Universidade Federal Da Bahia Lucía Naser Rocha

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Universidade Federal Da Bahia Lucía Naser Rocha UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA ESCOLA DE TEATRO/ESCOLA DE DANÇA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ARTES CÊNICAS LUCÍA NASER ROCHA COLETIVOS ARTÍSTICOS BRASILEIROS: UM ESTUDO DE CASOS SOBRE DISCURSO E SUBJETIVIDADE POLÍTICA NOS PROCESSOS COLABORATIVOS EM ARTES Salvador 2009 LUCÍA NASER ROCHA COLETIVOS ARTÍSTICOS BRASILEIROS: UM ESTUDO DE CASOS SOBRE DISCURSO E SUBJETIVIDADE POLÍTICA NOS PROCESSOS COLABORATIVOS EM ARTES Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Artes Cênicas, Escola de Teatro, Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Artes Cênicas. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Denise Maria Barreto Coutinho Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando Antonio de Paula Passos Pesquisa desenvolvida com Bolsa FAPESB – MS Salvador 2009 Sistema de Bibliotecas - UFBA Rocha, Lucía Naser. Coletivos artísticos brasileiros : um estudo de casos sobre discurso e subjetividade política nos processos colaborativos em artes / Lucía Naser Rocha. - 2009. 247 f. : il. Orientadora: Profª Drª Denise Maria Barreto Coutinho. Co-orientador: Profº Dr. Fernando Antonio de Paula Passos. Pesquisa desenvolvida com Bolsa FAPESB - MS Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Escola de Teatro, Salvador, 2009. 1. Artes cênicas. 2. Análise do discurso. 3. Crítica. 4. Grupos sociais. 5. Cooperação intelectual. 6. Artes - Aspectos políticos. 7. Estética. I. Coutinho, Denise Maria Barreto. II. Passos, Fernando Antonio de Paula. III. Universidade Federal da Bahia. Escola de Teatro. IV. Título. CDD - 792 CDU - 792 LUCÍA NASER ROCHA COLETIVOS ARTÍSTICOS BRASILEIROS:UM ESTUDO DE CASOS SOBRE DISCURSO E SUBJETIVIDADE POLÍTICA NOS PROCESSOS COLABORATIVOS EM ARTES Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Artes Cênicas, Escola de Teatro, PPGAC, Universidade Federal da Bahia. Aprovada em: 24 de agosto de 2009 Banca Examinadora ________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Denise Maria Barreto Coutinho – Orientadora Doutora em Letras pela UFBA / Princeton University Universidade Federal da Bahia. PPGAC ______________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Lúcia Helena Alfredi de Matos Doutora em Artes Cênicas pela Universidade Federal da Bahia Universidade Federal da Bahia. PPGDAN _______________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Eloisa Leite Domenici Doutora em Comunicação e Semiótica pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo Universidade Federal da Bahia. PPGAC AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à FAPESB pela Bolsa de Mestrado concedida, ao PPGAC e PPGDA da UFBA, e especialmente à Profa. Denise Coutinho pela orientação e acompanhamento que tornaram possível a conclusão deste trabalho. Agradeço a meu co-orientador o Prof. Fernando Passos, à Profa. Jussara Setenta e à Profa. Antonia Bezerra Pereira por contribuírem significativamente nesta pesquisa. Agradeço especialmente às integrantes da banca examinadora, Profa. Lúcia Matos (PPGDA) e Profa. Eloisa Domenici (PPGAC). Dedico um agradecimento especial à Profa. Eleonora Santos pela leitura crítica e revisão desta dissertação. Agradeço à Profa. Flávia Garcia Rosa, diretora da EDUFBA, que generosamente me apoiou na finalização deste trabalho. Ao CPD e especialmente ao graduando em Ciência da Computação Rafael Bittencourt e ao Sr. Jaime Pita, da Escola Politécnica, pela realização do Exame de Qualificação por videoconferência. Este exame foi enormemente beneficiado com a generosa cessão da Sala de Teleconferência da Escola Politécnica, cedida por seu diretor, Prof. Luis Edmundo Campos a quem agradeço. Agradeço à Profa. Elizabeth Teixeira pela cessão da Sala de Libras do PAF I, onde a defesa foi realizada, bem como ao suporte da Coordenadora das salas especiais da UFBA, Senhora Maria de Fátima Carvalho. Agradeço à Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e à Rede Acadêmica da UDELAR pela cessão da Sala de Videoconferência que possibilitou a comunicação desde Uruguai, especialmente os professores Julio Cardozo e Francisco Pucci. Agradeço profundamente às colaborações e aos importantes aportes feitos por Adriana Grechi, Agnaldo Farias, Daniella Aguiar, Eduardo Verderame, Elisabeth Finger, Fabio Tremonte, Flavia Vivacqua, Fabiane Borges, Gustavo Bittencourt, Letícia Sekito, Laura Bruno, Lucio Agra, Mara Guerrero, Marcelo Souza, Monica Rizzolli, Newton Goto, Nirvana Marinho, Tamara Cubas, Ricardo Rosas, Ricardo Marinelli, Sergio Silveiro, Sonia Sobral, e a todos os coletivos artísticos, artistas e pesquisadores que contribuíram direta e indiretamente com a pesquisa. À minha família e aos amigos pelo apoio, amor e paciência. A Carolina Guerra, Olga Lamas, Rita Aquino e Vera Garat pela parceria e o aconchego. NASER ROCHA, Lucía. Coletivos Artísticos Brasileiros : um estudo de casos sobre discurso e subjetividade política nos processos colaborativos em artes. 247 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes Cênicas, Escola de Teatro, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2009. RESUMO Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão sobre produções discursivas de três coletivos artísticos brasileiros que, atuando dentro do amplo campo das artes cênicas, se autodenominam “coletivos”. No presente trabalho nos referiremos aos coletivos como aqueles grupos que desenvolvem processos criativos e ações colaborativas, bem como discursos sobre condições e propósitos políticos de suas ações. Levando em consideração a reflexividade política que muitos coletivos desenvolvem, o conceito também alude a um conjunto de discussões que se vêm tecendo, nas últimas décadas, sobre formatos de organização grupal e colaboração em processos artísticos. O foco são as questões “políticas” relacionadas ao conceito de “coletivos”. O método utilizado é o Estudo de Caso, combinado à técnica de análise chamada Análise Crítica do Discurso, sendo a unidade de análise o texto de três coletivos brasileiros, escolhidos a partir de um mapeamento geral realizado na web. Analisamos os discursos coletivos através da seleção de diferentes estratégias textuais: textos produzidos por eles mesmos (no caso do CDM) e ações (no caso do GIA e de Catadores de Histórias), atentando especialmente para sua auto-descrição como sujeitos estético-políticos, suas posições como atores sociais do campo artístico e sua participação no discurso intertextual e histórico que visa discutir relações entre arte e política, política e cultura. As conclusões relacionam características do discurso desses coletivos com a literatura específica que se tem produzido sobre coletivismo e colaboração no campo artístico. Uma das nossas conclusões preliminares indica que o termo “coletivo” não aceita dicotomias, como arte X política, artista X pessoa comum, arte X vida, mas propõe a possibilidade de transitar entre diferentes propósitos e filosofias. Aceitar sua polissemia é não só requisito prévio a sua análise, mas também à compreensão das heterogêneas filosofias (ou da filosofia da heterogeneidade) que o caracterizam. Palavras-Chave : Coletivos artísticos; Produção discursiva; Processos de colaboração artísticos; Política e estética em coletivos artísticos; Artes cênicas. NASER ROCHA, Lucía. Brazilian Art Collectives : a case study on political discourses and subjectivity in collaborative processes. 247 p. 2009. Master´s Thesis – Programa de Pós- Graduação em Artes Cênicas, Escola de Teatro, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2009. ABSTRACT This thesis deals with discoursive productions of three art collectives from Brazil who, acting within the broad field of performing arts, identify themselves as “collectives”. In this paper we refer as collectives those groups that develop creative processes and collaborative actions, as well as discourses about political conditions and purposes of their actions. Taking into account the political reflexivity that many collectives develop, the concept also alludes to a set of discussions woven, during the last decades, on ways of organization and group collaboration in artistic processes. The focus is on political matters involved in the concept of "collective". The method employed is the case study combined to the technique known as Critical Analysis of Discourse, being the unit of analysis the text of three Brazilian collectives, selected from a broader mapping carried out the web. We analyze the collective discourses by selecting different textual strategies: texts produced by themselves (in the case of CDM) and actions (in the case of the GIA and Catadores de Histórias), focusing particulary on their self-description as political-aesthetic beings, their positions as social actors in the artistic field and their participation in intertextual and historical discourse that aims to discuss relations between art and politics, politics and culture. The findings relate some characteristics of these collectives’ discourses to the specific literature produced on artistic collectivity and collaboration. Among our preliminary conclusions we indicate that the term “collective” does not accept dichotomies such as art X politics, artist X non-artist, art X life. Instead, the term proposes the possibility to transit between different purposes and philosophies. Accepting its polysemy is a prior requirement for its analysis and for the understanding of the heterogeneous philosophies (or the philosophy of heterogeneity) that characterize it. Keywords : Collective art; Discoursive productions; Collaborative process; Politics and aesthetics in art collectives; Performing arts. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1: Panfleto n. 1 GIA 79 Figura 2: Panfleto n. 2. GIA
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