Soils and Land Suitability for Arable Farming of South-East District

AG : BOT/85/011 FIELD DOCUMENT 5

Soil Mapping and Advisory Services

Botswana

SOILS AND LAND SUITABILITY FOR ARABLE FARMING OF SOUTH-EAST DISTRICT

UNITED NATIONS FOOD 8. AGRICULTURE REPUBLIC OF DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION OF THE BOTSWANA UNITED NATIONS PROGRAMME

GABORONE, 1989 AG : BOT/85/011 Field document 5

Soil Mapping

fa_

Gaborone, 1989

AG : BOT/85/011 Field document 5

Soil Mapping and Advisory Service

BOTSWANA

r-JAg-tui:a! the 111. Aat- 1X,.,vt:,:topmapk P:zamkle r:iciven':i of I3, 1cpi

Gaborone 989

The conclusions given in this report are those considered appropriate at the time of its preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at suLs , stages of this project.

The defi uployed and the ptesenation oE the matcial in this doc.uipoht do not i the exprossioa otdnyopinion whatsoevE:oh th.=, part ot theFooa and Avi..:ulture Organization of th,:: United Nations conceraingthe 11 conEtitutional status of any country, territory or sea al-ea olcoher:- deaimication of frontiers. CONTENTS

trirna'y of conclusions and rec=71dations

DESCRIPTICN OF TUEAREA 1 1. Loc.oltion, population and commnicatit.:, . .1 7-1.1 ,ocatir,11 J.I PopolaLirw

1.2 ....o. -",:touction 1,2.2 Rainfall And Potential Evapotranspiration ...... 3 1.2.3 Temperatut ...... 10 1,2,4 Other clluvor,ic parameters 1,2,5 Soil ClimVA.: ,...... 10 1.2.6 ConciLslon!-- ....,...... 11 1.3 Soly ...... 11

1.3.1 'Inc :,,rcheFs ez.a , ...... 11 1.5.2 Pr'Jter9zoic eta

1.4 Geomorpholog:, ...,...... 12 1»;.1 C.r pr1g .,...... ,...... ,12

1.4,2 hydrol.ogy ...... 3

1.5 Na ca 1 i ation , . , ...... I 1.6 Laml Ose ...... ,..,..17 L.6.1 Lane Tanute System

1.6.2 Majol. Lund u2e typeL...... 17

2 6,4.t

Tbe 2-2,1 1311i,.s , , ......

2.3 De,s,c,i':pti, ut

ENLLUATI,,,'Yg, N 6 600 04 it,awy/s N 08S .4...41EA4,06156,00"31066.600125 ,m 2 2 . 2 2 2 22 I," 'kso ' )TAL kr10I °".'"

:11111)1. , n . t. La-0 " c,..122Lic, , ...... ResoJr, JL

Referer.

Appendi 1: Typifying soil profiles

2; Land suitabllity classification sheets

3. DeterminatiLd of the moisture availability rating

ii List of Tables

Table 1: Mean monthly rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in climatic stations of South East District

Table 2: Mean monthly climatic parameters for Gabe:one

Table 3: Length, type and onset da.t fhe growin seasonirLobatse

Table 4: Description of geomorphologleal units in Souti dstrict

Table 5: Main vegett'm types in South East District

Table 6: Frequency .,ccurrence of a humid period dm m ae first gr.. period

List of figures

,ct

iii FAWUNDP/Government of Botswana. Soil Mapping and Advisory Services Project. Soils and Land Suitability for arable farming of South East District. Prepared by E. Van Waveren, J Huesken and F. Nachtergaele, June 1989.

92 pages,6 tables,7 figures, 2 maps, 3 Appendices.

ABSTRACT

This report presents the results from soil surveys carried out in South East District at a 1:100 000 scale. Chapter 1 describes the enviromental aspects, in Chapter 2 the soils and their classification is discussed, while in Chapter 3 a qualitative rating of the suitability of the lands in South East District is given. Two maps accompany this report.

iv DESCRIPTION OF TEE

1.1 LOCATION, POPULATION ANT !AiiSTrTAT I 1.1.1 Lscaton Trr AAAA0i

:;(0.c..1 r e'TZ, 0-e StC S-- tne wst, lr t: i i i C t t)thc0eLL!r. TC 2 1 15!!,!)vi-?!teC 3tanoa;n1;25e OO.S., soil map saeets discussedetiewhc!:,'(Lohntscsb.1!! Mafoxo.1989 ana Gaborone sheet in Moganane,1989),abd s Je0 f-t coordinates 24°2,'5and25°96'.5 and 25°29'E and 26°08'E (Figure 1),

The mapped area covers approximately 8200 km2, mainly consisL of Hardveld, but includes some alluvial areas. The district capitaJ is ),m.7.:twa and the district. contains checountry capital, Gaborone.

1.1.2 Population

Thetotai population of the study area was about IL) WC: s'cool.diuto Lhe :JS: population and housing census Assuming an annual ...ncrease oS 2_10: H. figureKillstand at about 170 COC by che end of 1989. The maln cearreJ it! the area include Gaborono,the capital city ofB0151,e, wit'oabout. ' ' 00e people (L981 census), Ramotswa, the districc's capical, with a bopulatu,n o, 13000 aud Lobatewith a popul:Ition of 190;i0,besides tictcre numerousuL- lages ,trld settlements sentrered rhroughoui. the distlicr. Thepro1,1=tyotHc major centres couJO meDu tha7- actuaJ popudaion figures,IL0much an a,2c.7.;eane6 litiitratio;1

Air '

LO-C, r

%.'1' nk 1'1,4

ii) Railways : rall to,o(t:R '!-oura TLisrLth mP,H _l!rR crircLOI 7.1.m5qWe TUk, rt.CH HCis u

JJ.!:-A,A1 LC,61(1 `t 171 . the T _Li n7,;1,.b..".)t.,1:,g»

kto L y T 01, t.) s w , 1' L fitawirr' JSS4 °"1 '.:("o7V4;. ijo- area REPUBLIC OF BOTSWANA Annotool

Daso AAA,'

100 200 kblortleues 44181f

Aso

Mao fbel

1 1 213° 24° 215° 2'6° 217° /28.1 29' t 7° \ ZAMBIA "

-'N 18°- . . Shskarre

CrObt N,710/01 PARK CHORE DISTRICT

ZIMBABWE

/ -EAST DisrF.Hci ' , . . ' ,.... , , , . %-."--' ,./...... i N ,:, , '\ ....._,--,- FrseNtron Drape 1 . \ X k

GhanLI _.., ... \ CENTRALDISTRICT N4N.------,_ ..* 22° GRAN Z DISTN Cl 2, . %....22° CENTRAL tAtAnAill 6A.T RESERO.' bi Philnir

\, -....,-1-----I-7 Sam. -- )..:1 '\ ' \ //PL"--'. ,,,,. ../\,.. 'ahal.pye i 23" \*. "./. I ANTSUAME i 71 A '1 i KreiT'LErir; ? 24. . 1578 NC T ( /0 24° r---... e Modsv4) \._ ...... \_Molvoliall I 7.0.: KG GADlisIDISTRICT I , * -...... )., & 1, OUTfHEAST Ks 25- i e.? .0 et 6AME RESSVE ( STRICT I N ' .+ 25° - ,Lobutslo ,s, MIRROR NATIONAL/. ..4 N: .PARK01 ../3.- I

I N-L - I ...... al ow. Tshalaons 6° 28. 1 il F I / .. 0.0 2P .2.olSen AAA A Al DeponamarSIM, ml lomit AAst 1111 27'

Pam' A O. mommo Art 21* 22 23 24° 25* 28° 27 28 2e-

Figure 1: Location Map of South-east 2 District 1.2 CLIMATE

1.2.1 Introduction

Several climatic stationc with 1 eerm rainfallrecords are locatedjn SouthEa,,t distriet. Only one synopticsta1.20nApere othercfimr.' pavamef;:' )'!:P meau,ured Gaborone) irwithe e eum-1. oj, ri? 1 -

1.2.2 RainiAll and Potential Evapotranspiration

The mean total annual rainfall ranges from 475 to S7mii: Table 1). The coef- ficient of variation of the annual.rainfall is between 2:) and 30,7: according to Bhalotra (l984.

The distribution of this rainfall throughout the year isdSfollows: 477 falls in summer,40;,: in iutumn, 11%in spring and only 2 utt.lkgLhe heue7! orrly q0;:. of the rain is eoncentreted. befw':!o.i ,?cieber Saro,i7! io geoeied, the we,tesi- mont, ortrw ;3

Os° an6 1,L to'

ntf,c: I _1 2 (.r C1

rre the

)) ))). ) L C141 L) )`') g.,)t ) CO.)," ".) r"')-11)".L'))) " L. L.

))

'o, ¡plan caro jt e:y on a yearCoyear basis Iasto be made, ping particulL acoention to t,), variability in the onset dates and the length. of -he growios

UALI estimatee that, as a rule, the rainy season aod the ,eitowing sta:t when tainfall (1') exceeds haif the PET. A humid period occursT,;1)eti f exceeds full PET, while the rainy seasons ends che E,e(1w PET Taking into account a maximum of 100mm stored soli moistur, the Lt(A,d7ig peri.o,i ends when the soil is completely dry On this nasis, fol:r ryons of growiL(g periods can be distinguished (Figure The lengto of tris grow,ri seasor ia an important parameter in the evaluation of the climate tor rainfeO agriculture. Most food crops require at least a'40 day long growing period with at least one humid month. A second parameter that;1irectly influence, the on-faim planning of agricultural operations, is thereliabiliLy of the on, se: date of the growing season, as this factor will determine the practical feasieeility uf rainfed Earming.

These factors were analyzed for Lobatse climatic station which has compl e rainfall records over 55 years. The results are presented in Figure 3 and Table 3 and are ized as follows:

- very severe moisture stress for crops occurs when there is no growing season,or when the growing season is intermediate, or if there is a normal growing period of very short duration (less than 60 days). In Lobatse, this is the case in 32 seasons out of 63 or in about one year out of two. Table 1

MEAN MONTHLY RAINFALL AND POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (mm) IN CLIMATIC STATIONS OF SOUTH EAST DISTRICT

Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Annual

Climatic Station

Gaborone 97 83 69 43 13 4 3 4 15 44 66 88 524 Kgale 109 71 54 51 12 3 1 3 12 41 75 84 509 Ramotswa 94 66 56 51 10 2 1 3 14 42 68 74 477 Moeding 110 86 79 57 12 2 0 4 24 41 71 90 578 Lobatse 101 87 69 47 14 7 4 3 17 44 72 92 552 Hildevale 107 74 67 82 16 8 2 4 10 39 70 66 505 GaboronePET 161 131124 86 63 39 4382 123 158 156 165 1331

Table 2

MEAN MONTHLY CLIMATIC PARAMETERS FOR GABORONE

Month J F M A M J J A S O N

Climatic Station

Mn Minimum 19.7 19.0 18.0 13.1 7.6 4.0 3.6 6.5 11.9 15.5 17.5 18.4 T(°C; Mn Maximum 32.6 31.2 31.1 27.2 24.6 22.2 22.3 25.5 29.1 30.7 31.2 32.1

Relative 55 56 57 58 53 50 47 41 36 41 46 49 Humidity (Z) Surshin 63 65 66 72 84 80 91 88 80 73 66 62 (n/N) Windspead 1.2 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 (m/sec) Rg(cal/cm 550 528 470 416 375 325 367 427 481 533 551 551 day) ------

4 P E T

P T .0"

xxx4,rnamm,

,- PE T mm-

Hi duce 2 : --of di-four types of groo- -eriod (FAO,

ana d E

bI far 1 " ET A

1 6 0 . 1 " 4 3 U 0 0 10 0 2 3 3 1 0 0 11 rv o i 1 1 2 0 0 0, 0 0 1 1 O 0 0 0 0 1 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

8 7 5 3 0

5 0 0 O 0 0 2 .1 0 3 I. 0 3 5 2 5 .1 0 0 1 3 2 0 0 6 0 O 1 2 0 1. 0 4 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1. 0 o 0 1 0 o o 0 0 1

3::

2 i 17 11. 0

th f the

7 - - - f n d ,

1.2,3 Ature

-the -ad

II II

dr I

r overto,

.6c:cur in the period

10 t) J'Orq

cl Putt,

UPUP

Th L4 GEOHC

and -

et/tt

cic

nraTh

Ed\E,.

Figure 6 East di str ic DES(

.tobbs 1.4

14 1 . 5 NA' AL VEGETAT'''''

,A° C001, L'I.,-?,rk,..`/L TC;),i ir i r

4 ° C t'iM I ;.1.cr-(1 M-I;niLL011 71,1 HT,:yç n L rer ,;;; ; L ,Liii,; ; .units

B5 :

' C 1 E

Shrub 0 0 11'

15 34

1400.1.0,11

0110ROSF

+. 41.4 -a.

1.4-+INational boundary

; District boundary

Full legend see Table 5

Figure 6 : Natural Vegetation of South East District (after Timberlake, 1980)

16 L141 h n is , iJ .1 i» i,he fc 1,111' ' unk çj c t. b., La on `44%,0.11,,,c4), r 1,n 4.4 l L I)1 4, ' t:4-4,p 4,;. -.4" 144"ft4L4 4.:44M1-',1,re." and tho TInnn, ;t W rL i IL L H,nY, it ti-st,P," LI s-44:1 ' L r I tar,

1.6

II I

17 2 SOILS

2 .1 INTRODUCTION

Soils

2 . 2

18 m,ijOy in colluvium derived

LassIficati

'e noted.han the

2.3

ectly

M11 11, M1,,

of ey of Taun

19 riv rìuju fr çJ,.;! L Chatar,t.eriqtic,1- itil a6,,,,,3°;_nct-,11%,(, ILIt,JT rkt:0(iirrS;!(1`k ;

A4b FAO: Calcic Catnb (1974)

thk.'k r t. H; '(' 11'71 i_H! R.0; 8;41, gb v Ocvurraco.

qqq ,qqt ,q1 qq qqk Rv, q

nyr '

1 5

4 I ,

Y'o Sy" O,4' od, oA,0

ksk t)",

1'1 o

f ' Y k'r

1, o , 'HI I ;b h j t,,v1

41 4,1 h 740, 711 4,, 4,1k lhbih

; 4',"k,;;', 044 4',4 7 44 , , .4'(,7:4

20 All FAO Ferric Luv 14 3 14 '! 11apl ic Li KJ gollF.rz.L2Lvi,ol 2PLO-0 St,, 0%ic. Pait,ust.alf Pr:ript Innho..icra tely deep to veryd,-4.ep, moderately wellto well to str 40.1ghowr Jv ndy rlay.Al.most flat to or:J.1)411a t in?, Cwcarr,:r..c4e.:u pt tcf I. Leyf2 w.t. s nd 1op1E.iro; Lat /oti.wo-.h. anci,A7 SouLli LL L.V4 , IL' p.) ka No a two 1.,1, ,¡

Al 3a FAO z n[°P. c c,

(very)

, in

' L t., ,

' BASIC IGNEOUS , MORPHIC

B3 , LOY 1`; ;') tP',"'

. to

Id ", 1,1

21 on dolente east of No3-3-3

kr.nnw3 ,

Bu tJ.;n

33T n;

DiA

;

D2a

thi r-33- .the General Soil

22 I '-)1,11 si Lnye: owl s'n red sandy ',tawt clayloam. ropographr L.' l ight Lyundt.:1.71.; int.;

Profile: 1,-,00i)Z.1.,.. Occ:urrent:e oct pedi-111CTI t Si f n..(11t70 1 L..¡1tar %n,:n; r w.t.,zit 0,1 011 1:1 t wit D'f(! ;.n 1.1-pniS ';nnn ;:n11 t 171,741ogy itiJ

tottpeI C, if F. ;Thharao.teristics; :7,0;15 ,11/OW d isti r.ive rea(In dept.

c.m.: very t-toltd wh.eit in t and p1bifr'r

. 11St, LEA; n

'tier:ark ,1 Z.'1 malt tognized(D7d)

n-n e' Lt ;\0(tinnr,n,rTh

D7a FAO: ..",; h , u4-. pi SS Pn7i7ntkt:,' :dark

Gla

1"II, TT

,ncn rn I T u )u

yy,OyYyt.Y0fi' YrY

ocyzyy, . r T rn n'T 't,r ' IT' IT Yin I

TrY

TrItyn'TT Z,""frI, TIr VrT

" yytYy ITT1T'T 1 TI" I I,I,0'

pr yYyy,

Cid nn

sH7,-1,n- »nn-7 nn."1.7

rdin7n-nn

,rn,I,T1TI:.I.T4TTI I,41-

n,nn'n , ri(Y. ,r'yyy5 '50V Y' "Yy Y 1'1 C," 'Ytl`frf,:' n\n-'"n.

S Ikein!IP 7r f:' Si

23 G2d FAO: FetriL1,uqJsol tL.ri c etpet. ufer i. I ph 1'1,4 La'o;

ST : Kaihpli Paleut.alf Description:!,10,'eat deem modeiately well;0 ).,011 rUalL0,-1, grayish browr tot lnamto7Findyclayloam. Topcgrr,phy: undulating.

Occurrrnce: O (;abotony %,ranite andXIfehflCat t t Lobatse Vole,anic (roup. Mainly on low r.siv sio1i tt.,,-peE erosive slope -klso founuiticomplex with Gla

Re k : NoJR11-'11,tcr\-data -Jaiablu.

G2f FAO: Lc\r"i.ol o,

ST : EalcustrAt

Desertpt...n. 1,ty

' I v n'nl7"-fraraalla.T.aa,"' a al ,,,ta ' ' uau

vsv svv'o 000 )(su r C1 S.uvy . '

' ; , 1,

Oa' ,

r C111.1 !.41 'Sii CIW L'o

Rea,i,temq 011

R VERY SHALL01

H '

' SOILS ONeflA/7 GRAINED S IKENTAtv "'MS

S10 FAO: t t- ' , 1 S7 t P

taa iao,,, r 5. 'a a a ' a tw'tOt r17:1t. L ta aaa a a

TOI),)0,rt..1!ilyit,lz , ,

v`v 1.) u 10 1 ,v vv, svv,1 s v 7 sv. vs

1 )s) t H 1 1111,4 uv) v111 .0 V4s.,,,

L Remarks: No lab data avz

24 L.AND EVALUATION

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Tr'ot1 t s t con;he goverrtmenk,, ' aridev.2i tiLt t L v;-1(I f,/cluir4;L fjvar, Lritr.koti.oot Ht

Tho :an,7!(?-1,°A!tiork)s plHmacilY has:F'd on--01i1

'IttItt"r rtt.ttiAJ LHrmHí11}e e fi ttt ttEtii Itur rtt,ktttl

T s ."rr.`", 5tLtL Ltt HYp LtLs.1,1, H Io

rtIc ...Id Lt it Lt t

rrrr

r 1"

3.2

knowle

,J.ttttk.1 tt'tt't '",%10:,,tt,H t't t t'ut t N1.111,0

25 t practices: Winter pl?ughing 1.1 s' planting ,roki

imprnved seed , modes/ utw cf /manur;?, lusee tic ides ,use of

plalaer and int er - row ,2ultiva tor , omi- t:Y.1fploughing, Adequate ct:cp pro- tv,ctjnn against peFr.s, propettrJçyÏ ofhallst

t nfra3rructu1 i1 AdtI o zt.'2,71: ice ; del..)ot 1 ci cl

1 L!,v O

Land

Jl H'

3 - NFORMA T ION HO S LAB

t'd iv In- 1, , 22t H

"I' 1 ;

li:t e

, r a a!'

1{` wit: ti toj] ,11 ,,L1)1 OCI 17,, h h hhÌÏT1ytJJJ.H.L'i'2t2!° )01/) ;AA:' IA,t ÍÏ W2 ,ar rhe 1t HLLHHH rO,Cpi,v iT iÏÏ., , ,,,nt sl.oce rc 11,. , Lit.2 old

3. UALITIES TIN

map l .:or the following land quail es.

26 Edaphic- and Agro-Climatic Suitability correc:t tor,17.°..ertule. reimc engtb and air hum... e she, e u,el doIAlar, ingf t e od hele,.°03.acy len eEht rti1no t tore 'a L! ty tee`item',TV:a ttV t n the rtste.re ,ehuhch' :eel:bole! f-°L.,,t. te c SrAstrHr- ratI

3.5

The. L ,IS t-°.;

t , tettet e" "e,"t e, ,,- e the

et C.."'" !..t, " 'L t'ett'

tee; L.,, het rJIh . u ;

, . ,L ttì he° 0°1 e ° L u.e , /I H, 'H 1a t

tons la. Su i tab Si 52 h, S3 ,

S4 C '4 0 " N < 0.4

Otttl t""°""te-;t t t 't.L'e.t,Ort "hetei :1°3 s Let r. ,S,".; rotr51 tIte' ,Irt"l.)ttt

pe et ml e O.:tit- 11. C'retel "'f h used

Ftset00.",lteie. s"10n' L,utehe',.:,,7 el teehe ',elUn.,;hLt-°,..5*-A.,1,Le!eve; ee eh,", tedoen,1 Lrep v.re)1°,

27 Land is rated as N can not give such an output/yield that it cover.. input

The land +LITit ) ' workahj lit; w.3 ni v acan'ddel'e'ltro rrony aoi r tne cona f onf thr, t pcL.L lac L cact ai e aVP L mo , rrri"z r fdcr ALJP,;) and PRAT sc.hotio

3.6 Description of the climatic zone

41i0,1104 h1,, Si J.074 "11i h4"1,', ,, o )10 ;11:.1.).;',

nnlt lima Lth la ,

11 1I°,a

, H 1+1i001.++ ht.

L. 1 , and

, H S 1)

1 11

; 1 1 ,, 1 11',1"! '

" h u ;1 ^ A ,; It`

'' 1,11 +' 10,0' ; If a

)1,,1! 1°' 11 A 1A nS,C.AA'AAh

, 011.1hI h !/;211, ,n ht. ucmn5 ' 1

Table

E CV m °PRIOD DURING THE Ai/ PE

3.7REMARKS ON THE SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION OF THE MAPPING UNITS

For the iaa r r t ,,artSLT1ta:a a e 710. TS5 rorSjSnSLLt rnìLr LS:rthc,.4olal'an f SC..- A

I fl L i walaa*In t aal f faL c, a sfl f, ra7-ar L aL , )a-a

1t, 1111,1+'1*.:T1t1 411:1 011,1 11111 11110` + ,.+1++.1)-1.

," !, 1I5,,n1-'+ A 7+ 1 '1".; 1-! '1 1: 1 (.111 + t r 3t25' tf-aL riaaL,,

28 A: Soils on Alluvial Deposits

All ,:"1.1.:134r.in Jtlil hi fs,en w'arr' 7,,1;11 6,...nn.ron IFnrt, Aj, AR, All ark' ,0" ik,,r:niltu of (1.-in1.7.1,.,¡Q7..,iin Avail.3h1111:,7,o. t, c.intfk-O ,Ut,53m,N-hil,F,on ,he»Air; tnc All t, Tko,of,,

1' t tt, t I "t- ,

T P ,

29 REFERENCES

Bawde- and T --sofF--' "'- aland DOA,

1,'--)(

13h - a Y.P.R. limat 19 eparti

,T ToTof ot .oloo,,o`qoo. o ol'IN

' of

A 32

1,1L cul-

FA A ' of the FA map of th- 19

I i o T, ' ot oot!,ti-Lti. L 1155)5 Hl55.5S tfo ,ti,, T1, ot,,, tfts, T tittto,

rtt ?Ts.'

, ,/olgo //` o" // oFi/C , // /o ro',//0",/,:k,/,//tod/', /`o, /ol000-to/1 ;on l'°,/o/o`,Vo,,,°1!.°

:Aos'ol`,` ././ o'../ S° Fk,

uto 1,10' , ,$j` ,

3,1 t tit 'II S1.SSHSFi iS F'"o .o Tot Aires.

If of, A. SISiI.SHT tTot ofT.T-T, hot, itTff,TitiTf;t:

Liftfftf ffpflifttf ,f

, ,

30 A,LJ 1 1,o,'A.Itinotll 4.

landevaluatic _e kL

` H,

D., r

.1 n iNo 6.

31 APPENDIX 1

S' .,ECTED - FtZ TATIVF SIL Vitor 7rICAL DATA.

Profile Unit FAO (1974) Classification

R0011. A4 aric Cambisol

A7 eyic

sol

S10 Aren

avai ¡ti )1) )t

32 SOIL PROFI , Prof.] PI C)121.7.CP;F: 1E3 0011 Gni. Status: -----2 -TASS781A7iOLOCP.51r.» . P Bp:ma csz4-pS, -jo f,6»:; 'Sarssss-s, '-f-J'=CTION:SKR: ustic lower part 1036 m : - SPECIE: ; GRASSCOVER: Yo)1.172:11EN c T. b. ROCP.Ory DRAINAGEGEOL.UNIT: Transvaal supergroup Ra",ARKE2r3,7,123°.'s`.:81'..',T'S'm.PC: T1-7 E 100 mtrs f--- up less sand intercalate', (sand 2 BC al-- EilYPIAN IN?: nil 0- 20 8: 50 - 70 9 50 c lard, 38 50- SO70 cm very fe w fir- 70 - co pr.-»t STANDARD SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS PROFILE: R 0011 CEC K PBS ------_-_-______ROCIE SAYYLE DEPTH H20pH CaCL( weight % =eq., oil ------ù Na % vcS cS mS is meq/100gmCECclay FREID A 0 20 7.46.8 6.2 0.0 11 4 0.10.4 25.6 8.2 12.4 5.2 ,.01.9 0.21.1 0.00.1 8973 0 0 0 17 6451 -urvey cf Botswana 5030 7050 FAO/BOT/85/0116.9 6.46.5 0 2 0.2 21.1 13.2 4.8 0.4 0.1 88 0 0 43 Print date: 03/05/89 'IZE DETERMINATION PRETREATMENT: METHOD: 0H - Orgastas Mat :373sometet MerSts, namata S Ilts N None SC 5.rEFZI Y'F. , 1E3 LLY-,,,TFCYFLASE:FIA;1"'-177,HDFYS, ; F SMR: ustic 31,1Y....Y0 1189 m Lk*T.DIFYCI4ATET:.SPECF. ; SSCOVER.: ..Y,r slope Yo7FF.S-2FYFfy1,C11S-,0.,Y.F27 HUMAN In:; MAL . .ly drained FugeringA: from 85.- 20 13: 30 - 5 C: D: 'A 0 - 20 cm . hard, continuous thin Btn 20- 110 c 50 cm FF- - fineclay yyy, t,hv thim Se 5 SOIL ANALYSIS RE --_-_-__PROFILE L 53 Mg K -SAN: 114R70 TS/cmEC -9------meq/100gr soil ------ù Na PBS uS , size uS fE ' Clay 30gr PRETR A 30 0 5020 8.37.9 7.9 0.0 0.40.5 21.920.9 23.3 0.8 6.34.1 0.30.2 10.2 3.0 100 39 85 1211 11 9 1114 1013 10 10 9 2831 6567 H Soil Sutve.,, 100 W0/BOT/85/0118.78.6 8.1 ------0.0 o.:0.1 20.7 2A 7 7,45.3 0.20,2 9.9 100 65 10 9 11 1011 1312 10 9 3134 6560 PrintBH date: 03/05/89 PART.S1ZE DETE ERITREATtENT: METHOD: o H-000 13y33,33Pte- Mr,ri 333Lats*-, S Soluble Salts N - None SOIL PROFILE DESZT=Ot Profile: R 0004 Unit: A09 Status: 2 SHEET : .147504 U,P11.: ; ,,-b»....-Y.7, tr. AGA ; 7 '1.1.ViNE, :El LOCATIJN : 2it..t a 3E Rauci-scit dOGRO: 2. 49 ..2= ; 25-50-17-E ELE : 1089 m CLASSIFICATIONLUTHOR(S; : A,fterna.ldvraal ?AC: R-C ,tott3n,ine rtuvit.d.(.11; ATE ,1.:0'Clut SKR., . SURFTOPO/RA.PHYLANDBORM: , at11 utnt,1 t1c5r fls - . T , Ty,utt. gat-Luc:calf d'cirir Calcic Luvisol (1974) MICR'wLANG TOP:)Gt;t2-JEdt Flat-truT : ruc 1t1;21tECU; tION: inr.i:F.rmetliate part :tic : - 1 E SPECIESLAND USE: CHAR: slight Ft al: pa, n,: Treescr.. clts , nt, apparent mana2.umert sy.;t,m - Acant a stulcif.tta (1cm.) nil e id dence of salt, Acacia tortilis subs. heterocantha Boscia albitrunca VEGETATION: dense savanna tat6SCOVER: P2RE:t1t MATERIAL: al) u-n un : Grassecifctt;Shrubs - -v., ROCK TYPE: 77'7 "7777: Transvaal supergroup : EROSI6i4SURE.STUUES:%11dr.t., COIN: nonedtty tt : nil - tn - ROCK OUTC-;' .....L.C1 INF: nil ...t .17 imperfectly drained SAMPLES:REMARKS: Auguring fruta 80cm, A: 0 - 20 B: in Bt C: 60 - A 0 - 20 white5 (moist) nodulf; ant t ut 4.511.5 tuhtly(dry), calcaremos, sandy clay common loam, weak coarse subangular . roots, gradual smooth boundart : structure, hard, con fine at . ct-c. c; :.ores, very few soft Bt 20- 50 cm ' 5' 4 1 : - rr 2.5Y 5/1 tdryt. 3andy clay pare-, iew safc calcarec,i 2,oarse au'oanT.-12a pcd.21.22, -2 , _1. ts5, 55_5- .2. 2- .5,h 52 aass5 priv moderate::.2JArl uhick25,,,517 posluar5 Btk 50 - 90 cm 2 :la ar,ri 2.5Y 6/2 tdry1, clay, very weak coarse 351.6anglar .:oft caltarecas white ncdules- stronFLy csJcaxacus. el y ,2r-L25 r--, s hard to very hard, pat print date: 03/05189 PROFILE:STANDARD------_-_-_-___ R SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS ------0004 SAMPLE DEPTH 1120pii mS/cmEC ppm CEC Ca meq/ Ti K Na PE vc -Ight %) ------L CECclay MEINF33:33 0 20 7.9 7.3 0.0 1 0.2weight % 16.7 22.5 3.6 1.0 0.1 100 6 14 13 15 13 8 6 25Clay neq/100gr 63 6025 8045 8.0 7.57.4 o 0.1 18.420.4 58.723.8 5.63.9 0.40.6 0.20.1 100 67 1014 11 9 1314 11 8 84 3531 4964 PART.SIZESoil Survey 1-T of Botswan )07/85/0117.'ETHOD: 3 - rree Iron ')xides, Print date: 03/05/89 ------3007------Unit: A13a Status t 2 : 73:231a, r...r j= V3133 37:333:33,-iE, 1E3 AUTHOR(S;:rIASSIFICAM;770CATION3E= A,Pemme,L77a,a1 ST Ti3a713-33.r:3 uvise SKR:'7,E;Ann: ustic 1006 m 70TWKAPHY!LANUFORIt flat LOI; E12,,Yt,:c Tf.,?ff; POSITION:SLOPE ia'srmeaiate par: : 0 - 1 1 rtzaight SPE°1ESLAOSWF CEAk:USE: ao tea,Ina, SnrahaTreastradit3or:37 ence of salt, VEGETAT" ;COVE: PAKENT AkTEa3AL. 4 Gra,sea:117- 717 4AGE:UNIT; Transvaal supergroup roderately well drained RalARKS:71*CSJrTr7SUP33*STO1P,:MO1ST. a)ND:Pi. 3ry ' ri:.7,or*.7 - 123 nTeçu"aF: ploughing SAMPLES: *t C: 60 - 80 - 140 Ap coarse subangli 7alcareous, common ------20- r;:k 6 KrT--. .:331 . and medium Cl 90- ZL:7, zas337, 7 and very frequent 2C ledium round*. f: red ------print date: 03/05/89 S NDAR IL ANALYSIS RESULTS ------65'6113 meq/100. PRETR. 25 0 4520 6.7 6.1-.8 0.1 6.9 4.32.8 1.3 0.2 0.0 84 5 12 17 20 14 20 32 ------,26 60 80 7.2 6.7 0.1 9.78.6 7.76.3 21.8 7 1095 9 5 12 7 64 3123 3035 Print date: 03/05/89 DESCROO -LON R 0015 Unit: A31a Status: 2 AUTEOR(S4LOCATIONSHEET A.Femmeizweal : 2km242503 N of M-Gttace deo. ------d,G.McganIne DATEOOCRP?GRID ------AGROMEVATION CLIM.ZONE: 1E2. LANDPORMO,LASS'FICATION : 31FAO: :1ic Far_ds.quer Eutric O1eysol(L98U) Eutric Gleysol (1974) LAND SME: aquic SURF.TOPOGRAPHY: CHAR: flatslight seal.ag, no Lurra par cracks, nil evidence of salt, VEGETATION:ram,,DrICPCK;APi%.'? Nil ,n,r GRASSCOVER:POSITION:ELOPE loo,r : 0 - PARENTSPECIESLAND USE: : traditionkl grazing : Trees - TYPE: MOIST.SURY.STONES: (DND: dry t- 10 MATERIAL: allt,vium Grasnes/frrbs- . moist 10 - 50 , wet 50 cm ROCK DRAINAGEGEOL.UNIT: : Transvp41poorly drained supergroup REMARKFEROSION : none.Hlight sheetIng from erosion 80co, and Watertable slight accumulal at 150cm, anr-o4 flooded. water ROCK OUTCROP: none HUMAN INF: nil SAtVLIE.: . 0 - 10 B: 15 - 35 C: 40- 50 D: Litter and plant remains50- deposited. 60 E: 60 - 80 I': Whole profile low bulk 130density. - 150 Bc 0 - 10 cm 1CYR 413 ',:raiSt) and 1.r.;YR 6/ SPrZ,Q7E, lcundaiy, r sy, crate platy structure, very hard, cosarti fine and common ccarse meres, non calcareous, common roots, 281 10 - . 1TR ii and iOng 5/3 mc-_11c,6 4wcist, clay, weak very coarse suba: , locky structure, ,7ery hard :Lae on pores, non calcareous, i:,°177., 7/J cm: lear succtl wcdarv. r' 5Y7 5ft,, very weak subangt rm, many o oorea, non calcareous, few 6050 - 80 CI Lm, Irew c=mc%c mmon medium faito roots, abrupt cltf:,!se brown mottles, sandy loar'oie ",ctomdarf. mottles, clay, strongly coheren- e, ro'.ghtly slightly 400 and mediumEne and pores, medium pores, 2C3 80 - 150 co (moist), sal 7eL) 1ro ts itf , 14:1 calcareous, no roots, ----- STANDARDPROFILE: F SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS )15 SAMPLE .4 EC P C CEC Ca Mg K Na PBS Z vcSParticle size (weight %) mS fS vfS cSi fSi Clay meq/100grCECclay 0 10 820 7.4 CaCL2 6.6 mS/cm 0.0 ppm 5 weight1.1 % 24.8 18.1 meq/100gr soil ------ù 4.0 1.1 0.2 94 0 cS 2 23 24 5 2 12 31 66 4015 5035 8.17.8 7.06.9 0.0 12 0.40.5 24.727.3 21.719.5 5.15.7 0.70.5 0.4 100 0 0 0 0 1 1413 4022 4564 5239 50 60 8.3 7.1 0.0 14 0.2 6.3 5.1 1.4 0.2 0.2 100 98 0 0 14 36 5 31 7 1014 26 6 52 9 5262 E 130 60 150 80 8.28.0 6.67.2 0.0 3 0.10.0 27.3 6.2 20.1 3.5 5.61.1 0.20.6 0.40.5 84 0 0 3 40 31 14 4 9 67 7 ------PART.SIZESoil Survey of tswana 1 DN PRETREATMENT:FAO/BOT/85/011 METHOD: 0H - OrganicHydrometer Matter, Method, F .= Free Iron Oxides, P Pipette Method, C - Carbonates,* - Not Known S - Soluble Salts N = None Print date: 03/05/89 SOIL PROFILE DESCRIPTYN Profile: R 0020 Unit: B03 Status: 2 AUTHOR(S):LOCATIONSHEET : Metsecaswane,A.Remmelzwaal : 242503 A,Cavaliere-Parzaneze C.I.Ketlogetswe GRIDDATEGOURD: : 24-48-10-5 : LC-733-56728111185 25-44-55-E AGROELEVATION CLIM.ZONE: 1E3 : 1914 m CLASSIFICATION STFAO: : Chromic Luvisol(1988? Chromic Luvisol (1974) SMR: ustic TOPOGRAPHY:LANDFORM almost fiar : plain Ultic Haplusralt MICROLAND TOPOCPAPH1: ELEMENT even SLOPEPOSITION: :1 % straight LANDSURF. CHAR: slight sealing, USE: : Tteestraditional dryland farming - Acacia fleckii (dom.) t racks, nil evidence of salt, Acacia tortilis subs. the Combretum imberbe VEGETATION: savanna GRASSCOVER: SPECIES : : Grasses/forbs-Shrubs - MOIST.PARENTSURF.STONES: COND: dry none 0 - 150 cm MATERIAL: in situ weathered ROCK OUTCROP:TYPE: dolerte none DRAINAGEGEOL.UNIT: Transvaal supergroup : well drained REMARKS:EROSION Augering fram 100cm : slight sheet erosion NAN INF: nil LJP... SAMPLES: A: 0 - 15 B: 20 - 45 C: 50- 70 D: 110 - 130 E: 135 - 150 A 0 - 15 cm 7.5YR 3/4 (moist) and 7.5YR 4/1 f7), smroth boundary. ..oatcy san. structure, soft, common fine and few medium pores, non calcareous, few roots, BU 15 - 40 cm 7,;fRfine7-77Y? ano i.,l3/5 few 'roist) medium and pores, 7.5YR non5;.` calcareous. few mis:) and 7.51R 4/5 (dry), sandy loar., very weak very coarse vlbangular blocky structure, slightly hard, patchy thin .drv), sandy clay lca, very weak very coarse subargular blocky structure, slightly hard, broken thin roots, clear smooth (oundary. cutans, common 40 - - 5t3Bt2 BO - 135 cm 80 cm 7. cut-ans, common fine andT few 4/7 (moist) anO 7.5YR 5 ('.177), common fine faint diffuse reddish mottles, sandy clai. p7z.,s, very ftn(! .7nek fra nts, non calcareous, common terie/ant activity, very few very coarse subangular blocky structure, slightly hard roots, gradual smooth boundary. Ccs 135 - 150 cm 7.5Y? ,,,roken rupt(moist) auca cans,7.5YR common 5/4 (dry),fine aadsandy few clay medium loam pores, to sandy very clay, few finevery frequentrock fragment-, medium harm '''-areous, common termite/ant.oiferous activity, black very nodules, few non calcareous, very few Soil Survey of Botswana f1po ----- print date: 03/05/89 PROFILE:STANDARD R SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS 0020 SAMPLE DEPTH uN - mS/cmEC Pppm weightC % CEC Ca meq/100gr soi. Mg K cSi fSi Clay meg/100'EC.a)------METH PRETR P- A 20 0 45. -, 5.2 4.7 0.0 21 0.1 5.74.3 1.31.1 0.71,3 0.2 0.0 4749 26 2010 2621 2219 1813 3 6 4 1710 3931 110 50 130 70 4.75.0 4.34.6 0.0 1 0.10.2 6.28.3 1.4 1.8 0.10.2 0.0 5341 62 1312 25 1517 1113 56 34 2423 2433 H SoilE Survey of Botswana 135 150 FA i/011 0.0 1 0.1 4.3 0.6 1.5 0.1 0.0 51 9 1: 11 7 7 21 18 PrintH date: 03/05/89 FsR3,51.317 3ETERY,I1ATISS PRESTSS71,Er7: M31S0s,,'- E - 11v**.c,,Ict-or Mcrhf,d,- OrvPri* Sf*s*ar. Y * Free 1r00 Cxidei, P Pipctcc Ismcs3, C * 3A311**31*.iJ0* Fmn1471 S Solt A status : 2 Farna-,.'T...Cf S rat- aakir.q.:-al ra.l? a! - 'yea4.1) :4 C 20 - 40 C: 60 - 80 D: 140 - 160 Btl 15 0 cm. 85 - clay 120 - Sat date: 03/05/89 STANDARD SOIL A' SA/41'LEPROFILE DEPTH EC ME K Na ------PRETR ------PPTc weig1lt meq/100gr soil ES cSi fSi Clay meq/100grCECclay IETH 20 0 4015 6.2 5,6 0.0 13 0.20.3 2.8 1.4 2.71.8 0.2 0.0 7169 3 11 1213 19 14 67 43 30 2719 H 0 60 80 6.4 5.5 0.0 1 0.1 3.8 2.83.5 00.2 0.0 69 3123 10 9 131914 10 4 4 46 23 H 0 as DETE2 0.0 7,8 Print da'4.. DLL?sFI4t _ Profile: L 0902 Unitl D05b Statu,

525bi. g L" : AGRO CLiM.ZONE: 1E3 CIASSIFIC.tTLINAUT1-nP.,S).LOCAT.L.NSi= F1' (1'-'18; :43,1.6'01 hyperr,be,-mic le:TrC*011.- 2:00_1 -:1- ELEVATION ustic : 1215m SURF.TOPOGRAPHY.:LANDFORm CHAR: eently pediale/..t qe.4-liz-4E, MICROLAND ELEMENT TOPOGRAPH" SLOPE?iSITION: lower slope : 3 - ; straight SPECIESLAND USE: : tra,liti--nal - rid ttr100'0:-tf salt subs, heterocantha VEGETATION: den GRASSCOVER: 10 - 30 MATERIAL: OraLse.--;Shrub3 f - ROCK GEOL-T: Transvaal supergroup 110I5T.ERe970NSURF .COND: STCNES: moder. - 'TM- 710?; : well drained SAMPLES:REMARKS: USDA Pedro no Az 0 - 5 -. 5- 30te FAO 60 D: 60-90 tccording to field E: text1 91 -m50 fa, a Bt. 5 cm non .0 /A-0; stnay Loan. 0tais fine say,- ard tire pores, dedinr, satan F0 'e, o's0: -4 4. _ - - clearhard friabi swot )undary. Btl 0° sarr, t0,t7, lbs,k rest. er7 f":.OP and 49 :0,ydrs5 bsba,y.:;_sr don selbarstd,s, br ,-i. _ k ;c /_-iff-,so-nor, wavy plastic,boundary. broken thin Bt2 33 -.7-, - .5; 4 Jr .LaL o3d sdniy LOO sear. 'very csarse cotana co nndra r-ot, few very fine and fine roots, Bt3 64 - 150 cm "1 1 7. _ bandy Loare, weak very roatso e f.ctr :10:s Lsr at.4 5e5003,srdstes 5v. Opeof:de. sdtdde--1,.. 10 few very fine and fine print date: 26/05/89 roots, STANDARDPRO.' SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS SAK7 - 1120 CaCL2 mS/cmEC PPmP C CEC Ca meq/100g Mg K Na igh vfS %) cSi fSi Clay ------meq/100grCECclay N.E11, A 50 30 5 5.95.8 5.24.9 0.0 2 0.40.8 3.83.3 1.61.3 0.60.4 0.7 0.0 7664 2 13 7 11 9 1917 20 69 86 2218 10 1 6030 9060 6.66.3 5.75.6 0.0 2 0.2 3.73.3 1.31.7 0.6 0.40,6 0.0 6288 57 1317 10 9 17 1917 86 4 2522 12 SoilE Survey of 90 6.8 8.96.0 0.1 2 0.10.2 3.f3.6 1.5 0.8 ° 4 75 17 ------11 16 1814 6 45 2420 14 PART.SIZE DETEI. .o0T/85/011:METHOD: H 05/892w-or-7ater NioIr 3 3r-n N - None -Pp o + -4 m -^ SOIL PPOqiiE Of=i1RjYT77n ^. -- -A - A __ `v. --4 Profile:- es L p0o8 a A V- iluits: DO/ m 0 S7arda: A _ LT: ; 25130.2 :H 01,1Z : AGRO CLIM.ZONE: 1E3 CI_A!z;:.10qi!,TPBOlifS)TL0CATIOI!Ea-ET lnafc.k: 6,J an FAA: 7E7 kcrisol(1988) Ferric Luvistil (1974) gkR0; 25 ELEVATION aridic to ustic : 1097 m TOK.X;PAPI-7v:LANDFCRM undila p7 a: s:aaling. r-g Pa7(als1-7_1fraracPs, caracs7r..-, t C;17.. L2JT ; SLOPEPOSITION: slope : 1 convex Lia211)SURE. CHA,k:USE: n sAld, VEGETATTON: , GRASSCOVER: - SPECIES : Treasdrylaoa lamina - Rtot-r. anm 7.1(2 Pappe., dapensisipuminr.anara ?AkEUT r14,7.E9,Lf.'1.. COND: dry O Grp sa. f 7r - 160 cal - ROCK TYPE: -1-7'7 DRAINAGEGEOL.UNIT: : well drained Transvaal supergroup REMARKS:STRFSGThflr;; S'D-WES: Augering none from 100 cm. Classufucation between Acrisols and Luvisols, PBS ir Btl ROCK OUTCR(.: 50%. Alternative classification Haplic HUMAN DIY: nil kt; 0 - 20 B: 20 - Bunindary caseC.: 80 - 100 D: 130 - 150 Acr-isol 20 cm pl. , OYE L weak calcareous, 20 - 40 e ,P SMOCtr, dr:%, loamy sand, vr-77 .ndymooth bound:, loam, w( pate -ans, few fine pores, 'isle pores, non 0t2 40 - 110 cmYET, 4;:r; ;:nolft) asa 7 '.Yr, 5/8 , .arfly cla; !arn,waaktdiumandcos : a moderately thick

5 p(are,, 0c,o. c ararui : Eit3 110 - 160 c nottles, sandy r a, hard, non ------print date: 26/05/89 STANDARD------SOIL A N A '.SIS RESULTS CA16.13; PH ... 0- 20 5.5 4., 0.0 2 5.0 20 5.34,7 4,34-7 0.0 1 4.47.7 2.3 1.80.4 0.20.2. 0.3 6045 80 1417 3137 1216 5 54 3116 2120 5.0 4.7 0.0 1 0.2 8.6 3.0 2.1 02 0.3 65 9 - 0 - 14 29 9 zed - Li m g 5 'Hp m 4 v 3 , ______-__-__-_------_--_----- , SCRIPTION ------_--_---- Profi: s: .091 Unit: GOla Status: 3 SIEET : 2SkEisi ,3,1- CIANSIETUATIONAUTUCE(7A),TAT70, b:: T .D Matti-at 5.5 km Eh: FaGt S-ta;n-. 153S Eutric Pn:,! "974) lithic pe EACUtc 25.2f st. t ut :- AGROSKR:ELEVATION CLIM.ZONE: ustic 1E3 : 1311 m TEIT-0,72,APHY:ITEHL,20-13t, lata 57t tutu ists- Et:r13 Ttout:1 tt:ottE.nr :AY: :A SL.,DPEPOSMCJN: : 2 - LAY3SURE. USECHA2: no rAmil :6, LO appuuttt lunagtuArr ovuttm - :to ttatutu nil evidencu - VEGETATE ...anna GRASSCOVER: ?AttEW.TCPECSEU 11ATEPIAu. an tuts ma.tertuut Urattes;utrte-SLC,7,2TZ,,CF Atutio stusllio nerocantha (dor ) erioloba ?lass Lancea ROCKGrew, GEOL.UNIT: Ba ut complex Ln RWARKS:EROEEE:NtiOTUT. OCtqu iznns tty t 3: ou ROCK HUMANDRAINAGE INF: ni- : we. :raid SAM1 ; 0- 20 -*, 5 a s- r-- :f _Is, common ;irP, w sandy loam, - 7 1 , slight aard, common pores, :may 'ron-mang print date: 03/05189 ------STANDARD SOIL AN RESULTS SA1. ------DEPTH 0091 R20pH ET. vt ------CECclay PRr.-TR A 6.0 5.2 u.o 2 O 3 14 11 27 3 11 2'... H RMINATION PRETREATMENT:FAO/BOT/85/011 ------METHOD: 0H tLPat17t.t __lts N - Nene Print date: 03/05/89 Z4z5D-, .7..=-1 mail; AGROELEVATION . 12:=2NDFORYaLAS:2FT SMR: ratio LLITD - spd'is, Acacia eoba Acacia tortilis subsa heteroc-- GRASS : 10 % T.T.!JSIr IRR1ANDRAIN. [led supergr: i41 se and common ------print date: 03105/89 - I - L T S Na A 0 10 5.3 4.7 2 0.2 7 11 7 19 19fSi 33 on20 on40 5.2 o 4.5 0.2 10.2 8.6 4.1 2.4 0.1 0.1 6 12 9 1418 1112 9 11 3928 2228 .MkaNATION ma FAO/WT/85[011 PRETRIWYOTT: 14=11.0D: ------uble Salts N - None na Status: 1

naannann: ann 10 50 - 9.5 95 - 125 1SR Ap 0 A 11 _ - Et!. 33 51 - 97 cm fine and fine roots, 5t3 97 - 180 cm STANDARD SOIL ANA] = SULTS METE PRETR A 0 10 5.9 4.5 0.0 3 0.2 3,9 1.9 0.6 0,4 0,0 74 7 29 20 18 8 2 2 15 21 CrLJI C 3512 5030 5.9 4.84.5 0.00,0 3 0.2 4.7 2.21.8 0.61.1 0.0.4 7068 17 2127 2119 2118 11 9 2 2 23 1917 2123 o 55 95 5.6 4.7 0.0 2 0.2 4.5 LS 1.8 0.4 82 9 2312 1721 2118 8 32 2 23 16 o !7.5 5.65.8 4.7 0.0 2 1 0.2 6.96.4 1.4 2.62.2 0.0.4 A A 6462 86 17 15 18 1113 2 2 2726 2322 Oo ..,.. 0 0.1 v mo 5,1 m 1.2 2.1 0.4 cm- 73 10 20 17 17 10 2 2 22 21 PART .5 SENT:PHOD , None SOIL PROFILE DEE ------0004 Unit: SIO Status: 2 SHEFT 52577. ------,4.17-1(0 (37.LM.2-AS: 1E3 aUTBOR(S):CLASSIFICMONLOCATION T.D.Maf,irok KM FAO:3E Ot,,e. Az-eui-Ferric A.Pelzmeizws..=: K.Rgarane Arenic Ferric Luvisc - I- ' 25-45-40-EEVATL0N SMR: ustic 1066 m Ii,NDFORM : hill FT fm2f, POSITION: lower slope LANDSUP:P. j5E:, CHAR: POGRAPHY: undulaciec m-- -e sligh: -rad. _rind fmrminga avona: saanfaaafmg9vaa Mffm,arfaxam ail aailerme Axacfa affmajaa fr =EA.. GRASSCOVER:SLOPE : 004 - 004% convex SPECIES imcaxaaaftShmabnTrees - 71/4roirz-11 EfElonE7 mraffara 7nff= 42:31 21121- MOIST.PARtTP CONO:HATERIAI, aninv c=cf (-) 191. mo XEEINACE Waterbergsomewhat supergroup excessively drained EROSIONSURF.STONES: EKS: ar.1)gnr rond 1:,ear50%, alternativo rr-rirl, classification:Ar nc Acr- HUMAN 1 SAMPLES: - 17 B: " 50 SO

. a calcareous, abundant Bt1 17 - 0 - 70 17cm cm very7.5YR fine mmiA fine roots, clear smoothavc 5TVIx 41f fE2-52 sarmvand 7.5YR lEam 4/4.5 (dr 7 22v 22,E 7 fine pores, I(t2 70 - 190 cm -47Av22f,EF 74f 3f4 almarov-f= and 42? 4f9fine 2329), rt -- dmaE 7vmotc 7 v==.Efnv2. mA=m, rnmr na2n fvfmax,í 2-29famm mnry f aa 7--' print date: 26/05/89 ------S T A N T S PH EC CEC Ca ------Na PBS D--."^' viS cSi fSi Clay mecii100gr tEni PRETR A 4.75.5 4.5 0.0 2.85.2 00, 0-5 0.3 29 18 30 2518 1316 67 34 12 8 4013 0.0 2.8 0.6 2 20 28 17 10 5 ID 3 o 15 Ln PART.:41 Print------date: 26/05/89 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEETS

59 Table I LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEE SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BOT/85/011 location:Notwane dam ill sheet: Gaborone date:2- agro-climatic zone: mapping unit: A13a author: J. Ate chataeterir,ticqq' alluvial terLace remarks: FAi? Lous,11

ST ! dic Ue

LAND USI? TYPE D PtIE TY LAND ))'a TYPE: JrIgetw, irrig, tradi owItipo

or-Jr cron

!,4471 t',TOALST S ?, 'irfloacb

YOAFv2.0"o

j 6apogrr,.ph

, land drainab. -d

CUURM salvt.raLTy

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60 Ta LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWd, /85/011 locationtS,S Ea3tof Gaborone South sheet: Gaborone . 18/1/88 DL - Lobatse agro-climatic zone: Gaborone mapping unit: A13a author: J. Huesken site characteristics: in ,iepression,:', and lower_ part of complf,,x remarTF. 7AO Pellic Vortison,vivtly sodi,7

. Tvvic elluscert in3,-,0,1,-.3.0(s. A30:7,, and A4d,v4Lcikare on higher positions

PF: LAM) USE TYPE: D USE TYPE: sc. Irrig tradit molapo iupnved traditiunn dryisnd fa inr:,

k.:DE iR 'IWO i :7,0, 1.,,,,, l'',...,,.7..,(.,,,,,,i, Dk ,k,'..i.1, o:°4,4 1::' 7,.im.4 stiy'sAt's LANn qi1ALITY : Y 's YOF4 1: t11-47°Y;s""- ssss'" s, ' 14 -1: s " I747(4::" 4^4-41 fvfff

t t 4 's evi,p

snss4S1 :: ÌYÌÌ:

rf M

Avlfffff.f,f1.Pttlff

" ' f

:'f,"f1f,ff

s s

7 Yi°,14ÌtkissYSY: Y41;:ii: U S , 1-00tnf f fff , ' :3,,'',---. "17.-7,,, J4,,-.7" - ,,,' " F - -- - ,,, , , , , i 1 t, votar:k.,, . ..

' , i 7 ,: , ... .s -

á topo.A1701:t7 xi., r;," ; ,

; lir, _ é

J., .1Y i sl 4:::is: r.' u:'st°^ F7 L c ,n - ''' 1 - °- - - -

CfL'RRE;¡,417 LAND SIITT,.6.051L7

R AaVO

14.Ìi .4° %CA°. 4 ull,s4.:4nfl'slutsCu.4'tsts,' s S ,tormc0t. C C t D M Aj r

iAD 3JITA2ILI1'Y Tabl LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA ROT/85/011 locationTC T,,/n¡Itriver sheetGaborone date : 18 /1 /88 Ti '01) t mapping unit :A13a author :J. Hue ctlv clict ten uy ot JfLoorE remarks z t ','411. dd.d sds,'; s , vilrveni i opti. 1;s0, ti

nrr: ..,,.41T1Ilf,F,TA-f.:17 '1 ,,,,tto'..),-.,,°'7-,:'1F.., 2 firy,e ut:i!-:rig. .i.. 1, A 3 rI 7. 1 .il.,t,.,'.-4: 'L ad i L 's, r a1 , ,i ,, ., -, 'Jr? land

._,,,,,...... c.,.., ,' `,..r"-T) t t :k1:1 L';`,., .:-:t1.1,.& ,.,'rri.,7 ,014 ,1,,,1, ; ' 1

`,1

:.1

J il li

, O 11 ' 12

1 '1

11 2 1 1

'121

sil

s'hksr, ss's Ssd ss

d+ 1

roidddivIvd d d " °

yro 41

isdAi.d y

' , y4,t A

;.i4V:d,10.0,),11z:y

Iss

2612201 s t sd, ' , 51, , disoi 2 2 , d111 o o so ,

22,2 " ,111V,1-T';

62 Tab- LAND SUITABIL LASSIFIGATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA Dar, location:SE one sheet: Gaborone date:18' agro :ic mapping unit: A4b chstatetOtico: autrem Lts;

A I k A30

1.1Sq °Lcr:( hturrvec, t',7nd;t1,0t. farT1 7rop

is.1+ 1 ' o

.1'

63 Ti

LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BOT _ location:SED, valley flor- leng River sheet: Gaboror- date:1811/80 agro-climatic zone: mapping unit: author: J. Huesken sito

¡ir.rt i4.-11 , , 0) remarks: F,W ST T7pic o:7.3(it

7.; TY0F,t k,kFOY,, Iccrtqr, ' 7.,rV lir3Noqedt. traditirua_^tt 1r1r71a,7r1 farTtanE

, .0. y ... . , ..a...., ly WO/ , ,, ,, y elt op \,' f, t,hY;9 gUALITN' 1) F, 1 ;3. T t; , 4' o . ,,,-.(, N,,,,)0,e1,,,kwh

4 .1 ii ,isl'il ..T. 1...'. 121 Ti...c, -' i.i.i '',' ' " S "'- '

1 C ;':',.'t s ,Icr,

t ,

os-e,,oik.,,,Q - "

1 0 r'

y tof,!,-4aphff.

1 as.w,4411:,%.!

;i:i;otI i

,ROVEME

»rì"";!,P,"'L N7 UTITARTIJTV

64 ILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BONITA:NAB( location:S] valley floors south of Gabs sheet: Gaborone date, /88 agro-climatic zone: C Jne mapping unit: A7 author: J. Huesken aiLT, chataoteriss: margina] k' ic1p,r of',H4I2E-y remarks: , pa.1Y W iV7? T

,r.,;4)13 (,eArt `jY, 11SE1"il" ".

t 11°' . ",

."1

"S1

"k.

"rk

,Olo'lny on' "o

, "vg

r o -1,1TAH17,

t Of°,5°, oo O' 2CO

""".";."±

65 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA locatiool ,) sheet:(2,, d 1 Agro-c1m mapping ..9 author: J. remarks:' vn C"'7

'WO

66 Table 8 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BOT,' floo- lower foot- sheet: Gaborone date:211 pe ihwti'n4 Oat' mapping unit: All author- J. Huesken cdte. characteries: narts

TYPEs

P,WV,T7

river valley's and

,e0TEVI'Lej,

67 Table 9

LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA location:SED, Eac Ga sheet: Gaborone date: agro-climatic zol mapping unit: A30a author:J. Hue rcH remarks:

11$

'11

,`,1',"171?

11 Table 10

LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA Fi 0 T / 85 / 0 -I 1 location:SED, valley floors Taung river sheet: Gaborone date: 22/1/88 agro-climatic une: Gaborone mapping unit: A31a

uthor: Hue sken site chatazLerlRtics:luweL poc Y (nicaiecni F c)of remarks: c 1 evsol ( pa'Lily T Th;()LcHaplenquepc se-1-1 A4

LAND 03E Irr'k, LW 'Pr77, 1S3F, larAeRC .txr1 mproved Lvaditl t'aLNin..;

op ortYp t 4 J 1.v kiru

;

V 1

' JJ 711,, 7-",

° -otber- see -- rIrr'nr"v-fN', ;VOTANULITV

69 Table 11

LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA /011. Aocat,tonSEC', sheet: Gaborone dat 7a714s77i mapping unit: A34 author: harttrteft9t, remarkE

70 Tab: LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA 11( location:SED. East of ane Siding sheet: Gaborone date: agrr mapping unit: Al aut:

rem s , Lk' '

W.r0 ,r"%rr eri'

, ,'- :": , '1' '', '' :

1 1

k 'T.

71 Table

LAND SUITAB' ;IF SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA location:SEI sheet: G dat agro-clim=t mapping author: .1 e remarks:

, 11

72 TY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTWANAR terrain sheet: Gaborone datu one mapping unit: Dla )ils

" n:

73 ASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVE SWA

74 Tab

LAN LOLSSIFIGATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BC- loc errain sheet: Gat Dne datel mapping

0;tplv,

rt:

" 1 t ;

u;,^

11 1

7 6 IlEET o sheet: datE /88 map!" - D7d

t't"

77 OWE' '""

I'' 9

h I h

79 Footf

80 Table 22 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BOT/85/01 1 location:SED, around Lobatse & Gaborone sheet: Gaborone date:28/1/88 agro-climatic zone: Gaborone mapping unit: Gla author: J. Huesken site characteristics: shallow soils on undulating to rolling terrain

remarks: FAO : Eutric Regosol, lithic phase

ST : Lithic Ustorthent often in complex with Glc/G2d or R

LAND USE TYPE: ILAND USE TYPE: LAND USE TYPE: largesc. irrig. tradit molapo improved tradition& dryland farming crop cro LAND QUALITY CDERTNG Sorg Maize Douch Sorg. IMaize 08 accessibility a 1 Si Si Si correct temp. regime 2 S2 S2 S soil drainabilityd N/A resistance to erosion e 4 S4 S4 S4 absence ot damag- ing floods Si Si S conditions ot germination si si S moisture availability 6 N2 N2 S4 nutrient availability S2 S3 S2 oxygen availability o 1 Si Si Si absence ot pests p 1 S1 S1 si availability ot water of good N/A quality toothold tor roots S3 S3 absence ot toxic substances 1 Si Si Si workability 3 53 53

adequacy of X topography XII N/A XII adequacy ot flooding N/A land drainability z N/A

CURRENT LAND N2m N2m S4m SUITABILITY

REMARKS

POTENTIAL LAND SUITABILITY

81 Table 23 LAND SUITABILITY CLA:SS:,..11a&IION SUET SOIL MT/85/011

location:SED around 1,,f)a.3 and 'abo one sheet: ( one date:28/1/88 agro-climatic zone: Gaborone pping unit: Glc eolthor: J. Huesken site characteristics: stony shallow soils on undulating to rolling terrain remarks: FAO Eutric Regosol, shallow petric ST Littic Ustortrk comi:Je7L

USE U:_%L! 1nzg c riv vv,1T iiipiö'c tra0,1tic.n4 Edrylare farrLiw,

1 cru c,ro QUALTT'Y ODEI ETNG Sorg HA ze Douch Sorge 1ize 0 accessiaTITT a!-T---1-7T---- 77 S18-- 1 correct temp. regime soil driansbility d rirdasrzlince ct:1Rior

r kl 1.1a4' V iii(517;1,";LIT

!'tiAi`lb2tzt avafIR'r/I.J:Aw oxygen avuilabillty abeenccor-Feats p _1

a 1.71-:NT7517-- wntet. ,7:4:gobd q i A quaiiq'

TECITE-61-8nix roots 52 absencW-BT-E3Rlo substanoes wcrOility S7- ouquiricrur topography XI -71 ird-eTquacy of flooding NIA

-777,

CURRENT LAND S4m/ N2m S3e Lobatse SUITABILITY N2m Gaborone REHARKS--See kTpendix B.

POTENTIAL LANDSUITABILITY1

82 Table 24 SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANABOT/85/011 location7qED, around Hildavale sheet: Gaborone date:28/1/88 agro-climatic zone: Gaborone mapping unit: Gld author: J. Huesken site characteristics: remarks: FAO : Ferric Luvisol ST : Oxic Paleystalf (former B3a unit)

LAND USE TYPE: ILAND USE TYPE: LAND USE TYPE: largesc. irrig. tradit molapo improved tradition& dryland farming crop crop LAND QUALITY CDE RTNG Sorg MaizeDouch Sorg. Maize OS accessibility a si si S1 correct tamp. regime 2 S2 52 S1 ITarZFITET51.11tdY NJA resistance to erosion 3 S3 S3 S3 absencc of damaz- ing floods Si SiSi conditions ot uermi tion Si Sl 51 moisture availabi/ity 4-5 S4/N2 NZ S3 nutrient availability SI 52 Si avahability Si Si S1 7Biïpati-7 Si Si WaralgliTyof water :f good N/A quality TFEEE5TH-ror rootn S2 absence-Tif-TB subetanceR. S4

%foal= . 2 52 aaequacy of XI topography XII N/A XII Wai4UNEY ot floodiz y N/A

1=1-aTiM-51111E--aYzN/A

: T LAND S4m,t/ N2m Lobatse SUITI ITY N2m Gaborone

REMARKS See Appendix B.

POTENTLAL LAND SUITABILITY

83 LAM SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET On SURVEY BOTSWA. 7/011 location:SED sheet: Gaborone dat:29/1/88 agro-cl tic zone: Gaborone ping unit: G2d avIthor: J. HueFke s.17:tktch&razteristice:

: Ferri(: Luvisol, petri:: or petrofer:ri: ST ! Oxic Paleystalt in romp) t rC..1

CSZ,' W%S rYPE: large sc, tdc:ttl improved tradition& Orylandfarmit3 cro QUALITY C Ma Bauch Sorg, os access y Si Si correc p. regLm soil

Te-WITITancoTT5------erosion auSaTATTa dW in,r7 floods Sj S1

7:BHUITITins germinatiun ! Si Si aeirsEure avaiiabiiit7 I12 rtilLuf 3 S2

1 abse t6 T,

xfontLnes., VaTETEIII v 7 TUT.7)v.onT. tol,ogroH, N /

CURRENT D 11721v SUITABILiTY

EMARKS See Appendix B.

POTENTIAL A11SUITABILITY'

84 Table 26 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANABOT/85/01 1 location:SED East of Kgomokasitwa sheet: Gaborone date:29/1/88 agro-clu:tic zone: Gaborone mapping unit: G2f authorJ. Huesken site characteristics: remarks: FAO : FerricLuvisol, etric or petroferric phase ST : OxicPaleustalf West of Hildavale in complex with Gld-la

LAND USE TYPE: ILAND USE TYPE: LAND USE TYPE: large sc. irrig. tradit molapo improved tradition* dryland farming crop crop LAND QUALITY CDERTNG Sorg MaizeDouch Sorg. Maize os FEEFIFITEFEEEtT----TE 1 Si Si S1 correct temp. regime 2 S2 S2 Si soil drainability d. NJA resistance to erosion e 3 S3 S3 S3 absence ot damag- ing floods 1 Si S1 conditions ot ge SI Si moiature availability 5 N2 N2 nutitt availability 52 oxy un ava lability o Si pestsp.-17 -ST Si ava water of good q NJA quality no o or roots r 7 Si 52 TNTFEEF-IFFTEirE--- substances t I S1 21 wor a y 52 WEENEETIEF----7T- topography xII N/A ^7 XII WEWEITIZZTr o flooding y N/A land drainability z N/A

CURRENT LAND N2m N2m S3e, SUITABILITY

REMARKS

POTENTIAL LAND SUITABILITY

85 Table 27 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BOT/85/011 location:Northern Part of SED sheet: Gaborone date:28/1/88 agro-climatic zone: Gaborone mapping unit: G6a author: J. Huesken site characteristics:

remarks: FAO : Ferric Luvisol, partly petroferric phase

ST : Oxic Paloustalf

LAND USE TYPZ: 'WD USE TYPE; lar qe sc. irr edit molapo improved traditiona_ dryland fa ng cro LAND QUALITY CDT: RTNG Scr Ma1zeDouch accessibility s71. isl

F.vmp, vogiv3 soii drainability7e

11",'"Vn '

;

, A

%net,

workability N' ... LATiquacy ,a- topogrn'rb:c tI r7, ) ;. Tdequao-q 717 Clo.77dio:g ;1 19;

IIHT7TTiniBITTETV 140, y-

S 3m 54m S2m,m

NEI-LARKS x B.

POTENTIAL LAND SUITABILITY1

86 Table 28 LAND ;37ITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOIL SURVEY BOTSWANA BOT/85/011 lorlti ED Otse Hill sheet: Gaborone date:0612/88 agro-climatic zone: Gaborone pping unit: :.71 r!tt!'rsr:J. Huesken site characteri

As: YAO : Arenic FerricLoviso Oxic PalustpJf

USE TYP13; LIM) C^71. VOr: LAND USE TY? . argeRC.irrig. trad_l'; mol.,3po

rç

WALIT7 CJ) RTNG ° Sozg MalzeDouchi Zorg. os ac T- correc. reg.:me SZ 5?

so , ra na iiity a res s ance erosion e T5T6Ere0' CA 14 ing floods vrmination

7-571-6F7R7 4 Flurfaxir- availabil:Uy Q l 3

er Jabilicy 0141enve (17pss, r T:V4IIWZIT'ql,'of- q1AJIL.i

- oo.AACOC 1 wor a

V5-17flioeor

LaeLluiv.1? ST land- arainaia

C ENT SUITABILITY

RECOMMENDED LrROVFXENTS

87 Table 29 LAND SUITABILITY CLASSIFICATION SHEET SOILsummYBOTSWANA BOT/85/011 location:SED sheet: Gaborone date:6/2/88 agro-climatic zone: Gaborone mapping unit: R author: J. Huesken sitecharacteristics: Very shallow soils on steep ridges and escarpments ' I ;rks: Not suitable for any kindon arable farming.

USE TYPEE USEYPA: USE TYPE: sc. trsdit mo1apo op crop MaizeOcur.:17 Sorg. 1 Nis i% o Tees ..1.7

correc:-T-emp, gime

OrNtif)0

Pit.:114t71:1:Ne

'A - --- . gggg

),;"Parf:01:-.3.

iiii77.7T6117777T-- 0,

tf.17}agraPAy

adequac, fic,edirt"R Y! rig-0-7170rEUTYTty

CURRENT LAND SUITABILITY

REMARICS

POTENTIAL

88 APPENDIX 3: CALCULATION OF MOISTURE AVAILABILITY RATING

89 -H

1.1 1

t°°''t '

, x E LOili1110

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I ü

,11

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17,1 11 r.../ I Y, °

t L, 1;) j4o, rj) t--4

, t ' 44 '.7) U) 0.) 'i".1

0 'y 3 idr---tr r (I C.- O ---- .°-; Cif) 111 'r t '4 I 42! if) r1 (7.1 !;) r i tr.' ps cis AL. s-71 (.)sj (24 ) L.) C: I 0 U !-4 «-I r'..) I. O 0 $4 r.r./ 0.1 rd Col fa 0 CO W (1) ;Lj

(0,r,1 17i rn -44 1:4 t-- c,":, FT.! g4 g4 g4 g4 g4 4 90 3,ATING 5 Soil tf)

, 0.6 r PM' k o ,

":" , q. 4 klk, 01,4 (2 ; t't,'

7 Z.,,.;

t.1 (st ,t,:', ,, "J k44';'d Ly,k 0,1 °-1 LI, ,:,','',sd

4 .1.1 a , ) ! '.,,

T H W 's,S) ak u) (r1; 01J., St° 44, (41(:'3(1.1 (2.,

ls rn

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7/89- .05 M