ENERGY INSECURITY IN ASIA Challenges, Solutions, and

Edited by Naoyuki Yoshino, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Youngho Chang, and Thai-Ha Le

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE Energy Insecurity in Asia Challenges, Solutions, and Renewable Energy

Edited by Naoyuki Yoshino, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Youngho Chang, and Thai-Ha Le

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK INSTITUTE © 2020 Asian Development Bank Institute

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ISBN 978-4-89974-111-4 (Print) ISBN 978-4-89974-112-1 (PDF)

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Asian Development Bank Institute Kasumigaseki Building 8F 3-2-5, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 100-6008, Japan www.adbi.org Contents

Tables, Figures, and Box v Abbreviations x List of Contributors xii

Introduction 1 Naoyuki Yoshino, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Youngho Chang, and Thai-Ha Le

PART I 1 The Role of Renewable Energy in Resolving Energy Insecurity in Asia 11 Hooman Peimani and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary 2 Energy Challenges for Clean Cooking in Asia, the Background, and Possible Policy Solutions 35 Hadi Farabi-Asl, Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Andrew Chapman, Saeid Mohammadzadeh Bina, and Kenshi Itaoka 3 Renewable Energy in Central Asian Economies: Role in Reducing Regional Energy Insecurity 60 Elena Shadrina 4 Role of Regional Cooperation and Integration in Resolving Energy Insecurity in South Asia 109 Tapan Sarker, Shanawez Hossain, and K. M. Nazmul Islam 5 Energy Insecurity and Renewable : Comparison of the People’s Republic of China and Japan 140 Zhihai Xie

PART II 6 Energy Insecurity and Renewable Energy Sources: Prospects and Challenges for 163 Ulviyye Aydin

!iii iv!Contents

7 Does Regulation Promote Sustainable Development Outcomes? Empirical Evidence from the Indian Sector 185 Gopal K. Sarangi, Arabinda Mishra, and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary 8 Energy Security and Risk Estimation for Integrated Renewable Energy in Central Asia 205 Keun Jung Lee and Sang Hyup Kim 9 Dimensions of Energy Insecurity on Small Islands: The Case of Maldives 224 Mohamed Shumais and Ibrahim Mohamed 10 Energy Insecurity in Pakistan: A Quantitative Approach to Policy 248 Sadia Malik, Maha Qasim, Hasan Saeed, Youngho Chang, and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary 11 Securing Access to Electricity with Variable Renewable Energy in the Philippines: Learning from the Nordic Model 276 Shinichi Taniguchi 12 Energy Insecurity in : Opportunities for Renewable Energy 313 Omid Shokri Kalehsar 13 Avoiding Energy Insecurity by Promoting Private Investment: The Case of Viet Nam’s Power Sector 33