Spectral Environment Blind Identification for PMR System the Closer of Analog Receiver Nicolas Grollier

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Spectral Environment Blind Identification for PMR System the Closer of Analog Receiver Nicolas Grollier Spectral environment blind identification for PMR system the closer of analog receiver Nicolas Grollier To cite this version: Nicolas Grollier. Spectral environment blind identification for PMR system the closer of analog re- ceiver. Signal and Image processing. Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique, 2018. English. NNT : 2018IMTA0096. tel-02093526 HAL Id: tel-02093526 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02093526 Submitted on 9 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’ÉCOLE NATIONALE SUPERIEURE MINES-TELECOM ATLANTIQUE BRETAGNE PAYS DE LA LOIRE - IMT ATLANTIQUE COMUE UNIVERSITE BRETAGNE LOIRE ECOLE DOCTORALE N° 601 Mathématiques et Sciences et Technologies de l'Information et de la Communication Spécialité : Télécommunications Par « Nicolas GROLLIER » « Spectral Environment Blind Identification for PMR System the Closer of Analog Receiver » Thèse présentée et soutenue à IMT Atlantique BREST, le 13/11/2018 Unité de recherche : LAB-STICC Thèse N° : 2018IMTA096 Rapporteurs avant soutenance : Inbar FIJALKOW Professeure, ENSEA – Cergy Pontoise Philippe CIBLAT Professeur, Télécom ParisTech Composition du Jury : Président : Christophe MOY Professeur, Université de Rennes 1 Examinateurs : Philippe CIBLAT Professeur, Télécom ParisTech Inbar FIJALKOW Professeure, ENSEA – Cergy Pontoise Michaël PELISSIER Ingénieur, CEA-Leti Minatec - Grenoble Dir. de thèse : Sébastien HOUCKE Professeur, IMT Atlantique A ma mère, Pascale Remerciements J’adresse tout d’abord mes sincères remerciements à mon directeur de thèse M. Sébastien Houcke, tant pour ses qualités scientifiques que personnelles. Il est certain que sans son concours, son expertise et sa patience, l’achèvement de ce travail n’aurait pas été possible. Je dois également le remercier de m’avoir accordé sa confiance, dès le début de cette thèse jusqu’à son achèvement. Il me faut également remercier mes collègues doctorants et permanents du département Signal et Communications. Nos discussions, techniques et scientifiques entre autres, ont été essentielles pour moi tout au long de mon séjour au département. Impossible de ne pas citer M. Vincent Gouldieff et son aide précieuse sur les problèmes cyclo-stationnaires. Je considère comme une chance et un grand plaisir d’avoir pu collaborer ensemble à la réalisation d’un travail des plus intéressants. Je dois bien sûr remercier M. Guillaume Ferré, mon ancien professeur, de m’avoir soutenu à l’origine dans ce projet personnel orienté vers la recherche. Je remercie aussi les partenaires du projet FITNESS, qui par leur concours financier et technique m’ont permis de progresser de cette façon. Plus spécifiquement, je remercie M. Michaël Pelissier et M. Patrick Audebert pour m’avoir reçu à plusieurs reprises au sein du CEA-LETI à Grenoble. Enfin, je souhaite exprimer ma profonde reconnaissance à ma mère Pascale, à mon père Serge, à ma sœur Margaux et à toute ma famille pour avoir réussi à me transmettre leur affection dans les moments difficiles. Je en profite également pour remercier toute la famille Kermarrec, pour leurs attentions et leur gentillesse. Je termine plus particulièrement ces remerciements avec une mention spéciale pour Mlle. Elodie Kermarrec, ma compagne, qui a su distiller sa tendresse à chaque moment. De part son investissement et son soutien, sa contribution dans la réalisation de cette thèse est importante. i Contents Remerciements i Table of contents vi Notations vii Abbreviations ix List of figures xiii List of tables xv Abstract xvii Résumé xix 1. General Introduction 1 1.1. Thesis Environment ................................ 1 1.2. Framework ..................................... 2 1.3. Scientific Communications ............................. 4 I FITNESS Context & Blind Detection State of the Art 5 2. FITNESS Receiver Description 7 2.1. Introduction ..................................... 7 2.2. PMR System Overview .............................. 7 2.2.1. TETRAPOL ................................ 9 2.2.2. TETRA Standard and Evolution ..................... 10 2.2.3. APCO P25 ................................. 10 iii iv CONTENTS 2.3. New Narrowband PMR Receiver Environment . 11 2.3.1. Architecture Description .......................... 11 2.3.2. Receiver Limits ............................... 13 2.4. Receiver Requirements: A Detection Issue .................... 16 2.4.1. FITNESS Requirements .......................... 16 2.4.2. Miscellaneous Constraints ......................... 18 2.4.3. Additional Hypothesis ........................... 19 3. On Carrier Signals Blind Detection 21 3.1. Introduction ..................................... 21 3.2. Signal and Noise Models .............................. 22 3.2.1. Received Signal Model ........................... 22 3.2.2. Radio Channel Model ........................... 23 3.3. Detection Theory Basics .............................. 25 3.4. Energy Detection .................................. 27 3.5. Cyclostationary Model: General Knowledge ................... 29 3.5.1. Statistical Cyclostationarity ........................ 29 3.5.2. Time Series Application .......................... 33 Part I - Conclusions 35 II A Cognitive PMR Answer 37 4. On-Carrier Phase Modulated Signal Cyclostationary Detector 39 4.1. Introduction ..................................... 39 4.2. QPSK Detection - State of the Art ........................ 40 4.2.1. Higher Order Statistics .......................... 40 4.2.2. Non-Linear Transformation ........................ 42 4.3. Low-order Moment Detector ............................ 43 4.3.1. A statistical Test Presence ......................... 43 4.3.2. The Carrier QPSK Signal Cyclostationary Detection Issue . 47 4.4. New Detection Feature Analysis ......................... 49 4.4.1. New Detector Definition .......................... 49 4.4.2. Binary Test ................................. 51 4.4.3. Obtained Results .............................. 52 CONTENTS v 4.5. Conclusion & Perspectives ............................. 60 5. Enhanced Spectrally Aware RF front end Receiver under Non-linearity 63 5.1. Introduction ..................................... 63 5.2. Nonlinear Sensing Mechanism ........................... 64 5.2.1. Nonlinear Model .............................. 64 5.2.2. Nonlinear Harmonics Cyclostationary Detection . 66 5.2.3. Binary Hypothesis Testing ......................... 67 5.3. Main Results .................................... 70 5.3.1. Experimental Conditions ......................... 70 5.3.2. Simulations ................................. 71 5.4. Conclusion & Perspectives ............................. 73 6. Variable Gain Enhancement of a Nonlinear PMR Receiver 75 6.1. Introduction ..................................... 75 6.2. Nonlinearity Cancellation - State of the Art ................... 76 6.2.1. Analog Canceler .............................. 76 6.2.2. Digital Methods .............................. 77 6.2.3. Mixed Analog & Digital Solution ..................... 80 6.2.4. Discussion on Prior Art Limits ...................... 81 6.3. Proposed Concept ................................. 82 6.3.1. PMR Receiver Enhancement ....................... 82 6.3.2. Feedback Loop Design ........................... 85 6.4. Simulations ..................................... 88 6.4.1. Experimental Conditions ......................... 88 6.4.2. Results ................................... 88 6.5. Conclusion & Perspectives ............................. 95 Part II - Conclusions 97 General conclusions and perspectives 99 Appendix A. Demonstration relative to Chapter 4 103 Appendix B. Nonlinear Harmonics Cyclic Frequency Search 105 vi CONTENTS Bibliography 107 Notations Ensemble D N Positive Integer xˆ Variable x Estimate f Function δij Kronecker Symbol v Vector M Matrix . Temporal Average h it (.)′ Transpose Operation . Modulus Operation | | (.)∗ Conjugation Operation (.) Real Part ℜ (.) Complex Part ℑ (.) Fourier Transform with respect of time Ft . Floor Operator ⌊ ⌋ vii Abbreviations ADC Analog to Digital Converter APCO P25 Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials- International Project 25 AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BER Bit Error Rate CAF Cyclic Autocorrelation Function DR Dynamic Range IIP3 Input Interception Point of order 3 IMD InterModulation Distortion LNA Low Noise Amplifier NF Noise Floor PA Power Amplifier PMR Professionnal Mobile Radio PSD Power Spectral Density RF Radio Frequency ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic RX Receiver SAW Surface Acoustic Wave SCD Cyclic Spectrum Density Function SIHR Signal to In-band Harmonic Ratio SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio SIR Signal to Interference Ratio SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SOI Signal Of Interest TEDS TETRA Enhanced Data Service TETRA TerrEstrial Truncked Radio ix List of Figures 1. Scénarios d’adaptation du récepteur . xxii 2.1. Example of the PMR network extension functionality ............. 8 2.2. PMR standards repartition across Europe .................... 9 2.3. Example of double heterodyne RX architecture . 11 2.4. Overall Narrowband PMR Receiver Architecture
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