Faculty Forum Newsletter February 2007

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Faculty Forum Newsletter February 2007 Faculty Forum You Cannot Conceive The Many Without The One -Plato- Issue No. 07, Spring Edition February 26, 2007 This publication is available to our academic When I moved to South Carolina community as contributors desire to publicly share last August, I was intrigued with many as- scholarly-based thoughts and opinions. Please sub- mit contributions (ten double-spaced pages or less) pects of my new home and I spent several as a Word attachment, in 12-point font, to emer- weekends exploring the natural and historic [email protected]. Authors, please note that you are characteristics of the area. Perhaps one of writing for an audience that includes faculty, staff, the most striking words of advice I received and students. was the phrase “watch your step.” This was not because of cracks in the sidewalk, Watch Your Step: which are a common pitfall in Ohio, but in Treading on Local History this case the advice was to be wary of poi- By sonous snakes existing in the area. I would Sarah E. Miller, Ph.D. like to return that same advice back to the Assistant Professor of History people of lowcounty and say “watch your step” because you are treading on a wealth In a recent American History survey of interesting history. class, I took an informal count of the num- ber of students who had visited Fort Sumter Let’s return to Fort Sumter, not to in the Charleston Harbor to find that only rehash the beginning of the Civil War, but about ten percent of my students had seen to the name itself. Fort Sumter, like so the fort that symbolizes the beginning of the many other places in South Carolina, was Civil War. I found this fascinating yet dis- named after Thomas Sumter. Born in Vir- appointing. Just a few years ago, I traveled ginia in 1734, Sumter served in campaigns ten hours from Ohio to Charleston with the against the Cherokee Indians through which primary objective of seeing Fort Sumter. I he learned enough about the Indian lifestyle questioned, as many historians do, why stu- to serve as their interpreter on a trip to Eng- dents (and others) do not appreciate the his- land. Afterwards, he settled in the back- tory in their own backyard. Perhaps be- country of South Carolina. During the cause, too often, local histories are a hodge- American Revolution, a British raid led by podge of reminiscences, inaccurate state- Sir Henry Clinton, destroyed Sumter’s ments and genealogy listings, but the early home and ransacked the surrounding area. history of the lowcountry also unfolds into In retaliation, Sumter organized an inde- captivating drama from the time of early pendent military force whose use of guerilla Indians, the coming of white Europeans and warfare succeeded in destroying British the reliance on slave labor, to the American supply lines. Today’s popular culture has Revolution and the Civil War and still con- made another South Carolinian, Francis tinues today. Marion, famous as the “Swampfox;” but Sumter and other leaders of the guerrilla performed admirably for the colonists, war- militia units also provided essential resis- ring against and enslaving many of the tance to the British, clearing the way for the nearby Indians in return for coveted English new American Republic. Whether readers trade goods. When this relationship soured, recognize it or not, Thomas Sumter’s name the English switched alliances and encour- enters into our vocabulary at least every aged the Creek Indians to attack their tradi- football season. Thomas Sumter, a key tional enemies, the Westo. This war re- player in the American Revolution and par- sulted in near total destruction of the Westo ticipant in early government, was nick- Indian nation. 2 named the “Gamecock.” 1 The alliance with the Creek Indians, Many historians assert that “all his- whose homeland lay to the interior of the tory is local history” as the events that we colony, protected the inland boundaries of study in American History survey classes South Carolina but left its coastal areas vul- reverberate from local areas onto the world- nerable to attack by the Spanish in Florida. wide scene. What happened in Allendale, In 1684, the Yamasee Indians of northern Barnwell, or Walterboro is reflected in the Florida accepted an invitation to settle be- broader spectrum of the events that make tween the Combahee and Savannah Rivers history. This history can be seen in the as a buffer against Spanish invasion. In names of rivers, streets, and towns and took 1712, the Yamassee Indians further ingrati- place in the swamps, plantations, and vil- ated themselves to South Carolina when lages all around us. “Watch your step” and they accompanied Indian trader, and later you will see an array of history that has al- Revolutionary War hero, Colonel John ways been right before your eyes. Barnwell in the suppression of the Tus- carora Indians in North Carolina. The Ya- Early white settlement in the Caroli- masee, like the Westo before them, recog- nas began along the Ashley and Cooper nized the power of the English settlers and Rivers at Charles Town. Slowly the settle- their weapons and strove to ally themselves ment grew to incorporate more land-land with a powerful protector. occupied by many different Indian tribes. Relationships between Native Americans However, the Yamasees’ desire for and colonists were often complicated and English trade goods, such as metal, jewelry, rarely stable. The first Indian wars of the cloth, trinkets and especially weapons, region occurred in 1671, shortly after white placed the Indians in serious debt to English settlements were established. Indian warri- traders. In an effort to get their payment, ors raided these English communities most these traders began to kidnap and sell Ya- likely in retaliation for stolen food or the masee women and children into slavery. occupation of Indian lands. As a result, the Frustrated and angry, the Yamasee revolted colonists organized and attacked the small on April 15, 1715. Neighboring tribes, in- and weak Kussoe and Stono nations who cluding the Creek, allied with the Yamasee lived nearby. These Indians were captured against the British launching the conflict and sold into slavery. Fearing more raids known as the Yamasee War. The Indians from hostile Indians, colonists enticed the killed ninety percent of the English traders friendly Westo Indians of the area into an to show their aggravation over what they alliance for defense and trade. The Westo felt were deceitful trading practices. South -2- Carolina’s colonial population hurried to the precipitated the passing of the Security Act safety of Charleston and abandoned settle- in 1739. This act required all white males ments outside a thirty mile radius from the to carry guns to church on Sundays in case city. of emergency or else be fined. The Yamasee were defeated in battle On the morning of Sunday, Septem- by the colonists at Port Royal and along the ber 9, 1739, just twenty days before the Se- Salkehatchie River, resulting in their retreat curity Act went into effect, the most suc- to lands south of the Savanna River. The cessful slave rebellion in American history Creek Indians continued to carry on the Ya- occurred. A group of twenty slaves led by masee War until the fall of 1716 when their an Angolan named Jemmy assembled along traditional enemy, the Cherokee, allied with the west bank of the Stono River. They the English to defeat them. Skirmishes con- broke into Hutchenson’s store at Stono tinued for the next couple of years, inciting Bridge killing the two proprietors who lived fear in the colonists of the lowcountry. 3 there. Once armed, the band traveled along Pons Pons Road towards the freedom of- Indian uprisings were the key threat fered by the Spanish in St. Augustine. Part to colonial livelihood during the early years of this road can be followed today through of the white settlement of South Carolina. the Great Swamp Sanctuary in Walterboro. As a result, colonists armed their African Picking up recruits as they traveled through slaves to fight off Indian raiders. However, the lowcountry plantations, the force en- as the number of African slaves increased in compassed about one hundred by mid- South Carolina, fear of a slave uprising afternoon. As the slaves rested near the overtook their fear of any potential Indian Jacksonborough ferry on the Edisto River, attack. Calls denouncing the arming of Lieutenant Governor William Bull, out for a slaves reverberated though the colony. A recreational ride, chanced upon the group. lowcountry planter predicted a rebellion by Immediately recognizing the gravity of the warning that slaves were “too numerous in situation, he hurried to alert the colonists of 4 proportion to the White Men.” By 1720, the rebellion. there were nearly twice as many black slaves as white colonists throughout South Twenty white Carolinians and forty Carolina, and in some lowcountry parishes, of the rebels were killed in the clash to sup- slaves accounted for seventy-five or more press the uprising. Captured slaves were percent of the population. The ratio on questioned and many executed on the spot, these plantations was even higher during in several by decapitation, but about two thirds the hot summer months when the planters (perhaps sixty) of the slaves escaped to lived in their summer homes in Charleston, roam and terrorize the countryside. To dis- Summerville or Walterboro.5 courage more slaves from joining the upris- ing, colonists posted the heads of executed Fear of a potential slave uprising did slaves on mileposts along the roadways. not curtail the demand for a large slave For the next couple of weeks, patrols of workforce on the lucrative rice plantations white men and friendly Indians searched for of the lowcountry.
Recommended publications
  • Catawba Indians in the Revolutionary War About the Time the Declaration
    Catawba Indians in the Revolutionary War About the time the Declaration of Independence was signed (July 4, 1776), British warships were planning to take the city of Charleston by setting up a base on nearby Sullivan’s Island. Gen. William Moultrie of the Continental Line got wind of the British plans and, in spite of orders to the contrary, made the decision to resist the occupation. Under Moultrie’s command was the Third South Carolina Regiment which included a group of militia men known as the “backcountry rangers.” The backcountry rangers included Catawba Indians who had not only fought against the Cherokees, their traditional enemy, but had switched from support of the Crown to the colonial cause as early as 1772. In that year the British royal government men who ruled South Carolina had changed from paying Catawbas to track runaway slaves and other chores given as favors in years past. After Moultrie’ s men won the battle of Sullivan’s Island, the backcountry rangers headed back to the northwest where the Cherokees, who remained loyal to the British, were raiding the white settlements. Catawba warriors went along with the rangers headed by Col. Andrew Williamson. This group was soon joined by Col. Thomas Sumter who would four years later make the Catawba Indian Land his base of operations. The Catawbas (also spelled Catoppas in some of the literature) proved to be valuable in the Cherokee campaign as scouts. Maurice Moore wrote that Andrew Williamson, who had been promoted to General. valued highly his advance guard of 25 Catawbas. Charleston fell to the British in May 1780.
    [Show full text]
  • The Denmark Vesey Conspiracy Conceptualizing Crime and Religion in Slaveholding Societies Paul Schneider-Krumpus
    The Denmark Vesey Conspiracy Conceptualizing Crime and Religion in Slaveholding Societies Paul Schneider-Krumpus This project was supported by the University of Minnesota Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program Premise of Research Through the UROP program, I have conducted an historical documentary analysis of the Denmark Vesey conspiracy, an alleged plot of slave rebellion that was exposed in Charleston, South Carolina in 1822. This research is meant to be part of Professor Katherine Gerbner’s wider research on the construction of religion and crime in relation to New World slavery. Little documentation of the alleged plot exists outside of court documents from the trials of the accused, and so these were especially important source materials. New strides are being made in the understanding of the Denmark Vesey conspiracy, as professional historians continue to accumulate sources and construct new and fuller interpretations of the events. Objective of Research The objective of this research was to use primary sources relevant to the Denmark Vesey conspiracy to learn about the relationships between law, religion, and the institution of slavery in the antebellum American South, particularly in relation to slave revolts. Considering the religious nature of the plot, its conspirators, its suppressors, and the very society it took place in, the Denmark Vesey conspiracy is especially suited to an analysis of this sort. Compared to other slave revolts, this plot is only lightly studied. It could be essential to understanding other North American slave revolts though; the number of people involved is alleged to be well over 6,000, which would make it one of the largest uprisings ever conceived of in this part of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Teacher's Guide Look What a Wonder a Gospel Musical by Walter
    Teacher’s Guide Look What a Wonder A gospel musical by Walter Robinson FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR In a Facing History and Ourselves classroom, students discover, in the words of German historian Detlev J.K. Peukert, that "the shadowy figures that look out at us from the tarnished mirror of history are – in the final analysis -- ourselves." The arts play a central role in helping students make that connection, for it is through the arts that they begin to see themselves in others. It is also through the arts that they develop empathy, the ability to see the world through someone else's eyes. President John F. Kennedy once told Americans that arts raise our spirits, deepen our insights, and enhance our self-comprehension. As Facing History students view the past through music, art, drama, and literature, many find their own voice and begin to tell their own stories: stories linked to their identity, their sense of who they are, and the dreams of what they might become. Look What a Wonder , Walter Robinson's gospel musical, reveals the way the arts can raise universal questions through an exploration of a particular history. It is a story that explores many of the themes central to a Facing History course: identity and voice, courage and resilience, freedom and justice, and decision-making and choice. We are grateful to Seth and Beth Klarman for sponsoring this event and giving this performance as a gift to our community. Margot Stern Strom Executive Director 1 Teacher’s Guide Look What a Wonder A gospel musical by Walter Robinson FROM THE COMPOSER I am thrilled that you will have the opportunity to hear Look What a Wonder .
    [Show full text]
  • Contested Symbolism in the Flags of New World Slave Risings
    Contested Symbolism in the Flags of New World Slave Risings Steven A. Knowlton Throughout the summer of 1800, an enslaved blacksmith of Richmond, Virginia, named Gabriel conspired with fellow bondspeople to rise in arms and fight for their freedom. Among his plans was a scheme to paint a flag with the phrase “Death or Liberty” to be carried at the head of the column that would march into the city.1 Gabriel’s slogan inverted the words of his fellow Virginian Patrick Henry, whose famous oration on the eve of the American Revolution concluded, “Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”2 It is a well-known irony of history that among those who fought for American independence from British rule—and couched their rhetoric in terms of “freedom” and “liberty”—were some of the largest slaveholders on the continent, including Henry.3 In popular memory, their struggle against King George III has been valorized, but so have the efforts of those who sought emancipation for slaves. For example, historical markers now stand at key locations in Gabriel’s career, and the Richmond History Center has made an artist’s conception of Gabriel’s image one of fifty key objects that define the city’s story.4 (Figure 1) As Gabriel’s adaptation of Henry’s rhetoric demonstrates, opposing parties are known to assign conflicting meanings to shared symbols; flags are among the most prominent of these, as documented throughout vexillological literature.5 Slaves who engaged in violent conflict with their masters often used flags mod- eled on those of their oppressors.
    [Show full text]
  • Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746
    Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746 by Justin James Pope B.A. in Philosophy and Political Science, May 2000, Eckerd College M.A. in History, May 2005, University of Cincinnati M.Phil. in History, May 2008, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2014 Dissertation directed by David J. Silverman Professor of History The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Justin Pope has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2014. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the Great Awakening, 1729-1746 Justin Pope Dissertation Research Committee: David J. Silverman, Professor of History, Dissertation Director Denver Brunsman, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member Greg L. Childs, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2014 by Justin Pope All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments I feel fortunate to thank the many friends and colleagues, institutions and universities that have helped me produce this dissertation. The considerable research for this project would not have been possible without the assistance of several organizations. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the Maryland Historical Society, the Cosmos Club Foundation of Washington, D.C., the Andrew Mellon Fellowship of the Virginia Historical Society, the W. B. H. Dowse Fellowship of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Thompson Travel Grant from the George Washington University History Department, and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Fellowship all provided critical funding for my archival research.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 President's Report
    South Carolina Association of Counties 46th Annual Conference • August 4-7, 2013 2013 PresidentPresident’s Charles T. Edens Report SCAC 2012-2013 Officers President Charles T. Edens Sumter County Council First Vice President Second Vice President Joe Branham James R. Frazier Chester County Horry County Council Vice Chariman Council Past President Secretary Treasurer Joseph B. Dill William T. Noonan Belinda D. Copeland Greenville County Sumter County Darlington County Council Special Projects Director Treasurer South Carolina Association of Counties Charles T. Edens, President Sumter County Michael B. Cone Executive Director A Letter from the President Dear County Officials, The President’s Report is a reflection of the many programs and efforts of the South Carolina Association of Counties (SCAC) over the past year. As you know, it has been a very active and productive year. This is attributable to each one of you and the role you play in keeping this Association responsive to the ever-changing needs of county government. We hope you will take the time to read through this report to learn more about the Association’s many service programs and how they can assist your county. SCAC is one of the premier county associations in the country. We are fortunate to have strong leadership in our Board of Directors and a staff that is knowledgeable, capable, and responsive to your requests for assistance. I encourage each of you to continue to be actively involved in your Association. We face enormous challenges in the years ahead and we need to be vigilant to protect Home Rule. Specifically, we must work together to fight the private, out-of-state waste management companies in their push for the solid waste flow control bill, which would negatively impact all of our counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Begin Exercise at Byrnes Monument Found at Corner of Gervais & Sumter
    BEGIN EXERCISE AT BYRNES MONUMENT FOUND AT CORNER OF GERVAIS & SUMTER STREETS, THEN MOVE SOUTH 1. The citizens of South Carolina elected James F. Byrnes to which three offices? –––––––––––––––––––––– , –––––––––––––––––––––––– , ––––––––––––––––––––––––– What three federal offices was he appointed to? ––––––––––––––––––––––– , –––––––––––––––––––––––– , ––––––––––––––––––––––––– What was the title of Byrnes’ autobiography? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2. What three native South Carolinians served as generals in the American Revolution? –––––––––––––––––––––– , –––––––––––––––––––––––– , ––––––––––––––––––––––––– 3. In what war did Wade Hampton serve as a general? –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Fill in the names of the following three battles that Wade Hampton took part in: Cold –––––––––––––––––––––, –––––––––––––––burg, First –––––––––––––––––––––– After the war, Wade Hampton was elected to what two political offices? –––––––––––––––––––––– and ––––––––––––––––––––––– 4. What war did Richard Richardson serve in as a general of militia? ––––––––––––––––––––––––– Richardson Street in Columbia is now known by what name? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 5. Strom Thurmond served in what political office longer than any other person in American history except two? ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– What was unusual about the way in which he was elected to this office?–––––––––––––––––––––– What WWII battle did Thurmond take part in? –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– What other statewide office did Thurmond
    [Show full text]
  • South Carolina's Partisan
    SOWING THE SEEDS OF DISUNION: SOUTH CAROLINA’S PARTISAN NEWSPAPERS AND THE NULLIFICATION CRISIS, 1828-1833 by ERIKA JEAN PRIBANIC-SMITH A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Communication and Information Sciences in the Graduate School of The University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2010 Copyright Erika Jean Pribanic-Smith, 2010 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT Ultimately the first state to secede on the eve of the Civil War, South Carolina erupted in controversy following the 1828 passage of an act increasing duties on foreign imports for the protection of domestic industry. Most could agree that the tariff was unconstitutional, unequal in that it benefited the industrial North more than the agrarian South, and oppressive to plantation states that had to rely on expensive northern goods or foreign imports made more costly by the duties. Factions formed, however, based on recommended means of redress. Partisan newspapers of that era became vocal supporters of one faction or the other. What became the Free Trade Party by the end of the Nullification Crisis began as a loosely-organized group that called for unqualified resistance to what they perceived as a gross usurpation of power by the federal government. The Union Party grew out of a segment of the population that was loyal to the government and alarmed by their opposition’s disunion rhetoric. Strong at the start due to tariff panic and bolstered by John C. Calhoun’s “South Carolina Exposition and Protest,” the Free Trade Party lost ground when the Unionists successfully turned their overzealous disunion language against them in the 1830 city and state elections.
    [Show full text]
  • Decision at Fort Sumter
    -·-~• .}:}· ~- ·-.:: • r. • • i DECISION AT FORT SUMTER Prologue In 1846 Congressman JeffeLson Davis of Mississippi presented to the House of Representatives a resolution calling for the replace- ment of Federal troops in all coastal forts by state militia. The proposal died in committee and shortly thereafter Davis resigned from Congress to lead the red-shirted First Mississippi Rifles to war and (~~-ll glory in Mexico. Now it was the morning of April 10, 1861, and Davis was President of the newly proclaimed Confederate States of America. As he met with his cabinet in a Montgomery, Alabama hotel room he had good reason to regret the failure of that resolution of fifteen years ago. For had it passed, he would not have had to make the decision he was about to make: Order Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard, commander of Confederate forces at Charleston, South Carolina to demand the surrender of the Federal garrison on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. But before Davis made this decision, other men had made other decisions -- decisions which formed a trail leading to that Montgomery hotel room on the morning of April 10, 1861. The War Department'~cision In a sense the first of those decisions went back to 1829 when the War Department dumped tons of granite rubble brougi1t from New England on a c.andspit at the mouth of Charleston harbor. On the foundation so formed a fort named after the South Carolina r - 2 - Revolutionary War hero, Thomas Sumter, was built. However it was built very slowly, as Congress appropriated the needed money in driblets.
    [Show full text]
  • Rebellions in America.Indd
    enslaved Africans. They didn’t Enslaved Africans Rebel speak English. It would usually Enslaved Africans plotted insurrections. take 6-8 months before they could speak English. Like other Enslaved Africans in the North Fight enslaved Africans they didn’t A rebellion would only have a chance have any maps, and didn’t know to succeed if Africans were armed. where they were. Whether they Unfortunately whites had more weapons, were on a plantation in Georgia since it was against the law for an African or Louisiana, it might take years to own a weapon. before they knew whether they were close to a free state or far In 1712 enslaved Africans were able to arm away. themselves. Twenty-fi ve enslaved Africans with guns and clubs decided to burn down But back home in Africa, the homes of white enslavers in New York many of these “new” enslaved City. Nine whites were killed in the attack. Africans had been warriors or Eventually, soldiers arrived and they leaders, and they were not defeated the rebelling Africans. Eighteen willing to accept slavery. Africans involved in the rebellion were Drums were used by killed. Whenever a rebellion was defeated Africans in America to Stono Rebellion usually everyone involved in the rebellion communicate and orga- One African, a man named was executed. nize. Jemmy, organized a rebellion in by using drums Africans could 1739. Jemmy had just recently Born in Africa, Enslaved in America communicate. At the time been kidnapped and brought Not every enslaved African planned a whites would have to walk or to America from Angola.
    [Show full text]
  • Papers of the Miller, Furman, and Dabbs Families
    Manuscripts Collections South Caroliniana Library University of South Carolina Papers of the Miller, Furman, and Dabbs Families Contact Information: South Caroliniana Library University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 803-777-3132 Email: [email protected] © 2018 University of South Carolina Libraries Selected Items From the Miller- Furman-Dabbs Family Papers This finding aid was produced using the Archivists' Toolkit June 07, 2011 University of South Carolina Selected Items From the Miller-Furman-Dabbs Family Papers Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................. 4 Scope and Contents note ............................................................................................................................... 5 Abbreviations / Legend ................................................................................................................................. 5 Controlled Access Headings.......................................................................................................................... 6 Collection Inventory ...................................................................................................................................... 7 1770s ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 1780s .......................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Descendants of Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico
    Descendants of Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico Generation 1 1. SMALLPOX CONJURER OF1 TELLICO . He died date Unknown. He married (1) AGANUNITSI MOYTOY. She was born about 1681. She died about 1758 in Cherokee, North Carolina, USA. He married (2) APRIL TKIKAMI HOP TURKEY. She was born in 1690 in Chota, City of Refuge, Cherokee Nation, Tennessee, USA. She died in 1744 in Upper Hiwasssee, Tennessee, USA. Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico and Aganunitsi Moytoy had the following children: 2. i. OSTENACO "OUTACITE" "USTANAKWA" "USTENAKA" "BIG HEAD" "MANKILLER OF KEOWEE" "SKIAGUSTA" "MANKILLER" "UTSIDIHI" "JUDD'S FRIEND was born in 1703. He died in 1780. 3. ii. KITEGISTA SKALIOSKEN was born about 1708 in Cherokee Nation East, Chota, Tennessee, USA. He died on 30 Sep 1792 in Buchanan's Station, Tennessee, Cherokee Nation East. He married (1) ANAWAILKA. She was born in Cherokee Nation East, Tennessee, USA. He married (2) USTEENOKOBAGAN. She was born about 1720 in Cherokee Nation East, Chota, Tennessee, USA. She died date Unknown. Notes for April Tkikami Hop Turkey: When April "Tikami" Hop was 3 years old her parents were murdered by Catawaba Raiders, and her and her 4 siblings were left there to die, because no one, would take them in. Pigeon Moytoy her aunt's husband, heard about this and went to Hiawassee and brought the children home to raise in the Cherokee Nation ( he was the Emperor of the Cherokee Nation, and also related to Cornstalk through his mother and his wife ). Visit WWW. My Carpenter Genealogy Smallpox Conjurer of Tellico and April Tkikami Hop Turkey had the following child: 4.
    [Show full text]