Interreg Alpine Space Project “OpenSpaceAlps” WP T1 Spatial Planning Governance Check and Guidance A.T1.3 Capacity building seminar D.T1.3.1 Presentation of the seminar
International capacity building seminar for young professionals on open space planning Salzburg (AT) 22nd – 25th July 2021
1 Friday, 23/07/2021
2 Welcome to the capacity building seminar on open space planning! Salzburg, Parkhotel Brunauer 22nd – 25th July 2021
…an event of the AlpPlan alpine spatial planning network in cooperation with:
3 Agenda
Seminar moderation: Constantin Meyer, University of Würzburg, Chair of Geography and Regional Science
Day 2: Friday, Thematic focus: 23/07/2021 How can we identify and analyse open spaces and their various qualities?
8:30 – 08:45 Day-Briefing
08:45 – 09:30 Introduction to the OpenSpaceAlps project Philipp Vesely (Salzburg Institute for Regional Planning and Housing, OpenSpaceAlps lead partner) Univ.-Prof. Dr. Hubert Job (University of Würzburg, Chair of Geography and Regional Science) Dr. Guido Plassmann (ALPARC – The Alpine Network of Protected Areas)
09:30 – 10:10 Input Session 1 Detecting and safeguarding remote alpine areas – the Vorarlberg White zone inventory Andreas Marlin & Dr. Stefan Obkircher (Spatial planning department, Vorarlberg state administration)
10:10 – 10:30 Input Session 2 Creating an alps-wide map of open spaces – The OpenSpaceAlps mapping approach Oriana Coronado (ALPARC – The Alpine Network of Protected Areas)
10:30 – 10:50 Coffee break
10:50 – 12:15 Interactive Workshop Assessing open space qualities – Which criteria and indicators can we use in spatial and landscape planning?
12:15 – 12:30 Introduction to pilot sites
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 18:00 Field trip to pilot site (Tennengau, AT) incl. meetings and discussions with local experts
18:00 Dinner 4 Agenda
Day 3: Saturday, Thematic focus: 24/07/2021 How can we incorporate open spaces in planning procedures? Which instruments are available and effective?
8:30 – 08:45 Day-Briefing
8:45 – 09:30 Input Session 1 Safeguarding multifunctional open spaces – examples from the Austrian Alps Dr. Arthur Schindelegger (Technical University Vienna, Research Area Land Policy and Land Management)
09:30 – 10:00 Input Session 2 Strengthening the role of open spaces in (regional) planning procedures – insights from the OpenSpaceAlps pilot regions Peter Laner (Eurac Research, Institute for Regional Development)
10:00 – 10:20 Coffee break
10:20 – 12:15 Interactive Workshop Developing planning strategies for open spaces – Which planning approaches can we use/combine for safeguarding open spaces functions?
12:15 – 12:30 Introduction to pilot sites
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 18:00 Field trip to pilot site (Berchtesgadener Land, DE) incl. meetings and discussions with local experts
18:00 Dinner
5 Agenda
Day 4: Summary and feedback from participants Sunday, 25/072021
09:00 – 10:30 Feedback workshop How will the participants use the competences in their home regions?
10:30 – 10:40 Short coffee break
10:40 – 11:00 Final Wrap-up & outlook (upcoming OpenSpaceAlps activities)
11:00 End of the seminar, get together (hotel check-out until 11:00)
12:00 Farewell lunch Please inform us if you want to depart before lunch
6 Introduction to the OpenSpaceAlps project Philipp Vesely (OpenSpaceAlps project manager) Salzburg Institute for Regional Planning and Housing (SIR)
Prof. Dr. Hubert Job (project partner, workpackage leader) University of Würzburg, Chair of Geography and Regional Science
Dr. Guido Plassmann (project partner, workpackage leader) Director of ALPARC – The Alpine Network of Protected Areas
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 7 OPEN SPACE ALPS Sustainable development of alpine open spaces by enhancing spatial planning governance
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 Project partnership
Project aims Challenges Coherent transnational cooperation of spatial Near-natural open spaces (all spaces planning in the Alpine Space outside of settlements free from modern avoid a race to the bottom regarding minimum technical development, extensive traffic, standards exchange on approaches for open space noise) maintenance to improve capacities of spatial basis of human well-being, biodiversity planners e.g. integrating sectoral planning and other and the livelihood of future generations stakeholders decreasing in the Alps due to raising interlink spatial planning strategies in local and human impact and landscape transnational pilot areas fragmentation Network: Icon made by Becris from www.flaticon.com Mountains: Icon made by Vitaly Gorbachev from www.flaticon.com Tree: Icon made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 MAIN OUTPUTS
Handbook for planners
Basic visualization for alpswide spatial planning
Strategic recommandations
AlpPlanNetwork
Handbook: Icon made by Flat Icons from www.flaticon.com Map and Thumb up: Icons made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com Network: Icon made by Becris from www.flaticon.com OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 WORK PACKAGES
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 STATE OF PROGRESS
Definition open space; Catalogue planning approaches
Definition 5 local case study areas Online meeting 13th May Local case studies Project end June 2022
201 March April 2020 May 2020 2021 2022 9 2020
Kick-off Nov. Project Cross-border case studies 2019 Homepage logo
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 SOURCES
• Mountains:
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 Background of the OpenSpaceAlps project Prof. Dr. Hubert Job – University of Würzburg
Previous work in cooperation with ARL (DE) and WSL (CH)
16 Alpenplan (Bavarian Alps, DE)
Source: JOB et al. 2020 OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 18 Source: MAYER et al. 2016 19 Quiet Areas/ Ruhe- gebiete -Tyrol, AT
Source: JOB et al. 2020
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 21 Open Space Analysis for Switzerland
Source: JOB et al. 2020
22 Current flood incidents…also an open space issue
Source: https://www.dw.com/en/germany-floods- bavarias-tourist-region-begins-cleanup/a-58322547
24 Open Space Alps – capacity building
From SACA to OpenSpace Salzburg, 23rd of July 2021
Dr. Guido Plassmann, ALPARC 25 OpenSpaces – a long term vision OpenSpaceAlps conciliate the overall coordination of spatial planning with all its components referring to open spaces for generations to come. In 2030 spatial planners, economists and ecologists are working together to find the best way to use available land on the base of common criteria and a common understanding to keep spaces open for generations to come able to decide themselves how to use not constructed space in the future.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 26 Data & Alps-wide mapping Infrastructure components
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 27 Data & Alps-wide mapping Infrastructure buffer
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 28 29 30 Strategic Alpine Connectivity Areas - SACAs' – areas of high importance to maintain or improve ecological connectivity in the Alps.
Urban pressure leads to an extension of disruption mainly at the foot of the mountains. To increase ecological networks, corridors have to be preserved or restored. Connectivity in low and mid altitudinal levels need to be increased.
31 https://alparc.org/alpine- resources/atlas-alpbionet2030
32 OpenSpaces – a definition “Open spaces comprise areas that are kept free from building developments of any kind, which are not predominantly developed (punctual, linear or planar infrastructure) and widely free of soil sealing, ideally free of traffic or largely reserved for non-motorised traffic and thus 'noise-free'. Technical infrastructures not belonging to the landscape structure are either non-existent or hardly available.”
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 33 Data & Alps-wide mapping – Results (multifunctional Open Spaces)
Level of spatial development %
34 Level of spatial development under 20%
35 Open spaces and land cover – high % is situated in areas with little or no vegetation!
Level of spatial development under 20%
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 36 % of open spaces under 1 500 m.a.s.l Only 47 % are under 1500 m!
Level of spatial development under 20%
37 Status of the area: protected areas = automatically open spaces?
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 38 Pilot regions
Berchtesgaden – Tennegau
Prealpi Giulie – Mont Blanc Upper Posočje region - Carinthia
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 39 Data & Alps-wide mapping Infrastructure buffer
Berchtesgadener Land - Tennengau
40 Level of spatial development % Berchtesgadener Land - Tennengau
41 SACA 1 are open spaces - Numerous SACA 2 as well and here is the challenge of preservation!
Strategic Alpine Connectivity Areas (SACA)
42 OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 43 Detecting and safeguarding remote alpine areas – the Vorarlberg White zone inventory
Andreas Marlin & Dr. Stefan Obkircher Spatial planning department, Vorarlberg state administration
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 44 Rauher Stafel (Marlin 2015)
Open Space Alps - AlpPlan network White Zone Inventory Vorarlberg capacity building seminar
Detecting and safeguarding remote Andreas Marlin, Stefan Obkircher (barely developed) alpine areas Spatial Planning department Vorarlberg Friday, July 23, 2021 Content
1) Starting position, goals and principles
2) Process
3) Method to identify „white zones“
4) Results
5) Critical reflection and outlook About Vorarlberg
400.000 inhabitants 96 municipalities
2/3 area > 1000 sea level 1/5 area = „espace vital/living space“ 1/10 area = 8/10 of the inhabitants 1) Starting position, goals and principles o high pressure of landscape use in the alpine region: e.g. cable car projects, road constructions o criticism from nature conservation organisations o 2012: Order from the government to record and document the remaining barely developed landscapes in Vorarlberg = inventory of white zones o checking whether these white zones should be protected by legal regulation in spatial planning law Goals
- Preservation of traditional, natural and barely developed alpine landscape areas to compensate for the developed and intensively used areas in Vorarlberg.
- Prevention from new, large infrastructures changing the landscape in selected areas.
Principles
- The continuation and further development of sustainable agriculture, forestry and hunting should be possible to continue in these areas.
- The accessibility in white zones should be protected for people (e.g. hiking, ski touring). The ability to experience the landscape should remain intact (no exclusion area for people).
3) Method to identify „white zones“
landscape chambers
“A landscape chamber” is a visual unit that is as self-contained as possible - ideally a valley surrounded by mountain ridges.
Landscape chamber in the area of Montafon (Silbertal) 3) Method to identify „white zones“
1. calculate landscape 2. select infrastructures and 4. divide the study area into 3 chambers based on provide them with a 200 m- categories: core zone, buffer zone hydrological catchment buffer and development zone and areas 3. “degree of development”: 5. combine them into Percentage of developed areas “descriptive units” in the total area of a landscape chamber 3) Method to identify „white zones“
Descriptive units are usually composed of different white-zone categories with similar natural and cultural landscape characteristics
Buffer zones: Neighbouring, undeveloped parts of landscape chambers with over 20% development
Core zones: entire landscape chambers with a degree of development of less than 20 %
Development zones: Developed area around infrastructures in landscape chambers with a degree of development between 20 and 30% 4) Results – „degree of development“
- high infrastructural development
- most remote location (area of Piz Buin) with less than 3 km to the next road 4) Results – „degree of development“
- high infrastructural development
- most remote location (area of Piz Buin) with less than 3 km to next road
- a third of the country´s area are documented as white zones
- only about 6 percent of the country is undeveloped (no access by road or cable car)
- there are only seven (small) side valleys that do not have a road access 4) Results in general – land use
>50 % Ödland
forest agricultural land uncultivated land (mainly alps) (wasteland) 4) Results in general – protected areas
- approximately 30 % of white zones are already protected under the environmental protection act (green territories in map) 4) Results in detail – „inventory“
- 83 “descriptive units” of white zones in 38 municipalities, mainly in the south
Overview sheets with key data Territory map Area description Landuse description Special particularities 4) Results in detail – characteristics of white zones
5 indicators The network graphic shows the positive area properties in the sense of a white zone and shows them in a visual overall assessment. 5) Critical reflection and outlook
LESSONS LEARNED (development process & method) - successful cooperation of planning department & environmental protection department – “common picture” (regarding accessibility of the white zones) - greater protective effect/regulation through spatial planning instrument (Landesraumplan) - well recognized professional analysis (inventory) but implementation is questioned - participation of municipalities too late (reaction not interaction)? - lobbying I: stakeholders (alpine) agricultural & forestry sector more or less noncomitted - lobbying II: stakeholders tourism & ski resorts well organized and critical opinion against project (development restrictions) - added value for touristic development (USP for holistic approach, all-year-round tourism) could not be communicated despite marketing strategy BUT ski resort 2021 launching exhibition and “white zone trail” 5) Critical reflection and outlook
IMPACT - very good basis for spatial planning without a regulated law in the alpine area. - widely accepted and used as a basis for expert assessments - map & strategies/objectives are integrated in the Raumbild Vorarlberg 2030 (spatial development concept) - implementation in the Vorarlberger tourism strategy2020 - evaluation of the inventory within 10 years
BUT - Legal regulation not foreseeable in the next few years - Covid-19 pandemic as window of opportunity (overtourism and need for recreation areas)? Strategy - Create a balance between areas developed for tourism and untouched nature
In already developed tourist areas, modernizations and selective expansion/ connections are made if there is a justified need. In landscape areas that have not been developed or are not fully developed, no further tourist developments with lifts/cable cars et. or other large tourist infrastructures that modify the landscape are implemented.
Raumbild Vorarlberg 2030 spatial development concept
Lake Formarin (UMG 2013)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! www.vorarlberg.at/weisszonen The OpenSpaceAlps mapping approach
Oriana CORONADO ALPARC – The Alpine Network of Protected Areas
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 45 Open spaces mapping
• Level of spatial development calculation
• Common criteria for Open spaces identification
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 46 Level of spatial development calculation
Gero Nischik Marco Pütz
47 Mapping process – I part
A • Artificial landscape elements 1 • Data sources
B • Buffer - disturbances 2 • Test on pilot zones C • Spatial delimitation - watersheds • Data extraction • Spatial development 3 D calculation
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 48 Data & Alps-wide mapping Infrastructure components
European level datasources - Open street map - Copernicus Land Monitoring Service • Land cover • Impervious Built-up
49 Data & Alps-wide mapping – Swiss Analysis
Infrastructure component Buffer distances Infrastructure component Buffer distances
Buildings 25 m Artificial 200 m recreational facilities Highways 200 m 100 m Secondary roads Power lines 200 m 100 m Residential Raw material extraction 500 m
Railways 200 m Landfills / dumps 500 m Ski lift facilities 500 m Power plants 1.000 m (plants with high emissions) Airports 1.000 m
50 Data & Alps-wide mapping Infrastructure buffer
51 Data & Alps-wide mapping – Results Open Spaces coverage
Level of spatial development %
52 Common criteria
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 53 Open Spaces criteria
Level of coverage from infrastructures Elevation
Distance from settlements Distance from intensive use Quantitative criteria and buildings of soil
Land cover, Copernicus DEM
Protection function Green infrastructure
Qualitative criteria Ecological connectivity Sustainable agriculture
Strategic Alpine Connectivity Areas (SACA)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 54 Level of spatial development under 10% and land cover
55 Level of spatial development under 10% and spaces under 1 500 m.a.s.l
56 Mapping process – II part
Comparison / Spatial 1 Criteria definition 3 Data processing A development
Data selection 2 Data sources B < 10% spatial development
Data extraction Identification of 3 C complementary - HNV - DEM indicators - Land Cover- Ecological connectivity OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 57 Assessing open space qualities – Which criteria and indicators can we use in spatial and landscape planning?
Interactive Workshop
For instructions please have a look at the workshop handout!
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 58 What is open space?
Photos: Constantin Meyer 59 What is open space? And why does it matter?
padlet results: https://padlet.com/constantinmeyer/s97wmu91ytzjrecx
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 60 OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 61 Group 1: Ecological functions of open spaces
Which open space functions are relevant in this thematic field (ecosystems/ habitats/ species/ climate/…)?
Which criteria are necessary to incorporate these open space functions in spatial and landscape planning?
Which (geo-)data sources are especially relevant and easily accessible for spatial and landscape planning?
Group 2: Economic functions of open spaces Which open space functions are relevant in this thematic field (labour/ value creation/ prosperity/ supply of food and goods/… )?
Which criteria are necessary to incorporate these open space functions in spatial and landscape planning?
Which (geo-)data sources are especially relevant and easily accessible for spatial and landscape planning?
Group 3: Social/societal functions of open spaces Which open space functions are relevant in this thematic field (human wellbeing/ quality of life/ health/ safety/ satisfaction/… )?
Which criteria are necessary to incorporate these open space functions in spatial and landscape planning?
Which (geo-)data sources are especially relevant and easily accessible for spatial and landscape planning?
62 Workshop Results
63 Workshop Results
64 Introduction to pilot site “Tennengau” Inhabitants: Salzburg City 155.000 Tennengau 60.000 (Salzach valley ~48.000) Salzburg Federal State 555.000
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 65 OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 66 Excursion to pilot site “Tennengau”
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 67 Excursion to pilot site “Tennengau”
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 68 Saturday, 24/07/2021
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 69 Agenda
Day 3: Saturday, Thematic focus: 24/07/2021 How can we incorporate open spaces in planning procedures? Which instruments are available and effective?
8:30 – 08:45 Day-Briefing
8:45 – 09:30 Input Session 1 Safeguarding multifunctional open spaces – examples from the Austrian Alps Dr. Arthur Schindelegger (Technical University Vienna, Research Area Land Policy and Land Management)
09:30 – 10:00 Input Session 2 Strengthening the role of open spaces in (regional) planning procedures – insights from the OpenSpaceAlps pilot regions Peter Laner (Eurac Research, Institute for Regional Development)
10:00 – 10:20 Coffee break
10:20 – 12:15 Interactive Workshop Developing planning strategies for open spaces – Which planning approaches can we use/combine for safeguarding open spaces functions?
12:15 – 12:30 Introduction to pilot sites
12:30 – 14:00 Lunch break
14:00 – 18:00 Field trip to pilot site (Berchtesgadener Land, DE) incl. meetings and discussions with local experts
18:00 Dinner
70 Safeguarding multifunctional open spaces – examples from the Austrian Alps Dr. Arthur Schindelegger, TU Wien
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 71 Open Spaces: Natural areas up high?
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 72 Open Spaces: Cultural landscapes?
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 73 Open Spaces: Undeveloped areas in between?
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 74 Guiding questions (1) What is an “open space” in the Alps (from a planning perspective) and where do we experience conflicts? (2) What sectoral domains are relevant to keep areas free of any (further) development? (3) What instruments exist in sectoral domains and spatial planning to safeguard open spaces?
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 75 OPEN SPACES Areas that are kept free from buildings and technical infrastructure, for example roads, cable cars or power lines.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 76 …a truly open space
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 77 …but… it is more complex than it seems.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 78 What is an “open space” in the Alps (from a planning perspective)?
It is a question of… • Scale: defined by the level (national, regional, local, plot) • Buffer: where does an open space start/end? At the house garden? • Functions and services: esp. ecosystem services and climate services; multifunctional (e.g. flood retention, cold air formation, recreation, etc.) • Cultural practice: mountain pasture, managed forests, vineyards
Open spaces are relevant not only up high but on slopes and in valleys as well!
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 79 …and where do we experience conflicts?
Illegal construction works Source: tirol.orf.at Wild camping Source: tirol.orf.at 380kV powerline © Austrian Power Grid
80 …
Ski resorts cable cars, funiculars, supply infrastructure (restaurants, artificial snow production) OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 81 …
Ski resorts no technical infrastructure but change of the natural topography with according implications OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 82 …
Ski resorts combined summit station and restaurant
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 83 …
Ski resorts artificial lakes for snow production
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 84 …
Photovoltaic power plant access roads, power lines, etc. with aesthetic and ecological implications
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 85 Wind turbines access roads, power lines, disturbance of migratory birds etc.
86 …
Avalanche protection access roads, regular replacement necessary, destruction of the natural soil structure/vegetation
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 87 Urban sprawl in the valleys expanding residential and commercial areas, technical infrastructure
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 88 What sectoral domains are important to keep areas free of any (further) development? • Sectoral domains of the federal state (national level): • Water management: flood protection, drinking water supply, etc. • Forestry: protection forest (protection from debris flows and avalanches) • Sectoral domains of the states (regional level): • Nature protection and conservation • Spatial planning • States: legislation for spatial planning; planning on regional level • Municipalities: land use planning
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 89 … Forest and water law protection forest needs to maintain its function; settlements and infrastructure can only be developed outside from flood/avalanche zones
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 90 91 Source: Land Salzburg
Source: Land Salzburg
92 Primary function Utilisation Protection Welfare Recreation
93 Protection Forest
• Rockfall and avalanche protection • Hardly any buildings allowed but dense network of logging roads • Conflicts with hunting; missing rejuvenation; poor ecological condition
94 Nature conservation – state law
95 Natura 2000
96 National park “Hohe Tauern“ • Three state laws on the national park • Protection through different titles: landscape conservation, Natura 2000 (FFH, Birds directive); no national protection! • Collaborative management and funding
97 What objectives and instruments does spatial planning have to safeguard open spaces? • General planning goals: provide housing and areas for commerce, efficient use of resources, equal living conditions, consider ecology, prevent hazards, etc. • Open space: Keep areas free of development to • …prevent damage in case of natural hazard events, • …ensure ecological connectivity, • …enable an efficient agriculture, • …avoid conflicts of land use.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 98 OPEN SPACE CONCEPT The focus is on assessing and limiting settlement sprawl and landscape fragmentation. It is related with other concepts, such as green space and green infrastructure.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 99 Regulatory mechanisms • General legal provisions in planning laws and binding programs: • Flood areas are no-development zone • Glaciers are generally protected. Any changes or commercial use is prohibited (except certain ski resorts) Tyrolean glacier protection program • Demarcation of open spaces in plans/concepts/programs • Single vs. multi-functional purpose • Legally binding for state administration and/or municipalities • Typically non-binding for sectoral domains (e.g. construction of roads, highways)
100 Green & blue zone – Vorarlberg • Aim to sustain large estates for efficient agriculture & keep areas free for flood run off • Municipalities are limited in their zoning decisions.
101 Tyrolean ropeway and ski resort program 2018
102 Regional programs – Provident areas for agriculture • Aims to sustain large estates for efficient agriculture • Municipalities are limited in their zoning decisions.
Example: Tyrol Austria
103 Regional programs – Regional green areas • Aims to limit building development outside settlement areas • Municipalities are limited in their zoning decisions.
Example: Tyrol Austria
104 Spatial planning – Local level Development Concept
LANDSCAPE
VILLAGE
ECOLOGY
FOREST AGRICULTURE 105 … protective & economic function
farmhouses – features of the cultural landscape
economic & ecological function
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 106 Development Concepts • Outline the future spatial development of a municipality. They typically contain no-development areas or such with restrictions for building development. • Development concepts have a solely local perspective. Connectivity is widely missing. e.g. Concept 2.0 of Innsbruck limiting areas for development
107 Spatial planning – Local level Zoning plan
108 Zoning plans • Zones for agriculture and forestry do not implicate a general building ban! (hunting lodge, barn, bee house) • No -development zones need to be specifically zoned as such! e.g. alluvial forest along the river Danube in Upper Austria (dark green)
109 Conclusions
• Open spaces need to be addressed on different spatial/administrative levels in a complementary manner. • Open spaces are a product of legal obligations (e.g. FFH), public interests from sectoral domains (e.g. drinking water supply), individual development rationales (e.g. commerce, ski resort) and further spatial development intentions – therefore, stakeholders and their perspectives matter • Open spaces do not need to be free of any buildings/infrastructure or anthropocentric usage – services and functionality matter!
110 Thank you for your attention! Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Hvala za pozornost! Merci pour votre attention! Grazie per l’attenzione!
Contact information: [email protected] All pictures in the presentation (if not noted explictly) © Arthur Schindelegger
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 111 Open spaces in regional planning procedures Insights from the OpenSpaceAlps pilot regions
Peter Laner Eurac Research, Institute for Regional Development
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 112 Content
Main challenges … for open spaces in pilot sites
Planning gaps … and implementation barriers
Planning approaches … from other alpine countries
Transferable elements … and cross-border harmonization potentials
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 113 Open Spaces
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 114 Soil Sealing changes 2009-2012 in the Alps
Source: ESPON Alps 2050. The Alps 2050 Atlas.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 115 Tourism intensity 2015 – overnight stays per 100 inhabitants on NUTS 3 level
Source: EURAC Research Institute for regional Development Origin of data: National statistical offices
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 116 Main challenges for open spaces in pilot sites
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 117 Pilot sites and cross–border regions Overview
A: Berchtesgaden – Tennengau
B: C: Prealpi Giulie – Mont Blanc – Upper Posočje region - Upper Aosta Carinthia Valley
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 118 Berchtesgadener Land (DE)- Tennengau (AT)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 119 800 700 Development of Land use in 600 Berchtesgadener Land 1980 500 - 2012: Increases and 400 decreases of land use 300 categories in ha 200 (ALB-System) 100 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -600 -700 -800 1980-1984 1984-1988 1988-1992 1992-1996 1996-2000 2000-2004 2004-2008 2008-2012 Buildings and urban open spaces Industrial zone (without mining) Source: Calculation of JMU on Mining Recreation area data basis of the Bavarian Transport Agriculture Statistical Office 2020 Forests Water Other land uses (without cemetery) CemeteryFriedhof (GENESIS-Database) OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 120 „Settlement development Oberalm (1952/54)“ – Tenngau (AT) Source: SAGIS
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 121 „Settlement development Oberalm (2017)“ – Tenngau (AT) Settlement development and urban sprawl caused by the city of Salzburg
Agricultural land, Ecological and recreational valuable areas in the valley bottom (fragmentation) Structural and qualitative loss
Source: SAGIS
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 122 Planning gaps and implementation obstacles
Berchtesgadener Land district (DE) Tennengau (AT) . Data not usable for planning activities . Missing basic studies for open of municipalities spaces . Lacking intermunicipal planning . Missing local resources for open space planning . No binding coordination on settlement development at district level . Regulative character of soil fertility lacking in spatial planning decisions
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 123 Prealpi Giulie (IT) – Upper Soča Valley (SI)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 124 Prealpi Giulie – Province of Udine (IT)
350 Increased soil consumption in the province of Udine compared to 289 300 the previous period [ha].
250 200 179 Open spaces under pressure: 149 150
Area (ha) . Land abandonment and loss 100 56 of human activities 50 30 . Decline of agriculture, 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 unregulated return of forests Year Source: Elaboration based on data of the national environmental information system. http://groupware.sinanet.isprambiente.it/uso-copertura-e-consumo-di- suolo/library/consumo-di-suolo/indicatorit OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 125 Upper Soča Valley (SI) Glamping site (Luxury camping) Type of pressure . Increase of dispersed tourist activities: walking, “wild” cycling, glamping areas, parking, etc.
Open Spaces under pressure . Fragmentation of open spaces by tourist activities . Conflicts between local population (e.g., farmers) and tourists . Overgrowing of agricultural land decreases touristic attractiveness of landscape Source: www.gites.fr
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 126 Second Homes in the Triglav National Park Type of pressure . Constructions outside settlements and uses of abandoned buildings e.g. from farms to secondary homes. . Dispersed settlements misused for secondary homes Open Spaces under pressure . Characteristics of the landscapes, natural areas and traditional architecture
Source: Miha Koderman 2017: Second Homes in Protected Areas of Slovenia – The Case of the Triglav National Park. OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 127 Planning gaps and implementation obstacles
Upper Soča Valley (SI) Prealpi Giulie – (IT) . Lack of background studies (vulnerability . Structural weaknesses for the of the landscape and attractiveness for spatial planning sector various activities) . Merging small municipalities in . No management plans outside protected intermunicipal territorial union areas, missing regional planning (UTI) not successfully . Missing cross- sectoral concept for visitor . Lacking management of guidance and legislation for certain remaining open spaces activities (e.g., mountain biking)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 128 Mont Blanc (FR) – Upper Aosta Valley (IT)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 129 Pressure on open spaces
Touristic pressure Open spaces affected . Presence of second homes double the . Natural landscape, meadows presence of people in tourist season . Glaciers and protected natural . No equipped areas for campers areas by heliskiing . Excessive presence of cars . Heliskiing service . New ski slopes . Individual chalets . … 130 Planning gaps and implementation obstacles
Mont Blanc (FR) Upper Aosta Valley (IT) . Limited understanding of open space . Lacking clear regulations functions between residents owning land . A survey of some wetlands, dry lawns and and the presence and activities plants of cultivated environments is of tourists missing . Lack of dialogue between sectors agriculture, tourism, etc.
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 131 Open Space functions and protection
Nature protection function Protected Areas (Habitats of endangered species) Ecological function Unique Landscapes/ landscape ecology Protected Landscapes & Ecological Corridors
Agriculture High productive soils (Productivity index) Economic function Forestry Forests with management plans, national laws
Distances to infrastructures - land use Recreational function planning Social function Protection function Flood retention areas, risk zones (HQ30, HQ100)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 132 Planning approaches Examples from other regions in the Alps
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 133 Agricultural Provision Areas (Landwirtschaftliche Vorsorgeflächen) federal state of Tyrol (Land Tirol) Objectives contribution to the food- supply, preservation of farm structures and the cultural landscape Delimitation: soil productivity index > 25, min. size 4 ha, slope < 35 % Legal implementation: Spatial (Development) Programmes
Source: tirisMaps, Amt der Tiroler Landesregierung, 2017, 2020 134 State Green Zone (Landes- grünzone) 1950 federal state of Vorarlberg (Land Vorarlberg)
Source: Land Vorarlberg, VoGIS 2020 135 State Green Zone (Landes- Ecological areas grünzone) 1980 federal state of Vorarlberg (Land Vorarlberg)
Agriculture
Recreation
Source: Land Vorarlberg, VoGIS 2020 136 State Green Zone (Landes- grünzone) 2020 federal state of Vorarlberg (Land Vorarlberg)
Source: Land Vorarlberg, VoGIS 2020 137 State Green Zone (Landesgrünzone) federal state of Vorarlberg (Land Vorarlberg)
Subject: large scale continuous green spaces in the Rhine valley and Walgau region Delimitation: Field work, cartographic proposals, concretization with municipalities Legal implementation: State Spatial Plan (Landesraumplan)
Source: Land Vorarlberg, VoGIS 2020; Amt der Vorarlberger Landesregierung 2018 138 Alpine Quiet Areas (Alpine Ruhezonen) Tennengau, federal State of Salzburg (Land Salzburg)
Priority area for commercial uses Alpine wasteland Priority area for technology and innovation Priority area for universities of applied science Network of green areas Forest areas Green corridors across the valley Priority area ecology Priority area ALPINE QUIET AREAS Recreation Touristic development area ski lifts Mountain pastures Touristic development area health tourism Priority axis recreation
10 km Source: SIR-Raumordnung/ Regionalverband Tennengau 2002b 139 Regional Territorial Government Plan (Piano del Governo del Territorio - PGT) example: autonomous region Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, exemplified through the Regional Ecologic Network (Rete ecologica regionale)
Source: Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia 2013c 140 Regional Landscape Plan Example: Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Ecological Network
The Landscape Plan is feeding the Territorial Government Plan
Delimitation: Landscape values revealed by experts and participation process with local population
Source: Regione Autonoma 50 km Friuli Venezia Giulia
141 Cantonal Structure Plan (Kantonaler Richtplan) example: Canton Wallis/Valais
Legend Protected agricultural areas and vines Ecological network and wildlife corridor Housing Working areas
Source: Kanton Wallis, Dienststelle für Raumentwicklung 2020 (basemap/imagery: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earth-star Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community)
142 Special Plan on Lifts and Ski Slopes (Fachplan Aufstiegsanlagen und Skipisten) Autonomous Province of Bolzano – South Tyrol (Autonome Provinz Bozen – Südtirol)
Objective: maintaining the ecological balance, connection possibilities within the ski zones Delimitation: Buffer of 150m and concretization with municipalities Legal implementation: Sectoral plan of Regional Development Programme
Source: Autonome Provinz Bozen – Südtirol 2014b: folio Nr. 1 143 Alpenplan Federal state of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern) comprehensive area-wide zoning from a supra-local perspective: zones for development and protection zones
Part of the Bavarian State Development Programme
Source: StMWi 2020 144 Transferable elements
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 145 Transferable instruments to pilot sites Overview
A: Agricultural provision areas A B: State Green Zone B C C: Tranquil zones/ AlpenPlan F C E D: Regional Landscape Plan D E: Tranquil zones F: Plan regrading territorial friendly tourism
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 146 Harmonisation potentials
Transnational region Harmonisation potentials Multifunctional green zone/ Berchtesgadener Land (DE) – multifunctional indicator for evaluating open space functions Tennengau (AT) in the valley bottom
Prealpi Giulie (IT) – Upper Soča Valley (SI) – Regional landscape plans Carinthia (AT)
Mont Blanc (FR) – Plans combining the territorial aspect of safeguarding of Upper Aosta Valley (IT) – open spaces with the development aspect in tourism Valais (CH) destinations
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 147 Transferable elements
Good transferability Difficult transferability
integrative planning instruments Specific/ sectoral instruments
planning for open space functions planning against disturbing infrastructure
examples examples multifunctional indicators, landscape plans, plan for ski lifts and ski slopes, plan on limiting wind power infrastructure, zoning for secondary soil fertility index, ecological corridors homes, settlement boundaries
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 148 Developing planning strategies for open spaces – Which planning approaches can we use/ combine for safeguarding open spaces functions? Interactive Workshop
For instructions please have a look at the workshop handout!
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 149 Group 1: cross-border pilot region Berchtesgadener Land (DE) / Tennengau (AT)
Group 2: cross-border pilot region Prealpi Giulie (IT) / upper Soča Valley (SLO)
Group 3: cross-border pilot region Mont Blanc (FR / IT)
Please develop a regional planning approach, which takes into account open space quantities/structures/qualities, based on the following guiding questions: - Which open space functions can be attributed special significance? - To what extent are the different open space functions compatible with each other? (mono- vs. multifunctional planning categories) - Which planning approaches are suitable to safeguard open spaces and their interconnections? Which steering mechanisms (e.g. prohibition of building land development, specific regulations for agricultural use) can be applied?
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 150 Workshop Results – Group 1
151 Workshop Results – Group 1
152 Workshop Results – Group 1
153 Workshop Results – Group 2
154 Workshop Results – Group 2
155 Workshop Results – Group 3
156 Workshop Results – Group 3
157 Introduction to pilot site “Berchtesgadener Land” . District (Landkreis) in the South-East of Bavaria/ Germany along the border with Salzburg/ Austria . Area: 840 km², Population: ca. 106.300, 15 municipalities . UNESCO Biosphere Reserve since 1990/2010 . Berchtesgaden National park in the southern part of the district (only alpine national park in Germany) . District can be structured in three landscape types: “pre-alpine” area around Freilassing and Laufen, “alpine” area around Bad Reichenhall, “high-alpine” area around Berchtesgaden . Important tourism region (especially the southern part): 784.428 guest arrivals and 2.980.500 overnight stays in 2019 . Territorial development (especially of the northern part) influenced by the Salzburg agglomeration . Especially the southern part features a high coverage of protected areas (national park, nature reserves, Natura 2000, protected landscapes,…)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 158 Excursion to pilot site “Berchtesgadener Land”
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 159 Excursion to pilot site “Berchtesgadener Land”
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 160 Sunday, 25/07/2021
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 161 Agenda
Day 4: Summary and feedback from participants Sunday, 25/072021
09:00 – 10:30 Feedback workshop How will the participants use the competences in their home regions?
10:30 – 10:40 Short coffee break
10:40 – 11:00 Final Wrap-up & outlook (upcoming OpenSpaceAlps activities)
11:00 End of the seminar, get together (hotel check-out until 11:00)
12:00 Farewell lunch Please inform us if you want to depart before lunch
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 162 Feedback Workshop
Short oral presentation (max. 3 minutes) by every participant (+ writing a note on question no. 2 for the pin board):
1) How are the seminar topics related to your professional / academic background? 2) How will you use the new inputs/ stimuli/ competences in your home region? 3) What is your general feedback about the seminar? (content as well as organisation)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 163 Feedback Workshop – Results
164 Feedback Workshop – Results
165 Feedback Workshop – Results
166 Final Wrap-up & outlook Upcoming activities of the OpenSpace Alps project . Elaborating outputs of the project: strategic recommendations, open space planning handbook for planning practitioners, transnational (priority) criteria, … . Networking and communication activities: AlpPlan network, #SpatialPlannersforOpenSpaces, event with Interreg Project LUIGI, side event to the EUSALP Annual Forum, … Main events: . AlpPlan network conference 19/-20/10/2021 “Towards sustainable spatial development – transnational lessons on the safeguarding of openspaces and the reduction of land take” in Berchtesgaden (DE) . Final project conference 30/-31/05/2022 in Bozen/Bolzano (IT)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 167 AlpPlan alpine spatial planning network Maximiliane Seitz (Academy for Territorial Development in the Leibniz Association)
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 168 The cooperation partners (network organizers)
ARL OpenSpaceAlps (Sustainable development of A non-universitary and independent institution alpine open spaces by enhancing spatial planning under public law, providing services for research, governance) politics and planning practice approved on the fourth INTERREG V B tender of A transdisciplinary network of planning the Alpine Space Programme professionals (cooperation between research and practice) Total budget: 980.740 EUR Dealing with all aspects of spatial development and Duration: 01/10/2019 - 30/06/2022 planning Main outputs: Joint working in: Planning handbook for alpine open spaces (Ad-hoc) Working groups Alps-wide visualisation and planning tool Regional working groups (i.e. Bavaria, Baden- Württemberg…) Transnational network of spatial and sectoral International working groups planning experts („AlpPlan network“) European working groups (e.g. AlpPlan Strategic recommendations at national and network) transnational level
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 169 Objectives/ principles of the AlpPlan network
. Establishing a network of spatial and sectoral planning practitioners and researchers, covering all alpine countries . Enabling: transnational exchange of experiences; development of statements (targeting politics and administration); development of scientific contributions . Organizing thematic workshops and conferences . Close cooperation with existing transnational cooperation platforms (such as e.g. AlpConv WGs or EUSALP AGs)
. ARL covers costs for travel expenses, accommodation, workshops . Members of the network work on an honorary basis . ARL headquarters (Hannover, Germany) supports the network
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 170 Previous/ upcoming activities
Previous activities: . 29th October 2020: Virtual kick-off-meeting . since January 2021: AlpPlan network newsletter & website (hosted by OpenSpaceAlps) . 18th May 2021: strategic online workshop (preparation of the conference in October 2021)
Upcoming activities: . 19th – 20th October 2021: international conference on reducing land take and safeguarding open spaces in Berchtesgaden (DE) . …
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 171 How to get involved
. participate in AlpPlan network events (online registration for the international conference in October 2021 will start soon) . subscribe to AlpPlan network newsletter: https://www.alpine- space.eu/projects/openspacealps/en/pilot-cases-and-participatory-activities/alpplan- network/alpplan_newsletter . get in touch with the ARL office in order to become an active member of the network (e-mail to [email protected])
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 172 Thank you for your attention! Danke für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Hvala za pozornost! Merci pour votre attention! Grazie per l’attenzione!
AlpPlan network website: https://www.alpine-space.eu/projects/openspacealps/en/pilot-cases-and- participatory-activities/alpplan-network/about_alpplan
Contact information: Maximiliane Seitz (ARL): [email protected] Constantin Meyer (OpenSpaceAlps): [email protected]
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 173 We would be very pleased to… . …keep you informed about our project . …welcome you as young members of the AlpPlan network . …invite you to our final conference 2022
After the seminar you will receive an e-mail asking for the ongoing storage of your contact information
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 174 Thank you for your participation! Photo: Arthur Schindelegger
OpenSpaceAlps capacity building seminar 22/ - 25/07/2021 175