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FOREST AND STREAM, [May $, 1892,

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Would There be More Fun in the Field in a Day? charr, proposed to call it the Dolly Varden . This —One revolution of the earth on its axis is called a day. J^a atfrf fishing. name coming to the ears of Professor Baird, then United A day is divided into twenty-four parts called hours. States Fish Commissioner, pleased his fancy, and he Each hour is divided into sixty minutes, and each minute directed me, who then had the classification of the trout, is divided into sixty seconds. The day is again divided The full texts of the laws of all the States, in the Smithsonian Institution in hand, to continue for this into two equal parts of twelve hours each. This division Territories and British Provinces are given in the BooTt of species the common name of Dolly Varden trout, is arbitrary and productive of no little confusion. It is and so, in the books at least, Dolly Varden trout it is to tlie Game Laws. two days in one day. Various attempts have been made this day." to remedy this defect, but none have succeeded. The Trout Near New York. There are five species of salmon on the west coast, railroads sought to abolish the two tables and make one namely, the quinnat or king, the blue-back or red, the We have secured, for the private information of the readers of of twenty-four hours, regulating all time and time silver, the dog and the humpback. The first averages Fobest and Strram, knowledge of a number of streams and machinery accordingly; but for some reason nothing has 221bs. in weight, and reaches lOOibs. The red fish usually lakes easily accessible from this city, where we believe that good come of it. Perhaps its effect on all chronometers pre- weighs from 5 to Slbs. ; the silver salmon 3 to 81bs. ; the fishing for trout and black bass may be had. The information, vented its introduction. An innovation that would in- dog salmon averages about 131bs., and the humpback munh of which comes from private sources, we are not at liberty validate all the timepieces of the world would not readily (the smallest) weighs but from 3 to 61bs. The king and to print, but we shall be glad to furnish it without charge to any be submitted to. A remedy is near at hand, and perhaps blue-back salmon run in the spring, the others in the reader of Forest and Stream who will apply for it, either per- from its very simplicity has been overlooked . Double the fall. An account of the habits of the fish when in the length of the hour, minute and second, and regulate all sonally or by letter. rivers is given, and the food, spawning and changes in time machinery down to one-half its present velocity. form and color. The great destruction of salmon in the That would meet all difficulties now existing, and increase PACIFIC SALMON AND TROUT.* Columbia River and decrease in the fisheries all along the the value of all chronometers. They would run slower, coast are mentioned. HIGHLY interesting, popular account of the salmon last longer and do better service, and A. M. and P. M. A "Of the American trout," says the Doctor, "the one and trout of the Pacific Coast of the United States, would retire.—Levi S. Klagle (Vinton, la,). which most closely approaches the European fario from the pen of Dr. D. S. Jordan, has been issued as Bul- is the of , Salmo irideus,' as, it letin No. 4 by the Board-of Fish Commissioners of Cali- was named some forty years ago by Dr. W. P. Gibbons, Ducks in Fishing Nets, Erie, Pa.—Unluckily, though fornia. This article condenses into 15 octavo vast — pages a of Alameda." No specimens of this trout have been ob- the Pennsylvania game laws protect the ducks along our deal of information of value to anglers and students tained east of the Cascade Range or of the Sierra Nevada. shore of Lake Erie from gunners in the spring, they do generally. It ranges in size from six inches in length to six pounds not keep them out of the gill-nets of the fishermen. Dr. Jordan says: "Of all the families of fishes, the one in weight. Nearly every tug and smack coming in from the nets of most interesting from almost every point of is that view "Another California trout is the so-called steel-head, late have had a goodly number of plump bluebills and of the Salmonidie, the salmon family. It is not one of the more usually known in California as salmon trout, a fish other ducks aboard. The fishermen are not pleased at largest families, comprising less than a hundred species, sufficiently like the salmon trout of Europe, but the name these catches as might be at first expec ted that they but in beauty, activity, gaminess, quality as food, — and steel-head seems to me preferable, because it is given to would be the damage the ducks do to the delicate nets even in size of individuals, different members of the — no other fish." The name is suggested by the color of its is so great. As I have written before, the price the stand easily the first fishes, group with among head and hardness of the skull bones; usual weight in drowned birds bring does not recompense the fishermen Sahnonida> are found in the north temperate and Arctic Columbia River 131bs., maximum 25lbs. (We have seen for the damage they do. Bluebills from the nets are regions, are everywhere almost equally and abundant 321b. fish). The Doctor compares the steel-head and rain- offered on our street market at 15 cents each, and do not wherever suitable waters occur. bow, and finds few and minor differences. "It is not at find purchasers. And when large numbers have been "All Salmonidie feed fish ; the upon the smaller ones all unlikely that the steel-head is simply a rainbow trout shipped East to commission houses, they have almost in- upon worms, insects and small fish; the larger forms on which has descended into the sea and which has grown variably been thrown back the senders' hands. Mal- on fishes and Crustacea—whatever they they can find. larger and coarser, and acquired Rome what different lard. "Naturalists divide Sahnonida into nine genera: Core- form and habits on account of its food and its surround- gonus, the whitefish; Pleeoglossus, Ja little annual fish ings." Our Wild Goat Picture.—The author of the wild which is found in the waters of Japan, born in the spring, Next is the cut-throat trout, Salmo mykiss. "It is the hunting relation (issue of April writes of the illus- rivers in the summer, and dies in follow- goat 7) runs up the the most widely-distributed of all our (west coast) trout, being tration: "Mr. Seward is to be congratulated on his suc- winter, only the young surviving; Brachymystax, ing a found throughout Alaska, Kamtschatka, in all the cess of his photograph. I had good opportunity to observe large and scarcely known salmon-like fish in the waters streams of Washington and Oregon, in the northwestern the goats lying down, feeding and moving about undis- of Siberia: Stenodus, the inconnu, a large, weak-toothed part of California; throughout the rivers of the great turbed; and that the picture is true life, and found in the Mackenzie River; ean say to salmon Thymallus, the basin of Utah, in all the streams on both sides of the the perfect. in grayling: the or surroundings are We have four persons Hucho, Huchen, Rothfisch of the River Rocky Mountains until we come to the desert lands, this place who have hunted the wild goat; and they all Danube, a large, voracious, pike-like salmon, which where the washes of sand make the streams uninhabit- in picture. to little either to naturalists unite praise of the My brother, who hunted seems he known or to able to any trout, and thence extending its range south- the wild goat near Mt. Baker, Wash., had a fine oppor- anglers; , the Pacific coast salmon, or ward in the mountains as far as the springs in Chihuahua, tunity to observe some old bucks sitting upon their quinnats; Salmo, the salmon and trout; and , the southernmost point reached by any trout in any red-spotted trout. these haunches, a habit they frequently indulge in when dis- the charr, or Of the various country." The name cut-throat alludes to the crimson turbed unusual in sight. If I this fishes as salmon and trout by anything go West commonly known belong to blotch around the throat. [A better name is red throat], fall, last genera." Dr. then gives shall try to get my camera up in the range and the three Jordan the source It reaches a weight of 25ib3. or more. The largest secure some pictures from life. —E. H." of tbe common names. known specimens occurring in Lake Tahoe and in the Salmo, from salio, to leap. Fario (Forelle of the Ger- salt water of . man), trout of Izaak Walton and all English writers. The Lard as a Concentrator.—"The next time you load The next and last fish is the Dolly Varden. "The finest Latin word Triitta, from which the name trout is any shells," a friend told me, "put about a spoonful of of the trout-like fishes on the Pacific coast, and scarcely derived, was applied to the sea or salmon trout, Salmo melted lard on the shot. The lard will run down through different from the Eastern , the slight differ- trutta. The Doctor remarks that there are in England, the shot and harden, making a regular slug." Two days ence being, on the whole, to his advantage. It is rather whence our names have come, "three species of black- in later I set out with several shells loaded with slugs made plumper body than the brook treut of the coast. The spotted silvery fishes of this family: (1) The salmon, of No. 6 shot and lard. A crow sat on a big dead pine red spots are on the back as well as on the sides, and the largest of all and anadromous; (2) The trout, living in seventy-three good paces away. I shot at him and he back and upper fins do not show the dark green marblings the brooks and the lakes only; (8) The salmon trout, died. Seventeen shots had pierced his side and head. which are characteristic of Salvelinus fontinalis. In which stands between the two. All three belong to the average food, in body and in gamineas, the Dolly Varden, or Shots at a paper 10xi2in., at 80yds., showed an genus Salmo, and the only difference of any importance Salvelinus malma (this, too, a Russian name, first given it of twenty-three shot in them.—Ray Spears. far between the salmon and the trout, so as structure by Steller), is not inferior to its Eastern cousin. goes, lies in the fact that the salmon sheds the teeth on '"Everywhere on the Pacific coast, in the clear streams Linn..-ea.n Society of New York.—Regular meetings its vomer, that is the middle part of the roof of its of the Cascade and Sierra Nevadas, and even the Coast of the society will be held at 8 P. M. at the American mouth, as it grows older, while in the trout these teeth Range of mountains, some species of trout abounds. This Museum of Natural History, Eighth avenue and Seventy- are preserved throughout the fife of the . Living region should be the paradise of anglers." seventy street, on May 4 and 18. May 4. —Remarks by in salt water and feeding on large fishes and Crustacea, Mr. F.'M. Chapman on a recent trip to Cuba. May 18, the salmon is the more vigorous, with coarser and more Remarks by Dr. C. S. Allen on a recent trip to Florida. oily flesh, but this difference becomes of small import- A TRIP TO SABATT1S. Reports by the members on the spring migration. ance as a matter of distinguishing species." Then the MONUMENT situated in the town of Wales, Me,, Arthur H. Howell. Sec'y, 212 Madison street, Brooklyn, chair of England is mentioned, known as saibling in A will perpetuate the name of the old Germany and ombre chevalier in France. The generic Indian, Sabat- tis, in the memory of Maine during all time to come. name is Salvelinus (the same including our brook trout), Near Sabbatis Pond stands this monument Sabattis The Natives of Tierra del Fuego catch seals with and is a sort of diminutive of Salmo, meaning a little — Mountain. It commemorates the name of the once a decoy of seal-skin stuffed with grass, which they draw salmon. The name ombre is given in allusion to its dark famous and widely-known chief. It is a beautiful through the water by a thong, imita ting at the same time colors and love of shady places in the lakes and brooks. struc- ture and decorated in nature's loveliest fashion. to great perfection the bellow of the animal. Birds they "Armed with these names of salmoD, trout, salmon For all we know, like the Pyramids, it may be full of catch at night by torch-light, letting themselves down the trout and charr, our ancestors came to America." The chambers, fish in where repose unknown treasures or the valueless remains cliffs by ropes of leather, and they take nets made name charr was little known, and has probably never of ancient dead. We do know that an entrance to the of sinews of the guanaco. Scottisli, Geographical Maga- been in common language applied to any American fish. pyramid of Sabbattis exists, but no one has zine. "In the fresh waters of New England and New York, in as yet had courage to explore this ancient structure, built long be- all the clear streams throughout tbe Allegheny region fore the name Sabattis was given it. It was our Michigan Snipe. — East Saginaw.—A good many snipe and in the lakes of Canada and the Northwest, our fore- purpose to explore the cave of Sabattis Mountain and to have been shot around Saginaw this spring, but as I do fathers found a red-spotted, fine-scaled, dark-colored, get some shooting and fishing in its vicinity, when over not believe in spring shooting I have not been out. —M. speckled beauty. Finding no real trout with black spots a decade ago the writer visited the locality." and large scales in the rivers, and having forgotten the Sabattis Pond years ago afforded unsurpassed fishing name of 'charr,' they gave to this fish the name of trout, Tbe New York Game Bill — Albany, May 2. and hunting to the sportsmen of the neighboring city or speckled trout, or brook trout, and in spite of the fact and [Special to Forest and Stream.']—Governor Flower has towns. Pickerel were abundant and large; ducks, snipe that in reality it is not a trout, but a charr, the name of not yet signed the game code.—M. and yellowlegs were plentiful. The lake was near the brook trout is likely to adhere forever to the Salvelinus low-tide of its glory when we sought to wage warfare on fontinalis. nature's children there. Only the last remnants of the Notes of The Season. "Real trout there are none on our Atlantic coast, and tribes that inhabited the waters or the neighboring foreBt It is to hoped that the man who draws a loaded gun toward salmon trout is likewise wanting, but the name salmon be remained. As the Indians had disappeared slowly from him muzzle first will shoot no one but himself. Any way he has trout is often given to the brook trout, or charr,' which the banks long ago, leaving only the name of a chief to business with a loaded gun at this season. has run out into the sea." This name is applied also, and no indicate their former abode there, so the pickerel were more generally to the (Salvelinus namaycush). gradually being exterminated in their turn, as had the is the time when the old adage is reversed, and a bird in "In the lakes of Greenland and the eastern part of Now trout before them. Enough could be caught to induce is two in the hand, and two ppared British America, tbe European charr (S. alpinus), is as the bush or marsh worth the Sunday sportsman to come from Lewiston, and in hand in the fall. wahsoose. abundant as it is in Europe—a fact which has been only now may prove a dozen the A enough snipe and plover, with an occasional duck, suf- lately made manifest, and even yet there is some ques- ficed to excite the huntsman's ardor, and in the woods of tion whether some of these which are found in the lakes the mountains gray squirrels still ahounded. The pond, Map of the United States. in New Hampshire have not, some time or other, been it is said, was once stocked with black bass, but they have States, mounted suit- brought over and planted there from Europe." To the A large, handsome map of the United and given no sign of existence there. able for office or home use, is issued by the Burlington Route. Pacific coast were taken the names used in the East, and We found our guide, old friend of our boyhood, who, Copies will be mailed to any address on receipt of twelve cents in besides the salmon the settlers found an abundance of postage by P. S. Etjstis, General Pass. Agent, C, B, & Q. R. K., provided with a lantern and geological hammer, con- what they called trout. Black-ppotted, and in every way Chicago, 111.—Adv. ducted us to the entrance of the dread abode. The space closely resembling the trout of Europe, wholly unlike the The Tent You Want.—If you need a new tent for your camp- was too low to allow a person to enter otherwise than by pay to investigate the charr or trout of the Eastern States. ing trip this summer, it will you "Protean wriggling flat on his stomach. We wormed our way up Tent," elsewhere advertised in these columns. It is far better The derivation of the name Dolly Varden trout is given a slight incline into quite a spacious gallery. How far it lor the purpose than any other tent, and will add much to the as follows: "In Oregon the red-spotted trout, or charr, is pleasttre and comfort of your outing.—Adv. extended we did not learn. The somber walls and roof distinguished by the name of . In California it About Indians.—The Fobest and Stbeam will mail glittered with precious goms, which at the touch of A Book had, for a long time, no distinctive name. A landlady free on application a descriptive circular of Mr. Grinnell's book, human hands turned to drops of water. We found no Hero Stories and Folk-tales," giving a table of contec ts in some hotel in the neighborhoyd of the IT. S. Fish "Pawnee treasures near the entrance, so proceeding a short dis- and specimen iUnstratlons from the volume.—^ dv. Hatchery at Baird, on the McCloud River, at the time of tance further we tried to peer through Stygian darkness the Dolly Varden craze, noticing the gaudy colors of this ahead. My guide was positive he could see two green A certain well-known angler was playing an active salmon. eyes staring at him and insisted upon a departure, which sir, land him, or he'll break your lines," shouted "Land him, * Salmon and Trout of the Pacific Coast. By Dr. David Starr soon after we concluded to make, as our light flickered the guide. '"Can't do it, can't do it," returned the fisher- President of the Leland Stanford, Junior, University, Jordan, and went out. We scratched a match, which, too, was man composedly. " 'Wells's Manual' says I must run him Sacramento, State Office. A, J. Jonston, Supt. State Printing. ' immediately extinguished. We then threw some stonea at least ten minutes, ' And he lost his fish.—Boston Joumal. 1892. .