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Energy Transformation and Fuels (Pages 354–355) Name Date Class Energy Resources ■ Adapted Reading and Study Fossil Fuels (pages 354–360) Energy Transformation and Fuels (pages 354–355) Key Concept: When fuels are burned, the chemical energy that is released can be used to generate another form of energy, such as heat, light, motion, or electricity. • A fuel is a substance that provides energy as a result of a chemical change. A fuel might provide energy in the form of heat, light, motion, or electricity. • An energy transformation is a change from one form of energy to another. An energy transformation is also called an energy conversion. Changing chemical energy into heat is an example of an energy transformation. • Fuels contain stored energy. The stored energy in fuels can be released by combustion. Combustion is the burning of a substance. The release of energy from fuels is used to make other forms of energy. • When gasoline burns in a car engine, some of the Energy Resources chemical energy in the gasoline is converted into heat. The heat is converted into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy moves the car. • Burning fuel in an electric power plant produces heat. The heat is used to boil water to make steam. The steam turns a turbine. The turbine turns magnets inside a generator. The turning magnets produce an electric current. Each of the steps in this process involves an energy transformation. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 169 Name Date Class Energy Resources ■ Adapted Reading and Study Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas on page 169. 1. Read each word in the box. In each sentence below, fill in the correct word or words. energy transformation combustion electricity fuel a. The burning of a substance is called . b. A change from one form of energy to another is called a(an) . c. A substance that provides energy as a result of a chemical change is a(an) . 2. Read each word in the box. Then use the words to complete the flowchart about energy transformations in a car engine. chemical car mechanical gasoline heat a. burns in a car engine. b. Chemical energy in the gasoline is changed into . c. Heat is then changed into energy. d. Mechanical energy moves the . © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 170 Name Date Class Energy Resources ■ Adapted Reading and Study What Are Fossil Fuels? (pages 356–359) Key Concept: The three major fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas. • Fossil fuels are formed from the remains of organisms. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas are rich in energy. • Fossil fuels are made of hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms. • Coal is a solid fossil fuel. Coal is formed from plant remains that have been buried for millions of years. Coal is the fuel used in many electrical power plants. • Oil is a thick, black, liquid fossil fuel. Oil forms from the remains of ocean organisms. When oil is pumped from the ground, it is called crude oil. Petroleum is another name for oil. Petrochemicals are chemical compounds made from oil. • Natural gas is a mixture of gases, including a gas called methane. Natural gas forms from the remains of ocean organisms. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 3. Draw a line from each term to its meaning. Term Meaning fossil fuels a. another name for oil b. fuel substances formed from hydrocarbons the remains of organisms petroleum c. chemical compounds made from oil petrochemicals d. chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 171 Name Date Class Energy Resources ■ Adapted Reading and Study 4. Circle the letter of each substance that is a fossil fuel. a. hydrogen b. natural gas c. coal Fuel Supply and Demand (page 360) Key Concept: Since fossil fuels take hundreds of years to form, they are considered nonrenewable resources. • Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources. They are nonrenewable because they take so long to form. • Earth’s oil took 500 million years to form. People have already used one fourth of this oil. • The United States uses about one third of all oil produced in the world. • The United States has only 3 percent of Earth’s oil supply. As a result, the United States has to buy oil from other countries. Answer the following questions. Use your textbook and the ideas above. 5. Is the following sentence true or false? Fossil fuels are renewable resources. 6. Circle the letter of the reason why the United States needs to buy oil from other countries. a. The United States has most of Earth’s oil supply. b. The United States does not use much of Earth’s oil supply. c. The United States has only 3 percent of Earth’s oil supply. © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 172.
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