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Diversity Combining Under Interference Correlation in Wireless Networks Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Nachrichtentechnik des CEL Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie Ralph Tanbourgi Diversity Combining under Interference Correlation in Wireless Networks Band 34 Copyright: Institut für Nachrichtentechnik (CEL) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) 2015 Druck: Frick Digitaldruck Brühlstraße 6 86381 Krumbach ISSN: 1433-3821 Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 1 Marcel Kohl Simulationsmodelle für die Bewertung von Satellitenübertragungsstrecken im 20/30 GHz Bereich Band 2 Christoph Delfs Zeit-Frequenz-Signalanalyse: Lineare und quadratische Verfahren sowie vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Klassifikation von Klaviertönen Band 3 Gunnar Wetzker Maximum-Likelihood Akquisition von Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signalen Band 4 Anne Wiesler Parametergesteuertes Software Radio für Mobilfunksysteme Band 5 Karl Lütjen Systeme und Verfahren für strukturelle Musteranalysen mit Produktionsnetzen Band 6 Ralf Machauer Multicode-Detektion im UMTS Band 7 Gunther M. A. Sessler Schnell konvergierender Polynomial Expansion Multiuser Detektor mit niedriger Komplexität Band 8 Henrik Schober Breitbandige OFDM Funkübertragung bei hohen Teilnehmergeschwindigkeiten Band 9 Arnd-Ragnar Rhiemeier Modulares Software Defined Radio Band 10 Mustafa Mengüç Öner Air Interface Identification for Software Radio Systems iii Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 11 Fatih Çapar Dynamische Spektrumverwaltung und elektronische Echtzeitvermarktung von Funkspektren in Hotspotnetzen Band 12 Ihan Martoyo Frequency Domain Equalization in CDMA Detection Band 13 Timo Weiß OFDM-basiertes Spectrum Pooling Band 14 Wojciech Kuropatwiński-Kaiser MIMO-Demonstrator basierend auf GSM-Komponenten Band 15 Piotr Rykaczewski Quadraturempfänger für Software Defined Radios: Kompensation von Gleichlauffehlern Band 16 Michael Eisenacher Optimierung von Ultra-Wideband-Signalen (UWB) Band 17 Clemens Klöck Auction-based Medium Access Control Band 18 Martin Henkel Architektur eines DRM-Empfängers und Basisbandalgorithmen zur Frequenzakquisition und Kanalschätzung Band 19 Stefan Edinger Mehrträgerverfahren mit dynamisch-adaptiver Modulation zur unterbrechungsfreien Datenübertragung in Störfällen Band 20 Volker Blaschke Multiband Cognitive Radio-Systeme iv Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 21 Ulrich Berthold Dynamic Spectrum Access using OFDM-based Overlay Systems Band 22 Sinja Brandes Suppression of Mutual Interference in OFDM-based Overlay Systems Band 23 Christian Körner Cognitive Radio – Kanalsegmentierung und Schätzung von Periodizitäten Band 24 Tobias Renk Cooperative Communications: Network Design and Incremental Relaying Band 25 Dennis Burgkhardt Dynamische Reallokation von spektralen Ressourcen in einem hierarchischen Auktionssystem Band 26 Stefan Nagel Portable Waveform Development for Software Defined Radios Band 27 Hanns-Ulrich Dehner Interferenzuntersuchungen für inkohärente Multiband Ultra-Breitband (UWB) Übertragung Band 28 Maximilian Hauske Signalverarbeitung für optoelektronische Sensoren Band 29 Jens Elsner Interference Mitigation in Frequency Hopping Ad Hoc Networks Band 30 Georg Vallant Modellbasierte Entzerrung von Analog/Digital-Wandler-Systemen v Forschungsberichte aus dem Institut für Nachrichtentechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie Herausgeber: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich Jondral Band 31 Martin Braun OFDM Radar Algorithms in Mobile Communication Networks Band 32 Michael Mühlhaus Automatische Modulationsartenerkennung in MIMO Systemen Band 33 Michael Schwall Turbo-Entzerrung: Implementierungsaspekte für Software Defined Radios Band 34 Ralph Tanbourgi Diversity Combining under Interference Correlation in Wireless Networks vi Vorwort des Herausgebers Der Mobilfunk spielt im täglichen Leben eine immer größere Rolle und wird in den kommenden Jahren, unter anderem getrieben durch Maschine- zu-Maschine (M2M) Kommunikation, weiter stark an Bedeutung gewin- nen. Dabei ist das zur Verfügung stehende elektromagnetische Spektrum begrenzt, weshalb Mittel und Wege gefunden werden müssen, mit deren Hilfe deutlich höhere Übertragungskapazitäten als die derzeit vorhan- denen nutzbar gemacht werden können. In der Forschung haben sich drei Technologien herauskristallisiert, deren Anwendungen besonders erfolgversprechend erscheinen: • Höhere Übertragungsbandbreiten: Der einfachste Weg, zu höheren Funkkapazitäten zu kommen, besteht natürlich in der Zuteilung weiterer Frequenzbereiche. Solche sind aber unterhalb von 6 GHz kaum noch zu identifizieren, so dass inzwischen unter anderem untersucht wird, mit welchen Mitteln höhere Frequenzbere- iche (28 GHz, 38 GHz, 90 GHz) für die Mobilkommunikation nutzbar gemacht werden können. • Heterogene Netze: Ein derzeit bereits genutzter Ansatz zur Kapazitätserweiterung besteht darin, Basisstationen mit niedriger Leistung und damit Pico- bzw. Femtozellen in bestehende Netze einzufügen. Andere Untersuchungen zielen auf den Einsatz der Device-to-Device (D2D) Technologie oder von Ad-hoc Netzen ab. vii • Mehrantennentechnologien: Die Nutzung der räumlichen Di- mension durch Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systeme zur Verbesserung der Verbindungsqualität oder zur Erhöhung der Datenrate wird in zukünftigen Netzen eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Je nachdem, welche Kanalzustandsinformation sende- und empfangs- seitig verfügbar ist, kann hier an räumliches Multiplexing, räumliche Interferenzverringerung, Raumdiversity oder Kombinationen dieser Technologien gedacht werden. Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit Interferenzminderung durch den Einsatz von Mehrantennensystemen mit Diversity Combining in Ad-hoc und heterogenen zellularen Netzen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Untersuchung des Maximum Ratio Combinings (MRC), einer Tech- nologie bei der die von den beteiligten Empfangsantennen aufgenommenen Signale proportional zum dort vorliegenden Signal-zu-Stör- und Rauschver- hältnis (Signal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio, SINR) gewichtet und dann addiert werden. Die zentrale Frage, die es zu beantworten gilt, ist die nach der an einem (“typischen“) Empfänger innerhalb eines Netzes auftretenden Interferenz unter der Annahme, dass die von den Antennen des MRC Systems gelieferten Störsignale korreliert und somit bei der Berechnung des zugehörigen SINR diese Korrelationen zu berücksichtigen sind. Die damit umrissene Aufgabenstellung ist offenbar komplex und die Lösung könnte beispielsweise mit Hilfe von Monte Carlo Simulationen angegangen werden. Ralph Tanbourgi hat sich aus guten Gründen dafür entschieden, dass nicht zu tun. Simulationen wären, da sie, um statistisch relevante Ergebnisse generieren zu können, über viele Netzkonstellatio- nen mitteln müssten, extrem aufwändig. Darüber hinaus stellen solche Simulationen oft die funktionalen Zusammenhänge unvollständig oder nicht richtig dar und liefern deshalb schwer interpretierbare oder sogar fehlerhafte Ergebnisse. Hier wird bewusst der Weg über analytische Modelle auf Basis der stochastischen Geometrie (insbesondere der sta- tionären Poisson’schen Punktprozesse mit konstanter Dichte) eingeschla- gen. Aufwändige Simulationen werden dennoch zur Evaluierung der analytischen Ergebnisse herangezogen. Karlsruhe, im Juni 2015 Friedrich Jondral viii Diversity Combining under Interference Correlation in Wireless Networks Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTOR-INGENIEURS von der Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie genehmigte DISSERTATION von Dipl.-Ing. Ralph Tanbourgi geb. in Beirut, Libanon Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25. Juni 2015 Hauptreferent: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Friedrich K. Jondral Korreferenten: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Aydin Sezgin Prof. Jeff G. Andrews, Ph.D Acknowledgments This thesis summarizes part of my work that I have conducted as a research associate at the Communications Engineering Lab (CEL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. Its present form could not have been made possible without the support from several persons, to whom I would like to express my sincere gratitude. My utmost thanks go to my advisor Prof. Friedrich K. Jondral for all the mentoring, guidance, and confidence he put in me. The joy I feel today about doing research is mainly due to his unique leadership style, which puts a strong accent on freedom of research and autonomous working. Our interactions and discussions have profoundly contributed to my personal development and have substantially shaped my view on many things related to both academic work and personal life. I would also like to thank my colleagues—the current ones as well as the former ones—for all the fruitful discussions we had with each other. I will certainly miss the great time we spent together, not only at work but certainly also after. Special thanks go to Dr.-Ing. Holger Jäkel for always lending me a sympathetic ear, for helping me in polishing my mathematics at times, and for proof-reading my thesis. Besides, I would also like to thank Dr.-Ing. Jens Elsner for introducing me to the interesting field of stochastic geometry and for our early collaborations. Working at CEL has always been convenient and productive for me, which is also due to the commitment of a number of people
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