------

McGill ) since 2010 #3.2017 #2 . 2016 #2 . www.jhr.ca

OS Particularly inspiring were classes on British and Lat and British on classes were inspiring Particularly the that ensure to works Rights Human for Journalists I can date my interest in media development to my His my to in media development interest my date I can N continually contested through critical analysis. This left me with me left This critical analysis. through contested continually collective shape narratives historical the way of understanding an culture, informs understanding historical how of and consciousnes possibility. future sense of our grounds and Elizabeth Professors by respectively taught History, in American a nu brought Both professors LeGrand. Catherine Elbourne and Both their teaching. empha to narrative historical viewanced of leg the post-colonial of the impact of consideration sized careful societies. and individuals “discovered” of rights acy the human on since I have that rigour analytic a fact-driven both imparted And match. to hard worked andthe Dem Sudan ,South historyplaces of in like draft first a rig based solidly fact. is For on the Congo of Republic ocratic so is journalism fact-driven vital to why of understanding orous to History of Department McGill’s I have development, democratic thank. Rachel Pulfer graduatedClass Joint from Honours McGillical undergraduate Science University in 1997.with degree Shea First in then HistoryJournalism earnedworked and a at PolitBachelor Ryerson at Journalists ofUniversity Appliedand for as theHuman Artsin ExecutiveToronto. Rights @Rachel_PulferShe Director ( has since 2011. She is on Twitter at and other influential stakeholders accountable to to constitu their accountable stakeholders influential other and by that is operations, of seen, in 15 years I have what And ents. raise to possible is it their game, raise to journalists with working in and inspire can journalists trained of A cohort everyone else’s. by thing do theright to authorities local international duce and else can. nothing that in a way their constituents, Political and in History degree a joint I took McGill. tory at degree – the attention truly grabbed that my History was it Science. But is that narrative a collective facts into gathering act of rigorous ------12-13 Student Association News Association 12-13 Student History Public Research 14-15 Outreach, and Student and Gifts16 New Initiatives 8-9 Department Books the Lagoon on 10-11 Resurrecting Life My name is Rachel Pulfer and and Rachel is Pulfer name My ournalism, as the saying goes, is goes, is the saying as ournalism, live, We History. of draft the first which era in jour in an however, based in Toronto. The non-profit non-profit The based in Toronto. of working journalists in print me in print journalists working of 55,000 diathein from declined US Can 32,000 in 2015. In in 2007 to job suffered have titles ada, print 63% between 20% and losses of also feel Broadcasters 2010. since social as the media pinch, compa absorb technology giants nies and revenues. advertising Jour of director the executive I am (JHR), Rights a Human for nalists organization media development nalism is under siege. The number number The siege. under is nalism J VI V

V I

IX

I II

X

X I I

Classical Studies Department of History and Magazine of the

X

I

I

HRO

Magazine of the Department of History & Classical Studies

X

I I

I I

X

Rachel Pulfer (BA'97) on Journalists for Human Rights (BA'97) on Journalists Rachel Pulfer

I

I , Kinshasa

X

I

I

X

I

I

X

I I

s

I

I

I

V

I

V

V

I

I

V

V

I At such a time, reliable, credible information is ever harder ever harder is information credible reliable, a time, such At

Rachel Pulfer with

L’Observateur

Jean-Pierre Seke, Editor of

eading the History of Panama goal is to give voice to the marginalized, while holding governments governments while holding the marginalized, to voice give to goal is agenda in Jordan; and restored full-time policing to the remote re full-time the remote to policing restored and in Jordan; agenda end The Ontario. Lake in Northern Constance of serve community ria and Ghana; put accountability for honour crimes on the public the public crimes on honour for accountability put Ghana; ria and nese People’s Liberation Army accountable for rape as a weapon of of a weapon as rape for accountable Army Liberation nesePeople’s in Libe staffed properly are clinics and ruralwar; hospitals ensured JHR trainers have mentored have held soldiers in the South Suda thein South soldiers held have mentored have trainers JHR its job, democratic deficits emerge. Founded in 2002, JHR aims to aims in 2002, JHR Founded emerge. deficits democratic job, its Stories issues. rights human cover to ability journalists’ strengthen do to empowered not when media weak And is and by. come to last year 72 journalists lost their lives. lost 72 journalists year last contributed to, estimates that only 13% of the globe now enjoys true enjoys the globe 13% of now only that estimates to, contributed Index, Freedom Press the 2016 World to According freedom. press fear of their lives. Freedom House’s most recent report, which JHR report, recent most House’s Freedom their lives. of fear northern . Current projects target South Sudan, Syria and the and Syria Sudan, South target projects northern Canada. Current in work journalists - all where places Congo of Republic Democratic trains journalists in post-conflict Africa, in post-conflict journalists in Middleand trains the East,

Congratulations & News Congratulations Note from the Chair from Note

New Face Providing Sanctuary:Providing John Surrot

IN THIS ISSUE

6-7 4-5 3 2 R 2 Note From the Departmental Chair by David Wright

am delighted to welcome you to the third annual edition of Chronos, the newsletter of the Department of History and Classical Studies. I would like to take this time to give my heartfelt thanks to the two editors - Elizabeth Elbourne and Lorenz Luthi - as well as to Siddhant Talwar, for stellar work on layout, and to Kathleen Holden of the Faculty of Arts and Negar Adibpour for invaluable aid and design Iassistance. The forthcoming year is a particularly auspicious one, as we welcome three new faculty members: Kristy Ironside (Russian History); Heidi Wendt (Religions of the Ancient World); and Don Nerbas (Canadian-Scottish Studies). They join an engaged and passionate group of faculty members who aspire to the highest standards of teaching, research and community service. The department hosts a number of events open to the public throughout the year, including a Homecoming Lecture and Reception (to be given this year by the Department's own Brian Lewis), the Cundill Book Prize Lecture (delivered by last year’s award winner, the eminent historian Thomas Laqueur), a library lecture series, multiple book launches, and a number of more specialized seminar speakers. For more information, please see https://www.mcgill.ca/history/talks-events, and to join the Friends list and receive news and announcements, please see https://www.mcgill.ca/history/outreach-donate/friends

I invite you to read on, and to share in the activities and achievements of the Department of History and Classical Studies.

David Wright is Chair of the Department of History and Classical Studies and a McGill alumnus

Reading the History of Landscapes and Peoples on the Isthmus of Panama by Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert

eaching history in the field is somewhat unusual given our landscapes and cultures packed into this thin spine of land. discipline's emphasis on the written text. Nevertheless, Only the first day of the three-week course is spent in the moving out of the halls of the university is an opportunity classroom. At five the next morning, Hist 510 heads to the Caribbean Tfor students to learn about other modes and sites of research that can coast with its histories of imperial trade, slavery, maroons, and be used to understand the past. Every winter, 25 McGill undergrad- neo-African kingdoms. It then moves west to the mountains and uate students travel to Panama to participate in the long-standing forests of the indigenous Ngäbé and Buglé Comarca to explore Panama Field Studies Semester community histories of forests, agriculture and water. The course [https://www.mcgill.ca/pfss/panama-field-study-semester].In wraps up in the highlands of Veraguas, the site of remarkably addition to courses in Neo-tropical forest ecology, environmental vibrant campesino (peasant) cooperatives and their long tradition of management, tropical agriculture and human geography, the PFSS grassroots rural development and stewardship. curriculum includes a history course: The En- Along the way students are exposed to, vironmental History of Latin America (Field) and apply, the techniques of field archeology, [HIST 510]. Inspired by Brian Donahue's oral history, historical ecology, collabora- innovative field courses in rural Massachusetts tive research, repeat landscape photography, at Brandeis University, HIST 510 shows students basic cartography, field sketching and how to read the history of human-environment note-taking—all part of the tool kit of those relations in the Neo-tropics. interested in reading the history of human-en- The Isthmus presents a particular- vironment relations in the field. Students live ly dense historical terrain to explore. As the in tents and local homes. They walk a great land bridge between the two continents of the deal. They share their work and their off-time Americas and as a natural passage between the with people from the communities. They Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, it has been a zone have to watch out for snakes. They swim in of human passage and settlement for millennia. two oceans and multiple rivers. They help from Mesoamerica, the pan for gold. After three weeks, they return Caribbean and South America have all to Panama City, thoroughly exhausted, but passed through, and today eight distinct deeply marked by the history, landscapes nations occupy over a third of Panama's Planning research on the forest-history of the and peoples of this Neo-tropical society. territory, mostly in self-governed Comarcas Ngäbé community of Salto Dupí (provinces). With modern and trade Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert is a professor of Latin American and arrived Africans and Afro-Caribbeans, Europeans, Asians, and World History with a particular interest in the history of the Americans. These circulations produced a deeply layered and cos- environment, including the environmental impact of resource mopolitan history that is reflected in the high diversity of human extraction

CHRONOS McGill 2 No. 3, 2017 Congratulations & News

OUTSTANDING EMERGING RESEARCH: ALLAN DOWNEY Professor Allan Downey received a Principal’s Award for Outstanding Emerging Re- searchers at Convocation in June 2017 for his research on the historical experience of Indigenous nationhood within Canadian and international politics. Dr. Downey also won the 2017 Canadian Aboriginal History Prize from the Canadian Historical Association for his article, "Playing the Creator’s Game on God’s Day: The Controversy of Sunday Lacrosse Games in Haudenosaunee Communities, 1916-24, published in the Journal of Canadian Studies. GRADUATE STUDENT NEWS For her dissertation project on bilingual dictionaries in New France, Fannie Dionne received a Michael Smith Foreign Study Supplement from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada in order to work with Professor Gilles Havard at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales in Paris, and to conduct archival research in that city and in Rome. Courtney Krolikoski, who is working on a dissertation on the medical, religious, and social un- derstanding of lepers and leprosaria in Bologna, Italy from 1100-1350, was elected to serve a two-year term on the Graduate Student Committee of the Medieval Academy of America for the period of 2017-19. The committee promotes international and interdisciplinary exchange among graduate students in medieval studies, and provides guidance on research, teaching, Dr. Allan Downey and Principal Suzanne funding, networking, professionalization, and employment. Vincenza Mazzeo, who is writing Fortier, Convocation 2017 a dissertation on Medical Feminism and Women’s Health Activism in from 1982-2000, has been awarded the Media@McGill Arts Graduate Research Fellowship (2017-18) which will enable her to conduct interdisci- plinary research and public outreach on issues of alternative media, technology, governance, and feminist cultures. CONGRATULATIONS ON BOOK PRIZES Professor Laila Parsons has won a 2017 Distinguished Book Award from the Society for Military History for her book The Commander: Fawzi al-Qawuqji and the Fight for Arab 1914-1948 (New York: Hill and Wang, 2016). For his book Patrician Families and the Making of Quebec: The Taschereaus and McCords(Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2014), Professor Brian Young (emeritus) has received the 2016 Canada Prize in the Humanities, awarded by the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences for the best scholarly book in the humanities, and the 2015 Prix Lionel-Groulx de l’Institut d'histoire de l'Amérique française. RECENT GRANTS Among recent grant recipients, Professor Faith Wallis has been awarded a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Insight Grant (2017-20) for her project to edit the major medical writings of Master Bartholomaeus of Salerno, who flourished around 1150-70. His writings comprise commentaries on ancient Greek and Islamic medical texts called the Articella, which was used for teaching in Europe's first academic centres of medicine, and his handbook of therapeutics, the Practica. Professor Gershon Hundert is the co-recipient of a Dr. Judith Szapor major grant from the Rothschild Foundation (Europe) for the ongoing project "Recovering the Records of European Jewish Autonomy" (2017-19). The project includes a website with digitized versions of all surviving European Jewish communal record books from before 1800. FACULTY ON THE MOVE The Simon Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies in Vienna (Austria) has awarded Professor Judith Szapor a Senior Fellowship (January-May 2018) to work on her new project on the Hungarian numerus clausus law, the first case of racial anti-Jewish legislation in postwar Europe. Professor Gwyn Campbell has won a Humboldt Research Award (2017-19) for work on the history of human-environment interaction in the Indian Ocean World that challenges conventional Eurocentric historical temporal and spatial paradigms. He will spend prolonged periods in Halle, Germany, at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Area Studies, Martin Luther University, and as a fellow of the Max Planck Institute. Professor Robin D.S. Yates has been awarded a Senior Scholar Award by the Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation () for his sabbatical project “Qianling County, 222-209 BCE: Life in and under Qin Local Government” (2017-18), and a University Distinguished Fellowship at Baptist University of Hong Kong from August - December 2017.

Dr. Gershon Hundert 3 Providing Sanctuary: The Catholic Church, John Surratt & the US civil war

he offer of protection to individuals in the form of sanctuary is to work as a runner or messenger in the Province of Canada for a practice that dates in the Western Judeo-Christian tradition General Robert Edward Lee, the Confederate leader. John’s mother, to Biblical times, and was widely offered in the Middle Ages. Mary Surratt, ran a boarding house in Washington, DC, one that TIt is a practice that continues in the present day, most notably with was frequented by John Wilkes Booth, the man who shot and the declaration in recent years by hundreds of US municipalities, fatally injured President Lincoln on Good Friday, 14 April 1865. cities and states that they are sanctuary spaces. In Canada, the city Within days, notices had appeared indicating that John Surratt was of Montreal declared itself a “sanctuary city” in February 2017 to a suspected accomplice and that there was a bounty of $25,000 on support undocumented migrants. Rather than being a marginal his head. Surratt, who was in upper New York State at the time of the act of compassion, sanctuary is entwined with the very fabric of a assassination, heard news of the events in Washington and later saw community’s political life and signifies a great deal in terms of how a notice for his arrest. Surratt fled north, fuelling suspicion about loyalty and merit are understood. It is this relationship that is at the Canadian complicity in the assassination. heart of my current SSHRC-fund- President Andrew Johnson, who ed research that explores the assumed power after Lincoln’s death, history of sanctuary in Canada was one of the first to publicly suggest from the nineteenth-century to that Confederate agents were being the present. “harboured” in the Province of The politics of sanctuary Canada. In response, the Governor were in stark relief during the General Charles Monck promised American Civil War era as the his full assistance. Meanwhile, spon- conflict heightened the question taneous groups of vigilante citizens of loyalty and allegiance, impli- also organized themselves to patrol cating observers, sympathizers the border with the intention of ap- and participants in the Province prehending any suspected assassins. of Canada. An estimated 40,000 Despite their efforts, John Surratt British subjects volunteered on made his way to Montreal and arrived both sides of the Civil War. The in the city on 18 April 1865. Writing physical participation of British in his diary, Surratt noted that he was subjects was only one aspect of "[s]afe again on British soil, and under how the Province of Canada was the protection of a neutral power. It enmeshed in the conflict to the will give them some trouble to find south. The province was also a site me here, and still more to take me; but of Confederate refuge and plots to prevent accidental discovery I will to attack and disturb Northern disguise myself by dying my hair and forces, including the St. Alban’s staining my skin. I must remain here raid in 1864, which was designed “John H. Surratt, in his Canada Jacket”, Library of Congress, for a time, and when an opportunity to “embroil” the Province of c1868. This photo was taken after his return to the . offers sail for Europe." Canada in the conflict by under- Montreal soon became unsafe, and mining claims to official neutrality. Fleeing to Canada, the raiders Catholic supporters facilitated Surratt’s relocation to St. Liboire. It sought physical refuge as well as legal protection. In a critical ruling, was Surratt’s Catholicism, rather than his Confederate ties, that drew the justices determined that because the raiders or “soldiers” were supporters in Montreal. According to all available accounts, Father under Confederate orders, and because the Province of Canada Boucher did not know that Surratt was a wanted accomplice but was officially neutral, they could not be extradited to face criminal knew only that a Catholic American in ill-health needed to recover proceedings in the United States. Outraged, American representa- from his bouts of “chills”. Surratt spent most of his four months in tives described Montreal as a hub for “refugees from the South, too St. Liboire in hiding, “secreted in a dark room, from which he never cowardly to stay at home and fight.” The Province of Canada had came out except a few times, when he would go out late at night and become a physical refuge for Confederates and their supporters as take a walk.” Midway through the summer, Boucher’s young maid well as a legal one. discovered Surratt hidden away in the back room when she peeked Into this mix emerged John Surratt. At the time of Lincoln’s under a crack in the door. Dr. Lewis J.A. McMillan, who encountered assassination, Surratt was 21 years old. He had recently been engaged Surratt on his later flight to Europe, recounted that “the story was im- CHRONOS McGill 4 No. 3, 2017 by Laura Madokoro mediately circulated around the village that the priest had a woman There are hints that he was sheltered from news of his in his bedroom hiding. Then the priest told him that he could keep mother’s sentence and later execution in order to prevent him from him no longer; that he must find other quarters.” returning to the United States and giving himself up in her stead Surratt’s supporters quickly removed him from the priest’s (the suspicion being that both Surratts would be executed if John house and returned him to Montreal. On this occasion, Surratt was returned and that there would be no trade). Instead, John left for once again supported by members of the Catholic Church, taking Liverpool in September 1865 and ultimately took refuge in the refuge at 116 Cemetery Street, “a quiet place just behind the Catholic Papal Army where he was recognized, captured and returned to the Bishop’s Place,” and the home of the father of Father Larcille Lapierre United States in February 1867. After two trials, the case against (Canon to Ignace Bourget, with whom General Lee had connec- him was dismissed and he proceeded to lead a long and some might tions). Despite Surratt’s efforts at subterfuge, the American Consul suspect a rather happy life, pursuing a number of different careers at Quebec was able to report to the US State (including a public Department at the end of May that Surratt was lecture tour to promote in Canada. Surratt and his supporters clearly his innocence), felt that he was in danger of arrest and so it was marrying Mary quickly arranged for him to board a sailing vessel Victorine Hunter, bound for the port of Liverpool. He left Canada fathering seven on 5 September 1865. In his diary, he noted that children, and passing he “bade farewell to those kind friends who have away at the age of so long given me a shelter.” He added, “may their seventy-two. The safety never be endangered, or their peace and historical record has happiness disturbed.” been less revealing The decision by members of the about the fate of Father Catholic Church in Quebec to protect John Charles Boucher Surratt in his flight represented an act of defiance and other Catholic in the face of both the American authorities who supporters who aided sought his capture and British authorities who in the protection of claimed official neutrality vis-à-vis the conflict to John Surratt. New the south. As a result, the provision of sanctuary research on the history to John Surratt exacerbated the position of the of sanctuary seeks, Catholic Church in both the Province of Canada however, to uncover and the United States. It confirmed tradition- the fate of those al suspicions that Catholic loyalties were not who made sanctuary bounded by geopolitical borders. Rumours and possible while at the allegations circulated about Mary Surratt, who same time detailing had converted to Catholicism as a young woman, the genealogy of pres- and who was charged with treason. She was Broadside advertising a $100,000 reward for the capture of ent-day sanctuary conspirators in the Lincoln assassination, including John H. ultimately found guilty and hung on 7 July 1865, efforts by considering Surratt the first woman to be federally executed in the early efforts, such as United States. By all accounts, John Surratt, still those on behalf of John in hiding in Quebec, had no idea about the gravity of his mother’s Surratt, and how they shaped civil life and political life in Canada situation. An entry in his diary from the time reads: in subsequent years.

I find the Yankees are commencing what they call the trial with Laura Madokoro is an Assistant Professor in the Department closed doors. Secret plottings to take the life of a few poor vic- of History and Classical Studies. She studies the history of race, tims, and one a woman. The people and the press will cry such a refugees and humanitarianism and is the author of Elusive Refuge: thing down, or I am much mistaken. I am safe here at any rate, Chinese Migrants in the Cold War (Cambridge: Harvard Univer- sity Press, 2016). Her current focus is on the history of sanctuary under the protection of those professing my own religion. I have among white societies. sought sanctuary, and have found it. While here there is neither fear of betrayal, nor risk of discovery. 5 New Faces - Post Docs

Dr. Rosanna Dent is an incoming Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in Indigenous Studies (2017-19). She comes to McGill with a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania (2017). Dr. Dent’s dissertation used archival research, oral history, and participant observation to examine the history of human sciences research with Indigenous communities in Central . Her broader research interests include the intersection of expertise, sovereignty, and the settler colonial state, as well as the scientific construction of race, ethnicity, and gender in the Americas. At McGill, Dr. Dent will continue work on a digital archive project to repatriate scientific publications and historical materials to Xavante communities that have hosted researchers, while turning her dissertation into a book. She will also begin her next project on the history of demarcation of Indigenous land in Brazil.

Dr. Eduardo Fabbro also joins the department as Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow (2017–19). He received his PhD from the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of Toronto, working on the impact of warfare on early medieval Italian society and the formation of the Lombard Kingdom. Dr. Fabbro has published on different aspects of warfare, such as how medieval historians represented war and the demographic consequences of war on the distribution of gender. More generally, he is interested in how societies deal with violence and warfare, from conscription and logistics to symbolism and ideology. At McGill, Dr. Fabbro will begin work on a new project, tackling the relationship between religion and warfare before the First Crusade.

Dr. Sean Fear is an incoming SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellow (2017-19). He arrives at McGill from the John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding at Dartmouth College where he was a U.S. Foreign Policy and International Security Postdoctoral Fellow (2016-17). Dr. Fear received his PhD in History from Cornell University in August 2016 with a dissertation that examines the diplomatic impact of domestic politics in both South and the United States from 1967 to 1971. He has conducted research at archives in both the United States and Vietnam, and draws heavily on Vietnamese-language memoirs, blogs, and print media. At McGill, Dr. Fear will prepare his dissertation for publication as a book, and begin work on a second project on the international history of the end of the Vietnam War.

Xavier Bériault is currently completing his PhD in Political Studies at the University of Ottawa (to be defended in the fall of 2017). Beginning in January 2018, he will be a SSHRC Postdoctoral Fellow at McGill. Xavier Bériault’s research focuses on Canada’s national minorities’ resistance movements against the British in the revolutionary context of the Atlantic world during the 18th and 19th centuries. More specifical- ly, his doctoral research examines the formation of political power between the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Métis in Canada’s historic Northwest during the 19th century. Drawing on Hannah Arendt’s political thought and social network analysis, Xavier Bériault dissertation argues that the Company’s colonial administration was only able to govern through a partnership with the Métis. His post-doctoral research will expand this analysis by examining other forms of resistance to British .

Dr. Peter Hynd is an incoming Postdoctoral fellowship at the Indian Ocean World Centre, with which he has been affiliated since arriving at McGill in 2011. His dissertation is a history of alcohol and excise taxation in colonial India from approximately 1860 - 1920. Dr. Hynd has played a key role in the Indian Ocean World Historical Environment Database project, an ongoing collaborative effort to map and analyze historical patterns of human-environment interactions in the Indian Ocean region over the longue durée. As an IOWC Postdoc, he will engage in a number of historical mapping projects, and prepare a manuscript based upon his dissertation.

Dr. Alastair McClure is an incoming Postdoctoral Researcher at the Indian Ocean World Centre (2017-18). He arrives from the Max Planck Institute for European Legal History where he was a Postdoctoral Fellow. Dr. McClure received his PhD from the University of Cambridge in 2017 after completing a thesis which examined the relationship between law, violence, and sovereignty in colonial India. At McGill, Dr. McClure will prepare his dissertation for publication as a book, and begin work on a second project that explores the history of migration and law in the Indian Ocean. Given the international standing of the IOWC, he is excited by the opportunity of developing his work in this environment. CHRONOS McGill 6 No. 3, 2017 New Faces - Faculty

Dr. Kristy Ironside studies the social, political and economic history of Russia and the . Before joining McGill as an Assistant Professor, she was a postdoctoral fellow at the Higher School of Economics in Moscow and taught at the University of Manchester (UK). Dr. Ironside completed a BA and MA at the University of Toronto before earning a PhD in Russian history at the University of Chicago. Her current book project looks at the Soviet government’s attempts to use money, an ideologically problematic ‘vestige of capitalism,’ toward the intertwined projects of postwar reconstruction and communist advance. Although the Bolsheviks were still hostile toward money’s purportedly corrosive power under capitalism, they viewed it as a powerful economic tool in their own hands, as an incentive for disciplined and productive labour facilitating economic growth. From the late Stalin to the Khrushchev periods, the benefits of socialism and proof of the Soviet Union’s revolutionary progress were increasingly expressed in terms of money: greater purchasing power, higher wages and pensions, and lower taxes. At the same time, money facilitated massive inequalities in a formally equal society. The ‘full-value ruble,’ which Soviet au- thorities touted, was often anything but, undermining Soviet citizens’ faith in Soviet power and in the communist project. Aside from her monograph, Dr. Ironside has written articles exploring the nature of the Soviet welfare state, the shift from coercion to incentives, and the socialist political economy after 1945. She hails from Brantford, Ontario, and when she isn’t travelling, she is usually engaged in an elaborate cooking project.

Dr. Heidi Wendt joins the department as an Assistant Professor of Religions of the Greco-Ro- man World, a joint appointment with the School of Religious Studies and the Department of History and Classical Studies. Previously, she was an Assistant Professor in New Testament and Christian Origins at Wright State University (Dayton, OH) and a visiting lecturer at Wesleyan University (Middletown, CT). Dr. Wendt completed her PhD in Religions of the Ancient Mediterranean and an MA in Classics at Brown University in 2013, as well as an MTS in New Testament and Christian Origins at Harvard Divinity School in 2007. She spent 2011–12 at the American Academy in Rome as a pre-doctoral Rome Prize Fellow in Ancient Studies. Dr. Wendt’s research investigates religious developments of the Roman imperial period, with a focus on situating Jewish and Christian actors and phenomena in their Greco-Roman milieu. She recently published her first monograph, The Religion of Freelance Experts in the Roman (Oxford University Press, 2016), which examines evidence for the rise of self-authorized experts in specialized religious skills, rites, and wisdom under the . Her next book project builds on this framework to examine the role of literary production in generating and defending religious authority among rival Christian and other would-be “experts” of the second century.

Originally from Winnipeg, Dr. Don Nerbas joins the Department as Associate Professor and inaugural Chair of Canadian-Scottish Studies. He completed his PhD in Canadian History at the University of New Brunswick in 2010, and subsequently held a SSHRC post- doctoral fellowship at McGill. Dr. Nerbas returns to McGill from Cape Breton University, where he has been a member of faculty since 2012. His research broadly centres on the history of capitalism, and he has published a variety of articles on economic elites and capitalist development. In 2013 he published his first monograph,Dominion of Capital: The Politics of Big Business and the Crisis of the Canadian Bourgeoisie, 1914-1947 (University of Toronto Press), a social history of the Canadian bourgeoisie and changing business-state relations. His current book project examines the history of Cape Breton coal from the mid-nineteenth to early-twentieth centuries. Situating Sydney coalfields in an imperial and transnational context, the project links the Scottish diaspora and settler to the making and shaping of Canada’s emerging industrial order. By the early twentieth century, Canada’s capitalist system had come to rely significantly upon coal from Cape Breton and was largely dominated by the metropolis of Montreal. As Chair of Canadian-Scottish Studies, Dr. Nerbas will also be involved in organizing initiatives to facilitate research and intellectual exchange on the history of the Scots and Scottishness in Canada.

7 Department Books

to the practices of individual Interacting with Print brings but once non-Indigenous religious actors, the book together 22 scholars who players entered the sport, it offers a dynamic account work on 18th- and 19th- became a site of appropria- of religious innovation and century print culture. Print tion – then reclamation – of change in this period. was a part of not just books, Indigenous identities. The More info. but also theatrical perfor- Creator’s Game focuses on mances, conversations, and the history of lacrosse in advertisements. The authors’ Indigenous communities collective composed the from the 1860s to the 1990s, chapters in groups that exploring Indigenous/ met online as 'wiki' seeds. non-Indigenous relations Although the methods of and Indigenous identity composition were novel, the result is a physical book Jason Opal, Avenging the Hans Beck, Martin Jehne, that invites our readers to People: Andrew Jackson, John Serati, eds., Money interact with it. the Rule of Law, and the and Power in the Roman More info. American Nation Republic Despite conventional How did economic power wisdom to the contrary, augment the nature of U.S. President Andrew politics in the Roman Pedro Machado, Sarah Jackson spent much of his Empire? Rome’s rise to Fee, and Gwyn Campbell, career limiting sovereignty, superpower status was ac- eds., Textile Trades, and imposing new and often companied by changes of Consumer Cultures, and unpopular legal regimes over economic realities. By the the Material Worlds of American lands and markets. 1st century BCE the compe- the Indian Ocean Conversely, he waged total tition of senatorial families This collection examines war on the Cherokees and for rank and recognition cloth as a material and Creeks, brushing aside legal was dramatically wrapped consumer object from restraints on genocide and up with access to monetary early periods to the twen- mass retaliation. He thereby capital. The republic fell ty-first century, across Elsbeth Heaman, Tax, became a hero to those because of a financial crash multiple oceanic sites— Order, and Good who saw the United States that hit the centre of Roman from Zanzibar, Muscat and Government A New as uniquely lawful and society. Kampala to Ajanta, Political History of Myron Echenberg, victimized. More info. and Osaka. Contributors Canada, 1867-1917 Humboldt’s Mexico: In More info. map shifting social, cultural Was Canada’s Dominion the Footsteps of the of 1867 an experiment and commercial circuits to Illustrious German chart the many histories of in political domination? Scientific Traveller cloth across the region. Looking to taxes provides Alexander von Humboldt's More info. the answer: they are a scientific of privileged measure of both Mexico in 1803-4 included political agency and political inspections of colonial domination. To pay one’s silver mines, hikes to the taxes was the sine qua non summits of Mexico’s major of entry into political life, volcanoes, examinations but taxes are also the point of secret Spanish colonial of politics, which is always archives, and scientific dis- about the control of wealth. cussions of major archae- More info. Heidi Wendt, At the ological sites of pre-His- Temple Gates panic Indigenous cultures. At the Temple Gates Humboldt's sensitive Allan Downey, The documents the rise of ecological observations Creator’s Game: Lacrosse, self-proclaimed religious appeal to environmentalists Identity, and Indigenous experts during the Roman and to international visitors Nationhood Empire and situates early The Multigraph attracted to Mexico's mag- Lacrosse has been a central Christians in the same Collective (Brian nificent colonial heartland. element of Indigenous milieu. Shifting the focus Cowan), Interacting More info. cultures for centuries, from rival cults or religions with Print CHRONOS McGill 8 No. 3, 2017 emergence of long-distance maritime exchange of com- Surgery is an ideal field for modities, peoples, plants, examining the processes animals, technologies and of technological change ideas, was of central signifi- in medicine. The book cance to this “world” region. brings together contribu- More info. tions that go beyond the concept of innovation but instead explore the historical contexts of change in surgery, looking at the complex dynamics of the various treatment options Desmond Morton, A available as well as the Amit Das Gupta and Laura Madokoro, Short History of variable character of the new Lorenz M. Lüthi, eds., Francine McKenzie, Canada (6th edition) technologies themselves. The Sino-Indian War of and David Meren, eds., The book explores the More info. 1962: New Perspectives Dominion of Race: political compromises, in- The Sino-Indian War of Rethinking Canada’s ternational challenges and 1962 was a major event in the moral questions that International History modern Asian history. It This critical intervention Canada faced in its history has hindered rapprochement on the history of race in from Indigenous people to between China and India Canada explores the rela- the evolution of different and had a negative impact tionship between empire, , the bilingual union on India’s domestic devel- Jon Soske, Internal identity, and liberal interna- in 1867, and its rise as one opment. Grouped in three : African tionalism. Leading scholars of the largest countries in parts, the twelve chapters Nationalism and the of Canada’s international the world. explore the bilateral rela- Indian Diaspora in 20th history expose how race More Info. tionship, the internation- Century South Africa has informed the priorities al context, and domestic This new history of the of governments, citizens politics. antiapartheid struggle and NGOs, and their sense More info. places India and the Indian of Canada’s place in the diaspora at the center of the international community Judith Szapor, Hungarian African National Congress’s that itself was understood, Women’s Activism in the development of an inclusive and ordered, according to Wake of the First World philosophy of national- racialized beliefs. War: From Rights to ism. Even as Indian inde- More info. Revanche pendence provided South On the basis of a wide African intellectuals with range of previously unpub- new models of conceptu- lished archival, written, and Catherine LeGrand, alizing sovereignty, debates visual sources, the book Colonización y protesta over the place of the Indian explores women's activism campesina en Colombia diaspora forced a reconsider- in Hungary during the (1850-1950) ation of the nation’s internal post-war revolutions and and external boundaries. counter-revolution, offering This book provides essential Gwyn Campbell, ed., More info. the first gendered history of historical background to Early Exchange between the aftermath of the First understanding the rural Africa and the Wider World War. struggles that gave rise to the Indian Ocean World FARC guerrilla movement This volume explores More info. and the armed struggle the exchange relationship in Colombia that lasted between Africa and the more than fifty years. First Thomas Schlich and wider Indian Ocean world, a published in 1986, the book Christopher Crener eds, macro-region running from was reissued in Colombia in Technological Change East Africa to China, from Spanish in 2016 because of in Modern Surgery: early times to about 1300 its relevance to the contem- Historical Perspectives on CE. The monsoon system, porary peace process. which facilitated the early Innovation More info. 9 Resurrecting Life on the Lagoon: Archaeological at Salapia (Puglia, Italy)

n 1615, the bishop of Trani (Puglia, Italy) recorded the demise DeVenuto and I set out to perform an archaeological field survey of the neighboring medieval town of Salpi: “And finally the in the territory long-called the Monte di Salpi, an artificial hill city of Salpi was turned up from the bottom.” The image is positioned on the low, flat coastal plain, encapsulating the remains Iof total ruin. We have some historical records that explain how of the medieval site. We aimed to generate conclusive evidence that this happened. By 1547, Salpi had lost its diocese while it was Roman and medieval Salapia/Salpi largely occupied the same place suffering a long agricultural crisis because of the encroachment in this landscape. After imposing a grid of 20x20m quadrants over of its pasture land. This is, however, a history of institutions that the mound and the adjacent plain, we collected broken ceramic, offers little evidence of how the inhabitants managed this urban glass, animal bone, coins, and architectural decoration and recorded unraveling. the concentrations of tiles, to understand the density of settlement In fact, Salpi’s abandonment was just one point in a in this area, as well as to reconstruct its chronology. We established much longer history of settlement along the Salpi Lagoon on that the plain was dominated by an ample Roman settlement, with Italy’s southern Adriatic Coast (inset below). In the 1st century particularly high quantities of late material (from the 4th to 7th BCE, the town of Salapia was centuries CE), showing that Salapia re-established by the Romans. had not disappeared after the imperial The Roman historian period. Atop the Monte, nearly 75% of Vitruvius, in his de Archi- remains were medieval, dating to the tectura (I.4), tells us that the 13th century CE and later. But interest- residents of Salapia Vetus ingly, 25% were Late Antique, strong were constantly sick from the initial evidence that the medieval encroaching inland marsh. site was in part constructed atop the They asked the local Roman remains of the western portion of the magistrate, Marcus Hostilius, Roman town. A magnetometry survey, to help relocate them, and a non-invasive technique, has resur- he did so on a healthy site rected the urban plan of the Roman along the Salpi Lagoon. town (grid streets, a city wall with Vitruvius invested in this towers, and possibly a theater) and sole individual - like many given us hints at the medieval town’s Roman foundation stories - form too. Surely, the habitation in this what was no doubt the long, area was complex, dense, long-lived, arduous process of urban Excavated remains from Salapia, with specific areas named in the and possibly uninterrupted. development. After Vitruvius’ text outlined To acquire details on specific lived brief account, the historical Inset: Salapia’s location in Italy contexts, we opened two large areas record is scant, with some for excavation in the period of 2014-16 scholars arguing that Salapia had disappeared by the 4th century to expose architectural features. We identified and investigated the CE. successive layers of life in the town: each architectural transforma- The meagre historical evidence raises deeper questions tion, each new pavement, each accumulation of detritus of everyday beyond snapshots of urban establishment and death. How did life represented a phase in Salapia’s history. Excavation can be time Salapia develop after its (re-)foundation? How do we understand consuming. The care required to dig, record, and study archaeolog- the transition from the Roman site to the medieval one? And how ical remains means that we have only covered about 1% of the once did the lagoon—which offered natural resources like a harbor and inhabited Roman site. Therefore, our findings, while exciting, remain salt but also imparted continuous health risks—affect prospects tentative. for long-term settlement? Answering these questions requires a While we have found limited evidence from the start of rigorous exploration of the material evidence at Salapia/Salpi the city’s life (from the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE), it through archaeological research. The organization of these set- became apparent that this area had been reworked for centuries, tlements—the spaces built and inhabited, the objects produced, indicating a certain dynamism of this settlement. In fact, the traded and valued—are the main features through which we write most visible and interpretable contexts of urban life date from the the narrative of towns like this one, their connections through 3rd century CE onward, with a particularly detailed phase in Late time, and their relationship to the lagoon. Antiquity. We found a large house (domus) dating from between the In 2013, my colleagues Roberto Goffredo and Giovanni 2nd to 4th centuries CE, with mosaic floors in many rooms, as well CHRONOS McGill 10 No. 3, 2017 by Darian Marie Totten as an adjacent tannery, accessible via an entrance from the house. individual families by this time, and not removed through organized The tannery had vats of different shapes and depths; analysis of community collection. Salapia was losing its urban character. An organic residues from the vats revealed phosphates and cholesterols, increasingly sparse, village-like settlement persisted at Salapia at the remains of animal fats. Intriguing too is the juxtaposition of a least into the mid-7th century, after which traces of human activity productive space and a great elite residence, likely both owned by a become less perceptible. single wealthy family. Tanning leather was a stinky industry, and the Brief textual sources provide one bridge between the 7th proximity between these spaces meant that elite Romans living in century and the medieval site: a notation from the 4th-century this house also smelled rotting flesh and curing animal skins. Hardly Peutinger Table had already mentioned salinis, or salt pans, nearby. what we would expect, given how richly the domus was decorated. A Lombard text from 774 gave the monastery of Santa Sophia in Across the street from the elite house, a small shop and Benevento the right to harvest salt along the lagoon, pointing to modest house, constructed sometime in the mid-4th century, were continued recovery of this resource. It seems that this area then was excavated. Unfortunately, the original character of these humble still accessible and productive. Is it possible that a village settlement spaces remains obscure, but an connected to salt extraction earlier sequence of beaten earth was the bridge between Late pavements indicates that the Antique and medieval Salpi? previous spaces were not much After the 7th century, different. It clearly had a different our archaeological traces are function and appearance from more difficult to interpret the domus, and tells us that the chronologically.The wealthy and the lower classes systematic removal of many lived side-by-side at Salapia. Life walls from the Roman town in these spaces stopped in medias tells us that in the medieval res when, sometime in the later 5th period, inhabitants were century, a fire brought down the mining Salapia for building roof, sealing all activity beneath the materials. Archaeological collapsed tiles and thick ash. This is evidence from the plain is precious data of daily life because sparse: a coin of Manfredi, the remains were found exactly as the Svevan king (1232-66) the inhabitants were using them The Salapia team at season’s end, 2016 and a 13th-century burial that day. They cooked on a simple without grave goods (dated hearth made of reused tiles. The shop likely traded in imported by carbon-14) from the adjacent plain, perhaps dating a period of wine, as amphorae from the Eastern Mediterranean were crushed significant construction. The activity appears to have been intermit- among the building's debris. A deposit of more than two hundred tent (perhaps there were teams of workmen who dug up the walls?), small bronze coins from the 4th and 5th centuries, many of which and indicates that the former Roman settlement became both a had fused together from the heat, were also found, reinforcing that “quarry” for the quickly developing medieval town and a place to this was a space of small-scale economic exchange. bury marginal members of this community. Parallel to this late-5th century collapse, other major changes As this new medieval town seemingly began on the founda- in and around the domus occurred. The urban character of the place tions—and with the stones—of Salapia, so it too was destined to come was changing quickly. The older rooms, once well-appointed, were to an end. Perhaps the gradual transformations of the Roman site replaced by huts likely belonging to individual families who installed from town to village can offer an indication of the altered fortunes of roofs supported by wooden posts that punctured the rich mosaic the settlement from foundation to decay, providing further nuance pavements of the previous phase. This new occupation continues for and complexity to the broader picture at Salapia/Salpi over nearly about one hundred years over which time garbage dumps connected 1,500 years of its history. to these huts accumulated in rooms of the former domus. These Thanks to the AIA Cotsen Grant, Loeb Classical Library Foundation and layers not only contained broken domestic ceramics and glass, but Davidson College (Davidson, NC) for suppport for this research. also cooking waste from meat and vegetables, for example. We have not found such dumping in an earlier phase, meaning that by Darian Marie Totten joined the department in August 2016. She is current- the 6th century, there was an evident shift in practices that made ly working with her colleagues to publish the first four years of fieldwork data from Salapia. Also in progress is a monograph on economic regional- such disposal inside the settlement permissible—likely handled by ism in Southern Italy during the Roman and Late Antique periods. 11 Student Association News

Classics Students’ Association by Zoe Blecher-Cohen This year, the Classics Students’ Association has carried on its recent trend of having one of the highest ratios of involved students to majors/minors in all of Arts— we have around 15 variously associated executives for a student body of under 100. The advantage to having such active members is apparent in the number, variety, and quality of events which the CSA puts forth. This fall the CSA debuted “Panem et Circenses”, a welcome back event attended by undergraduate and graduate students, which was a resounding success. Most of our activities lay somewhere in between academic and social, such as the joint lecture series that has becoame a staple in recent years. In concert with the HSA (for the third year in a row) we held both a Halloween and a Valentine’s Day lecture series – two of our best attended events. Students enjoy hearing professors and graduate students give short, topical presentations in an informal setting— and of course, the multitudes of snacks provided. The Classics Students Association One of the events our students Executive are best known for is the annual McGill Classics Play, translated from the original text over the summer and then directed and performed in the spring. This year’s play was in fact, no play at all, but a fascinating re-imagining of Plato’s Symposium as a modern college party. It was translated and directed by Alexandru Martalogu and Meghan Poplacean, both Master’s students in the department. Keep an eye out for next year’s play: Plautus’ Pseudolus, directed by Celia Taylor. On the academic end, the CSA worked Plato’s Symposium: a new translation with Concordia and the Université de Montréal to by Alexandru Martalogu and Meghan organize and host the 9th Annual Montreal Classics Poplacean Colloquium where 9 out of the 18 student speakers were from McGill. The Colloquium continues to be an amazing opportunity for students to present their own research and, uniquely, to explore subjects off the beaten path. McGill presenta- tions included topics such as: Roman public toilets, local Greek cuisine, and the Roman opinions of lesbians. The Colloquium concluded with a panel on barbarians and foreigners in the Ancient Mediterranean, which segued into an impressively intellectual wine and cheese. Our other impressive wine and cheese was the launch of our journal, Hirundo. Not only were the articles stunning and well-written, but the Editor-in-Chief, Harrison Brewer, also The award-winning journal debuted his second project – the Rostra Lecture Series. A joint initiative with the CSA, the Rostra Hirundo series is a new platform for undergraduates to present and receive feedback on their research from peers and professors. The presenta- tions at the wine and cheese were well received and bode well for the future of this new endeavor. The year ended on a high note as the CSA received three AUS awards – Most Outstanding Small Departmental Association, Most Outstanding Academic Event (Classics Colloquium), and Most Outstanding Journal (Hirundo).

The History Students’ Association by Kate Bauer The HSA executive for 2016-17 represents the interests of and provides programming and services to the nearly 900 students studying History at McGill. This past year, we held a number of events that brought together undergrads, grad students and faculty in social and collaborative settings, and oversaw the publication of our annual journal, Historical Discourses. Academic Endeavours: McGill University’s annual undergraduate history journal received an incredible number of submissions this year. The journal, published in April 2017, contended with the theme of "historical intimacy.”Historical Discourses is entirely edited, published and printed by undergraduates and represents the quality and diversity of historical research conducted by upper-year undergraduate students at McGill. The HSA also ran a number of workshops on research and writing skills in coordination with Eamon Duffy, the History and Classical Studies Liaison Librarian, as well as organized free tutoring sessions for students in numerous history classes. Next year, the HSA hopes to work on putting together a “historian’s handbook” with academic tips for undergrad history students. Public Engagement: In collaboration with both the History and Classics Graduate Students Editors Halle Ashby & Olivia Maccioni Association and the Classics Students Association, the HSA organized a number of public lectures launch Historical Discourses each focusing on specific historical themes. Faculty and graduate students were invited to present

CHRONOS McGill 12 No. 3, 2017 lectures on themes such as sexuality at the Stuart court, witchcraft and queerness in modern Britain, and the historical precedents of the 2016 US election cycle. Social Settings: The HSA held two incredibly successful trivia nights at Gerts Bar in November and March. The champions of our fall history trivia night, graduate students playing under the moniker of, “The Good, the Grad, and the Ugly,” were unseated in the spring by a group of spirited and knowledgeable undergraduates! The HSA hopes to continue the tradition of history trivia in the coming year. Our final event, “Salon Night” fostered an incredible sense of community between students of all levels in the history department and celebrated the end of yet another successful year. Resurgence of the Robert Vogel Award: Lost (on sabbatical?) for nearly seven years in the office of Professor Jason Opal, the student-sponsored Robert Vogel award resurfaced this year to be awarded to a deserving professor in the department. Nominated by undergraduates and dedicated to the professor who best exemplified the teaching and mentorship values of Professor Vogel, this plaque represents the students’ appreciation for the support, passion and knowledge of a particular professor who made the greatest impact on their students during the academic year. Based on popular support (and with a stroke of perfect irony), the plaque was awarded again by popular vote to Dr. Jason Opal for his estimable teaching abilities, passion, and capacity to inspire greatness in his students. The HSA congratulates Professor Opal for his achievement (and kindly encourages him to return the plaque promptly)! Dr. Jason Opal with Holly Buss, Luke and Anya

History & Classics Graduate Student Association by Carleigh Nicholls & Cynthia Tang The History and Classics Graduate Student Association held a number of academic and community-building events throughout the year, including the Topics on Tap seminar series featuring works in progress in a convivial atmosphere, a Holiday Lecture series, and the ever-popular afternoon Coffee & Cake events. The 2016/17 academic year was kicked off with our first ever “GROSH” orientation week to welcome our incoming graduate students to the Department. HCGSA is also proud to have supported stimulating student-run initiatives such as a discussion panel on the Untold Story of Slavery in Montreal, and the Gender and Professional- ism Workshop. Stay tuned for the McGill-Queen’s Graduate Conference in History which returns to McGill in Spring 2018 and will explore Violence of the Mind through the ages. If you’d like to stay up-to-date with HCGSA news, please follow us Vincenza Masseo, Cynthia Tang and Stavroula on Twitter @hcgsa_mcgill or visit our new website: Theodorakopoulou of the HCSGA https://mcgillhcgsa.wordpress.com/

CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL NEW PHDs

Ben Dangl, “Centuries march the streets: the power of the past in Bolivian indigenous movements, 1970-2000” (supervisor: Daviken Studnicki-Gizbert)

Omri Bassewitch Frenkel, “Transplantation of Asian spices in the 1518-1640: entrepreneurship, empiricism, and the crown” (supervisor: Gwyn Campbell) Justin Irwin, “Benjamin Keach and Baptist confessional identity in post-restoration London, 1664-1704” (supervisor: Brian Cowan) Marie Carolynn McNally, “L’union fait la force: les réseaux de famille, les mariages exogames et l’identité acadienne, 1881-1937” (supervisor: Suzanne Morton)

Rebecca Robinson, “Cult and calendars in the ancient empires of Qin, Han, and Rome” (supervisors: Hans Beck and Robin Yates)

Luke Ryder, “Slovak Society, the Second World War, and the Search for Slovak ‘Stateness’” (supervisor: James Krapfl)

Vlad Solomon, “Straining the law: the creation of a British model of political policing, 1881-1914” (supervisor: Brian Lewis)

13 Outreach, Public History & Student Research

The Untold Story of Slavery in Canada & Montreal by Nadir Khan n 13 February 2017, over 100 attendees including students, professors and community members gathered at McGill to discuss Canada’s history of slavery. Organized in collaboration with McGill's Social Equity and Diversity Education Office in the context of Black OHistory Month, the event featured three accomplished scholars in the field of slavery studies, Professor Charmaine Nelson, Dr. Dorothy Williams and CUNY PhD candidate Delice Mugabo. The speakers addressed various aspects of Canada’s implication in slavery and the slave trade. Dr. Williams asked the audience to interro- gate and understand who stood to benefit from "not knowing" our local history of slavery and noted how far the conversation had come since she began her work in the field. Dr. Nelson, meanwhile, situated the discussion with a broad overview. This discussion tackled the challenges of archival work in slavery studies, offered a description of different forms of violence and resistance, and explained Canada's implication in the wider circuits of Transatlantic trade. Dr. Nelson also described a Casarina Hocevar and Nadir Khan, fascinating story of a slave named "Joe" who, as far as we know, escaped some six times with panelists Dr. Charmaine Nelson, during his enslavement by William Brown, a Montreal based printer (meaning that it is Dr. Dorothy Williams and Delice Mugabo likely Joe also personally printed several runaway slave ads). Finally, Ms. Mugabo explored her research on enslaved Black women outside the urban centres of Quebec beyond Trois Rivières, Montreal and Quebec City. She also explored the potential dangers of implementing slavery into provincial curricula; namely those associated with distorting history. Following the event, members of audience expressed their enthusiasm and positive feedback as they felt they left having learnt a great deal. The event was organized and moderated by Casarina Hocevar, a U3 student majoring in African Studies, with minors in Italian Studies and History, and Nadir Khan, an MA candidate studying the history of slavery in the Atlantic world with a focus on Canada. The event was also made possible with generous support from Charmaine Nelson, QPIRG Concordia, the Black Students Network, and the History and Classics Graduate Student Association. The Importance of Public History: Curating an Exhibition on the History of Vaccination Controversy by Cynthia Tang

n January 2015 the public was warned that a measles outbreak had originated at Disneyland a few weeks earlier. By mid-February, 136 cases linked to the outbreak were traced to eight American states, as well as to ICanada and Mexico. Like many others, the outbreak at Disneyland made me consider the question of how this could happen when we have been able to safely and reliably vaccinate against measles for over fifty years. Why do so many parents choose not to vaccinate their children? What inspires anti-vacci- nation movements and why does such passionate objection to vaccines exist? At the time I was pursuing a Masters degree in the Department of History and Classical Studies at McGill, and was taking a course in the history of public health. I decided to use the research for this course to explore the history of anti-vaccination movements in an attempt to understand the motivation behind them. I was surprised to find that not only have anti-vaccination beliefs existed since Edward Jenner introduced the procedure in 1798, but also that the arguments made both for and against vaccination over the past 200 years remain strikingly similar. This realization made current vaccina- tion politics all the more frustrating to me. History clearly shows that the arguments used by doctors and scientists to convince people of the benefits of vaccination have not been effective in changing the minds of those who are Dr.Rob Boddice and Cynthia Tang against vaccination. This is the underlying message of the current exhibition at the exhibition vernissage on display at McGill’s Osler Library of the History of Medicine, curated by myself and Dr. Rob Boddice of the Friedrich Meinecke Institut, Freie Univer- sität Berlin. Open to the public, Vaccination: Fame, Fear and Controversy, 1798-1998, explores the history of vaccination and anti-vaccination beliefs in an effort to understand current issues of vaccination hesitancy. By analyzing the long history of controversy over vaccination we can begin to see how perhaps it is time to change the way we engage with those who are not as sure about vaccination as its advocates. But the importance of this exhibit is not just in its message. Its importance is in its participation in the Public History movement to share academic findings with a wider audience outside the university and to participate in public debates. Recently, the Department of History and Classical Studies has partnered with the Canada Science and Technology Museums Corporation to establish a Public History Fellowship in the History CHRONOS McGill 14 No. 3, 2017 of Science, Medicine, and Technology. As one of the program’s inaugural research fellows I had the good fortune to have access to the Museum’s collection of medical artifacts, allowing me to deepen my research further and enhance the exhibit with items such as a capillary tube of smallpox vaccine from the 1930s. Vaccination: Fame, Fear and Controversy, 1798-1998 is on display at the Osler Library until September 2017. It will be relocated to the McLennan Humanities and Social Sciences Library in January 2018 before moving to the Glen Site of the McGill University Health Centre in the summer, where it will be available for viewing by patients and visitors of the hospital.

Cynthia Tang is a PhD Candidate studying the History of Medicine in the Departments of Social Studies of Cowpox vaccine and Medicine and of History and Classical Studies. She has an interest in understanding the social and political mechanisms that facilitate the spread and acceptance of medical knowledge and technologies. certificates of vaccination

On Campobello Island, New Brunswick by Kate Bauer n the summer of 2016, I travelled to an isolated community in New Brunswick to serve as the sole research intern for a non-profit group undertaking the restoration of Canada’s second oldest wooden lighthouse, Head Harbour Lightstation. The internship provided me the oppor- Itunity to immerse myself in the past of my own nation, and participate in the creation of a new historical narrative out of scattered and hidden clues. I hoped to learn a great deal about the role of Head Harbour Lighthouse itself in the Bay of Fundy, as well as to examine the individual histories of the families and keepers from Campobello Island and beyond who lived inside its walls. Campobello Island, New Brunswick is one of the most isolated communities in Eastern Canada. The organization that I worked for is a non-profit organization based locally but composed of members from as far as Virginia, who own and maintain Head Harbour Lighthouse. The group purchased the deed to the lighthouse in 2006, and for over a decade have devoted countless volunteer hours to repairing, repainting and reinvigorating the structure that had been left unattended since 1986. Its mission is to “preserve, protect and promote the unique heritage of Head Harbour Lightstation for the enjoyment and education of all,” as well as to promote tourism to the island and provide and sustain long-term employment for locals. Since the FHHL have worked on rebuilding and repairing the physical structure, my role was to rebuild the history and the memories of the former keepers of the lighthouse. The intern before me was able to uncover much of the information about the early history: when it was built, the costs associated, the first Inside the Head Harbour Lighthouse keepers and their families. I was given by my supervisors free reign to pursue the paths of research that I felt would best achieve the goal of putting together a cohesive historical narrative of the lighthouse. I used digitized and archived newspapers and obituaries, ancestry.ca and other genealogy databases, Sessional and Annual reports of both the province of New Brunswick and the Government of Canada (Department of Marine, Auditor General’s Reports), and local oral history to trace and confirm the sequential list of lighthouse keepers from 1880 until 1986, when the lighthouse was closed. A major highlight of my internship was interviewing locals both in person and over the phone about their experiences with the lighthouse. Most lighthouse keepers moved to Head Harbour with their families, and many of their children are still alive and still around Campobello Island today. Listening to the granddaughter of the keeper in the 1950s recount her escapades throwing paper airplanes off the lighthouse tower and visiting the 93-year-old widow of another keeper to hear her reminisce about her husband’s treacherous treks over the rocks at low tide to check the light during storms were but two of the incredibly personal and human moments recounted to me while conducting my research. They breathed life back into the pursuit of history; pulling it off of the page and into the very wind that swept around the red and white tower of the light. Head Harbour Lightstation, Campobello Island This summer opened my eyes to a significant deficit in the protection of Canadian historical landmarks. Lighthouses all along the Bay of Fundy and the Atlantic coastline became automatic in the 1980s and rendered useless the role of full-time keeper, leaving many of these iconic structures to the mercy of the salt and wind of the northern Atlantic. Although in 2008 the Canadian government passed the Lighthouse Heritage Protection Act, officially defining lighthouses as a critical and important part of the history of Canada, no funding came along with the decree. Thus, unless private projects or groups such as the one on Campobello have stepped forward to put time and money towards the maintenance of these lights, many—if not most—of these landmarks have fallen into a state of dilapidation beyond repair. This internship has broadened my understanding in the way that the government treats and thinks about heritage and preservation, and has motivated me in the direction of continuing research on lighthouses at the masters or doctorate level or pursuing a career in cultural and historical preservation. Kate Bauer graduated from McGill in 2017 with a degree in Honours History. She starts her MA in History at McGill in the fall. 15 New Initiatives & Gifts

A Gift to Support Graduate Students Professor Faith Wallis and her husband Kendall Wallis have initiated a new endowed fund to support the Department’s gradu- ate students: the History and Classical Studies Graduate Excellence Fund. Faculty, alumni and friends of the Department are invited to contribute to its growth so that the Department will continue to attract the best students to its Ph.D. program. The Fund will also enable the Department to offer fellowships for extended research travel and for opportunities such as attendance at language schools, academic exchanges and workshops in specialized skills. Professor Wallis is a leading scholar of medieval Europe, particularly in the field of history of medicine, and a dedicated teacher. Her husband Kendall Wallis was a long-time reference librarian in Mc- Lennan Library known to many History and Classics alumni for his encyclopedic knowledge, his instructional skills, and his role in the instigation of the system of liaison librarians—the pilot project for which was History. Both Professor Wallis and Mr. Wallis are double alumni of McGill - Professor Wallis earned a First Class Honours BA in History in 1971, and a Master’s degree in History in 1974.The HCS Graduate Excellence Fund comprises an Endowment Fund to which any and all are invited to donate. While the endowment is being built up to a usable level, the Wallises have committed to sustaining a parallel operating fund to support annual grants for travel, research expenses, special training, or thesis support to graduate students, effective immediately. In addition, they have donated an insurance policy, which when cashed out at maturity will yield a very substantial amount for the endowment. Faith Wallis regards this gift as a gesture of gratitude for the Depart- Professor Faith Wallis and her husband Kendall Wallis ment which fostered her vocation as a historian when she was a budding graduate student. Kendall Wallis sees it as an extension of the support and care he bestowed on History and Classics in his professional career as a librarian. Both see it as a gesture of confidence in the Department’s future as one of the premier environments for graduate training in North America. The department is thrilled about this gift and wants to thank the Wallises for their generosity. A new Chair in Canadian-Scottish Studies The Department would like to thank the St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal and the McEuen Scholarship Foundation, as well as over one hundred individuals, foundations and corporations, for endowing the St. Andrew’s Society/McEuen Scholarship Foundation Chair in Canadian-Scottish Studies. Scots played important roles in Canadian and Quebec history, whether economic, cultural, political or military. Scottish diaspora networks were also crucial in tying Canada to the rest of the world. This history has been, however, relatively under-ex- plored. This Chair will help bring it to light. As Scots arrived, they established civil society organizations in all of Canada to help fellow Scots. One such organization was the St. Andrew’s Society of Montreal, established in 1835. The Society motto—“aid the distressed”—spoke to a role that was supplemented over time with the task of maintaining Scottish culture, through athletics, the military and support for cultural traditions. From the beginning, Scots also played a key role in supporting education, including helping to found the Montreal Mechanics’ Institute (an early self-improvement organization, now the Atwater Library), as well as, of course, McGill University itself. The St. Andrew’s Society and the McEuen Scholarship Foundation continue to offer numerous post-secondary scholarships. The current generous gift builds on these historical precedents. The Chair in Canadian-Scottish Studies will encourage research on the impact of Scots and Scottish networks on the history of Canada, Quebec and Montreal, including on Indigenous history. The chair holder will provide outreach to the Montreal Scottish community, will mentor students, and will attract scholars to McGill who will further deepen our knowledge of the role of Scots in Canada’s history. McGill is excited about the naming of Dr. Don Nerbas, whose work ranges from the history of Scottish capitalism to the history of Scottish migrant mine workers, as the inaugural Chair of Canadian-Scottish Studies (for more about Dr. Nerbas’ work, please see page 7). McGill is particularly grateful that the Canadian-Scottish Chair Fundraising Committee plans to support the work of the Chair by continued fundraising for travel scholarships, fellowships, and possibly a specific teaching space on campus. The Department of History and Classical Studies is launching a fundraising campaign for an endowed Fellowship for an Indigenous student to pursue graduate work in History,. The final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (2016) issued a number of Calls to Action, including requests to build capacity in post-secondary education for Indigenous peoples and to commemorate and investigate Indigenous history. Our department’s initiative complements McGill’s recent creation of an Indigenous Studies Program and its ongoing commitment to integrating Indigenous perspectives and experiences in all facets of McGill’s academic mission. For more information about this fellowship, please contact Scott Corbett, Senior Development Officer, Faculty of Arts at (514) 398-5005 or scott. [email protected]. We are deeply grateful for all donations, which make a significant difference in the lives of students. We are also grateful to the Canada Science & Technology Museums Corporation and to the donors to the Arts Internship program for generously supporting public history and student research. Please find more information on all departmental fundraising campaigns here. [https://www.mcgill.ca/history/outreach-donate] DONATE

CHRONOS McGill 16 No. 3, 2017