"Megacity on a Human Scale“, Urban Forum, December 4–5 2012 Moscow: Looking to the Future - Mobility

Pierre LACONTE President, Foundation for the Urban Environment, Past-president, International Society of City and Regional Planners. Competitive distance of the high speed train: 900 km

High speed rail as planned today. Parallel HSR track is under construction. SHEREMETYEVO

Leningradsky high speed rail Kursky today station connections

high speed line (speed up to 300km/h)

airport express

Leningradsky and Kursky station VNUKOVO

airport express station linked to M5

metro 5 ring

DOMODODEVO High speed rail tomorrow.

Competitive distance of the high speed train: 900 km Moscow will be then strategically connected with Europe (Helsinki in the north, Berlin in the west). It also will serve the main regional capitals close to Moscow (Proposal by Secchi-Vigano). high speed rail tomorrow – links with urban rail. SHEREMETYEVO The line from Berlin merges with the one from Kiev before entering the city, then using the south railway ring to reach the north- south bypass that crosses the city. Two new passing stations could improve the north south/east- Komsomol’skaya Studencheskaya west passage : one station in the south-west (Studencheskaya close to the CBD Moskva City), the second in the center of the city at Komsomolskaya.

(proposal by Secchi- Vigano) VNUKOVO

high speed line (speed up to 300km/h) airport express New High speed station airport express station linked to M5

DOMODODEVO metro 5 ring

Jaroslavl Tver

Dmitrov Sergiev Posad Regional rail Klin exists but is Velikije Luki underused. Lobnja Vladimir Kryukovo Pushkino

Orekhovo- Improvement of Voskhod Kupavna Zuevo existing rails for Golitsyno Korenevo Kurovskoe regional Ramensko Domodode ye passenger Smolensk vo Naro-Fominsk Murom integration Voskresensk Checkhov requires an Zhilevo adaptive reuse of industrial rail and Brjansk railway ring, and Rjazan Tula good frequencies

(proposal Secchi- Mosow mkad Tambov Vigano) Intercity line

Intercity station (one stop every 30 Km) Regional rail in connection with Metro, one of the best in the world. Moscow stations should not SHEREMETYEVO be end-stations. Trains could connect different urban areas without transfers through the city center. New stations could connect the ring stations with the radial metro going out of Moscow. (see hereafter Moscow master plan page 9)

metro 5 ring

old industrial railway ring Reused for passengers regional railway system (one stop every 3 km) new transit station along the new passenger railway ring Highways (planned)

A new highway ring into the city is planned but only 10 out of 70 km have been built (at a cost of 2bn US $ and doubts are voiced about its necessity .

Existing road system with MKAD .

M8

M9 M7

M1 M5

M2

Existing situation Moscow city masterplan How to choose transport investments? What criteria? • 1 Space savings • 2 Health savings • 3 Saving the liveable city If one takes the space Space savings consumption by a pedestrian as the benchmark, the car takes up about 18 times more space than a pedestrian, as it moves, but it requires parking for the time it does not move, i.e. for some 90 % of its life cycle. Space consumption therefore has an area x time dimension. The space consumption generated by traffic on new highways is nearly 100x higher than by rail transport. The UK SACTRA Report (1995) has shown that additional roads generate more additional traffic than their additional capacity. Health savings

The cost of additional healthcare costs entailed by physical inactivity (less than 30’ walking/day) has been estimated by the UK National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention. Saving the liveable city

Mobility at human scale makes Cities more liveable and enjoyable – poster by Friedensreich Hundertwasser for UITP (1995). Moscow City Government

Moscow Transport Hub Strategy

September 2012 Moscow Transport Hub (MTH) is the largest transport hub in

Moscow Moscow region

11.6 7.2 Moscow Population region People, mn

46,000 Area 1,900 (~2,600 Sq. km. with annexed areas) Moscow

31,000 Road length 3,7001 Km

2,700 Railroad length 395 Km

Registered cars 279 293 per 1,000 people Units, 2010

Number of long- Moscow and Moscow region are a single integrated distance transport 506 279 entity in terms of employment, transport stations (railroad and subway) infrastructure, and passenger traffic Stations

1 Without annexed areas

SOURCE: Rosstat, investment programs of the Moscow region "Development of the Transport and Logistics System in the Moscow Region for 2011-2015", "The Roads in the Moscow Region for 2012-2015"; Budget of the Moscow region for 2012; State program of the City of Moscow "Development of the Transport System for 2012-2016" 1 More than 14 million trips by are made within MTH every day

Number of passengers carried in the MTH People, mn, 2011 Daily average, mn In 2011, bn

Subway 6.56,5 2.4

Passenger railroad 1.5 0.5

6.06,0 2.2 Surface transit1

Total 14.0 5.1

1 , trolley-buses and tramways. Volumes of carriage by SUE "Mosgortrans" and commercial carriers in the City of Moscow (estimated) 2 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Almost all types of Moscow transport are heavily overloaded during morning rush hour ESTIMATE

Actual traffic and traffic carrying capacity by type of transport in 2011 1 Subway average load factor (when moving towards the city center, weekdays, 8-9 am ) 2 People/m during rush hour on most critical segments Traffic Exceeding the carrying Actual traffic carrying capacity2 traffic capacity People, thsd. People, thsd. Percent Tokyo 7.0

Cars 95 135 42 Moscow, 2011 5.6 Public transport, total 870 1,060 22

London 5.0 Subway 7003 840 20

Surface transit 454 55 22 New York 4.2

5 Suburban railroad 125 165 32 4.0

Cars and public transport, 965 1,195 24 total 29%

1 With entering the Third Transport Ring; 2 With current route network and time schedule; 3 On the basis of the standard: 4.5 passengers per 1 sq.m of carriage floor area; 4 On the basis of the standard passenger capacity of the relevant transport vehicles; 5 On the basis of the standard : ~1,200 passengers in the suburban electrical train; within current scheduling of the suburban trains SOURCE: Yandex; Mosgortrans; Moscow subway; State Road Traffic Safety Inspection; Center of Traffic Management; field observations; transport strategies of cities; Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development 3 Moscow has set ambitious goals to improve the transport situation and reduce the average trip time during rush hour to 50 minutes by 2025

Sub-targets for all modes of transport Moscow Moscow region1

Decrease car usage Thsd. cars, -20-25 thsd. % of all trips made during morning rush hour -30-35 thsd. 26% 18% 12% 8%

Increase capacity of public transport +360 Thsd. passengers during rush hour 1,230 +90 325 870 235

-13% Reduce travel time by public transport -25% during rush hour 67 50 80 70 Min.

2011 2025 2011 2025 1 Calculated by the Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development of Moscow 2 By all types of transport, including personal automotive transport 4 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development The transport strategy was developed considering the situation in different geographic segments of the city

Passenger traffic Traffic carrying capacity Passenger traffic For detailed analysis, Moscow was divided into the city center from 8:00 into the city center from 8:00 into the city center from 8:00 into 10 geographic segments to 9:00, 2011 to 9:00, 2011 to 9:00, 2025 People, thsd People, thsd People, thsd Expected passenger traffic during rush hour in 2025 was compared with current traffic capacity (by geographic segment)

North-West 96 102 1 3 (Volokol. hwy.) 74 4 2 North-West 69 76 1 2 (Leningr. hwy.) 68 107 119 3 North 5 77 110 122 Overload level of the 9 10 4 North-East 86 transport system is 184 204 extremely high and 5 East 163 uneven by 6 geographic 195 213 8 6 South-East 130 segments 183 202 7 7 South 132 155 167 8 South-West 145 108 125 9 West 94

SOURCE: Moscow subway; Mosgortrans; the sensors of the Center of Traffic Management; Yandex; team analysis 5 The strategy comprises initiatives encouraging the use of public transport

Focus areas Major initiatives ▪ 145 km of new lines, 67 new stations Subway

▪ 226 km of additional main lines Suburban rail

▪ Special lanes for buses and other public transport vehicles Surface transit ▪ Optimization of the route network and management system

▪ Combination tickets for all modes of transport Tariffs and tickets ▪ Expansion of the ticket sales network

▪ Lines of the Light Rail Transport (LRT) and the (BRT) Development of transport infrastructure ▪ Transport interchange hubs and “park and ride” facilities

▪ Legalization of taxi market and clear rules for how it works Taxi ▪ Short-distance traffic

▪ Paid parking in the city center (with special conditions for handicapped Parking people, local residents, and property owners)

▪ Limitations on freight transport traffic Freight logistics ▪ Optimization of logistics-hubs arrangements

▪ Development of the cycling and pedestrian areas, as well as water and Cycling, pedestrians, air and water transport air transport

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) ▪ Intelligent transportation system and traffic flow model ▪ Traffic-flow model

SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development 6 Construction of additional subway lines will reduce the level of overload by 2020

New stations Subway in 2020

2012 by 2020

450 km of lines 306 km of lines (+47%)

252 stations 185 stations (+36%)

88% of all trips during 92% of all trips during rush hour rush hour

6.5 mln passengers daily

SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development 7 Development of suburban rail will lead to increased capacity, frequency and passenger flow

Leningrad 2012 3 direction Plan by 2015 4 Povarovo 2012 2 Savyolovo Plan by 2020+ 4 direction Kryukovo Airport 2012 Sheremetyevskaya by 2020 direction

Moscow 2012 4 532 million passengers 2012 2 Railway 846 million passengers per After 2020 4 Smaller Plan by 2016 5 per year (plan) Ring year (+59%) 2012 3 direction Plan by 2016 4 Gorky 2012 2 direction Average interval: Zheleznodorozhnaya Average interval: Plan by 2014 4 8 minutes Kazan 3 minutes (-62.5%) direction Belorussian direction Odintsovo 2012 4 Solnechnaya Plan by 2016 6 +226 km of additional main 2012 2 Kiyev direction Plan by 2020+ 4 lines

2012 2 2012 3 Plan by 2018 4 Plan by 2016 4

Podolsk Аэропорт Kursk Paveletsk direction direction

Existing lines of suburban railroad 2012 г. X Number of existing railroad lines

Suburban railroad lines planned for Plan by 2018 X Number of additional lines according to commissioning in 2013-2020 stage 1 of the Suburban Railroads according to the Plan by 2020 Development Program by 2020

SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development 8 Passenger traffic on the Moscow Ring Railway will total 285 million passengers per year

2012 by 2020

285 million passengers No passenger traffic per year

Possibility to establish 54 km of lines are not transportation between electrified airports

Full integration with Industrial area that is not subway and suburban developed railroad infrastructure

Connections with suburban rail Connections with subway

9 SOURCE: Research and Design Institute of the General Plan of Moscow; feasibility study of the Moscow Ring Railway; Moscow subway

Reserving additional lanes for public transport along major routes will increase the average speed of surface transit

Dmitrovskoye h. Existing lanes Leningradskoye h. Altufyevskoye h. Planned lanes

Yaroslavskoye h. Impact

Mira Avenue Shcholkovskoye h. + 20% in speed Volokolamskoye h.

Entuziastov h. Zvenigorodskoye h. + 15% in passengers Kutuzovskiy Avenue Ryazanskiy Avenue

Volgogradskiy Avenue Schedule based on Aminyevskoye h. Andropova Avenue even cycles (interval during rush hour Lublinskaya str. 40 sec. to 3 min.)

Kiyevskoye h. Kashirskoye h. Increased safety and availability Lipetskaya str.

Balaklavskiy Avenue

10 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development

New public transport operator contracting model is focused on improving service quality and reducing travel time

Approved management principles Expected impact

▪ The city pays operators for their fixed transportation service per route ▪ Increased traffic frequency of surface ▪ Unified standards transit up to – Service quality ~3 minutes during rush hour – Bus fleet ▪ Improved usability: – Tickets and tariff plans for the entire surface public transport system – Unification of service standards

▪ Regulation of tariffs for all operators – Unification of ticket and tariff systems

▪ Reduced load on street-road network ▪ Responsibility for carriage of reduced-fare via standardized large-capacity bus fleet passengers on all routes ▪ Private operators share of the route ▪ Agreement with an operator is made for 5 to 7 network: 40% years

11 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Implementation of intermodal tickets will improve convenience and reduce lost time for passengers

Universal ticket Combined ticket

=

1 trip – 90 min.

▪ 1 validation = 1 trip on 1 mode of transport ▪ 1 validation = entire route with transfers

▪ Valid for all modes of transport ▪ Unlimited number of transfers between all modes of transport for 90 minutes (1 trip by ▪ Equal price on all modes of transport subway only)

12 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Creation of LRT and BRT routes will offer rapid transit service to residents without access to subway

Map of prospective LRT and BRT routes Impact Areas with poor public transport Areas with poor public transport accessibility and population accessibility and population Additional carrying capacity of up to of over 500 people of less than 500 people 15,000 people per hour, per route

Schedule based on even cycles (interval 3 Yaroslavskoye Shosse, Mytishchi during rush hour 40 sec. to 2 min.) 2

Shchelkovskoye 1 Volokolamskoye Shosse Shosse 4 Public transport for residents with no access to metro Shosse Zvenigorodskoye 5 12 Entuziastov Shosse

11 Mozhaiskoye Shosse

Sevastopolsky 10 Michurinsky 8 Prospekt Prospekt

9 Leninsky Prospekt 6 7 , Lipetskaya Dzerzhinsky Ulitsa

13 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Park and ride facilities are required for 80,000 cars outside and 30,000 cars within Moscow

Targets for reducing Required additional parking slots at park and ride facilities, car use thousands

4.6 3.1 6.2 Within About Moscow 30,000 Within Moscow 5.5 5.0 8.5 ▪ Reduce number of car 2.7 trips by 33% during 1.0 0 peak hours 11.4 4.3 15.5 Outside Moscow 1.9 ▪ Reduce number of car trips by 31% during 3.7 8.0 peak hours 4.6 3.1

12.5 About Outside 80,000 Moscow

14 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Developing legal taxi servicse will allow for reduced waiting times, more comfortable and safer trips

Current situation Target model

▪ Share of the illegal segment - ▪ Total taxi fleet of 50,000-55,000 cars Market supply about 50% ▪ Share of the illegal segment – about 0% ▪ 20,000 legal taxi cabs ▪ Two types of taxis (standard and premium class) with different approaches to regulation

▪ No car quality or trim-level standards ▪ Standard taxi: minimum required technical Taxi cars ▪ Low requirements for drivers to specifications and appearance and drivers obtain a license ▪ Premium class – more expensive and comfortable cars than in the standard class ▪ Requirements for taxi drivers based on taxi class

▪ Fare for taxi cabs hailed on the ▪ Tariff regulation for standard-class taxi service, Trip tariffs street determined on the spot focus on availability of short-distance trips ▪ Focus of legal taxi service on long- ▪ Deregulated tariff for premium-class taxi service distance trips

▪ No responsibility for passengers ▪ Compulsory insurance covering passengers, drivers, Other elements and cars ▪ Special taxi stands

15 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development Introduction of paid parking facilities and reduction in the use of illegal parking space will increase road capacity

Parking space breakdown in the city center (Central Administrative District), thousand parking spaces Comments The highest priority is to reduce the number of ▪ Reduction in the total number spaces used for parking against road regulations of parking spaces in the Central Administrative District by 348 -46 approximately 46,000 by elimi- Street parking nating street parking that violates (violating road 46 302 regulations) 0 road regulations Street parking 54 ▪ Introduction of a pilot for paid (no violation 89 parking in November 2012 of road regulations)1 ▪ Privileges for people with limited Permanent 89 public parking 54 +35 mobility, local residents, and facilities property owners

Other2 159 159

Current breakdown Target breakdown 1 In 2011 fully free-of-charge, by 2016 – paid parking 2 Yards, houses, cooperatives, garages, guest houses SOURCE: GUP DGS; Department of Housing and Utilities Infrastructure; Prefecture of the Central Administrative District; Department of Transport and Road 16 Infrastructure Development Deployment of an Intelligent Transportation System will help increase of average speed and decrease the accident rate

Number of items Item Purpose by the end of 2013

Traffic flow Monitor traffic flow indicators in the streets and roads on 6,700 sensors a real-time basis

Inform road users of the actual traffic situation while Information they are underway 300 displays

Create control stations for adaptive and coordinated Adaptive traffic control over traffic lights aimed at increasing street and 1,700 lights road network capacity

Road violation- Maintain control of vehicular traffic and impose recording administrative fines on drivers 8001 facilities

1 Number of control points

17 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development A traffic flow model will enable informed decisions on transport infrastructure development

Possible applications of the model Examples of decisions made

Assessment ▪ Traffic management based on a mathematical model of transport policy ▪ Estimating the efficiency of the efforts to create dedicated measures' efficiency public transport lines ▪ Minimization of transport losses caused by restricted traffic due to construction and repair work

Assessment of ▪ Prioritization of investment in transport infrastructure transport-related development CAPEX projects – Roads and bridges – Subway and surface transit lines – Park and ride facilities

Alignment of city ▪ Forecast of the following activities' impact on the transport and transport infrastructure infrastructure – Development of residential areas development plans – Construction of industrial and office facilities

Control over ▪ Monitoring of the implemented measures' efficiency transport policy ▪ Forecast of traffic situation in the city effectiveness

18 SOURCE: Department of Transport and Road Infrastructure Development