CREATE YEMEN BASELINE ASSESSMENT
Global Communities Yemen | March 2018
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BACKGROUND ...... 2 OBJECTIVE OF CREATE PROGRAM ...... 2 ABOUT BASELINE ASSESSMENT ...... 2 STUDY METHODOLOGY ...... 2 1. DATA COLLECTION TOOL ...... 2 2. DATA COLLECTION, DURATION AND ANALYSIS ...... 2 TARGETED AREAS AND RESPONDENTS DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 4 3. TARGETED AREAS ...... 4 4. RESPONDENTS DEMOGRAPHICS ...... 5 KEY FINDINGS ...... 8 1. WASH ...... 8 Availability of clean water ...... 8 Access to clean toilets and Availability of cleaning means ...... 11 Common hygiene practices ...... 12 2. NUTRITION ...... 13 Children in households suffering from malnutrition ...... 13 3. ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND MARKET SYSTEM (ERMS) ...... 13 3.1 Problems because of not having enough income ...... 13 Vocational trainings in Aden ...... 18 4. FOOD SECURITY AND LIVELIHOOD (ONLY LAHJ AND DHALE) ...... 19 Households having livestock ...... 19 Experience in livestock and means to feed and take care of additional livestock ...... 20 Agriculture production ...... 21 5. OTHERS ...... 23 Problems caused by people’s displacement ...... 23 Receiving assistance from NGOs/charities or the government ...... 25 Problem because of inadequate aid ...... 26 Movement Constraints ...... 27 IDPs willing to return when situations are stable again ...... 27 ADDITIONAL BASELINE ASSESSMENT PICTURES ...... 29
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 1 Background Building upon our success in implementing the Emergency Assistance to Support Yemeni Communities (EASE) and Yemen Early Recovery Support (YERS), Global Communities has designed the Continued Recovery, Emergency Assistance, and Training Engagement in Yemen (CREATE Yemen) program with the goal of meeting continued humanitarian assistance and early recovery needs of vulnerable and conflict-affected populations in southern Yemen through a holistic approach to bolstering food security and livelihoods, improving WASH outcomes, and promoting economic opportunities in Aden, Lahj, and Dhale Governorates.
Objective of CREATE Program
Objective 1: Improve household food security and livelihoods through the provision of agricultural inputs, including seeds, tools, and livestock;
Objective 2: Provide income generation opportunities for vulnerable households through market-driven vocational training, support to asset building groups, and cash-for-work opportunities; and
Objective 3: Improve community hygiene practices.
The 18-month project will address the needs of 164,906 vulnerable beneficiaries (23,558 households).
About Baseline Assessment This baseline assessment was undertaken to confirm the needs of people in the targeted areas and the activities that have been designed within CREATE Yemen, as well as to establish a base level for the output, outcome, and impact indicators of the program. To achieve this, Global Communities targeted 2,098 respondents which is 25% of the total targeted beneficiaries of CREATE Yemen program. An end-line evaluation will be undertaken during the final months of the program, which will collect the same data in order to measure change between the baseline and end-line assessment. Through the comparison process between baseline and end-line assessments, Global Communities will have better understanding about the impact of CREATE Yemen Program.
Study Methodology
1. Data Collection Tool
The baseline assessment was conducted using a survey instrument to collect quantitative data. Global Communities in its previous programs modified a Multi-Cluster/Sector initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) to develop our baseline survey and the same assessment is modified to be used in CREATE Yemen program. The situation in Yemen has remained fluid due to the ongoing conflict, and Global Communities wants to ensure that all proposed activities were still relevant and appropriate to current beneficiary needs on the ground.
2. Data Collection, Duration and Analysis
Initially, 14 Global Communities team members including Community Mobilizers and M&E Assistants (11 Community Mobilizers and 3 M&E Assistants) participated in data collection process for this baseline assessment, with another 11 enumerators joining to increase the
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 2 number of data collectors to 25. The data collection team included 11 females. The baseline began on February 15, 2018 and continued until March 5, 2018 for a total duration of two weeks and three days (total 13 working days). The data collected using mobile data collection application Fulcrum and analysed using Microsoft Excel.
Figure 1: Data Collectors per Governorate
5 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0
CMs CMs CMs
M&E M&E M&E
Enumerators Enumerators Enumerators 8 10 7 Aden Lahj Dhale
Male Female Total
Figure 2: Data Collector surveying a Beneficiary Household in Tuban District, Lahj Governorate
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 3 Targeted Areas and Respondents Demographics
3. Targeted Areas
Data was collected in three southern governorates of Yemen - Aden, Lahj and Dhale. The number of villages across the target governorates varies. In Aden three villages were targeted: Castro, Al Mazare’a and Al Dakka; in Lahj five villages were targeted: Kod Duees, Al Sawalha, Al Maqam, Al Musymeer Capital and Hagar; and in Dhale three villages were selected: Al Dabyat, Noman and Abab.
Within the total of 2,098 respondents in our targeted areas, the majority were in Lahj Governorate (42%), 37% were in Aden Governorate and 21% in Dhale Governorate. Table 1 and Figure 3 below provide more detailed information.
Table 1: Data Collectors per Governorate
Sample Sample Governorate Registered District Sub District Village Registered Governorate Villages Maalla Maalla Castro 403 Aden 767 Dar Saad Dar Saad Al Mazare'a 212 Buraiqah Buraiqah Al Dakka 152 Tuban Tuban Kod Duees 174 Maqaterah Maqaterah Al Sawalha 176
Lahj 887 Qabbaitah Qabbaitah Al Maqam 185 Musaymir Musaymir Musymeer Capital 173 Milah Milah Hagar 179 Ad Dhale’e Ad Dhale’e Al Dabyat 216 Dhale 444 Noman 23 Azariq Azariq Abab 205 Total 2,098
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 4 Figure 3: Respondents per Governorate
4. Respondents Demographics
Households Composition: The average household size is six members and the ratio between male and female is almost similar. Fifty-one percent (51%) of assessed household members are male and 49% are female. The total household members are 11,971. Table 2 below provides additional details of households’ composition.
Table 2: Household Composition per District
Family Members Number Governorate District Sub District surveyed Average per Total Female Male HH Maalla Maalla 403 2,144 1,060 1,084 5 Aden Dar Saad Dar Saad 212 1,163 571 592 5
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 5 Buraiqah Buraiqah 152 787 407 380 5 Tuban Tuban 174 1,193 572 621 7 Maqaterah Maqaterah 176 972 491 481 6 Lahj Qabbaitah Qabbaitah 185 1,009 502 507 5 Musaymir Musaymir 173 947 480 467 5 Milah Milah 179 917 464 453 5 Ad Dhale’e Ad Dhale’e 216 1,397 671 726 6 Dhale Azariq Azariq 228 1,342 654 688 6 Total 2,098 11,871 5,872 5,999 6
Respondents Gender Composition: Of the total of 2,098 respondents, 17% were female (362 respondents). This is likely a result of Yemen’s traditional cultural norms that would make it more difficult for a female to speak with a male data collector. Within the 362 female respondents the majority were in Lahj (45%), 31% in Aden and 24% in Dhale.
Table 3: Respondents Gender Composition
% of Governorate District Sub District Village Male Female Total Female Maalla Maalla Castro 333 70 403 17% Aden Dar Saad Dar Saad Al Mazare'a 186 26 212 12% Buraiqah Buraiqah Al Dakka 138 14 152 9% Tuban Tuban Kod Duees 153 21 174 12% Maqaterah Maqaterah Al Sawalha 135 41 176 23% Qabbaitah Qabbaitah Al Maqam 144 41 185 22% Lahj Musymeer Musaymir Musaymir 141 32 173 18% Capital Milah Milah Hagar 150 29 179 16% Ad Dhale’e Ad Dhale’e Al Dabyat 179 37 216 17% Dhale Noman 22 1 23 4% Azariq Azariq Abab 155 50 205 24% Total 1,736 362 2,098 17%
Respondents Age Composition: For this assessment we divided the age composition into three categories - the first one from age 18 to 30 years old, the second category from 31 to 45 years old, and last category above 46 years old. Similar to our previous assessments in Yemen the average of youth (between 18-30) participation in this study is lower than the rest of age categories - their participation was only 15% or 321, of them 151 in Lahj, 131 in Aden and 57 in Dhale. This is due to ongoing conflict and poor economic situation resulting in young men moving to urban areas in search for jobs, or some of them joining the army or other armed groups. The table
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 6 below illustrates the respondents age composition, with the majority of our respondents between 31 and 45 years old (43%) followed by those above 46 years of age (41%).
Table 4: Respondents Age Composition
Governorate District Sub District 18 - 30 Yr. 31 - 45 Yr. 46 and Above Total
Maalla Maalla 49 162 192 403
Aden Dar Saad Dar Saad 30 107 75 212
Buraiqah Buraiqah 34 67 51 152
Tuban Tuban 37 74 63 174
Maqaterah Maqaterah 23 80 73 176
Lahj Qabbaitah Qabbaitah 50 70 65 185
Musaymir Musaymir 22 70 81 173
Milah Milah 19 81 79 179
Ad Dhale’e Ad Dhale’e 24 92 100 216 Dhale Azariq Azariq 33 105 90 228 Total 321 908 869 2,098
Respondents Marital Status: Figure 4 shows that majority of female respondents are widows (53%), or 192 out of 362, while the majority of men are married (97%). The high percentage of widows reflects the reality on the ground resulting from the ongoing ongoing conflict.
Overall, 1,794 of the respondents were married, 2% were single and 2% were divorced, among single respondents 17 were male and 15 female, while 30 of the divorced were female and 6 were male. Finally, 1% of the respondents were abandoned of which 22 of them were female and only 1 was male.
Figure 4: Marital Status of Males versus Females
Male Female 97.4%
53.0%
28.5%
8.3% 4.1% 6.1% 1.0% 0.3% 1.2% 0.1%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 7 Figure 5: Respondents Marital Status
1794 1691
192 213 103 17 15 32 6 30 36 21 1 22 23
Married Single Divorced Widows Abandoned
Male Female Total
Key Findings 1. WASH
Availability of clean water
Of the total number of respondents 1,346, or 64%, stated that there is serious problem in their households because they do not have enough water that is safe for drinking or cooking, while 740 of them, or 35%, stated that there is not any serious problem and 12, or 1%, were not sure whether there is any serious problem or not, (Figure 6).
Figure 6: Problem for not Having Clean Water
1%
35%
64%
Yes No Do Not Know
Respondents use different sources of water for their daily use, 32% use more than one source including getting water from humanitarian assistance. Among the 2,069 of respondents who answered this question, piped water is number one available source which is used by 1,006, or 49%, of the households, with unprotected open wells as second available source used by 454, or 22%, of households. Both traditional water sellers and rainwater are used by 30% of households - traditional water sellers are the source of water of 374, or 18%, of households while rainwater is used by 238 households (12%) as a source of water. Ten percent (198
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 8 households) use other sources that were not mentioned in our list, the majority stated that they get water from farms or other households, while others buy water from market.
As illustrated in Figure 7, 188 households (9%) have access to water through water tanker with pipe network in the houses, 138 households, or 7%, have access to water through surface water and same percent are using borehole with functioning motor pump as a source of water, 5% (105 households) have access to water through water tankers with no network in the house, 69 households, or 3%, have access to water through borehole or well with functioning hand pump, 58 households (3%) have access to water through protected open well, 50 households or 2% through humanitarian assistance, and finally, 28 households or 1% get water from mosques.
Figure 7: The Main Sources of Water for Households
Piped water 49% Unprotected open well 22% Traditional water sellers 18% Rainwater 12% Other 10% Water tanker with pipe network in the house 9% Surface water 7% Borehole or well with functioning motor pump 7% Water tanker with no network in the house 5% Borehole or well with functioning hand pump 3% Protected open well 3% Humanitarian assistance 2% Mosque water supply 1%
Almost all respondents (99%) across the 10 districts use four types of storage to store their drinking water – 78% (1,643) store their water in jerry cans, 713 households, or 34%, in water tanks, 280 households (13%) store in pots, another 13% (279) of them store water in drums and only 1% (17 households) stated that they use other storages to store their drinking water, (Please see Figure 8 below). Pots and drums are not common type of water storage in Lahj Governorate, only 15 households reported that they use these two types of storage, while in Al-Dhale’e District in Dhale Governorate the majority are using drums. In Lahj’s Musaymir and Milah districts the majority of households are water tank users, and the other seven districts across all three governorates jerry cans are number one storage used to store drinking water.
Most households (92%) drink untreated water, the rest (8%) use different ways to treat their water, with 63 households, or 3%, reporting that they use silver ceramic filter to treat water, 2% filter water through a clean cloth, 2% use chlorine, 1% use boiling and 0.5% use Aquatabs/PUR.
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 9 Figure 8: Where Households Store Drinking Water
Jerry can 78%
Water Tank 34%
Pot 13%
Drum 13%
Other 1%
Figure 9: Main Ways Households Treat Drinking Water
Do not usually treat water 92.0%
Silver Ceramic Filter 3.0%
Settling/filtering using a clean cloth 2.0%
Chlorine 1.9%
Boiling 0.9%
Aquatabs/PUR 0.5%
Figure 10: Households Covering Drinking Water Figure 10 illustrates that 91% of households cover their water 8% 1% containers, however, the majority, 531 households (25%) rarely clean these containers as shown below in Figure 11, and 295 households (14%) never clean them. 12% of the households clean their water containers daily, 91% 13% every three days, 11% weekly, and the rest between two Yes No Do Not Know
weeks to a month.
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 10
Figure 11: Frequency in which Households Clean Drinking Water Container
Rarely 25%
Monthly 18%
Never 14%
Every 3 days 13%
Daily 12%
Weekly 11%
Bi-weekly 6%
1.1.1 Number of litres of water households use yesterday
The quantities of water needed for domestic use is context based, and may vary according to the climate, the availability of sanitation facilities, people’s personal habits, their religious and cultural practices, the food they cook, the clothes they wear, etc. However, according to Sphere Standards water intake for the survival needs (drinking and food) is 2.5-3 litres per day, the need for basic hygiene practices is 2-6 litres per day, the need for basic cooking is 3- 6 litres per day and the total is 7.5-15 litres per day. Using Sphere Standards, Global Communities calculated the daily water need of each household (assuming an average household size of seven people) is 52.5-105 litres/household/day.
Table 5 illustrates that 103 households out of 2,098, or 5% consumed less than the Sphere Standard minimal 52.5 litres in one day, 29% (598 households) consumed between 52.5-105 litres of water in one day which is within the standard of sphere, and 1,397, or 67% of the households used more than 105 litres of water per day. As in previous years, we believe that respondents are over reporting their daily water use, as it can be quite difficult to estimate.
Table 5: Water Consumption by District
Access to clean toilets and Availability of cleaning means The assessment shows that 32% of the households across the three governorates believe that there is a serious problem in their households due to lack of easy and safe access to clean toilets, the majority are in Lahj by 45%, Dhale 32% then Aden 17%. Also 41% of the respondents stated that they are facing serious problem because it is difficult to keep clean for different reasons, including lack of soap, water or suitable place to wash. When asked t
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 11 whether they have place to wash their hands with soap and clean water 62% of them answered with “No”, in Lahj 78%, in Dhale 76% and in Aden 46%.
Figure 12: No access to clean toilet Figure 13: Not having cleaning means Figure 14: Place to wash hands with soap
2% 2% 0% 32% 38% 41% 57% 62% 66%
Yes No Do Not Know Yes No Do Not Know Yes No Do Not Know
Common hygiene practices Figure 15: Frequency of washing hands with soap Within our study we asked respondents questions about their daily hygiene habits 17% and we found out (Figure 16) 1,654 (79%) wash their hands with soap, however, 34% Figure 15 shows that only 720, or 34% frequently wash their hands using soap, while the rest, 49% (1,020) only sometimes and 358, or 17%, rarely do. This result indicates a positive correlation with not 49% having cleaning means such as enough Always Sometimes Rarely soap, water or suitable place to wash (Figures 13 and 14).
Less than half of the respondents (46%), 964 out of 2098, wash their hands after changing baby diapers and 782, or 37%, wash before feeding an infant, 1,641, or 78% wash their hands before food preparation, 1,741, or 83% wash hands after using the bathroom and 1835, or 87% wash hands before eating.
Figure 16: Common Hygiene Practices by Households
Washing hands using soap 79%
Washing hands after changing baby diapers 46%
Washing hands before feeding an infant 37%
Washing hands before food preparation 78%
Washing hands after using the bathroom 83%
Washing hands before eating 87%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 12 2. Nutrition
2.1 Children in households suffering from malnutrition
Figure 17: Children Suffering from Malnutrition Overall, 427, 20% stated that they have at least one child suffering from malnutrition, 377 of them, or 88% attended a treatment program 20% while 50, or 12%, haven’t entered any treatment programs. These responses are self-reported, assessment teams did not use measurement tools, such as MUAC, to confirm.
According to WHO (World Health Organization) 80% malnutrition accounts for 11% of all diseases and causes long-term poor health and disability, it Yes No
also threatens a child’s education and the development of the world’s most vulnerable
countries.
Figure 18 Children suffering from malnutrition who attended a treatment program
12%
88%
Yes No
3. Economic Recovery and Market System (ERMS)
3.1 Problems because of not having enough income
The responses for the income related question Figure 19: Problems because of not having enough were similar in the three governorates, which income indicates the effect of current conflict on people’s assets and livelihoods. Of the total of 2,098 14% 1% respondents, 1793, or 85%, stated that there is a serious problem in their households because they do not have enough income, money or resources to live (93% in Lahj, 91% in Dhale and 74% in Aden). 85%
Yes No Do Not Know
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 13 Figure 20: Problems because of not having enough income per governorate
91% 93%
74%
26%
7% 7% 2% 0% 0%
Yes No Do Not Yes No Do Not Yes No Do Not Know Know Know Dhale Aden Lahj
Source of income: The majority of respondents’ source of income is either daily work or governmental jobs. Most households indicated multiple sources of income. Figure 21 below illustrates that in the three governorates 908 households, or 43%, have daily work, 872, or 42% have government job, 162, or 8% pastoralism is the source of their income, also 120, or 6% get support from friends/relatives, 117 households reported that they don’t have any source of income at all. 75, or 4% have agriculture as the source of income and 7% have different sources like, support from NGOs or from government, agro-pastoralism, small businesses or trading.
Figure 21: Main sources of income
Daily work 43% Government job 42% Pastoralism 8% Support from friends/relatives 6% No income 6% Agriculture 4% NGO/charity support 2% Small businesses/trading 2% Agro-pastoralism 2% Government support 1%
Figure 22 below shows that daily work is the primary income source in Aden, 415 households, or 53%, while in Dhale government jobs are the main source of income, and in Lahj, both daily works and governorate jobs are source of income by 34% for each.
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 14
Figure 22: Main source of income in each governorate
53%
44%
35%
34%
34%
24%
12%
7%
7%
6% 6%
6%
6%
4%
3%
3%
3%
2%
2%
2% 2%
1%
1% 1%
1%
0%
0% 0% 0% 0%
Dhale Aden Lahj
Income: Overall, 838, or 40% of respondents, reported that their monthly income is between 20,000 to 40,000 Yemeni Ryals (YR) equivalent to $80-$160 at the current official exchange rate (45% in Aden, 39% in Lahj and 34% in Dhale). 511, or 24% of respondents’ monthly income is between 40,000 to 65,000 YR ($160-$260), 411, and 20% have 65,000 to 20,000 YR ($26-$80 per month), 71 of them or 3% have 65,000 YR ( $26) or less per month, and 267, have 65,000 YR ($260) or more per month.
Figure 23: Household's Monthly Income
65,000 YR or more 13%
40,000 YR to 65,000 YR 24%
20,000 YR to 40,000 YR 40%
6,500 YR to 20,000 YR 20%
6,500 YR or less 3%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 15
Figure 24: Household's Monthly Income per Governorate
45%
39%
34%
29%
25%
22%
20%
20%
19%
14%
13%
12%
5%
5% 1%
Dhale Aden Lahj
3.1.1 Amount of money spent on items
As part of our assessment we needed to understand how our respondents’ households prioritize their basic needs and how they spend their small income on them, hence, we asked them on what item they spend their monthly income. Almost all respondents answered this question (2,088) answered this question, and Figure 25 below illustrates that 2,077 (99%) of households spend their monthly income to buy food spending an average of 33,633 YR ($135) per households per month; 768, or 37% of them spend 9,694 YR ($39) in hospitals, medicines and any other health related treatments;176, or 8% reported that they spend 19,314 YR ($77) per month on renting house and 88 of them or 4% said they spend 10,909 YR ($44) to support their relatives. Also, 273, or 13% reported that they spend 3,350 YR ($13) per month on other items, like transportation, school expenses, electricity, paying back debts, buying water and taking care of their livestock.
Figure 25: Spending money on items
Food 99%
Medical 37%
Other 13%
Rent 8%
Gift/Shared with relatives 4%
Saving 3%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 16
Table 6: Amount of money spent on each item
Item Rent Saving Gifts/Shared with relatives Food Medical Others Total 3,399,230 1,143,250 960,000 69,856,625 7,444,630 7,028,509 Average 19,314 17,322 10,909 33,633 9,694 3,350
3.1.2 Number of Hakbas/Savings Groups
Figure 26: Hakhbas/savings groups Global Communities will conduct a round of training-of- exists trainers (TOT) in each targeted governorate that will provide a cadre of approximately 12 individuals with the 12% knowledge and skills to identify and establish 25 asset 25% building groups (ABGs) in the targeted communities. ABG members will participate in a series of trainings that will cover three critical areas: asset incorporation, business management and savings and lending.
As a part of the assessment, we asked respondents if Hakbas/savings groups already existed in their 63% communities and we received different answers that Yes No Do Not Know was based on their knowledge. Figure 27 illustrates the average of figures we received from respondents; in the three provinces there are 29 ABGs. Five of them are in Lahj Governorate, one in each district. In Aden, there are 13 - three in Dar Saad District, five in Maalla District and five in Buraiqah District. Dhale has 10 hakbas/savings groups with seven in Ad Dhale’e District and three in Azariq District.
Figure 27: Number of hakhbas/asset building groups in districts
Tuban 1
Milah 1
5 Maqater 1 Lahj Musaymir 1
Qabbaitah 1
Dar Saad 3
13 Maalla 5 Aden Buraiqah 5
Ad Dhale’e 7 10
Dhale Azariq 3
Figure 28, provides a breakdown of general ABG related questions. The table below shows there are 42% of respondents that have skills related to investing and saving for an income generating project. Over half of respondents (53%) indicated an interest to work on or manage
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 17 small projects. The table also indicates that 14% of respondents have worked in business management and 10% have stated there are funding and credit institutions within their community. 52% of respondents are interested in attending trainings relating to small enterprise and ABG management and 52% have shown interest in joining ABGs.
Figure 28 General ABG Related Questions
Respondents mentioned topics that they are interested to take in ABG activity and most of them chose more than one topic. Of them, 51% (335) interested in establishment of small enterprises, 456, or 22%, are interested in loan and saving topics, 335, or 16%, are interested in establishing and managing groups. Conflict management was a topic that 57 (3%) of respondents said they are interested and 31 of them or 1% reported that they are interested in other topics.
Figure 29: ABG Training Topics of Interest to Respondents
Establishment of small enterprises 51% Loan and Saving 22% Establish and manage groups 16% entrepreneurship 7% Conflict Management 3% Other 1%
3.2 Vocational trainings in Aden As part of CREATE Yemen we will provide short vocational trainings to 225 unemployed youth in Aden Governorate. Out of 760 respondents in Aden 339 of them, or 44% stated that they or/and their family members will attend vocational training or, of them 324, or 96% will commit to the duration of trainings.
Respondents (and/or members of their households) stated that they are interested in the following vocational training topics: 139 out of 324, or 43%, are interested in tailoring, 125, or 39%, in hairdressing, 111, or 34%, in electrical installation. Also, 79 of respondents are interested in plumbing, 73, or 23%, in renewable energy, 63, or 19%, in construction and 58 or 18%, stated that they are interested in graphics designing. The majority of respondents (93%) are not currently engaged with other activities, and can participate in the trainings.
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 18 Figure 30: Vocations of Interest to Respondents and their Household Members
Tailoring (sewing) 43% Hair dressing 39% Electrical installations 34% Plumbing 24% renewable energy 23% Construction 19% Graphic 18%
Figure 31: Respondents and Household Members Interested in Vocational Training Current Status
Not Engaged 93%
Study 7%
Work 6%
Other 1%
4. Food Security and Livelihood (Only Lahj and Dhale)
4.1 Households having livestock
For the food security and livelihood component we Figure 32: Households owning livestock only targeted Lahj and Dhale governorates, for a total of 1331 respondents (877 in Lahj Governorate and 444 in Dhale Governorate). 26% Of the 1,331 households, 74% (985) have livestock - 317 in Dhale and 668 in Lahj. In Dhale governorate, 130 households, or 41% are in Ad Dhale’e District and 187, or 59% in Azariq District. In Lahj Governorate out of 688 households that have 74% livestock, 155 of them, or 23%, are in Tuban District, 115, or 17%, in Milah District, 128, or 19%, in Maqatera District, 99, or 15%, in Musaymir District Yes No and 171, or 26%, in Qabaitah District.
Figure 33: Households with Livestock by District
Ad Dhale’e 41% 317
Dhale Azariq 59% Tuban 23% Milah 17%
Maqatera 19%
668 Lahj Musaymir 15% Qabbaitah 26%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 19
Figure 34 illustrates kinds of livestock the households in both Dhale and Lahj governorates currently own. Most respondents 57% have goats, 46% are sheep, 6% are cows and 1% are camels. Most of the households own more than one kind of livestock (Table 7), out of the total of 1,331 households, 757 of them own 3,591 goats (average of 5 goats per household), 615 of them have 2,049 sheep (3 sheep per house), 77 household own 105 cows (1 to 2 cows per household) and 12 households have 24 camels (2 camels per household).
Figure 34: Kind of livestock households currently own
Goats 57%
Sheep 46%
Cows 6%
Camel 1%
Table 7: Number of livestock own by households
Kind of livestock Camel Cows Sheep Goats Total 24 105 2049 3591 Average per HH 2 1-2 3 5
4.2 Experience in livestock and means to feed and take care of additional livestock Overall, members of 732 households (55%) have experience in animal health care, 954 of them, or 72% have the means of feeding and taking care of additional livestock, 309 of the households, or 23%, have at least a member of family that works as herdsman and 90% (1,200) have members with animal husbandry experience.
Figure 35: Livestock Experience and Means to Feed and Care for Additional Livestock
Experience in animal health care 55%
Households having the means of feeding and taking care 72% of additional livestock
Members of households work as herdsman 23%
Members of households have experience in animal 90% husbandry
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 20 4.3 Agriculture production
4.3.1 Farmers, upcoming challenges and land statuses
Figure 36: Number of Farmers 30% of the assessment respondents (400 out of 1,331) are farmers, of whom, 368 own agricultural lands, 6.3% (25) are tenants, two lease their lands 30% and 1.3% (five) have a combination of owning, tenants and leased lands. (Figure 37)
Farmers are expecting challenges in the upcoming seasons, with the major challenges 70% within five categories: lack of seeds, water, tools are the top three challenges, with the lack of tractors and damaged fields which they cannot Yes No use before they maintain them. Most of the respondents highlighted more than one anticipated challenge, 323 of them, or 81% stated that lack of seed will be their main challenge, 315, 79%, stated that lack of water, 222, or 56%, stated that lack of tool will be one of the challenge while 172 of them, or 43%, stated that lack of access to tractors will be a challenge also. Damaged field was one of the challenges that mentioned by 110 respondents, or 28% and 41 of them, or 10% said other challenges are going to face them like, inflation, high price of fuel and high price of pesticides. (Figure 38)
Figure 37: What is the status of the land you cultivate?
Owner 92.0%
Tenant 6.3%
Cultivate some own 1.3% and, some leased/ tenant land
Lease 0.5%
Figure 38: Three main challenges for the upcoming season this year
Lack of seeds 81%
Lack of water 79%
Lack of tools 56%
Lack of access to tractor 43%
Damaged fields 28%
Other 10%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 21 4.3.2 Irrigation
Figure 39: Households using the same source of irrigation as before conflict Among all farmers, 76% of them still use the same source of irrigation as before conflict and 24% some of them use more than one source. The majority of farmers (81%) use rain water as the source of irrigation. 56 of them, or 14% use tube wells and 37 of them, or 9%, use irrigation channel, although there are 89 farmers that 76% they have irrigation source and they are functioning now. 249, or 62% do not use canal irrigation Yes No normally.
Figure 40: Current Irrigation Sources
81%
14% 9% 5%
Rain Water Tube well Irrigation Channel Other
Figure 41 Irrigation Source Currently Functional
62%
22% 12% 4%
Don not normally use canal Yes No Other irrigation
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 22 4.3.3 Challenges facing families in term of food for the next 6 months
The majority of respondents stated that insufficient cash to buy food for their families is their biggest challenge for the upcoming six months - 393 household representatives answered this question in both Dhale and Lahj governorates and most of them selected three challenges, of them 270, or 87% stated that insufficient cash to buy food is their biggest challenge for the next six months, 340 of them, or 69% stated that they have insufficient harvest on their own land, while 147 of respondents or 37% reported that debts on loans is their one of the biggest challenge for next six months.
On the other hand, 144 of them, or 37% reported not owning enough number of livestock will be one of their challenge, 109, or 28% are going to face the lack of fodder for their livestock, 36, or 9% will need support in term of livestock health and 19, or 5% reported that they will face other challenges like, not receiving wages on time and inflation in general.
Table 8: Main challenges in terms of feeding families for the next six months in each district
5. Others
5.1 Problems caused by people’s displacement
Figure 42 indicates that only 9% of respondents have identified Figure 42: Problems caused by problems within communities because of displacement. Their displacement problems, listed within table 8, shows the majority, 51 respondents (52%) stated that IDPs returning to their place of origin is unsafe 9% 9% due to the ongoing conflict. Lack of basic services was the second highest reason for IDPs not returning; this means that 41% of respondents think IDPs will not have access to electricity, water, food, and health care if they return. Other respondents, 48, or 27%, stated that return of IDPs is impossible at this moment. This reasoning is followed by the security situation in the place of origin or lack of transportation services both at 23%, respectively. Only 82% a small percentage, 4% of respondents are waiting for a structural assessment to be completed. This means that only 8 out of 2,098 Yes No Do Not Know respondents are waiting to know if their home is habitable before returning., Only 2%, or 4 respondents have varied reasons for not returning, they are: their houses damaged, or they are looking for jobs in current location.
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 23 Table 9: Reasons IDPs are not Returning Home
5.1.1 Concerns regarding the cohabitation between Hosts and IDP Communities
All respondents of our study (2,098) in the three governorates were asked whether there are concerns regarding the cohabitation between hosts and IDP communities, and most of them chose more than one option, of them, 1,557 (74%) think there are no problem between hosts and IDP communities in terms of cohabitation, 477, or 23%, think not having sufficient sheltered space is a cause of cohabitation issues between both communities, while 260, or 12%, believe that insufficient fuel and other resources is the concern. Unequal access to basic services and goods is another concern that was reported by 101, or 5%, security threats were reported by 63 respondents, or 3% as a concern and 16 of them, or 1%, think there are other concerns like spreading communicable diseases.
Figure 43: Concerns regarding the cohabitation between Hosts and IDP Communities
None 74%
Insufficient sheltered space 23%
Insufficient fuel, resources 12%
Unequal access to basic services and goods (specify) 5%
Security threats 3%
Other 1%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 24 5.2 Receiving Assistance from NGOs/charities or the government
Overall, only 24% of respondents are receiving Figure 44 Receiving assistance from assistance from Non-Governmental Organizations NGOs/charities or the government (NGOs), charities, or the Government of Yemen 1% (GoY), while 75% are not receiving any type of 24% assistance. Table 9 below categorizes which type of agencies are providing assistance to the 24% respondents. International NGOs are providing majority of the assistance to the 505 respondents; 46% of respondents (231) indicated that International NGOs are one of their source of 75% assistance. Local NGOs are providing assistance to 186, or 37% of which are mostly located in Musaymir Yes No Do Not Know District in Lahj. The amount of direct assistance provided by the United Nations (UN) and the GoY is significantly lower comparing to other NGOs; the UN is providing assistance to 56 respondents, or 11% and the GoY is providing assistance 36 respondents, or 7%. There are 25, or 5% of respondents that do not know who is providing direct assistance and 9, or 2% that have been classified as other. Examples of other include: charities or random people from the village.
Table 10: NGO/Charities and government operating in each district
5.2.1 Households on the Social Welfare Fund’s List
Out of 2,098 respondents, 226, or 11% are on the Social Welfare Fund’s List (SWF). Out of those on the list, 22, or 10% receive SWF payments on time, with 202, or 89% stating payments are delayed, and 1% unaware if payments are even received. Table 11 displays the average amount of payment received per household is 14,441 YR ($58). The minimum payment amount is 2,000 YR ($8) and the maximum payment amount is 20,000 YR ($80).
Figure 45: Households on the Social Welfare Fund's list Figure 46: Households receiving welfare payment on time
1% 11% 1% 10%
88% 89%
Yes No Do Not Know Yes No Do Not Know
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Table 11 SWF payment amount
Amount Average Max Min Amount (YR) 14,441 20,000 2000
5.3 Problems Related to Inadequate Aid 5.3.1 Problems in the delivery of humanitarian assistance
Figure 47 shows that 60% of respondents shared Figure 47 Problem because of challenges with the delivery of humanitarian assistance inadequate aid within their district. Per table 12 below, the majority of the respondents stated they did not know what issues are 14% causing delays in the delivery of humanitarian 26% assistance; that is, 58.4% of respondents (1,225) knew there were issues, but could not indicate what the issue was. Fighting between beneficiaries was the second highest reason, with 447 of respondents (21.3%). Not enough assistance available was selected as one of the options available, with 377 or 18% of responses 60% indicated there were more people in need of assistance Yes No Do Not Know than supplies distributed. There were 223 responses, or 10.6% showing when assistance was distributed, it did not match the needs of the community. There are 177 responses, or 8.4% stating there are some vulnerable groups not receiving any aid. There were 81 responses (3.9%) indicating there were other issues such as they either did not receive any assistance before or they stated that there were no problems. There were 42 responses, or 2% stating there were non- affected groups demanding humanitarian assistance. 36 of responses, or 1.7% stated that political interference affected the delivery of aid. There were 9 responses, or 0.4% that indicated the assistance delivered was physically too heavy or bulky for the vulnerable population within the community to take. There were 8 responses, or 0.4% that stated assistance distributed was disrupted by an attack. There were no responses gathered relating to security constraints and the delay of humanitarian assistance delivery.
Table 12: Problems in the delivery of humanitarian assistance
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 26 5.4 Movement Constraints Figure 48: Problem due to movement Figure 48 on the right shows 74% of respondents restrictions indicating no movement restrictions within their community or between districts. However, out of 2,098, 13% 13% 13% stated there are movement restrictions; Table 13 below illustrates the main reasons for movement restrictions. The majority of respondents, 86.6% indicated the main issue with movement is the lack of transportation. Natural obstacles are the second highest reason with 24.7% of respondents choosing this option. The lack of improper infrastructure was also 74% selected by 24.7% of respondents. The lack of Yes No Do Not Know identification and/or travel documents needed for movement was chosen as a restriction by 21.6% of respondents, with majority, at 48%, located within the Tuban District of Lahj. The activity of armed groups and the presence of land mines were selected by 8.5% and 3.5% of respondents, respectively. 2.1% of respondents selected other as the primary reason for movement restriction, while 1.8% of respondents selected general violence and serious crime as the main reasons. Tribal conflict was chosen by 1.1% of respondents. Curfews and gender discrimination were each chosen by 0.4% of the respondents.
Table 13 : Reasons for Movement Restrictions
5.5 IDPs willing to return when situations are stable again Figure 49: IDPs willing to return Out of 2,098 respondents, 23 were IDPs. Figure 49 shows that 52% of IDPs willing to return to their place of origin is 52% and those not willing to return are 48%. Figure 50 categorizes the
reasons why the 48% are not willing to return. 48% For the majority of respondents (58%) choosing 52% other as the primary reason for not returning. Examples of these “other” reasons are: find job in new location. The family home is too damaged to repair was the second highest Yes No selection, with 33% of respondents. The third and final choice selected was, extended family settled in their current location so there will no reason to return to the place of origin with 17% of respondents.
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Figure 50: Reasons IDPs Do Not Want to Return Home
Other 58% Family home is too damaged to repair 33% Extended family has settled in our new location 17% Risk of physical, sexual or domestic violence 0% Inability to access fuel sources (e.g. fuel or firewood) 0% Limited / no access to former socio-economic sources /… 0%
For those who are willing to return, 12 households, or 52% of respondents, have identified 8 different types of assistance needed to support their reintegration within their original communities. Access to food, transportation, and monetary support to rehabilitate their homes were all prioritized as assistance needed, with 50% of respondents choosing at least one of these three as their options. Access to potable water were chosen by 42% of respondents. Access to functional sanitation systems and socio-economic resources were each chosen by 25% of respondents, respectively. Other types of support were chosen by 2 households, 17% of respondents but they did not mention any specific type of support. There were no respondents that choose access to fuel as type of support needed to return to their place or origin.
Figure 51: Type of Support Needed for IDPs to Return Home
Access to food 50% Transportation assistance 50% Money to repair home 50% Access to potable water 42% Access to function sanitation systems 25% Access to socio-economic sources/ activities (e.g. new… 25% Other (specify): 17% Access to fuel sources (e.g. fuel or firewood) 0%
Global Communities Create Yemen Baseline Report 28 Additional Baseline Assessment Pictures
The pictures below show our data collection teams conducting the survey with beneficiaries in Aden, Lahj and Dhale governorates
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