliman. EDITORIAL BOARD* • Eduardo C. Tadem (Editor in Chief), Asian Studies • Michiyo Yoneno-Reyes (Review editor), Asian Studies • Eduardo T. Gonzalez, Asian and Philippine Studies • Ricardo T. Jose, History • Joseph Anthony Lim, Economics* • Antoinette R. Raquiza, Asian and Philippine Studies • Teresa Encarnacion Tadem, Political Science • Lily Rose Tope, English and Comparative Literature * Ateneo de Manila University. All the other members of the editorial board are from UP Diliman. Managing Editor: Janus Isaac V. Nolasco Editorial Assitant: Patricia Camille Villa Layout Artist: Ariel G. Manuel EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD • Patricio N. Abinales, University of Hawaii at Manoa • Andrew Charles Bernard Aeria, University of Malaysia Sarawak • Benedict Anderson, Cornell University • Melani Budianta, University of Indonesia • Urvashi Butalia, Zubaan Books (An imprint of Kali for Women) • Vedi Renandi Hadiz, Murdoch University • Caroline S. Hau, Kyoto University • Huang Renwei, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences • Reynaldo C. Ileto, Nanyang Technological University • Benedict Tria Kerkvliet, Australian National University & University of Hawaii • Lau Kin Chi, Lingnan University • Lee Jung Ok, Daegu Catholic University • Francis Loh Kok Wah, Universiti Sains Malaysia • Armando S. Malay, Jr., University of the Philippines Diliman • Kinhide Mushakoji, Osaka University • Raul Pertierra, Philippine Women’s University • Somchai Phatharathananunth, Mahasarakham University • Michael Pinches, University of Western Australia • Bambang Purwanto, Gadjah Mada University • Vicente Rafael, University of Washington • Helen Yu-Rivera, University of the Philippines Diliman • Harsh Sethi, Seminar Journal (New Delhi) • Wen Tiejun, Renmin University of China • Surichai Wun’Gaeo, Chulalongkorn University ASIAN STUDIES Copyright 2015 | ISSN: 0004-4679 (print) | ISSN: 2244-5927 (online) Magsaysay Avenue cor. Katipunan Avenue. Asian Center, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City EMAIL: [email protected] | [email protected] PHONE: 63.2.981.8500 loc. 3586 The cover is based on the design of Marco Malto. The silhouette on the front cover is that of the Rizal Monument, an image of which was grabbed from Wikicommons user Thorsten (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PH-Manila-Rizal_Monument.jpg) The content of AsianA StudiesSIAN maSTUDIESy not be r:epublished Journal of without Critical the Per writtenspecti vpermissiones on Asia of the Asian Center. 3 Contents INTRODUCTION Janus Isaac NOLASCO ................................................................... iii ARARARTICLES Filipino Workers in Japan between 1980 and 2010: A Study of Political and Socioeconomic Mechanisms of International Migration John LAMBINO ............................................................................... 1 Social Networks and the Employability of Filipinos in the United States Ruby ABSUELO and Peter HANCOCK ..................................... 31 Pentecostalism and Pulitika: A Case Study in Tanauan, Batangas, Philippines Chuan Yean SOON ........................................................................ 72 Contested National Development: Executive-Legislative Relations in American Colonial Philippines and the Cabinet Crisis of 1923 Vicente Angel YBIERNAS ............................................................102 COMMENTARIES Indonesia, 1965: Rehabilitating Victims, Rehabilitating Revolution Max LANE ..................................................................................... 132 Cross-Strait Relations: Diplomatic Entanglement or Rapprochement? Raymond Leh-Sheng WANG ....................................................... 143 Reclaiming the ASEAN Community for the People ACSC/APF 2015 – CSO Statement ............................................ 158 Japanese NGOs’ 10 Recommendations for Revision of Japan’s ODA Charter ............................................................... 174 Why is the Umno-BN government using the Sedition Act to arrest people now? Francis LOH ...................................................................................183 Scholars, Writers and Thinkers Call for Academic Freedom in Thailand .................................................................................... 192 Volume 51:2 (2015) 4 Contents REVIEWS Ryosai Kenbo: The Educational Ideal of ‘Good Wife, Wise Mother’ in Modern Japan by Koyama Shizuko Reviewed by Angelo Christiane ARRIOLA ................................ 196 Misalliance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and the Fate of South Vietnam by Edward Miller Reviewed by Nicole CuUNJIENG .............................................. 200 State and Finance in the Philippines, 1898-1941: The Mismanagement of an American Colony by Yoshiko Nagano Reviewed by Vicente Angel YBIERNAS..................................... 204 Patriarchy in East Asia: A Comparative Sociology of Gender by Sechiyama Kaku Reviewed by Alleson VILLOTA II ...............................................207 POETRYYY Hanoi October Thomas David CHAVES ............................................................... 212 Hacienda Haiku Pauline Mari HERNANDO .......................................................... 213 Bali, Indonesia Max LANE ..................................................................................... 214 To a Filipina in a Peony Garden Jose Duke BAGULAYA ................................................................. 215 Manifesto Kyoto University Campaign for Freedom and Peace .................. 216 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS ................................................................. 217 ASIAN STUDIES: Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia 5 Introduction (Post)Colonial Philippines: Local Politics, Global Mobilities IT ALMOST GOES WITHOUT SAYING: colonialism and its legacies have indelibly affected the Philippines in a myriad of ways. And while this impact has already been the subject of much scholarship, this issue of Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia gathers four new articles on the subject, exploring the effects of (post)colonialism on both local politics and the global mobilities of Filipinos. On the one hand, colonialism has undoubtedly shaped Philippine local politics, with “local” having a two-fold meaning here: local as the opposite of the global, and local as a synonym of the rural. The former refers to domestic Philippine politics during the American colonial period, while the latter pertains to politics in the greater part of the country. On the other hand, colonialism has irrevocably added a global dimension, as it were, to Philippine society. Today, thanks to globalization and migration, we study Philippine society as a space not just bound by the geography of the Philippine nation-state but also as a locus that incorporates and transcends national boundaries. Philippine Studies today has cast an eye on Filipinos all over the world, putting particular emphasis on migration and its various implications. The articles in this issue capture the local/global dynamic of (post)colonialism. The first two capture the “global” dimension of contemporary Philippine society. In the lead article, John Lambino presents a new framework in analyzing Filipino migration to Japan between 1980 and 2010. Departing from the limitations of push-pull theories, Lambino presents an alternative framework—covering political and socioeconomic processes—to explain how and why Filipino migrants in Japan began as entertainers but eventually moved into the manufacturing sector. Ruby Absuelo and Peter Hancock make the case for Weak Ties as the strongest determinant of employability of Filipinos in the United States. Volume 51:2iii (2015) iv6 Introduction Their study offers a valuable contribution to the ever-growing field not just of Filipino migration studies but also of Asian-American Studies. Their findings offer a wealth of implications, especially for policy makers in the Philippines, a nation known for its state-backed labor export program. The third article takes us back to the Philippines, where an American
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