Arthropods Unit.Indd

Arthropods Insects, Spiders, & Crustaceans

Unit Study for Grades K - 6 ARTHROPODS Insects, Spiders, and Crustaceans

Created by Jenny Phillips, Mary Beyer, and Lezlie-Ann Ivie

Table of Contents

Lesson 1 - Introduction to Arthropods 1 Lesson 2 - Introduction to Insects 12 Lesson 3 - Oral Presentations 17 Lesson 4 - Insect Stations: Mosquitoes, Fireflies Termites, Silkworms 18 Lesson 5 - Bees and Wasps: Part 1 29 Lesson 6 - Bees and Wasps: Part 2 32 Lesson 7 - Entomologist Jean-Henri Fabre 37 Lesson 8 - Butterflies: Part 1 40 Lesson 9 - Butterflies: Part 2 45 Lesson 10 - Ants 49 Lesson 11 - Insect Defenses 55 Lesson 12 - Arachnids 58 Lesson 13 - Crustaceans 61

2 © Jenny Phillips ARTHROPODS Insects, Spiders, and Crustaceans

Unit Information

Science Journal single-sided, cut them in half along the do ed lines, stack the pages together, and All of The Good & the Beau ful science units staple twice along the le side. include ac vi es for a science journal. For each child, prepare a 1” to 2” 3-ring binder Lesson Prepara on to func on as their science journal. Tabbed divider pages can be used to separate All of the Good & Beau ful science units include science units. Also, have wide-ruled paper easy- to-follow lesson prepara on direc ons at and blank white paper on hand for science the beginning of each lesson. journal ac vi es. All completed journal ac vi es are to be kept in the science binder. Teaching Older Children? You may also consider having children create This unit study is designed for Grades K-6. a cover for their science journals, which they If you are teaching older children (Grades insert under the clear cover of the binder. 7-12), look for the “older children” symbol (a magnifying glass) at the end of most lessons. Science Wall There you will ﬁ nd ideas for guiding older children through more in-depth research and All of The Good & the Beau ful science units study. include vocabulary words to be placed on You also may your science wall, which is a wall in your consider having older children read The Secret Lives of Backyard Bugs by learning area on which you can a ach the Judy Burris and Wayn Richards. This book, vocabulary words and other images. Print one of the few on the subject that does not and cut out the vocabulary word cards at reference evolu on, will help older children the beginning of the unit. The course will to dig deeper into topics studied in this unit. indicate when to place them on the wall. You also may consider having older children Lesson Mini Books (grades 9+) read The Life of the Spider by Jean-Henri Fabre. Fabre was a famous Many of the lessons included in this unit entomologist and man of faith that you will incorporate science mini books. The mini study in this unit. The book is engaging, books are included with the lesson and well-wri en, and challenging. require very li le assembly. To make your mini books, simply print the pages

No part of this PDF document may be copied or reproduced for those outside your family or school group. ARTHROPODS Insects, Spiders, and Crustaceans

Supplies Needed

Lesson 1 Lesson 8 None None

Lesson 2 Lesson 9 None None

Lesson 3 Lesson 10 None • An ant farm

Lesson 11 Lesson 4 None • Brown clay (any kind) • Glow s cks (one per child) Lesson 12 • A small piece of silk material (op onal) • Scotch tape Lesson 5 • A few drops of vegetable or olive oil • Paper towels • Scissors Lesson 13 • Op onal: A crayﬁ sh dissec on kit • A handful of Cheetos • A candy or snack (e.g. fruit snack or grape) • 1/8 teaspoon of honey • One sesame seed for each child

Lesson 6 • Several co on balls • A few diﬀ erent scents to put on the co on balls, such as peppermint, vanilla, almond, dish soap, lemon, or cinnamon

Lesson 7 None

4 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 1

Lesson 1 - Introduction to Arthropods

Objec ve • Help children understand the dis nguishing characteris cs of arthropods and the diﬀ erence between insects and arachnids.

Prepara on: Make sure each child has a science journal for this lesson and all upcoming lessons. Supplies needed:  None

Read to children: Ac vity: Insect Vocabulary Have you ever considered how full of life our world is? Place the vocabulary words on the wall. Do you know what a square mile is? [a piece of land As you go over each word, read and equal to a square that measures one mile on each discuss the following informa on with side] There 15 mes more insects in one square mile children. Consider having older children of an empty fi eld than there are people in the United read some of the informa on out loud. Then, place States. Imagine this—if we were to fi nd all the insects within a square mile of a fi eld, we would fi nd more the vocabulary words and defi ni ons on your than fi ve billion insects. How many insects do you science wall. think are living in our backyard? Invertebrates Insects and spiders are so small that we o en pass by them, but they are everywhere. As we pass over There are two basic groups of higher animals. They plain and valley and mountain, we fi nd insects big are vertebrates and invertebrates. Invertebrates and small, some hidden in the moss or the thick grass, are animals that do not have backbones. rolled up in the leaves, boring into the stems and Mammals (such as bears and monkeys), trunks of trees, ea ng their way underground. But they form three-fourths of the whole animal kingdom. amphibians (such as frogs and toads), rep les God created over 950,000 types of insects and spiders, (such as turtles and snakes), fi sh, and birds all have and they are so interes ng to study, and do us so vertebrae (backbones). That might seem like a lot much good and so much harm that we should know of animals, but all of these types of animals make about them. up less than 4% of all animal species. That means that 96% of animal species are invertebrates and Insects and spiders are classifi ed in the animal do not have backbones. The largest invertebrate kingdom named arthropods. About 85% of all the is a huge squid that can grow to over 40 feet animals we know in the world are arthropods. long and weigh over 1,000 pounds. The smallest This kingdom includes insects, arachnids (spiders) invertebrates are so small that you cannot see myriapods (cen pedes and millipedes), and them without a microscope. crustaceans (creatures like crabs and lobsters).

1 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 1

Science Journal: Have children write and illustrate the deﬁ ni on for “invertebrates” in their science journals. Also, using the following chart, have children make a chart in their science notebooks showing some animals that are vertebrates and some animals that are not invertebrates. Younger children can create a simpliﬁ ed chart by just drawing some pictures under each heading.

Invertebrates Vertebrates

Animals without a Backbone or Animals with a Backbone or Spinal Spinal Column Column

Sponges Fish

Coelenterates Amphibians

Echinoderms Reptiles

Worms Birds

Mollusks Mammals

Arthropods Which include insects, arachnids (spiders and their relatives), and crustaceans (crab, lobster, etc.)

Exoskeleton An exoskeleton is a hard covering that supports and protects the bodies of some type of animals. Many invertebrates, or animals without backbones, have exoskeletons. Exoskeletons are on the outside of the body.

Science Journal: Have children write and illustrate the Exoskeleton deﬁ ni on for “exoskeleton” in their science journals.

10 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 1

Cold Blooded You are warm-blooded. That means your body controls its temperature. Birds and mammals are also warm blooded. But arthropods are cold blooded. A cold-blooded animal cannot maintain a constant body temperature. The term cold-blooded might lead you to believe that a cold-blooded animal would be cold all the me, but that is not the case.

The temperature of a cold-blooded body is determined by the outside surroundings. Cold-blooded animals will move around during the day between the shade and the sun to warm up or cool down. Cold-blooded animals are much more ac ve in warm environments and are very sluggish in cold environments. Some insects die when it gets too cold. Some survive cold weather by moving underground or migra ng to warmer areas in the winter. Honeybees stay warm by crowding together and genera ng heat by moving their wings.

Science Journal: Have children write and illustrate the deﬁ ni on for “cold-blooded” in their science journals.

Read to children: Let’s study how spiders (arachnids) and insects are diﬀ erent. To do this, you will create a Venn diagram in your science notebook. Spiders have eight legs, but insects have only six legs. Spiders have two dis nct body parts; insects have three dis nct body parts. Also, all spiders can make silk threads, but insects cannot. We already know some of the ways that insects and spiders are the same: they are both cold blooded, they both have exoskeletons, they are both invertebrates.

insects arachnids

• have • have six legs • are cold- eight legs blooded • have three • have two body parts • have body exoskeletons • cannot make parts silk threads • are • can invertebrates make silk threads

Older Children - Lesson Extension Have older children (Grades 7-12) complete the following:

• Research the following terms online and take notes (and draw illustra ons where applicable) in their science notebooks: MANDIBLES | TRACHEAL RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | ECDYSIS

• Research and write about the diﬀ erence between a cen pede and a millipede.

11 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 2

Worksheet: Insects

Have children complete the workshop by copying the answers from the KEY.

Science Journal: Have children draw or trace the ant below in their science journal and label the parts.

Parts of an Insect

head thorax abdomen

antenna

14 © Jenny Phillips Ladybugs Insects Beetles

Butterfl ies Mosquitoes

Bees

Dragonfl ies and Ants

Flies Grass hoppers

Moths

Ladybugs Insects Beetles

The body of insects is Insects have six legs. made of three parts.

Butterfl ies Mosquitoes

Bees

Most insects have two Insects have antennae. pairs of wings. Dragonfl ies and Ants

Insects are cold-blooded. Insects lay eggs.

Flies Grass hoppers

Insects have exoskeletons. Moths

20 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 4

Mosquito Trivia Cards

• How many times per second does a mosquito beat its wings? [300-600]

• True or false: only female mosquitoes suck blood. [true—Female mosquitoes usually eat nectar. They only suck blood when they need the protein from blood to make eggs.]

• How much blood can a mosquito suck up? [more than three times its weight]

• What is Malaria? [a potentially deadly disease found mainly in Africa and South Africa that is carried by mosquitoes; over 1 million people die from Malaria each year]

• Are mosquitoes the only known species that carry Malaria? [yes]

• True or false: mosquitoes prefer the blood of animals over humans. [true]

• Where do mosquitoes lay their eggs? [in or near water]

• Is there anything good about mosquitoes? [Yes--they provide food for creatures such as birds, dragonflies, and frogs]

• What do male mosquitoes eat? [nectar from plants]

• True or false: sweat attracts mosquitoes. [true]

21 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 4 Firefly Images

Pho nus pyralis, a species of ﬁ reﬂ y found in the eastern United States (Terry Priest / wikimedia commons)

22 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 4

Fireﬂ ies by Jennifer D. Lerud

Fireﬂ ies In The Garden by Robert Frost, published in 1928

Here come real stars to ﬁ ll the upper skies, And here on earth come emulaƟ ng ﬂ ies, That though they never equal stars in size, (And they were never really stars at heart) Achieve at Ɵ mes a very star-like start. Only, of course, they can’t sustain the part.

Have you ever seen a fi refl y? The famous poet Robert Frost hasn’t been the only one to get excited at seeing their li le twinkling lights among the trees on a warm summer night. Firefl ies are many people’s favorite insects. Not everyone calls them fi refl ies, however. Some people call them lightning bugs. But no ma er what you call them, they are really winged beetles, not fl ies at all!

There are about 2000 species of fi refl ies, and they are found in temperate and tropical climates. Marshes and wet, wooded areas give their babies, called larvae, plenty of food. Water is really important for some fi refl y larvae, because they live underwater and have gills before climbing up onto land to become adults. Some species don’t fl y, though most of them do. Some mes it’s only the females who don’t fl y. They have so bodies like the larvae. Only their compound eyes show the diff erence between them.

Some ﬁ reﬂ ies are only awake at night. They’re called nocturnal. Some are awake during the day. They’re called diurnal.

And when they fl y and light up, it’s an amazing sight! They are using chemicals in their lower abdomens to fl ash signals to each other, telling each other what species they are. That’s called biolu- minescence. Almost 100 percent of this chemical reac on goes into making light, unlike 10 percent for an incandescent light bulb. Each species has its own dis nct pa ern of fl ashes. That way, they know they’re going to fall in love with the right type of fi refl y.

Firefl ies like to eat meat. Most of the larvae grow underground, which is why people in Europe call them glowworms, and they eat slugs, worms, and snails. The water larvae with gills like to eat aqua c snails. Once they grow into adults, they might eat other fi refl ies, but most eat pollen and nectar, and some don’t eat anything at all. That’s because they have very short lives.

23 © Jenny Phillips Termites

Rising up from deserts, tropical rain forests, temperate woodlands, and possibly . . . your local park, termite mounds are found on almost every con nent. These mounds can stretch to 80 feet across and 30 feet high—taller than a two-story house! They are very strong structures made from mud, digested wood, saliva, and feces. 1 There are so many termites spread across the con nents that the total weight of all the termites in the world is many mes more than the total weight of all the humans in the world. But it is a good thing that we have so many termites in our world, because they play an important role in decomposing huge amounts of decaying wood and plants. Without termites, our world would be a lot messier.

The only problem is, termites can cause a lot of destruc on when they live by humans. Homes and objects made with wood can be destroyed quickly by termites. They are known as “silent destroyers” because they can chew through walls and ﬂ oors without being detected un l much damage is done. Each year, termites cause billions of dollars in damage to buildings. Termites are busy li le creatures. They never stop ea ng or working. They eat 24 hours a day, seven days a week! Can you imagine working every hour of every day with no rest?

4 Science Lesson 8

Lesson 8 - Butterflies: Part 1

Objec ve • Help children gain knowledge about bu erﬂ ies and scien ﬁ c names.

Prepara on: Print out the pages with the bu erfl ies and the scien fi c and common names of the bu erfl ies. Then cut out all the boxes.

Print out the worksheet tled “Exploring the World Bu erﬂ y Census.” (one for each child)

Ac vity: Give children 10 minutes to draw Read to children: and color bu erfl ies of their own design. Jean-Henri Fabre, whom we learned about in the last Ask children to make the bu erfl ies very lesson, wrote this about bu erfl ies: detailed and to try to make the pa erns and colors on the right set of wings match Oh, how beau ful! Oh, my goodness, how the pa erns and colors on the le set of wings. beau ful they are! There are some whose wings are barred with red on a garnet back- Read to children: ground; some bright blue with black circles; others are sulfur-yellow with orange spots; How many diff erent bu erfl ies were you able to again others are white fringed with gold-color. design in 10 minutes? Pause for answers. In 2007, They have on the forehead two fi ne horns, two Adrian Hoskins collected and combined data from antenna, some mes fringed, some mes cut diff erent sources and produced a World Bu erfl y off like a tu of feathers. Under the head they Census which lists 17,657 currently known species have a proboscis, a sucker as fi ne as a hair and of bu erfl ies in the world. But more species of twisted into a spiral. When they approach a bu erfl ies are being discovered every year. fl ower, they untwist the proboscis and plunge It is amazing to think about God designing all of those it to the bo om of the corolla to drink a drop diff erent bu erfl ies. Imagine drawing 10 diff erent of honeyed liquor. Oh, how beau ful they are! designs for bu erfl ies every day. It would take you Oh, my goodness, how beau ful they are! almost fi ve years just to draw every known species Read to children: in the world today. God truly designed a very diverse and interes ng world for us to live on. Scien sts throughout the world use a common system for naming insects (and all other living organisms). Explore with children the World Bu erfl y Thus, scien fi c names are the same in every place and Census at h p://www.learnaboutbu er- in every language. fl ies.com/World%20Census.htm In this system, two words are used. The fi rst word Have children complete the worksheet indicates the “genus” (a subfamily) to which the tled “Exploring the World Bu erfl y Census.” species is assigned. The fi rst word is always a

40 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 8 capitalized La n name. The second name is the Science Journal: Have children read specifi c name and is not capitalized. the facts about bu erfl ies on this page. In their science journals, have Since La n names can be long and hard to pronounce, children make a list of the facts they common names are given to insects as well, so people think are most interes ng. can talk about insects in non-scien fi c language. • Bu erfl ies have four wings. Ac vity: Lay out the pictures of the • Most bu erfl ies feed on nectar from fl owers. bu erfl ies (numbered 1-6) and the scien fi c • Bu erfl ies can’t hear, but they can feel vibra ons. and common names that you cut out. Have • Bu erfl ies taste with their feet. children try to match up the bu erfl ies with their scien fi c and common names. They • Bu erfl ies use two antennae on top of their are given here for your reference. heads to see, smell, and feel. #1: • Once it emerges from its chrysalis as an adult, a bu erfl y only lives 2-4 weeks. Scien fi c Name: Danaus plexippus • Bu erfl ies can only fl y if they are warm enough. Common Name: Monarch Thus, you will o en see bu erfl ies basking in the sun with their wings spread open.

#2: • Like all insects, bu erfl ies are cold-blooded. Thus, outside condi ons determine a bu erfl y’s body Scien fi c Name: Aglais io temperature. To keep the temperature adjusted Common Name: Peacock correctly, bu erfl ies will overlap or angle their wings to adjust the amount of the wing exposed to the sun. The veins located on the wings carry #3 heat to the body. Bu erfl ies must seek shade Scien fi c Name: Apatura iris when temperatures get too hot. Common Name: Purple Emperor • A bu erfl y’s mouth is along tube called a proboscis through which it sucks the sweet nectar from fl owers. When the bu erfl y does not want #4 to eat, it rolls the tube up! It can only drink; it cannot chew. Scien fi c Name: Vanessa virginiensis • Bu erfl ies drink from mud puddles, which are rich Common Name: American Painted Lady in the minerals and salts they need to survive. • Bu erfl ies don’t have lungs. #5 • Bu erfl ies breath through openings on their Scien fi c Name: Celastrina argiolus abdomen called spiracles. Common Name: Holly Blue • Bu erfl ies cannot see all of the colors humans can see, but they see a range of ultraviolet colors invisible to the human eye. #6 • Bu erfl ies are the second largest group of Scien fi c Name: Pararge aegeria pollinators. Common Name: Speckled Wood Quiz children on the facts listed in the bulleted list above.

41 © Jenny Phillips Science Lesson 8

#1 #2

#3 #4

#5 #6

1. Draw three bu erfl ies on the con nent which has 2. Draw one bu erfl y on the con nent with the least the most species of bu erfl ies. species of bu erfl ies.

1. What is the name of the largest family of bu erﬂ ies?

______

2. Why do you think there are no bu erﬂ ies listed in the arc c region?

______

3. Using the World Bu erﬂ y Census and the chart below, answer the following ques ons.

Are there more species of ants or bu erfl ies?______Number of species ants: 12,000 Are there more species of beetles or bu erfl ies?______beetles: 350,000 mosquitoes: 3,500 Are there more species of mosquitoes or bu erfl ies?______

Lesson 9 - Butterflies: Part 2

Objec ve • Teach children about the life cycle of a bu erﬂ y, Monarch migra on, and bu erﬂ ies in your area.

Prepara on: Print out the chart “The Life Cycle of a Bu erﬂ y” or have it ready to display on a computer or tablet.

Print out a blank bu erﬂ y life cycle sheet for each child.

Select and be ready to play one of the videos suggested in the lesson.

Complete the following: leaves or fl owers almost constantly, 1. Show children the chart in this lesson tled star ng with the “The Life Cycle of a Bu erfl y,” and tell them leaf on which it you are going to study the life cycle of a was born. Because bu erfl y. caterpillars eat so much, they 2. Give each child a copy of the blank chart. grow fast. In fact, Have them write “The Life Cycle of a they grow so fast that they outgrow their skin Bu erfl y” in the top box. because it does not stretch or grow. Caterpillars 3. Have children illustrate and label the fi rst shed their skin several mes while they are stage, “eggs,” while you read the following: growing, and then get new skin. This is called mol ng. Bu erfl ies and moths undergo a complete metamorphosis in which they go through four diff erent life stages. These four stages can take one month to one year to complete, depending on the type of bu erfl y.

A bu erﬂ y starts its life as an egg a ached to a leaf or stem of the type of plant its species likes to eat. 4. Have children illustrate and label the second stage, “caterpillar,” while you read the following:

When the larva (caterpillar) hatches Photo by Andy from an egg, it is a ny worm-like Potter creature that is very hungry! It eats

Ants are almost everywhere in our world; they live on every con nent. Over 12,000 diﬀ erent species of ants have been classiﬁ ed, but scien sts believe there are at least 10,000 species of ants yet to be discovered. Ants especially like tropical forests where they some mes make up half of the insects in the area. 1 Photo by Doug Beckers

Ants are social insects; they live in groups and work together. Ants build their colonies inside trees, underground, or in mounds. Some colonies have only a few dozen ants; others have millions. 3

Ants are usually black or red or both, but some species are metallic or green. They can li 20 mes their own body weight. If you could li a horse above your head and carry it, you would be about as strong as an ant. Ants are also one of the smartest types of insects. They typically eat nectar, small insects, or seeds. However, some species, such as army ants, prey on birds, rep les, or even small mammals.

4 Science Lesson 11

Lesson 11 - Insect Defenses

Prepara on: Objec ve Op onal: Set up a tablet, computer, or other • Help children learn about how insects use device on which children can watch one of the defense mechanisms to protect themselves. suggested videos listed in this lesson.

Read to children: What characteris cs do you think this insect can use to protect itself? Pause for responses. This Katydid As humans, we have many body processes, charac- uses a defense mechanism called camoufl age, which teris cs, and tools we can use to protect us from allows the insect to blend in with its surroundings so harm. For example, our eyelashes protect things from that its presence is hid or disguised. ge ng into our eyes, our skin protects us against bacteria so we don’t get sick too easily, and we can Look at this next picture. How many insects can you also wear shoes to protect our feet. Insects also fi nd? Pause for responses. have characteris cs they use to protect themselves; they are called defense mechanisms. Diff erent kinds of insects use diff erent mechanisms to protect themselves against predators and a ackers.

Science Journal: Have the children pull out their science journals. At the top of a page write, “Insect Defense Mechanisms.” Then, have children list (and/or illustrate) the diff erent defense mechanisms that are specifi ed in each of the following paragraphs as you read and discuss them. Read to children: Take a look at this katydid. Look how the two insects look almost exactly like the branch that is next to them. This defense mechanism is similar to camoufl age, but instead of blending in and hiding with the same colors, it hides by resembling similar items that are in their habitat. This defense mechanism is called mimesis. The katydid we just looked at also uses mimesis because its shape and coloring looks like its surroundings, so it can blend in and hide even if it is not si ng directly on a leaf.

Another defense mechanism is called repellency. Repellency is when insects give oﬀ s nky smells. The s nk bug has its name because of the defense

Lesson 13 - Crustaceans

Objec ve • Help students understand the dis nguishing features of crustaceans and explore these fascina ng creatures.

Prepara on: Print out the sheet “Parts of a Crayﬁ sh.” (one for each child) Print out and assemble the mini book “Crustaceans.”

Supplies needed: • Op onal: crayﬁ sh dissec on kit

Ac vity: Insect Vocabulary A major diff erence between diff erent species of crayfi sh are the size and shape of their claws. Some Place the following vocabulary words on are long and skinny; some are very short and wide, the wall as you discuss the words and their and some are weak, and almost nonexistent. defi ni ons: CRUSTACEANS and MOLTING. Thorax: The head and the thorax together are called Read the mini book Crustaceans the cephalothorax. The cephalothorax is covered by a included in this lesson. thick armor called a carapace. Abdomen: The abdomen is made of 7 jointed Science Journal: Give each child a copy of sec ons. The last sec on is like a fi n and is called the the sheet "Parts of a Crayfi sh." Read the telson. Underneath the abdomen are fi ve pairs of informa on about each body part below as appendages called swimmerets. They are mainly used children fi ll out their sheet. Have children as swimming legs, but they can also catch food. place the sheets in their science notebooks. Op onal Ac vity: Crayfi sh Dissec on Antennae: These are sensory organs that func on to If desired, complete a crayfi sh dissec on. A crayfi sh help the crayfi sh hear, smell, and taste. Crayfi sh have dissec on kit with instruc ons can be purchased on two sets of antennae. Amazon.com or other websites. Compound Eyes: Crayfi sh eyes are diff erent from  human eyes. Not only do crayfi sh have compound Older Children - Lesson Extension eyes, but they s ck out on the end of stalks, allowing Have older children (Grades 7-12) them to detect fast movement. complete the following:

Walking Legs: Crayﬁ sh have four pairs of walking • Write a paper that compares the mol ng process legs. They are used primarily for walking and of three diﬀ erent species of arthropods. gathering food.

Claws: Crayﬁ sh use their claws to catch food, for defense, and for moving small items such as pebbles.

antennae compound eyes walking legs used for hear, smell, and eyes are mounted on taste stalks called PEDICLES

Claws used for hear, smell, and taste

head thorax abdomen fused to the 7 joined sections head

Within the arthropod phylum of the animal kingdom is a group of animals that may look like large insects. Just like insects, this type of animal has an exoskeleton (a hard, shell-like coverings that protects the so body parts from being crushed or injured) and jointed legs (used for walking and picking up food). However, unlike insects, instead of only one pair of antennae (used for feeling, tas ng, and smelling), they have two pair!! These animals are called crustaceans. 1 Did you know that you don’t have to be anywhere near the water to see one special type of crustacean? You might even be able to see them in your own yard! If you go on a spring me walk, you may see these li le gray or brown crustaceans, with their seven pairs of legs and two pairs of antennae, crossing your path. You also might ﬁ nd them if you turn over a rock while you’re gardening. But if you frighten them or try to pick them up, they will roll up into a ball to protect them- exoskeleton consists of overlapping plates selves. Have you guessed that we are talking that allow them to curl up and roll when they about roly-poly bugs? Also called pill bugs, feel threatened. Their dull color also enables sow bugs, and potato bugs, roly-poly bugs are them to blend in and hide from predators. ny crustaceans that live on land. Their hard 5

One type of crustacean is a fairly common pet: the hermit crab. Hermit crabs are unique because they can’t make their own shells; they must hide in shells le behind by other animals. As they grow, hermit crabs con nue to look for bigger and be er ﬁ ng shells. There are over 600 types of hermit crabs.