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The Azusa Street REVIVAL The Azusa Street REVIVAL The Azusa Street REVIVAL WHEN THE FIRE FELL ROBERTS LIARDON © Copyright 2006 – Roberts Liardon All rights reserved. This book is protected by the copyright laws of the United States of America. This book may not be copied or reprinted for commercial gain or profit. The use of short quotations or occasional page copying for personal or group study is permitted and encouraged. Permission will be granted upon request. Unless otherwise identified, Scripture quotations are from the New International Version of the Bible. Please note that Destiny Image’s publishing style capitalizes certain pronouns in Scripture that refer to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, and may differ from some publishers’ styles. Take note that the name satan and related names are not capitalized. We choose not to acknowledge him, even to the point of violating grammatical rules. Destiny Image® Publishers, Inc. P.O. Box 310 Shippensburg, PA 17257-0310 “Speaking to the Purposes of God for this Generation and for the Generations to Come.” For Worldwide Distribution, Printed in the U.S.A. ISBN 10: 0-7684-2366-X ISBN 13: 978-0-7684-2366-2 This book and all other Destiny Image, Revival Press, MercyPlace, Fresh Bread, Destiny Image Fiction, and Treasure House books are available at Christian bookstores and distributors worldwide. For a U.S. bookstore nearest you, call 1-800-722-6774. For more information on foreign distributors, call 717-532-3040. Or reach us on the Internet: www.destinyimage.com 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 / 09 08 07 06 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 7 INTRODUCTION . 9 CHAPTER ONE: Roots of Revival. 15 Topics: Expressions of Pentecostal Fire Through the Ages Leading Up to the 20th Century. The Early Church. Constantine. Monasticism. Mystics. Reformation. Anabaptists. Moravians. Methodists. CHAPTER TWO: The Awakening . 35 Topics: Great Awakening. Cane Ridge Revival. Irvingites. Phoebe Palmer. Holiness Movement. John Alexander Dowie. Maria Woodworth Etter. Shearer Schoolhouse Revival. Charles Mason. Welsh Revival. CHAPTER THREE: Charles Parham—The Father of Pentecost. 63 Topics: Perils of Youth. Spiritual Experiences. Ordination as Methodist. Marriage. Topeka. January Outpouring. Stone’s Folly. The Fire Spreads. Houston. Seymour. Zion City. Sad Ending. CHAPTER FOUR: William Seymour—The Catalyst of Pentecost. 87 Topics: Beginnings. Bartleman. Tongues and Manifestations. Parham and Seymour. Integration. Fire Spreads. Controversy. CHAPTER FIVE: William Seymour’s Sermons . 109 Excerpts From The Apostolic Faith Newspaper. CHAPTER SIX: Azusa Street Testimonies . 131 Lives Changed by the Revival at Azusa Street. CHAPTER SEVEN: Women of Azusa . 151 Biographical Sketches: Lucy Farrow. Jenny Seymour. Emma Cotton. Florence Crawford. Lucy Leatherman. Anna Hall. Julia Hutchins. Clara Lum. CHAPTER EIGHT: The Inside Story of the Azusa Street Outpouring . 181 Testimonial Written by Emma Cotton. CHAPTER NINE: Oppositions, Divisions, and Controversies . 187 Topics: Race. Trinity. Tongues. Theological Disagreements. CHAPTER TEN: Beyond the Wave of Revival. 197 Topics: Expansion of the Revival. Aimee Semple McPherson. Latter Rain. Healing Evangelists. Charismatic Movement. Third Reformation. CHAPTER ELEVEN: Speaking in Tongues—God’s Gift to You . 219 APPENDIX I: Doctrines and Teachings of the Apostolic Faith Mission . 229 From The Apostolic Faith Newspaper ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks: To Don Milam for assisting me with the research and writing of this project. To Glenn Gohr and all the good folk at the Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center for the use of photos from their archive. For more information on Pentecostal history, I suggest you visit their Website at: www.agheritage.org 7 INTRODUCTION IVEN all the demands that press in upon us as we deal with the Gstress of the present moment and living in angst about what is to come, it is easy to become disconnected from our past. Why even both- er with what has been? Yet, as someone has said, if we don’t learn from the past, we are doomed to repeat the past. That is the negative side of why we should study the history of the Church. The positive side is that there is much in the past that will inspire, breathe into us hope, and create fresh motivation for our own historical journey. History is the harbor of our heritage and the fountainhead of our families. History helps us understand our past so that we can better under- stand who we are. History provides inspiration for the present and hope for the future. The lives of those in the past, along with their courage and their discoveries, give us renewed focus for our own lives. Studying the stories of individuals and situations in the past allows us to test our own moral sense, to hone it against some of the real complexities indi- viduals have faced in difficult settings. The people who have weathered adversity in real-life circumstances provide inspiration. History gives you back your past. In the same way that individuals need memory to shape identity and plan for the future, communities need history to give dimension and meaning to the present. On the other hand, without an understanding of the past, the present doesn’t make much sense. 9 THE AZUSA STREET REVIVAL The study of history gives us a sense of God’s purposes in the affairs of men. What He has done for others, He will do for us. He visited peo- ple in the past with His presence and power, which gives us hope that He will let His fire fall upon us as well. The modern Pentecostal movement began in April 1906 in an insignificant little building in Los Angeles at 312 Azusa Street. As we will look at later in this book, there were many other events of spiritual activity that led up to the inauguration of present-day Pentecostalism; but without a doubt, Azusa Street was the watershed moment that led to a tidal wave of revival fervor spreading from Los Angeles to every part of the world. In the face of external opposition and ridicule, internal bickering and theological differences, the Azusa Street revival marked the begin- ning of the renewal of the Spirit. The fires of revival at Azusa Street would eventually spread over the next 100 years and into the third wave of Christianity. Starting with the time of Constantine, the Roman Catholic Church became the first wave. Next, when Martin Luther nailed his 95 theses on the door at Wittenburg, the Protestant reforma- tion began and developed as the second wave. Then, at 312 Azusa Street, with an unlikely group of spiritually hungry saints, the begin- nings of a tsunami of spiritual power and passion flooded every coun- try of the world. Pentecostalism became the third wave, and it continues to impact nations worldwide. A Pentecostal preacher summed up the history of Pentecostalism by saying, “The Lord took the Baptist water and the Methodist fire and made the Pentecostal steam.” Every revival eventually reaches a certain apex at which time sud- denly and dramatically the world is drawn to that place and the course of history is shifted. The progression of truth moved people forward, and as new truth was being revealed, God’s people were being directed into new places of spiritual reality. But no great historical event is birthed in a vacuum, isolated by itself. There have always been certain events, people, and circumstances 10 Introduction that prepare the way for the final manifestation that catches the atten- tion of the entire world. This book not only explores the momentous events surrounding the Azusa Street Revival but also examines the events that led up to that memorable event. WHO ARE THE PENTECOSTALS? Experience, rather than doctrine, has often been noted as the prin- cipal reality and heart of Pentecostalism. Although the Pentecostals are conservative in their theology, they are passionate in their spiritual experiences. The emphasis on the Holy Spirit is essential to Pentecostal reality, and almost all Pentecostal denominations believe that the “ini- tial evidence” of Spirit baptism is the manifestation of glossolalia or what is commonly referred to as “speaking in tongues.” Life within the Pentecostal churches is enhanced by manifestations of the gifts of the Spirit, dynamic worship, and evangelistic fervor. Pentecostal worship is characterized by praying in tongues, proph- esying, healings, hand-clapping, and dynamic preaching, which are all enjoyed with great zeal and fervency. This worship style divides Pentecostals from other mainline Christian denominations. Pentecostals believe in a separate experience known as the baptism of the Spirit. This experience is evidenced by speaking in tongues and a renewed experience of spiritual power in their life. With the coming of the Spirit, God also has given them access to the other gifts of the Spirit: the ability to prophesy, divine healing, words of wisdom, words of knowledge, the discernment of spirits, etc. But the Pentecostal beliefs are more than spiritual experiences and ecstatic forms of worship. Pentecostals have always stressed evangelism and regarded it as the primary task of all Christians—not of just a few key church members. They encouraged lay leadership long before it became fashionable in the historic churches. From the very beginning, with Charles Parham to the days at Azusa, there has been a fiery emphasis on reaching the world with the message of the Gospel. From 11 THE AZUSA STREET REVIVAL the onset, the Pentecostal gospel has included personal salvation, Holy Spirit baptism, healing, and deliverance. Their strong belief in the supernatural has been a powerful factor in their evangelism success and stands them in stark contrast to the rationalistic flow of the secular culture. The early Pentecostals and those today believe that the Pentecostal experience empowers them to overcome and enjoy spiritual victory. They were and are fervent in their belief that the baptism in the Spirit is for victory over sin and power over all the forces of darkness.
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