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La Hiperdiversificación De Physeteroidea (Cetacea: Mammalia

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La Hiperdiversificación De Physeteroidea (Cetacea: Mammalia Revista peruana de biología 27(2): 261 - 266 (2020) La hiperdiversificación de Physeteroidea (Cetacea: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v27i2.16507 Mammalia) del Mioceno tardío en el Pacifico Sur, ISSN-L 1561-0837; eISSN: 1727-9933 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos nuevos fósiles del área de Sacaco, Arequipa, Perú Nota científica Physeteroidea (Cetacea: Mammalia) hyper-diversification Presentado: 02/08/2019 from late Miocene of South Pacific, new fossils from the Aceptado: 10/04/2020 Publicado online: 25/05/2020 Sacaco area, Arequipa, Peru Editor: Resumen Los cachalotes (Physeteroidea) son un grupo de cetáceos con una ecología restrin- gida en la actualidad. Las tres especies actuales son el remanente de un grupo que alcanzó su máxima diversificacion durante el Mioceno, incluyendo cinco especies Autores simpátricas descritas en la Formación Pisco, Ica-Arequipa, Perú. Entre estas se Aldo Benites-Palomino* 1,2 incluyen formas piscívoras, bénticas, así como carnívoros de tamaño medio e hiper- [email protected] carnívoros. Se reportan dos dientes aislados provenientes del Mioceno superior de https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-6322 las localidades de Sacaco y Sacaco sur, que corresponden con la morfología típica Mario Urbina 1 de Physeteridae. Esta morfología dentaria es similar a la de taxones presentes en el [email protected] hemisferio norte como Orycterocetus o Aulophyseter del Mioceno medio. Debido https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-9051 a esto se presume que los restos corresponderían a physetéridos con hábitos pis- Correspondencia cívoros, que quizás poseyeron un desarrollo incipiente de la capacidad de succión. *Corresponding author La presencia de este linaje indicaría que a fines del Mioceno los parientes de los 1 Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo modernos Physeter y Kogia compartieron el mar peruano con formas extintas, sin de Historia Natural, Departamento de Paleontología solapamiento de nichos debido a la morfología altamente derivada de cada grupo. de Vertebrados, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Perú Este nuevo registro expande la comunidad de cetáceos fósiles de Sacaco, que se vio 2 Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, favorecida por la gran diversidad de ambientes poco profundos que dominaron el Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, An- litoral peruano hasta el establecimiento final del Sistema Humboldt. con 0843-03092, Panama. Abstract Sperm whales (Physeteroidea) are a group of cetaceans with a restricted modern ecology. The three extant species are a remnant of a group that reached its diver- sity peak during the Miocene, including five already-described species from the Pisco Formation, Ica-Arequipa, Peru. We report two isolated teeth from the upper Citación Miocene localities of Sacaco and Sud-Sacaco, which correspond with the typical morphology of Physeteridae. This morphology is similar to the one present in Benites-Palomino A, Urbina M. 2020. La hiperdiver- northern hemisphere taxa as Orycterocetus or Aulophyseter. Because of this the sificación de Physeteroidea (Cetacea: Mam- malia) del Mioceno tardío en el Pacifico Sur, remains could be related to physeterids with piscivorous habits, so there would not nuevos fósiles del área de Sacaco, Arequi- be a niche overlap with other coeval sperm whales. This new registry expands the pa, Perú. Revista peruana de biología 27(2): fossil cetacean community of Sacaco, which was favored by the great diversity of 261 - 266 (Mayo 2020). doi: http://dx.doi. shallow environments that dominated the Peruvian coast until the final establish- org/10.15381/rpb.v27i2.16507 ment of the Humboldt System. Palabras clave: Physeteridae; cetáceos; odontocetos; fósiles; Formación Pisco. Keywords: Physeteridae; cetaceans; odontocetes; fossils; Pisco Formation. _______________________________________________________________ Journal home page: http://revistasinvestigacion.unmsm.edu.pe/index.php/rpb/index © Los autores. Este artículo es publicado por la Revista Peruana de Biología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Este es un artículo de acceso abierto, distribuido bajo los términos de la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial- CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/), que permite el uso no comercial, distribución y repro- ducción en cualquier medio, siempre que la obra original sea debidamente citada. Para uso comercial póngase en contacto con:revistaperuana. [email protected]. 261 Benites-Palomino & Urbina Introducción La Formación Pisco es una unidad geológica que se Los cachalotes (Physeteroidea) son un grupo de cetá- extiende por más de 300 km entre Ica y el norte de Are- - quipa (Fig. 1), con zonas que corresponden a transgre- tualidad por tres especies, agrupadas en dos clados: Phy- siones marinas de hasta 100 km tierra adentro (DeVries seteridaeceos altamente con el autapomórficoscachalote Physeter representados macrocephalus en comola ac 1988). Los sedimentos de dicha formación oscilan entre único representante y Kogiidae, incluyendo al cachalote los 13 y 4 millones de años (Fig. 1 A; DeVries 1998). De- enano Kogia breviceps y el cachalote pigmeo K. sima. Es- bido a la gran cantidad de fósiles conservados y buena tos animales se diferencian del resto de cetáceos denta- preservación es considerada uno de los yacimientos fo- dos debido a la presencia de una cuenca supracraneal silíferos cenozoicos mas importantes del planeta (Espe- excavada en la región dorsal del cráneo y una fuerte asi- - metría de las narinas óseas externas, ambas condiciones tos se han encontrado una gran cantidad de vertebrados - erante invertebrados et al. 2008). que A loincluyen: largo de cetáceos sus diversos (Lambert afloramien & Mui- berger et al. 2016). Los modernos cachalotes son el ulti- zon 2013), pinnípedos (Muizon & DeVries 1985), tibu- moderivadas remanente de la de hipertrofia un grupo delque complejo se origino nasal en algún (Huggen pun- rones (Ehret et al. 2012), aves marinas (Stucchi 2007), to del Oligoceno temprano (Mchedlidze 1970) y alcanzó cocodrilos (Kraus 1998), peces (Collareta et al. 2015), su máxima diversidad durante el Mioceno medio-tardío perezosos nadadores (Muizon et al. 2004) y moluscos (DeVries 1998). grupo es atribuida a las condiciones marinas estables que(Fordyce se mantuvieron & Muizon 2001). a lo largo Esta del hiperdiversificación Optimo Climático del Mioceno los cachalotes divergieron en tres grandes lina- Mioceno medio-tardío (Marx & Uhen 2010), el cual bene- Los análisis filogenéticos. 2020), que coexistieronsugieren que hasta durante inicios el del Plioceno. La mayoría de las especies de la Fm. Pisco al. 2016). Restos fósiles de cachalotes han sido hallados a jes (Paolucci et al - ficio no solo a este grupo, sino a otros cetáceos (Marx et lo largo de todo el mundo por más de 200 años; sin em- croraptoriales” (e.g. Livyatan melvillei, Acrophyseter dei- bargo, el registro fósil se ha limitado a dientes aislados o nodon,pertenecen A. robustus al grupo) caracterizados parafilético de por los poseer“cachalotes una granma fragmentos craneales que no poseen caracteres diagnós- fosa temporal además de dientes funcionales con esmal- ticos. Esta situación se ha revertido durante los últimos te en la mandíbula y el maxilar (Lambert et al. 2017). El 30 años con la descripción de varias especies en base a segundo grupo presente son los Kogiidae, que incluyen restos bien conservados, incluyendo seis especies de la a Scaphokogia cochlearis y Koristocetus pescei; recono- Formación Pisco (Ica-Arequipa, Perú): Livyatan melvillei (Lambert et al. 2010), Acrophyseter deinodon Lambert una cresta facial sagital en la región dorsal del cráneo y et al. 2008, Acrophyseter robustus Lambert et al. 2017, sucidos tamaño por la reducido reducción (Velez-Juarbe del complejo et nasal, al. 2015, presencia Collareta de Koristocetus pescei Collareta et al. 2017, Scaphokogia - cochlearis Muizon 1988 y Scaphokogia totajpe Benites- tualidad no existen registros fósiles en el Perú del tercer Palomino et al. 2020. grupoet al. 2017, de cachalotes: Benites-Palomino los Physeteridae. et al. 2020). Hasta la ac 0 MA Pleistoceno Tardio 76° 75° Plioceno N 5 MA Temprano Neógeno Tardio co 10 MA M Pisco io c eno Medio 15 MA 14° Ica 20 MA Temprano F catay O 25 MA ligo Tardio Nazca 30 MA P c eno aleógeno Temprano 15° 35 MA Tardio Yumaque Océano Pacífico Sacaco 40 MA E o ros Lomas c Leyenda Yauca eno Carretera Panamericana Medio Sacaco sur 45 MA Formación Pisco 50 km Chala Cuenca Pisco 50 MA Figura 1. La Cuenca Pisco. Geología de las formaciones geológicas presentes en la Cuenca Pisco (izquierda) mo- dificado de DeVries 1998. Mapa mostrando la extensión de la Formación Pisco dentro de la cuenca del mismo nombre, las estrellas indican las localidades del presente estudio (derecha). 262 Rev. peru. biol. 27(2): 262 - 053 (Mayo 2020) La hiperdiversificación de Physeteroidea, nuevos fósiles del área de Sacaco El registro fósil de Physeteridae es escaso y se encuen- tra predominantemente restringido al hemisferio norte; compresión lateromedial y raíz abierta. Dientes con ca- debido a esto, la composición de esta familia ha variado a ligera curvatura medial, pérdida de esmalte, una ligeraOryc- - terocetus del Atlántico norte (Kellogg 1965, Bianucci et be et al. 2015, Lambert et al. 2017, Paolucci et al. 2020). alracterísticas. 2004) o a similares Aulophyseter han sidode California asociados (Kellogg al género 1927); Estoslo largo animales de los últimos se
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