12/02/2015

THE BELIEVER’S ASCENSION FIQH OF SALAT FIQH111 SHAYKH HAMOOD ABDUL-ALEEM

Different Actions of Salat

• Discussion of different actions related to Salat. • Fara’idh of Salat. • Wajibaat of Salat. • of Salat. • Mustahabb actions of Salat.

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Fara’idh (Obligatory Actions) of Salat

• Fara’idh are the obligatory actions of Salat. If one were to miss any of them, Salat is not valid. The obligatory actions of Salat are six.

• Tahrima (the opening). - It specifically refers to the utterance of the words, Allahu Akbar. The Takbir Tahrima is not the raising of the hands* but the actual sayings of the words, Allahu Akbar. *Note: One should raise their hands first and then say the Takbir Tahrima.

• (the standing). - Qiyam is the standing in Salat for the duration it takes one to recite Subhana Rabbi yal a’la (Glorious is my Lord, the Most Exalted) three times. - Explanation of the status of Qiyam for , and Nafl . - People for whom Qiyam is excused.

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Fara’idh (Obligatory Actions) of Salat

• Qira’ah (the recitation). - The recitation of the . - Necessary to recite Al-Fatiha. - Details of what constitutes minimum required recitation covered in subsequent sections.

• ’ ().

• Two (protrations) in each rak’ah.

• Qa’dah Akhirah (last sitting). - In the last qa’dah (sitting), one must sit for the duration it takes to recite . This does not refer to the actual recitation of Tashahhud but only the time it takes to recite it. One should sit for at least that duration in last qa’dah (sitting). WEEK THREE

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Wajib Actions of Salat

• Fara’idh are not the only actions required for Salat to be valid. There are the wajib actions of Salat that must be performed as well. • The importance of Wajib actions is that if one was to leave these out, then validity of Salat will be subjected to the following two cases. • The wajib action was left out purposely. - In this case, salat is invalidated. One cannot perform Sajdah Sahw ( of forgetfulness). It requires one to repeat his and failure to do so would render the person sinful. • The wajib action was left out due to forgetfulness. - In this case, one can make up for the missed action within Salat by performing Sajdah Sahw. But if one missed wajib action and also forgot to do Sajdah Sahw, then Salat is wajib ul iyada, meaning Salat needs to be repeated.

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Wajib Actions of Salat

• Below are the actions performed in Salat which are classified as Wajib. • Recitation in the first two rak’ahs of fard. - In fard prayers, recitation is wajib in first two rak’ahs only. For sunnah and nafl prayers, recitation is wajib in all rak’ahs. • Reciting Fatiha. • Joining another surah with surah Fatiha. - Recitation after surah Fatiha does not have to be a complete surah only. It can also be one long verse of Quran or three short verses equivalent to one long verse. • The order. - The order of fard actions of Salat should be established, e.g. Qiyam should be performed before Ruku’ and Ruku’ before Qawmah etc.

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Wajib Actions of Salat

• Qawmah. - This refers to standing up after Ruku’ and saying samiAllahu li-man hamidah ( hears the one who praises Him), Rabana lakal (Our Lord, all praises are for You). Qawmah is the standing position after Ruku’. • Jalsah. - This refers to the sitting position between the two Sujud. • Ta’dil al-Arkan. - This wajib action means that one must remain still in all fard actions as well as Qawmah and Jalsa positions for at least as long as it takes one to say Subhana Rabbi yal a’la (Glorious is my Lord, the Most Exalted) once. • First sitting. - In second rak’ah, one must sit down after the two Sujud in a prayer which is more than 2 raka’ahs. Failure to sit would require Sajdah Sahw to make up for this missed action. • Recitation of Tashahhud. - Reciting the tashahhud after the second rak’ah and in the last rak’ah in sitting position. WEEK THREE

Wajib Actions of Salat

• Audible recitation in audible Salats and inaudible recitation in inaudible Salats. - For Imam to recite audibly in Fajr, Maghrib and Isha and remain inaudible in Zuhr and Asr. - For offering prayers alone, it is optional. Men can recite audibly in audible salats. For women, it is always preferred to recite inaudibly. • Order of recitation, i.e., reciting Fatiha before the surah. • The uttering of (the salutations). - It is wajib to utter both taslims, assalamu alaykum wa’rahmatullah (peace be upon you and the Mercy of Allah), to the right and left respectively, at the end of salat. • in . • Additional in Eid Salat.

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Sunnah Actions of Salat

• Classification of Sunnah actions into six major categories and detailed explanation for each of them. All the Sunnah actions of Salat combined together total more than 50. • Ruling on missing Sunnahs of Salat. • If one intentionally misses the Sunnah, then Salat would not be corrupted or invalidated but would become makruh (disliked). Also, missing a Sunnah of salat does not require one to perform Sajdah Sahw. • If one misses Sunnahs of salat out of forgetfulness, then it will not be makruh.

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Sunnah Actions of Salat

• The six major categories of Sunnah actions of Salat are listed below. • Sunnahs of Qiyam. • Sunnahs of Ruku’. • Sunnahs of Qawmah. • Sunnahs of Sajdah. • Sunnahs of Qa’dah (sitting). • Sunnahs of Taslim.

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Mustahabb Actions of Salat

• The mustahabb (preferred) actions of Salat are listed below. • Bringing hands out of cloth/sheet during Takbir Tahrima. • Looking at the right places during all actions. • Avoiding coughing or yawning. • Standing at appropriate time during Iqamah. • Performing Takbir Tahrima at appropriate time (for Imam). • Tashahhud of Abdullah ibn Masu’d (Allah be pleased with him). • Reciting the specific dua of Qunut in Witr. • Ruling on Mustahabb actions of Salat. • It is highly recommended to perform them and this is superior. But to leave them out will not be sinful.

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Method of Salat

• Brief explanation of the method of Salat. • When a man enters the salat he says the takbir and raises his hands with the takbir until his thumb are in line with his earlobes. For woman, they should raise their hands up to their shoulders, preferably keeping their hands inside their cloth. If anything is said in place of takbir such as Allahu ajal (Allah is Most Majestic), Allahu a’zam (Allah is Most tremendous), Ar-Rahmanu Akbar (the Most Merciful one is the Greatest), then this is permissible according to Imam Abu Hanifa and Imam . Imam Abu Yusuf said it is not permissible for him to say the takbir except the words of takbir (Allahu Akbar). • In qiyam, a man rests his right hand over his left and places both of them beneath his naval. A woman places her hands on her chest, with the right hand on top of the left hand. Then one recites the thana’ (Glory be to you Oh Allah, All Praise is for You, Blessed is Your name, Exalted is Your Dominion, and there is no God besides You). Then one seeks refuge with Allah from the accursed Shaytan. After that one recites Bismillahir-Rahmaanir-Raheem (in the Name of Allah the Most Merciful, the Most Gracious). Both of them are recited silently. Then one recites Al-Fatiha and a surah with it or one long verse or three verses from any surah one wishes. WEEK THREE

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Method of Salat

• When the Imam says wa la al-dalin {and not (of) those who go astray}, then he, the Imam, also says amin. The follower (mu’tim) also says it but silently. After completion of recitation in Qiyam, one says the takbir, performs the ruku’ and rests the hands upon the knees. In Ruku, a man should open his hand fingers widely while placing them on the knees, level his back and neither raise the head, nor lower it. A woman should only bend her back as much as it is required such that her hands can touch her knees. Her legs can also be slightly bend and does not need to be completely straight. In the ruku’, one says, subhaha rabbi yal ‘azeem (Glorious is my Lord the Great) thrice. That is the minimum. Then one raises their head and says samiaAllahu li-man hamidah (Allah hears the one who praises Him). The follower says: Rabana lakal hamd (Our Lord, all praises are for You). • Then one performs the sajdah by resting the hands upon the earth and keeping the face between the hands. The order of going into prostration is knees first, then hands, nose and the forehead. Sajdah is done upon placing the nose and forehead on the ground. If one decides to restrict himself upon one of them then it is permissible according to Imam Abu Hanifah. Sahibayn said that it is not permissible to restrict oneself in performing the sajdah upon one’s nose except when there is a valid excuse. WEEK THREE

Method of Salat

• If a man performs the sajdah upon the fold of his turban or the excess portion of his clothes, then it is permissible. In the sajdah, he opens his armpits and separates his stomach from his thighs. The feet should be erect with toes pointing towards the qiblah. The woman on the other hand should keep herself compressed in Sajdah with no space between thighs and stomach. In Sajdah, one says Subhana Rabbi yal a’la thrice (Glorious is my Lord, the Most Exalted) and that is the minimum. While getting up from Sajdah, one should first lift forehead, then nose, hands and knees. • After sajdah, one raises their head saying the takbir. Thereafter when one is settled in the sitting posture, one says the takbir and performs the sajdah again. Then after second sajdah, one should say the takbir and stand up upon the front of his feet. One should not rely upon their hands by placing them upon the earth while standing, unless there is a valid reason. Then second rak’ah is performed like the first one, except that one does not open the salat, does not say the ta’awwudh and does not raise his hands like the first takbir (takbir tahrima).

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Method of Salat

• When a man sits after the second ra’kah and in the last ra’kah in qa’dah position, he lays his left foot and sits on it, keeps his right foot erect and firmly points the toes toward the qiblah [iftirash posture]. He places his hands upon his thighs, spreads the fingers and performs the tashahhud. The woman’s feet in sitting position should always be in tawarruk posture. This means woman should rest in a way that they are leaning on their left foot and both feet should be pointing toward the right side [See fig 8a in the lecture]. • The tashahhud is: at-taḥiyyatu li’llahi waṣ-ṣalawatu waṭ-ṭayyibatu, as-salamu ‘alayka ayyuhan- nabiyyu wa-raḥmatu’llahi wa-barakatu-hu, as-salamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala‘ibadi’llahiṣ-ṣaliḥin, ash-hadu al-la ilaha illallahu wa ash-hadu anna muḥammadan ‘abdu-hu wa-rasuluh.” One does not recite beyond this in the first sitting. • One recites the Fatiha only in the final two rak’ahs in fard prayer. While sitting at the end of the salat, one sits in the posture similar to the one after the first two rak’ahs of salat, recite the tashahhud, then the salawat (blessings) upon the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace. Thereafter one supplicates whatever one wishes, which resembles the words of the Qur’an and the supplications which have been reliably narrated. One cannot supplicate with words which resemble the words of people.

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Method of Salat

• To complete the salat, one says the taslim (the salutations) to his right: as-salamu ‘alaykum warahmatullah and then to his left, similarly. • Some additional details. - The witr is three rak’ahs without any interruption between them with a single set of salams (salutation) at the end. In every rak’ah, one recites the Fatiha and add a surah with it. In the third rak’ah, after the recitation of Fatiha and surah, one says the takbir (raising the hands like takbir tahrima and folding them back again). Then one proceeds to reciting the qunut before going into ruku’. The rest of the prayer is completed like any other salat. - It is disliked that one specifies a particular surah such that the person does not recite in that salat, any other surah. - The congregational salat is a Sunnah Mu’akkadah (an emphasised sunnah).

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Further Discussion on Actions of Salat

• Discussing some further details on actions of Salat from Mukhtasar al-Quduri. • Discussion on Sajdah; placement of nose and forehead. Opinions of Imam Abu Hanifa and Sahibayn. • Ruling on delaying any action in salat. • Tashahhud of Abdullah ibn Masu’d (Allah be pleased with him). • Recommended salution on Rasulullah sallallaho alayhi wasallam in salat.

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