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1. Samir Okasha, (2002), Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction , USA: Oxford University Press, p. 8, Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Charles Darwin (1809-1882), James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (1858-1947), Bill Bryson, (2003), A short history of nearly everything , USA: Brodways, pp. 381-397, 115-133. 2. Hugh Honour, (2005), World History of Arts , United Kingdom: Laurence King Publishing, pp. 840-847. 3. Susan Campbell Bartoletti, (2001), Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great , 1845-1850 , USA: Houghton Mifflin Company, p. 19. 4. Will Durant & Ari.el Durant, (1935-1975), The Story of Civilization , Vol. 11, USA: Simon and Schuster, pp.510. (Pages is based on Online Version). 109 ...

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. . 511 512 . 1. 2. George N. Agrios, (2004), Plant pathology , USA: Academic Press, pp. 19-21. 3. Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Irish Famine, 1845 -1850 , pp. 41, 43, 45. 4. Moykor, Joel & C. O Grada, « Poor and getting poorer? Irish living standards before the Famine», Economic History Review, 1988, Volume 51, 209-35. 14 110

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1. Henry Greten. 2. William Pitt, Prime minister of the United Kingdom (1804-1806). 3. Black Potatoes: The Story of Great Irish Famine, 1845-1850 , pp. 16, 36, 40. 4. George III of the United Kingdom (1760-1820), died in 1820. 5. The history of civilization , Vol. 11, pp. 511-520. (Based on Online Version). 111 ...

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1. Heinrich Anton deBary (1831-1888). 2. Plant pathology. 3. Plant pathology , p. 45. 4. Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Irish Famine , 1845-1850 , p.8. 1800 1570 5. . 14 112

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Downloaded from chistorys.ir at 10:08 +0330 on Tuesday October 5th 2021 . . . 2. http://www.loc.gov/search/?q=Irish+Famine. (Accessed on 4/10/2013). 9. 9. . 3. 4. Cormac Ó Gráda, (2009), Famine: A Short History . USA: Princeton University Press, p. 18. . . 5. . . : : . Christopher Morash, (1995), Writing the Irish famine , Great Britain: Oxford University Press, pp. 79-83. 113 ...

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1. . . 80 . 2. Joseph R. O'Neil, (2009), The Irish Potato Famine , USA: Abdo Publishing Company, pp. 32-40. 14 114

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1. Ulster . . 2. . . 3. 4. F.H.A. Aallen et al ., (1997), The Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape , USA: University of Toronto Press, pp. 69, 90. 115 ...

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: : Robert Dudley Edwards & Thomas Desmond Williams, (1997), The Great Famine: Studies in Irish History 1845-52, USA: Lilliput Press.

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. 1. . . . :» 2. . : : ...« . Cathal Poirteir, (1995), Famine echoes , Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. 3. Plant pathology , p. 45. 4. Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723). 5. Plant pathology , p. 38. 14 118

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1. . . 2. John Grant Fuller, (1968), The day of St . Anthony’s fire , London: Hutchinson, pp. 220-222. 3. Julius Caesar (100 B.C.- Assassinated in 44 B.C.). 4. Massachusetts, US state. 5. Peter the Great (Pyotr Alexeyevich), Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias (1682-1725), died in 1725. 6. Nicholas Spanos & Jack Gottlieb, «Ergotism and the Salem Village Witch Trials», Science, Volume 194, Issue 4272, p. 1392. 7. Plant Pathology. : ( 1386 ) 8. 51. 51. 119 ...

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1. Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547), died in 1547. 2. David Loades, (2007), HENRY VIII ; Curt, church and Conflict , Great Britain: The National Archives, pp. 160-162, 170. 3. William III of England (1650-1702), died in 1702. 4. Louis XIV of France (1643-1715), died in 1715. 5. Plantagenet Somerset Fry & Fiona Somerset Fry, (1988), A history of Ireland , Britain: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated, p. 170. 6. Black Potatoes, The Story of the Great Irish Famine, 1845-1850 , p. 35, 36, 40. 14 120

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51. 51. 1. 2. Sir , Leader of the House of Commons (1841-1846), died in 1850. 3. . 4. Black Potatoes, The Story of the Great Irish Famine, p. 36. 5. Robert Blake, (1967), Disraeli , USA: St. Martin’s Press, p. 221-222 . 121 ...

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1. , (1994), This Great Calamity : The Irish Famine , 1845 -1852 , USA: Gill & Macmillan, p. 38. 2. Michael Lusztig, (1994), «Solving Peel's puzzle: Repeal of the Corn Laws and institutional preservation», Comparative Politics, Vol. 27(1), p. 396. . Le-SAY fare : 3. ( Jean-Baptist Colbert ) . . . . ( M. Le Gendre ) . 4. Paul Adelman, (1989), Peel and Conservative Party : 1830 -1850 , USA: Longman, pp. 59, 69-71. 14 122

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1. Cork 2. Limerick 3. Black Potatoes, The Story of the Great Irish Famine, p. 43, 44. : : 4. F. S.L. Lyons, (1985), Ireland since the famine , USA: Fontana. 123 ...

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1. Disreali , p. 224. 2. Peel’s Brimstone. 3. Feargal Brougham, (2008), The Great Famine , USA: M. Evans and Company, p. 12. 4. Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Famine , 1845 -1850 , p. 46. 46. 46. . 5. 6 Workhouses. 7. Joseph Bogerson, (1837), The Farmer Magazine Volume The Sixth , Unknown place: Unknown publisher, p. 220. 14 124

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1. Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Famine , 1845 -1850 , p. 47 . 2. Ibid. p. 48. 3. Curtin. 125 ...

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1. Gerard Curtin, (2000), A Pauper Warren : West Limerick 1845 -1849 , Ireland: Sliabh Luachra Books, p. 120-131. 2. The Times , May 23rd, 1849. : : . 3 Ciaran Murchadha, (1998), Sable wings over the land : Ennis, County Clare, and its wider community during the great Famine , Ireland: Clasp Press. 4. Cormac Grada, (2004), Ireland’s Great Famine : An Overview , Ireland: University College Dublin, p. 5. 14 126

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1. Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Famine , 1845 -1850 , p. 96. 2. http://www.irishdiaspora.net/ (Accessed on 26/3/2013) 3. Megan O’Hara, (2002), COMING TO AMERICA - IRISH IMIGRANTS 18420 -1920 , USA: Captone Press, pp. 14-20. 127 ...

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1. No Irish Need Apply 2. http://www.brad.ac.uk/acad/diaspora/guides/samerica.shtml (Accessed on 12/2/2013). 3. James J. Mangan, (1994), Robert Whyte’s 1847 FAMINE SHIP DIARY -THE JOURNEY OF AN IRISH , Ireland: Mercier Press, p. 100-110. 4. Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Famine , 1845 -1850 , pp. 119-130. 14 128

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1. Lord John Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in the mid-19th century. 2. The Times, The Nations. 3. Melissa Fegan, (2002), Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 , Oxford: Clarendon press, p. 34. 4. Charles Dickens (1812-1870), Elizabeth Gaskell (1810-1865). 129 ...

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. . ( 31 . . 1846 . . 1846 Melissa Fegan, (2002), Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 , Oxford: Clarendon : press

1. David Copperfield, Oliver Twist. 2. Sheila M. Smith, (1980), The Other Nation: The Poor in English Novels of the 1840s and 1850s, Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press and Oxford University Press, pp. 15-16. 3. Melissa Fegan, (2002), Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 , Oxford: Clarendon press, pp. 35, 38, 39, 47, 51. 14 130

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- Aalen, F.H.A., Whelan, Kevin & Stout, Mathew, (1997), The Atlas of the Irish Rural Landscape , USA: University of Toronto Press. - Adelman, Paul, (1989), Peel and Conservative Party : 1830 -1850 , USA: Longman. - Agrios, George N., (2004), Plant pathology , USA: Academic Press. - Bartoletti, Susan Campbell, (2001), Black Potatoes : The Story of the Great Irish Famine , 1845-1850 . USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. - Blake, Robert, (1967), Disraeli , USA: St. Martin’s Press. - Bogerson, Joseph, (1837), The Farmer Magazine Volume The Sixth , Unknown place: Unknown publisher. - Brougham, Feargal, (2008), The Great Famine , USA: M. Evans and Company. - Bryson, Bill, (2003), A short history of nearly everything , USA: Brodways. - Curtin, Gerard, (2000), A Pauper Warren : West Limerick 1845 -1849 , Ireland: Sliabh Luachra Books. - Durant, Will & Durant, Ariel, (1935-1975), The Story of Civilization , Vol. 11, USA: Simon and Schuster. - Edwards, Robert D. & Williams, Thomas D., (1997) The Great Famine: Studies in Irish History 1845-52, USA: Lilliput Press . - Fegan, Melissa, (2002), Literature and the Irish Famine 1845-1919 , Oxford: Clarendon press. - Grant Fuller, John, (1968), The day of St . Anthony’s fire , London: Hutchinson. - Honour, Hugh, (2005), World History of Arts , United Kingdom: Laurence King Publishing. - Joel, Moykor & O Grada, Cormac, « Poor and getting poorer? Irish living standards before the Famine», Economic History Review, 1988, Volume 51, 209-35. - Kinealy, Christine, (1994), This Great Calamity : The Irish Famine , 1845-1852 , USA: Gill & Macmillan. - Littlefield, Henry W., (1978), HISTORY OF EUROPE since 1815 , USA: Barnes & Noble. - Loades, David, (2007), HENRY VIII ; Curt, church and Conflict , Great Britain: The National Archives. - Lusztig, Michael, (1994), «Solving Peel's puzzle: Repeal of the Corn Laws and institutional Downloaded from chistorys.ir at 10:08 +0330 on Tuesday October 5th 2021 preservation», Comparative Politics, Vol. 27(1): 393-408. - Lyons, F.S.L., (1985), Ireland since the famine , USA: Fontana. - Mangan, James J., (1994), Robert Whyte’s 1847 FAMINE SHIP DIARY -THE JOURNEY OF AN IRISH COFFIN SHIP , Ireland: Mercier Press. - Morash, Christopher, (1995), Writing the Irish famine , Great Britain: Oxford University Press. - kasha, Samir, (2002), Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction . USA: Oxford University Press. - Grada, Cormac, (2004), Ireland’s Great Famine : An Overview , Ireland: University College Dublin. - Grada, Cormac(2009), Famine: A Short History . USA: Princeton University Press. - Hara, Megan, (2002), COMING TO AMERICA - IRISH IMIGRANTS 18420 -1920 , USA: Captone Press. - Murchadha, Ciaran, (1998), Sable wings over the land : Ennis, County Clare, and its wider community during the great Famine , Ireland: Clasp Press. 14 132

- Neil, Joseph R., (2009), The Irish Potato Famine , USA: Abdo Publishing Company. - Poirteir, Cathal, (1995), Famine echoes , Dublin: Gill & Macmillan. - Smith, Sheila M., (1980), The Other Nation: The Poor in English Novels of the 1840s and 1850s, Oxford and New York: Clarendon Press and Oxford University Press. - Somerset Fry, Plantagenet & Somerset Fry, Fiona, (1988), A history of Ireland , Britain: Routledge, Chapman & Hall, Incorporated. - Spanos, Nicholas & Gottlieb, Jack, «Ergotism and the Salem Village Witch Trials», Science, Volume 194, Issue 4272, pp. 1390-1394.

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