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Drosophila Suzukii, Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, T.E

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Drosophila Suzukii, Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, T.E Drosophila suzukii, Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan Description Adults of this species are small, robust flies 0.07-0.11 inches (2-3 mm) in length. Both sexes are reddish-brown in overall color, with dark cross bands on the abdomen. The eyes in live individuals are bright red. They are similar in appearance to other members of the family Drosophilidae, including the well-known laboratory “fruit fly” (Drosophila melanogaster), to which they are closely related. Males of the spotted wing drosophila are distinctive and easily separated from most similar species by the dark spot near the end of each wing. The females lack the dark spot but possess a distinctly saw-toothed egg-laying apparatus (ovipositor) that extends out of the tip of the abdomen. The latter is only visible under magnification of 10 times or higher. The LEFT: Spotted wing drosophila female on a fig. Photo species also goes by the common names cherry vinegar fly Jong-Seok Park, Louisiana State Arthropod Museum. RIGHT: Spotted wing drosophila male on a fig. Photo and Asian vinegar fly. Jong-Seok Park, Louisiana State Arthropod Museum. Larvae are small (up to 4 mm), elongated maggots that spend their development inside soft fruits. Life Cycle Adults are attracted to soft-skinned fruits, where they congregate and mate. The female pierces the skin of the fruit using her ovipositor and inserts eggs that hatch into minute maggots. The latter burrow into the flesh of the fruits in large numbers and undergo three developmental growth stages (instars) before emerging and transforming into a pupa (the developmental stage between larva and adult). After emerging from the pupae, adults require a few days for maturation and mating, and the cycle is repeated. Development is highly dependent on temperature, but in Louisiana during summer it may require as few as 10 days from egg to adult, with many generations during a typical Fig infested with spotted wing drosophila. Photo Jong- growing season in the southern U.S. Seok Park, Louisiana State Arthropod Museum. Visit our website: www.lsuagcenter.com Ecological Significance Control and Pest Status Developing successful control strategies of spotted Fruit growers in Louisiana began to notice infestations wing drosophila has proven difficult. Chemical control has of spotted wing drosophila about 2012. Fig trees in Baton limited efficacy, may not be practical on small fruit crops Rouge were particularly hard hit, rendering ripening and may result in resistance in this rapidly reproducing figs inedible within two weeks of first observations species. Cultural controls such as screening, burying fruit of infestations. The species is a pest of many types of harvest residues and elimination of nearby wild hosts thin-skinned fruits, including figs, grapes, strawberries, may be effective on high-value crops. Careful monitoring blueberries, cherries, blackberries, and peaches and other of orchards and residential fruit trees may prompt rapid stone fruits. Wild hosts in Louisiana include elderberries harvesting before infestations build up. In short, if spotted (Sambucus sp.), pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) and wing drosophila are observed, enjoy your figs as soon as muscadines (Vitis sp.). The stout, saw-toothed ovipositor of they start ripening. You have more than birds and squirrels the females allows penetration of the skin of these fruits, that are competing for them. unlike most other drosophilids that possess simple tubular ovipositors. Pome and citrus fruits are less susceptible References unless the skin is broken, providing an access point for Asplen, M. K., G. Anfora, A. Biondi, D.-S. Choi, D. Chu, egg laying. The species spread rapidly across the North K. M. Daane, P. Gibert, A. P. Gutierrez, K. A. Hoelmer, W. American continent beginning about 2008 and has spread D. Hutchison, R. Isaacs, Z.-L. Jiang, Z. Karpati, M. T. Kimura, to many other parts of the world from its native range in M. Pascual, C. R. Philips, C. Plantamp, L. Ponti, G. Vetek, H. Asia. It is now present in virtually every fruit-growing region Vogt, V. M. Walton, Y. Yu, L. Zappala, and N. Desneux. 2015. in the Northern Hemisphere, South America and North Invasion biology of spotted wing Drosophila (Drosophila Africa. Aggressive biosecurity measures have thus far kept it suzukii): a global perspective and furture priorities. Journal out of Australia and New Zealand. of Pest Science 88: 469-494. Authors: Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagann William B. Richardson, LSU Vice President for Agriculture Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service LSU College of Agriculture Pub. 3678 (500) 3/19 The LSU AgCenter and LSU provide equal opportunities in programs and employment. Visit our website: www.lsuagcenter.com.
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