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WO 2010/091029 Al (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 12 August 2010 (12.08.2010) WO 2010/091029 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every BOlD 53/14 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) Number: International Application CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/US2010/022935 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 2 February 2010 (02.02.2010) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 61/149,633 3 February 2009 (03.02.2009) US (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/181,250 26 May 2009 (26.05.2009) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 61/219,3 10 22 June 2009 (22.06.2009) US GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): TM), European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, CALERA CORPORATION [US/US]; 14600 Winch ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, ester Blvd., Los Gatos, California 95032 (US). MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW, (72) Inventors; and ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). (75) Inventors/Applicants (for US only): CONSTANTZ, Brent R. [US/US]; 16 Ohlone Street, Portola Valley, Cal Published: ifornia 94028 (US). YOUNGS, Andrew [US/US]; 101 — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) Millrich Drive, Los Gatos, California 95030 (US). (74) Agent: WITT, Eric; 14600 Winchester Blvd., Los Gatos, California 95032 (US). (54) Title: CO2 SEQUESTERING SOIL STABILIZATION COMPOSITION to tailings pond ocean FIGURE 1 (57) Abstract: CO2 sequestering soil stabilization compositions are provided. The soil stabilization compositions of the invention include a CO2 sequestering component, e.g., a CO2 sequestering carbonate composition. Additional aspects of the invention in clude methods of making and using the CO2 sequestering soil stabilization composition. The invention also comprises the method of stabilizing soil and producing a soil stabilized structure utilizing such compositions. PCT PATENT APPLICATION CO2 SEQUESTERING SOIL STABILIZATION COMPOSITION Inventor(s): Brent R. CONSTANTZ, Citizen of U.S., Residing at 16 OhIone, Portola Valley, CA. 94028 Andrew YOUNGS, Citizen of U.S., Residing at 101 Millrich Drive, Los Gatos, CA 95030. Entity: A small business concern. CALE RA 14600 Winchester Blvd Los Gatos, California 95032 (408) 340-4600 (Main) (408) 340-4650 (Facsimile) Filed Electronically on: 2 February 2010 CO2 SEQUESTERING SOIL STABILIZATION COMPOSITION CROSS-REFERENCE [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/149,633, titled, "CO2 Sequestering Soil Stabilization Composition," filed 3 February, 2009; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/181,250, titled, "Compositions and Methods Using Substances with Negative 513 C Values," filed 26 May 2009; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/219,310, titled, "Compositions and Methods Using Substances with Negative δ 13 C Values," filed 22 June 2009, which applications are incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] Construction and maintenance of roads, building foundations and pavements require a solid, stabilized base. Paving a surface often requires the use of chemical stabilizers which impart mechanical strength to the soil beneath in order to improve the stability of the soil. These improvements can increase the longevity of the paved surface, resistance to erosion and decrease the frequency of repair. [0003] Many soil stabilization compositions employed today are based upon the use of Portland cement as the main stabilizing constituent. Portland cement is made primarily from limestone, certain clay minerals, and gypsum, in a high temperature process that drives off carbon dioxide and chemically combines the primary ingredients into new compounds. Because carbon dioxide is generated by both the cement production process itself, as well as by energy plants that generate power to run the production process, cement production is currently a leading source of current carbon dioxide atmospheric emissions. It is estimated that cement plants account for 5% of global emissions of carbon dioxide. As global warming and ocean acidification become an increasing problem and the desire to reduce carbon dioxide gas emissions (a principal cause of global warming) continues, the cement production industry will fall under increased scrutiny. [0004] Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been identified as a major contributor to the phenomenon of global warming and ocean acidification. CO2 is a by-product of combustion and it creates operational, economic, and environmental problems. It is expected that elevated atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and other greenhouse gases will facilitate greater storage of heat within the atmosphere leading to enhanced surface temperatures and rapid climate change. CO2 has also been interacting with the oceans driving down the pH toward 8.0. CO2 monitoring has shown atmospheric CO2 has risen from approximately 280 ppm in the 1950s to approximately 380 pmm today, and is expect to exceed 400 ppm in the next decade. The impact of climate change will likely be economically expensive and environmentally hazardous. Reducing potential risks of climate change will require sequestration of atmospheric CO2. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0005] CO2 sequestering soil stabilization compositions are provided. The soil stabilization compositions of the invention include a CO2 sequestering component, e.g., a CO2 sequestering carbonate composition. Additional aspects of the invention include methods of making and using the CO2 sequestering soil stabilization composition. The invention also comprises the method of stabilizing soil and producing a soil stabilized structure utilizing such composition. [0006] In some embodiments, the invention provides a soil stabilization composition that includes a carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestering component. In some embodiments, the CO2 sequestering component includes a carbonate compound composition, a bicarbonate compound composition, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the CO2 sequestering component includes a metal carbonate compound composition, a metal bicarbonate compound composition, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the carbonate compound composition includes calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the carbonate compound composition includes amorphous calcium carbonate, vaterite, aragonite, calcite, nesquehonite, hydromagnesite, amorphous magnesium carbonate, anhydrous magnesium carbonate, dolomite, protodolomite, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the carbonate compound composition, bicarbonate compound composition, or combination thereof includes a precipitate from an alkaline-earth metal containing water. In some embodiments, the alkaline-earth metal-containing water includes CO2 derived from an industrial waste stream. In some embodiments, the industrial waste stream includes flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuel. In some embodiments, the CO2 sequestering component has a 13 C value of less than -5%o. In some embodiments, the carbonate compound composition, bicarbonate compound composition, or combination thereof includes a precipitate from an alkaline-earth metal containing water, wherein the alkaline-earth metal containing water includes a CO2 charged solution. In some embodiments, the CO2 charged solution includes CO2 derived from an industrial waste stream and a contacting solution. In some embodiments, the industrial waste stream used to charge the CO2 charged solution includes flue gas from the combustion of fossil fuel. In some embodiments, the contacting solution includes NaOH, KOH, an alkaline brine, a clear liquid, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, in which the CO2 sequestering component includes a precipitate from an alkaline-earth δ13 metal containing water that includes a CO2 charged solution, the CO2 sequestering component has a C value of less than -5%o. In some embodiments, the soil stabilization composition further includes at least one of: water, a cementitious component, a metal cation, and a metal silicate. In some embodiments, the cementitious component is portland cement. In some embodiments, the cementitious component is a CO2 sequestering cement. In some embodiments, the metal cation is sulfur, silicon, strontium, boron, sodium, potassium, lanthium, zinc, iron, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the metal silicate is magnesium silicate, calcium silicate, aluminum silicate, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the CO2 sequestering component renders the soil stabilization composition reduced in carbon footprint, carbon neutral or carbon negative. [0007] In some embodiments, the invention provides
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