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SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Behavioral adaptations of sandy beach macrofauna in face of climate change impacts: a conceptual framework Felicita Scapini1*, Emilia Innocenti Degli1, Omar Defeo2* 1Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via Madonna del Piano 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy. 2 UNDECIMAR, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay. *Corresponding authors E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Table 1S. Overview of common behavioral adaptations studied in sand beach macrofauna, stressing their dependence on environmental and biological driving forces. Behavioral Physico-chemical Biological Geographical Relevant references adaptation driving forces driving extension of forces observations Activity rhythms Tides; night/day; Food; mate; Chile, Mezzetti et al., 1994; seasons; salinity; predation; France, Kennedy et al., 2000; rainfall; air cannibalism; Great Britain, Jaramillo et al., temperature & competition Italy, Spain, 2000; Nardi et al. humidity; pressure Tunisia 2003; Ugolini, 2003; Rossano et al., 2008, 2018; Lastra et al., 2010; Naylor, 2010; Colombini et al., 2013; Ayari et al., 2015; Nasri et al, 2017 Habitat Substrate; Food; Australia, Williams, 1995; selection temperature; predation; Great Britain, Colombini et al., moisture; salinity; competition Italy, Poland, 2002; Fanini et al., granulometry; Tunisia, 2012; Fanini & sediment organic Uruguay Lowry, 2014; Fanini content et al., 2017 Zonation & Substrate; air Food; mate; Brazil, Chile, Scapini et al., 1992; zonal recovery temperature; predation; France, Williams, 1995; moisture; salinity; competition Great Britain, Brown & Odendaal, granulometry; Italy, 1994; Colombini et organic content; Portugal, al., 1994; Fallaci et tides; day-time; South Africa, al., 1996, 1999; season; storms Spain, Colombini et al., Tunisia, 2002, Jaramillo et Uruguay al., 2003; Defeo & McLachlan, 2005; Rodil et al., 2006; Lastra et al., 2010; Colombini et al., 2013; Nourisson et al., 2014; Harris et al., 2017 Orientation Air & substrate Food; Brazil, Chile, Ugolini et al., 1995; temperature & predation France, Scapini et al., 2002; moisture; tides; Great Britain, Ugolini et al., 2003; storms; day-time; Greece, Italy, Meschini et al., 2008; season Kenya, Scapini & Dugan, Morocco, 2008; Fanini et al., Poland, 2009; Colombini et Portugal, al., 2013; Scapini, South Africa, 2014; Nourisson & Tunisia, Scapini, 2015; Uruguay Ugolini & Ciofini, 2016; Bessa et al., 2017; Ciofini & Ugolini, 2018; Scapini et al., 2019 Migration Tides; storms; Mate; food; Ecuador, Davidson et al., night/day; seasons brood care Ireland, Italy, 2004; Vanagt et al., Kenya, 2008 Tunisia Homing Substrate; air Food; Italy, Japan, Vannini & Cannicci, temperature; predation; Kenya, 1995 moisture; day-time; mate; brood Tunisia, tides; landscape care; USA, competition Burrowing Substrate Food; mate; Australia, Wolfrath, 1992; gradients; predation; Brazil, McGaw, 2005; granulometry; brood care; Canada, Lucrezi & Schlacher, moisture; tides; competition Great Britain, 2010; Sassa & storms; night/day; Indonesia, Watabe, 2008, 2011, seasons Japan, 2014; Wardiatno et Kenya, al., 2016; McLachlan Portugal, & Defeo, 2018 South Africa, USA Foraging Salinity; pCO2; Food; Chile, Italy, Pennings et al., moisture; organic competition; South Africa, 2000; Duarte et al., content; tides; predation; Spain, Sri 2010; Colombini et night/day; seasons cannibalism Lanka, al., 2013; Lastra et Tunisia, al., 2015; Lagar et Uruguay, al., 2016; Cannicci et USA al., 2018; McLachlan & Defeo, 2018 Reproduction & Habitat gradients; Mate; brood; Brazil, Great Williams, 1978; recruitment refuge; tides; competition; Britain, Italy, Marques et al., 2003; night/day; seasons predation New Defeo & McLachlan, Zeeland, 2005; Stanley et al., Portugal, 2012 Tunisia, Uruguay Gregariousness Habitat extension Population Australia, Gherardi et al., 2012; & competition abundance Italy, Kenya, Aquiloni & Tricarico and density, Sri Lanka, 2015; Cannicci et al., resource USA 2018 availability References in this Table Aquiloni, L., Tricarico, E., 2015. Social Recognition in Invertebrates: the Knowns and the Unknowns. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, 266 pp. Ayari, A., Jelassi, R., Ghemari, C., Nasri-Ammar, K., 2015. Locomotor activity patterns of two sympatric species Orchestia montagui and Orchestia gammarellus (Crustacea, Amphipoda). Biological Rhythm Research, 46, 863-871. Bessa, F., Scapini, F., Cabrini, T.M.B., Cardoso, R., 2017. Behavioural responses of talitrid amphipods to recreational pressures on oceanic tropical beaches with contrasting extension. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 486,170-177. Brown, A.C., Odendaal, F.J., 1994. The biology of oniscid Isopoda of the genus Tylos. Advances in Marine Biology, 30, 89-153. Cannicci, S., Fusi, M., Cimó, F., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Fratini, S., 2018. Interference competition as a key determinant for spatial distribution of mangrove crabs. BMC Ecology, 18, 1-12. Ciofini, A., Ugolini, A., 2018. Sun and moon compasses in Tylos europaeus (Crustacea Isopoda), Ethology Ecology & Evolution, 30, 235-244. Colombini, I., Aloia, A., Bouslama, M., ElGtari, M., Fallaci, M., Ronconi, L., Scapini, F., Chelazzi, L., 2002. Small-scale spatial and seasonal differences in the distribution of beach arthropods on the northwestern Tunisian coast. Are species evenly distributed along the shore? Marine Biology, 140, 1001-1012. Colombini, I., Chelazzi, L., Scapini, F., 1994. Solar and landscape cues as orientation mechanisms in the beach- dwelling beetle Eurynebria complanata (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Marine Biology, 118, 425-432. Colombini, I., Fallaci, M., Gagnarli, E., Rossano, C., Scapini, F., Chelazzi, L., 2013. The behavioural ecology of two sympatric talitrid species, Talitrus saltator (Montagu) and Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) on a Tyrrhenian sandy beach dune system. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 117, 37-47. Davidson, I.C., Crook, A.C., Barnes, D.K.A., 2004. Macrobenthic migration and its influence on the intertidal diversity dynamics of a meso-tidal system. Marine Biology, 145, 833-842. Defeo, O., McLachlan, A., 2005. Patterns, processes and regulatory mechanisms in sandy beach macrofauna. A multi-scale analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 295, 1-20. Duarte, C., Jaramillo, E., Contreras, H., Acuña, K., 2010. Cannibalism and food availability in the talitrid amphipod Orchestoidea tuberculata. Journal of Sea Research, 64, 417-421. Fallaci; M., Aloia, A., Audoglio, M., Colombini, I., Scapini, F., Chelazzi, L., 1999. Differences in behavioural strategies between two sympatric talitrids (Amphipoda) inhabiting an exposed sandy beach of the French Atlantic coast. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 48, 469-482. Fallaci, M., Colombini, I., Taiti, S., Chelazzi, L., 1996. Environmental factors influencing the surface activity and zonation of Tylos europaeus (Crustacea: Oniscidea) on a Tyrrhenian sandy beach. Marine Biology, 125, 751-763. Fanini, L., Defeo, O., Do Santos, C., Scapini, F., 2009. Testing the Habitat Safety Hypothesis with behavioural field experiments: amphipod orientation on sandy beaches with contrasting morhodynamics. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 392, 133-141. Fanini, L., Lowry, J., 2014. Coastal talitrids and connectivity between beaches: A behavioural test. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 457, 120-127. Fanini, L., Marchetti, G.M., Baczewska, A., Sztybor, K., Scapini, F., 2012. Behavioural adaptation to different salinities in the sandhopper Talitrus saltator (Crustacea: Amphipoda): Mediterranean vs Baltic populations. Marine and Freshwater Research, 63, 275-281. Fanini, L., Zampicinini, G., Tsigenopoulos, C.S., Barboza, F.R., Lozoya, J.P., Gómez, J., Celentano, E., Lercari, D., Marchetti, G.M., Defeo, O., 2017. Life-history, substrate choice and Cytochrome Oxidase I variations in sandy beach peracaridans along the Rio de la Plata estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 187, 152-159. Gherardi, F., Aquiloni, L., Tricarico, E., 2012. Behavioral plasticity, behavioral syndromes and animal personality in crustacean decapods: An imperfect map is better than no map. Current Zoology, 58, 567-579. Harris, L.R., Abrahams, K., Bezuidenhout, K., Nel, R., 2017. The relative role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors driving alongshore movement of swash-riding smooth plough shells, Bullia rhodostoma. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 486, 77-86. Jaramillo, E., Avellanal, M.H., Gonzales, M., Kennedy, F., 2000. Locomotory activity of Phalerisida maculata Kulzer (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) on Chilean sandy beaches. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 73, 67-77. Jaramillo, E., Contreras, H., Duarte, C., Avellanal, M.H., 2003. Locomotor activity and zonation of upper shore arthropods in a sandy beach of north central Chile. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 58, 177-197. Kennedy, F., Naylor, E., Jaramillo, E., 2000. Ontogenetic differences in the circadian locomotor activity rhythm of talitrid amphipod crustacean Orchestoidea tuberculata. Marine Biology, 137, 511-517. Lagar, M.C., Pazzagli, L., Cappugi, G., Giusfredi, G., Colombini, I., Fallaci, M., Chelazzi, L., Scapini, F., 2016. Enzyme activity and trophic links of macroarthropods living on an exposed Mediterranean beach–dune system. Italian Journal of Zoology, 83, 221-232. Lastra, M., López, J., Neves, G., 2015. Algal decay, temperature and body size influencing trophic behaviour of wrack consumers in sandy beaches. Marine Biology,
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  • The Genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

    The Genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands

    Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 117–127 (2009) ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/About/Books-and-Journals/Journals/Memoirs-of-Museum-Victoria The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands J.K. LOWRY & R.T. SPRINGTHORPE Crustacea Section, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia (jim.lowry@austmus. gov.au & [email protected]) Abstract Lowry, J.K. & Springthorpe, R.T. 2009. The genus Floresorchestia (Amphipoda: Talitridae) on Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 66: 117–127. The widespread Indo-West Pacifi c and Caribbean talitrid genus Floresorchestia is reported from Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Islands for the fi rst time and a new species, F. poorei is described. Floresorchestia poorei is common on the beaches of West Island, Cocos (Keeling). Keywords Crustacea, Amphipoda, Talitridae, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, taxonomy, new species, Floresorchestia poorei Introduction area of investigation because this widespread Indo-West Pacifi c and Caribbean genus, with little means of dispersal, As part of the Circum-Australian Amphipod Project (CAAP) holds an important biogeography story. a team of Australian Museum biologists collected extensively at Cocos (Keeling) Islands and Christmas Island during Location October 2008. Among the collections was a new species of Floresorchestia from sheltered sand beaches at Cocos Cocos (Keeling) is an isolated atoll in the north-eastern Indian (Keeling) Islands. A small population of Floresorchestia was Ocean. Until the 1840’s it was forested and was the site of a also found at Dolly Beach on Christmas Island but no mature huge seabird rookery.
  • Distribution and Population Characteristics of the Alien Talitrid Amphipod Orchestia Cavimana in Relation to Environmental Conditions in the Northeastern Baltic Sea

    Distribution and Population Characteristics of the Alien Talitrid Amphipod Orchestia Cavimana in Relation to Environmental Conditions in the Northeastern Baltic Sea

    Helgol Mar Res (2006) 60: 121–126 DOI 10.1007/s10152-006-0030-y ORIGINAL ARTICLE Kristjan Herku¨l Æ Jonne Kotta Æ Ilmar Kotta Distribution and population characteristics of the alien talitrid amphipod Orchestia cavimana in relation to environmental conditions in the Northeastern Baltic Sea Received: 24 April 2005 / Accepted: 21 November 2005 / Published online: 1 February 2006 Ó Springer-Verlag and AWI 2006 Abstract The talitrid amphipods were found for the first Keywords Orchestia cavimana Æ Nonindigenous time in the Northeastern Baltic Sea in 1999. Orchestia species Æ Amphipoda Æ Baltic Sea cavimana inhabited damp wracks cast up on shore within a 200 m area of Saaremaa Island. In the follow- ing year, the species expanded its range to a few kilo- Introduction metres. In 2002, six additional locations of O. cavimana were found in Saaremaa Island and two locations in the The dispersal of species to new areas has an impact on Northwestern part of Estonia. Abundances and bio- local ecosystems (Parker et al. 1999). New species masses were highest in the first year of the invasion. In entering ecosystems may dramatically change the species the following years, the values stabilized on remarkably diversity, trophic structure, structure and dynamics of lower levels. Population characteristics of the species populations, nutrients availability and flow, and primary varied significantly between locations. The average bio- production of the local ecosystem (Carlton 1996). mass and abundance were 9 g dw mÀ2 and 1975 ind Successful invasive species may render previously stable mÀ2, respectively. Wrack biomass and interaction be- systems unbalanced and unpredictable (Carlton and tween wrack biomass and exposure were the best pre- Geller 1993; Carlton 1996; Ruiz et al.