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Zoogeographische, Ökologische Und Taxonomische Studie Zu Den ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo Jahr/Year: 2013 Band/Volume: 34 Autor(en)/Author(s): Freina Josef J. De Artikel/Article: Zoogeographische, ökologische und taxonomische Studie zu den Zwillingsarten Chilades trochylus Freyer, 1845 und Chilades putli Kollar, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae, Polyommatini) 145-160 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 34 (4): 145–160 (2014) 145 Zoogeographische, ökologische und taxonomische Studie zu den Zwillingsarten Chilades trochylus Freyer, 1845 und Chilades putli Kollar, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Lycaeninae, Polyommatini) Josef J. de Freina Dipl.­Ing. Josef J. de Freina, Eduard­Schmid­Straße 10, D­81541 München, Deutschland; [email protected] Zusammenfassung: Es werden Daten über die Taxonomie, Einleitung Öko logie und Zoogeographie der Zwillingsarten Chilades tro chylus (Freyer, 1845) und Chilades putli (Kollar, [1844] Die Zwillingsarten Chilades trochylus (Freyer, 1845) und zu sam mengefaßt und durch aktuelle Kenntnisse über Phä­ Chilades putli (Kollar, [1844] gelten als die kör per lich no lo gie, larvales Nahrungsspektrum und männliche Geni­ klein sten in der Tribus Polyommatini. Beide wei sen eine tal mor phologie ergänzt. Die tradierten Verbreitungsbilder für Ly caenidenarten ungewöhnlich groß räu mi ge Ver­ bei der Arten werden re vi diert. C. trochylus ist ein panere­ brei tung auf (siehe Karte). Die der panere misch­eu rasi­ misch­eurasisches Faunen ele ment. Die mit dieser in eini­ gen monsunbeeinflußten hi ma la ya nischen Regionen sym­ schen C. trochylus reicht vom südöstlichen Eu ropa bis in pa trisch und syntop auf tre ten de C. putli ist indopazifisch zentralasiatische Be reiche Westchinas (Ti bets), au ßer dem ver brei tet. Von beiden Arten wird deren habituelle und be sie delt sie fast den gesamten afri ka ni schen Kon ti nent. ge ni talmorphologische Variabilität illustriert und eine Sy n­ Die in do pa zi fi schen Lebensräume der C. put li er stre cken op sis erarbeitet. Die abweichende Morphologie süd af ri ka­ sich unzusammenhängend von mon sun be ein fluß ten C. trochylus, ni scher denen sudanesisch­ostafrikanischen Ge bie ten Ostafghanistans über den in di schen Sub kon­ Po pu la tio nen nahestehen, wird erörtert. Die aus der Kap­ re gion als Art beschriebene C. trochylus parvus (Murray, ti nent durch die indoaustralische Insel welt bis zu den 1874), comb. n. und stat. n., wird als Sub spe zies re va li di­ Mo lukken, Neuguinea, Australien und den Salomo nen. siert. C. putli ist im himalayanisch­süd ost asia tisch­in do pa­ Sehr wahrscheinlich liegt es an ihrer geringen Kör per­ zi fi schen Raum inselartig verbreitet und weist einige iso­ lier te Po pulationen auf, die sich habituell und ge ni taliter grö ße, gepaart mit der dunkelbraunen, weniger attrak ti­ von den no minotypischen hi ma la ya ni schen Po pu la tionen ven Erscheinung, daß beide Arten zu den wenig be ach­ un ter schei den. Auch bei aus tra li schen Tiere sind ge ringe te ten Lycaeniden gehören. Insbesondere C. putli bleibt Ab wei chun gen erkennbar. Chi la des putli formosanus (Mat­ in ihren Lebensräumen häufig unbeachtet und ist daher su mu ra, 1919) comb. n. wird von Freyeria Courvoisier, 1920 trotz ihres weiten Verbreitungsgebiets in faunistischen nach Chi la des Moore, [1881] kombiniert. Freyeria syn. rev. Bei trägen und als Beleg in Sammlungen deutlich un ter­ wird er neut als jün ge res subjektives Synonym von Chilades re vi diert. re prä sentiert. Deshalb relativieren sich Aussagen über Ver breitungslücken in Teilbereichen der indoaustra li­ A zoogeographic, ecological and taxonomic study of schen Faunenregionen (Pendlebury 1939, Fleming 1975, the sibling species Chilades trochylus Freyer, 1845 and D’Abrera 1986). Chilades putli Kollar, 1848 (Lepidoptera: Lycae ni dae, Lycaeninae, Polyommatini) Der Nachweis von C. putli für die ma la yi sche Fau nen­ Abstract: Taxonomic, ecological and zoogeographic in for­ re gion auf der Insel Langkawi (de Freina 2002) ver an­ ma tion is given for the two sibling species Chilades trochylus laß te mich zu Recherchen über beide Ar ten. Über ra­ (Frey er, 1845) and Chilades putli (Kollar, 1848), sup ple­ schen der weise stößt man in der Literatur so wohl auf men ted by new data on phenology, larval host plants and un einheitliche Aussagen bezüglich der Gat tungs zu ord­ male genitalia. For both species, the historical pattern of dis­ nung und des taxonomischen Status von C. putli als auch tribution is revised. Chilades trochylus is a paneremic Eu ra sian faunal element, while C. putli, which can be found sym patric auf durch offensichtliche Fehl be stim mun gen aus dem and syntopic with the former in some monsoon­influenced indochinesischen Raum belastete und re vi sions be dürf­ regions of the Himalayan region, is an In do pa ci fic faunal tige Verbreitungsbilder. element. An annotated checklist is provided for both spe­ cies, with their varying (and illustrated) external and ge ni tal Das umfangreich zusammengetragene Belegmaterial ist morphologies assigned to geographic regions. The distinc­ Fun dus einer ausführlichen Darstellung der mor pho lo­ tive morphology of South African C. trochylus popu la tions gi schen und geographischen Variabilität beider Ar ten. is characterized. These can be grouped with Suda ne sian and Entsprechend der kontinentübergreifenden Ver brei tung East African populations, in contrast to the no mi no typical ist diese bei C. trochylus nicht unerheblich. Sie wur de Mediterranean C. t. trochylus. C. trochylus par vus (Mur ray, aber bisher unterbewertet und überwiegend als taxo no­ 1874), comb. n. and stat. n., from the Cape Region of South Africa is re­eva lua ted and revised as a subspecies. Chilades misch nicht relevant interpretiert. So weisen auch Popu­ putli, wide ly dis tributed in the Hi ma la yan­Southeast Asian­ lationen des südlichen Afrikas sowohl in der Kör per­ Indo­Pa cific area, has several geo gra phi c ally isolated po pu­ zeichnung als auch in der männlichen Geni tal struk tur la tions. Even the Australian popu la tions show minimal dif­ charakteristische Merkmale auf. Allerdings fallen die se fer en ces in ex ter nal and genital characteristics, but these in ebendie große Variationsbreite, und so wird das aus fea tures are not dis tinct enough to warrant a new taxon. Chi­ der Kapregion im Artrang beschriebene Taxon Ly cae na la des putli for mo sa nus (Matsumura, 1919) comb. n. is trans­ fer red from Freyeria Cour voisier, 1920 to Chilades Moore, par vus Murray, 1874 als C. trochylus par vus (Mur ray, [1881]. Frey eria syn. rev. is again reconfir m ed as a junior 1874) comb. n. und stat. n. hier als Sub spe zies re va li di­ sub jec ti ve synonym of Chilades. siert. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 146 Geographische Variabilität ist auch, allerdings weniger Stempffer (1967) erachtet die Gattungsbeschreibung von mar kant, bei C. putli erkennbar. Wie bei Populationen Freyeria als unnötig und stellt dieses Taxon als jünge res der sundaländischen Inselwelt (Java, Sulawesi) und des subjektives Synonym zu Chilades. Diese Be wer tung ist pa zifischen Raumes (Taiwan bis Japan) zeichnen sich, wegen der sehr ähnlichen Genitalstrukturen von Papilio al ler dings in geringerem Maße, auch bei australischen lajus Stoll, [1780] (Typusart von Chilades) und Papilio Tie ren Abweichnungen von nominotypischen Po pu la tio­ trochylus (Typusart von Freyeria) sinnvoll. Auch ist deren nen in Größe und Genitalstruktur ab. Flügeläderung identisch. Die Cour voi sier sche Freyeria­ „Gattungsdiagnose“, die sich auf den Satz „Vom Genus Schließlich wird die Gat tungs zu ord nung zu Chilades Chilades völlig verschieden, z. B. auch durch den Mangel Moore, [1881] erneut ma ni fes tiert, die ebenso un be rech­ an Androkonien“ beschränkt, er wähnt also lediglich ti gte wie auch unnötige Gattung Frey eria Cour voi sier, ein einziges, untaugliches und auf Gattungsebene nicht 1920 (Typusart: Lycaena trochylus Freyer, 1845) wird mit relevantes Merkmal. Chilades Moore, [1881] (Typusart: Papilio la jus Stoll, 1780) re syn ony mi siert, syn. rev. Seither gilt der synonyme Status von Freyeria im All­ ge mei nen als verbindlich, und beide Arttaxa werden in Materialverbleib und Abkürzungen Chilades kombiniert (Bálint & Johnson 1997, Inayoshi CdFM Collection J. J. de Freina, München. 2009, Hesselbarth et al. 1995). Trotzdem können eini­ CNT Collection A. Naderi, Teheran. ge Autoren (wie etwa Braby et al. 1997 oder Braby 2008 CtHM Collection W. ten Hagen, Mömlingen. in der „Provisorial List“ austra li scher Tagfalter, Tread­ GPdF Genitalpräparat de Freina. away & Schroeder 2012 in der „Re vised check list of the HT Holotypus. butterflies of the Philippine Islands“ oder Saji 2013) OS Oberseite. offenbar nicht von ihrer alt ge wohn ten Ver wen dung PT Paratypus. der Gattung Freyeria lassen. Aller dings han delt es sich US Unterseite. hierbei bezüglich Chilades und Frey eria um fau nis ti sche ZSM Zoologische Staatssammlung, München. und no men kla to risch nicht re le van te Arbeiten oh ne offizielle Status re vi sion von Freyeria. Historisch-Chronologisches zum Artstatus von Trotz dem äußert sich Larsen (2010: 70) kritisch zu Bra­ C. putli und zur Gattungszuord nung zu Chilades bys wie der holter Verwendung von Freyeria für C. put li: Beide Taxa sind als Arten beschrieben. Trotzdem wurde „It was previously known in the combination Frey e ria tro­ C. putli in der Folge falsch taxiert. Auch nach Moore, chy lus putli, but the generic name [= Frey e ria] is in va lid“ der C. putli im Artrang Chilades Moore, ([1881]) zu ord­ (und zwar im Sinne ei ner subjektiven In va li di tät, siehe ne te, verkannten oder negierten zahlreiche Fol ge au to­ Be griffs de fi ni tio nen im Glos sar des Codes, ICZN 1999).
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