Silva Balcanica, 19(2)/2018

Additions to xylophagous longhorn (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) host plants in

Danail Doychev1, Pavel Topalov2, Gergana Zaemdzhikova2, Vladimir Sakalian3, Georgi Georgiev2 1University of Forestry – Sofia 2Forest Research Institute – Sofia Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 3Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research – Sofia Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

Abstract

In 2017 and 2018, 42 trophical connections between 28 cerambycid taxa and 16 trees and shrub species were established in Bulgaria. Longhorn beetles belong to five subfamilies as follows: Prioninae (1 species); (6); Spondylidinae (3); (9); (9). Thirty-three relationships are new records for Bulgaria: Prionus coriarius – Quercus rubra and avium; Anastrangalia dubia dubia – ; Pachytodes erraticus – Q. rubra; bifasciatum – A. alba; Rhagium inquisitor inquisitor – A. alba; Rhagium mordax – Alnus glutinosa; maculata maculata – and P. avium; Alocerus moesiacus – Quercus suber; Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri – P. avium; mysticus – and monogina; cerdo cerdo – Q. suber; Cerambyx scopolii scopolii – Quercus rubra and Quercus cerris; Phymatodes testaceus – Q. rubra; Purpuricenus budensis – Paliurus spina-christi; Pyrrhidium sanguineum – Quercus dalechampii; Ropalopus femoratus – Q. rubra; Callimoxys gracilis – P. spina-christi; Trichoferus pallidus – Quercus dalechampii; Acanthocinus griseus – Abies alba; Aegomorphus krueperi – Q. suber; linnei – regia and Q. dalechampii; Leiopus nebulosus nebulosus – Q. rubra; curculionoides – Q. rubra and P. avium; Mesosa nebulosa – Quercus cerris and Q. dalechampii; asper funereus – Q. dalechampii and Salix caprea. Trichoferus pallidus is a new species for Vitosha Mt., and Juglans regia is a new host of Leiopus linnei. The new records enlarge knowledge of longhorn beetles host ranges and distribution of the species in the country. Key words: Cerambycidae, xylophages, host plants, Bulgaria

Introduction

Bulgarian cerambycid fauna (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) includes 261 species (Georgiev et al., 2013; Danilevsky et al., 2016), from which about 70% are connected with forest vegetation (Migliaccio et al., 2007). At present, 176 connections between 86 cerambycid taxa and 49 tree and shrub species have been established in Bulgaria (Doychev et al., 2017). This paper announces new data about host plants of xylophagous longhorn beetles in Bulgaria.

47 Material and methods

The studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 by following entomological methods: collection of plant samples and rearing of adults from them in photoeclectors in laboratory conditions; identification of larvae and adults found in tissues and organs of host plants; rearing of collected larvae and pupae to adults in laboratory. Preimaginal stages (larvae and pupae) of some cerambycids were photographed in natural conditions (Nikon D80, Micro-Nikkor 105 mm lense). The adults were identified by the keys of Plavilschtikov (1936, 1940, 1958) and Bense (1995), and the larvae – by the keys of Švácha, Danilevsky (1986, 1987, 1988) and Mamaev, Danilevsky (1975). The longhorn beetles are presented in alphabetic order within each subfamily, using system and nomenclature of Danilevsky (2018). The new host plants of the cerambycids for Bulgaria are indicated with an asterisk.

Results and discussion

In this study, 28 cerambycid taxa were established on different trees and shrub species. They belong to five subfamilies, as follows: Prioninae (1 species); Lepturinae (6); Spondylidinae (3); Cerambycinae (9); Lamiinae (9). Prioninae Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Quercus rubra L.: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40’33.0”N, 23°20’35.5”E, 15 larvae in semi-decayed wood of dead stems, 20-22 March 2017. *Prunus avium (L.) L.: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 680 m a.s.l., 42°39’22.7”N, 23°14’29.3”E, 6 larvae in stem wood, 03 March 2017 (Fig. 1A).

Lepturinae Anastrangalia dubia dubia (Scopoli, 1763) – *Abies alba Mill.: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 750 m NW of Kom hut, 1440 m a.s.l., 43°11’05.9”N, 23°04’12.7”E, 2 dead adults found under bark of dead stems, 23 August 2017. Pachytodes erraticus (Dalman, 1817) – *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40’33.0”N, 23°20’35.5”E, 4 larvae in semi-decayed wood of dead stem, 20 March 2017. Rhagium (Hagrium) bifasciatum Fabricius, 1775 – *Abies alba: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 750 m NW of Kom hut, 1440 m a.s.l., 43°11’05.9”N, 23°04’12.7”E, 1 larva and 2 adults reared from pupae found in semi-decayed wood of laying stems, sample collection – 23 August 2017, emergence – 10 October 2017. The Western Rhodopes Mts., 2.9 km S of Smolyan, 1350 m a.s.l., 41°33‘05.6“N, 24°41‘34.4“E, 1 larva in rotten stem wood, sample collection – 23 August 2018. (L.) H. Karst.: West Balkan Range, 190 m SW of Kom hut, 1680 m a.s.l., 43°10’53.3”N, 23°04’35.1”E, 1 larva and 1 adult in semi-decayed wood of laying stems,

48 Fig. 1. A – Prionus coriarius, larva; B – Rhagium mordax, larva; C – Cerambyx scopolii, larva; D – Purpuricenus budensis, larva

23 August 2017. West Balkan Range, Chuprene Biosphere Reserve, 300 m SW of Gorski Rai hut, 1400 m a.s.l., 43°27’08.4”N, 22°38’21.1”E, 1 larva under bark of dead stem, 16 October 2017. Rhagium (Rhagium) inquisitor inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Abies alba: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 800 m NW of Kom hut, 1430 m a.s.l., 43°11’05.3”N, 23°04’10.9”E, 3 larvae found under bark of dead stems, 23-24 August 2017. Gornata Koria Reserve, 320 m N of Kom hut, 1710 a.s.l., 43°10’55.0”N, 23°04’29.0”E, 2 larvae found under bark of dead stems, 23-24 August 2017. Rhagium (Megarhagium) mordax (DeGeer, 1775) –*Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.: West Balkan Range, 4.2 km S of Barzia vill., 750 m a.s.l., 43°09’10.9”N, 23°08’50.0”E, 2 larvae under bark of stumps, 31 March 2017. Quercus dalechampii Ten.: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 730 m a.s.l., 42°39’21.8”N, 23°14’42.3”E, a larva and adult under bark of dried stem, 03 March 2017 (Fig. 1B). Fagus sylvatica L.: West Balkan Range, Gornata Koria Reserve, 770 m NW of Kom hut, 1450 m a.s.l., 43°11’05.3”N, 23°04’12.4”E, 3 larvae and 2 adult, reared from 2 pupae found under bark of broken, fallen or dried trees, sample collection – 23 August 2017, emergence – 26 September 2017. Gornata Koria Reserve, 670 m W of Kom hut, 1660 m a.s.l., 43°10‘49.5“N, 23°04‘14.2“E, 1 larva under bark of dried fallen stem, 24 August 2017.

49 Rutpela maculata maculata (Poda von Neuhaus, 1761) – *Betula pendula Roth: Lyulin Mt., above Gorna Banya, 860 m a.s.l., 42°39‘34.4“N, 23°12‘21.4“E, larva in semi-decayed wood of laying branch (diameter 10 cm), 27 March 2017. *Prunus avium: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 680 m a.s.l., 42°39‘22.7“N, 23°14‘29.3“E, 3 larvae in wood of stem, 03 March 2017.

Spondylidinae Alocerus moesiacus (Frivaldszky von Frivald, 1837) – *Quercus suber L.: Maleshevska Mt., 1.3 km SW of Mikrevo vill., 310 m a.s.l., 41°36‘50.9“N, 23°11‘03.5“E, adult reared from dead stem (diameter 10 cm), sample collection – 8 April 2018, dead imago – 21 May 2018. Arhopalus (Arhopalus) ferus (Mulsant, 1839) – Pinus sylvestris L.: Zavala Mt., 1090 m a.s.l., 42°49‘35.2“N, 22°47‘44.4“E, 1 adult under bark of dried stem, 05 September 2017. Saphanus piceus ganglbaueri Brancsik, 1886 – *Prunus avium: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 680 m a.s.l., 42°39‘22.7“N, 23°14‘29.3“E, 3 larvae in stem wood, 03 March 2017 (Fig. 2A).

Cerambycinae Anaglyptus (Anaglyptus) mysticus (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Fagus sylvatica: West Balkan Range, 2,1 km NW of Petrohan pass, 1540 m a.s.l., 43°08‘19.9“N, 23°06‘49.7“E, 1 adult in semi-decayed wood of stump, 29 April 2017. *Crataegus monogina L.: Golo bardo Mt., Ostritsa reserve, 1100 m a.s.l., 42°33’32.7”N, 23°02’50.6”E, 1 adult reared from dead branches of living tree, sample collection – 28 April 2018, emergence – 18 May 2018. Cerambyx (Cerambyx) cerdo cerdo (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Quercus suber: Maleshevska Mt., 1,3 km SW of Mikrevo vill., 310 m a.s.l., 41°36‘50.9“N, 23°11‘03.5“E, 1 adult in the wood of dead stem, 14 April 2017. Cerambyx (Microcerambyx) scopolii scopolii Fuessly, 1775 – *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40’33.0”N, 23°20’35.5”E, 3 larvae under bark of dead stems, 22 March 2017. Quercus dalechampii: Western Rhodopes Mts., 4,2 km SE of Yundola vill., 1140 m a.s.l., 42°02’23.5”N; 23°53’52.8”E, 1 larva in wood of stump, 28 May 2017 (Fig. 1C). *Quercus cerris L.: Lylin Mt., below Manastirski livadi loc., 920 m a.s.l., 42°39’25.3”N, 23°11’07.2”E, 1 dead adult in stem wood, 1 November 2017. Phymatodes (Phymatodes) testaceus (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40’33.0”N, 23°20’35.5”E, 1 adult reared from pupa found under bark of dead stem, sample collection – 8 April 2017, emergence – 18 April 2017. Purpuricenus budensis (Götz, 1783) – *Paliurus spina-christi Mill.: Maleshevska Mt., Tisata Reserve, NE of town of Kresna, 250 m a.s.l., 41°43’58.5”N, 23°09’20.9”E, larvae and 3 adults reared from dead stems (diameter 3 cm), sample collection – 7 April 2018, emergence – 4-11 June 2018 (Fig. 1D).

50 Fig. 2. A – Saphanus piceus, larva; B – Aegomorphus krueperi, pupa; C – Acanthocinus aedilis, pupa; D – Acanthocinus griseus, larva.

Pyrrhidium sanguineum Linnaeus, 1758 – *Quercus dalechampii: Lyulin Mt., 600 m N of St. St. Cyril and Methodius Monastery, 950 m a.s.l., 42°39’18.3”N, 23°11’07.2”E, 1 adult reared from pupa found under bark of dead stem, sample collection – 23 November 2017, emergence – 22 January 2018. Ropalopus (Ropalopus) femoratus (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40’33.0”N, 23°20’35.5”E, 1 adult reared from larva found under bark of dead stem, sample collection – 8 April 2017, emergence – 2 May 2017. Callimoxys gracilis (Kraatz, 1863) – *Paliurus spina-christi: Sakar Mt., 1.1 km NE from town of Lyubimets, Hasarya loc., 115 m a.s.l., 41°51‘49.0“N, 26°05‘32.9“E, 1 adult reared from dead stem, sample collection – 9 February 2018, emergence – 10 March 2018. Trichoferus pallidus (Olivier, 1790) – *Quercus dalechampii: Vitosha Mt., above Knyazhevo, 690 m a.s.l., 42°39’22.9”N, 23°14’37.4”E, 1 adult reared from larva found in stem wood, sample collection – 03 March 2017; emergence – 19 June 2018. The Eastern Rhodopes Mts., 1.2 km Nот Panichkovo vill., m a.s.l., 41°51’25.9”N; 25°09’07.1”E, 1 adult reared from pupa found under bark of dead stem, sample collection – 26 July 2018, emergence – 1 August 2018.

51 Lamiinae Acanthocinus (Acanthocinus) aedilis (Linnaeus, 1758) – Pinus sylvestris: The Western Rhodopes Mts., near Kostandovo rail way station, 820 m a.s.l., 42°02’17.5”N; 24°04’25.9”E, 4 pupae under bark of dead stems, 1 August 2017 (Fig. 2C). Acanthocinus (Acanthocinus) griseus (Fabricius, 1793) – *Abies alba: The Western Rhodopes Mts., 3 km S of Smolyan, 1335 m a.s.l., 41°32‘58.1“N, 24°41‘25.4“E, 2 adults reared from larvae found under bark of dead stem, sample collection – 23 June 2018, pupation - 26 June 2018, emergence – 10-14 July 2018 (Fig. 2D). Aegomorphus krueperi (Kraatz, 1859) – *Quercus suber: Maleshevska Mt., 1,3 km SW of Mikrevo vill., 310 m a.s.l., 41°36‘50.9“N, 23°11‘03.5“E, 3 adults reared from pupae found in semi-decayed wood of dead branch, sample collection – 8 April 2018, emergence – 18 April 2018 (Fig. 2B). Leiopus (Leiopus) linnei Wallin, Nylander & Kvamme, 2009 – *Juglans regia L.: Lozenska Mt., near Lozen Monastery, 972 m a.s.l., 42°35‘19.6“N, 23°31‘18.8“E, 5 adults reared from dead branches of living tree, sample collection – 28 February 2018, emergence – 23 April-31 May 2018. *Quercus dalechampii: Lozenska Mt., 874 m a.s.l., 42°35‘22.5“N, 23°30‘44.4“E, 2 adults reared from dead branches of living tree, sample collection – 28 February 2018, emergence – 18-31 May 2018. Leiopus (Leiopus) nebulosus nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) – *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40‘33.0“N, 23°20‘35.5“E, larva under bark of dead stem, 22 March 2017. Mesosa (Mesosa) curculionoides (Linnaeus, 1760) – *Quercus rubra: Sofia, Borisova gradina, 620 m a.s.l., 42°40‘33.0“N, 23°20‘35.5“E, larva under bark of dead stem, 08 April 2017. *Prunus avium: Vitosha Mt., 320 m NW of Tihia kat Restaurant, 1030 m a.s.l., 42°38’29.35”N, 23°13’01.11”E, adult reared from damaged stem of living tree, sample collection – 07 April 2016, emergence – 14 July 2017. Mesosa (Aplocnemia) nebulosa (Fabricius, 1781) – Betula pendula: Vitosha Mt., Tihia kat loc., 1090 m a.s.l., 42°38’18.3”N, 23°13’22.7”E, larva in wood of dead stem (diameter 3 cm), 18 March 2017. *Quercus cerris: Vitosha Mt., Tihia kat loc., 1080 m a.s.l., 42°38’18.4”N, 23°13’20.5”E, overwintered adult in wood of dry branch (diameter 6 cm), 18 March 2017. *Quercus dalechampii: Lozenska Mt., 874 m a.s.l., 42°35‘22.5“N, 23°30‘44.4“E, adult reared from dead branches, sample collection – 28 February 2018, emergence – 04 July 2018. Morimus asper funereus Mulsant, 1863 – Fagus sylvatica: Lyulin Mt., above St. St. Cyril and Methodius Monastery, 1050 m a.s.l., 42°38’56.5”N, 23°10’58.4”E, 3 larvae under bark of stump, 25 March 2017. *Quercus dalechampii: Lyulin Mt., above St. St. Cyril and Methodius Monastery, 1110 m a.s.l., 42°38’56.1”N, 23°10’56.5”E, 2 dead adults in wood, just under the bark of dried stem, 25 March 2017. *Salix caprea L.: West Balkan Range, 5.2 km SW of Barzia vill., 880 m a.s.l., 43°08’44.9”N, 23°08’17.4”E, 6 larvae under bark of lying stems (with diameters of 12-14 cm), 02 April 2017. (Lopezcolonia) punctata (Linnaeus, 1767) – Ulmus minor Mill.: The Eastern Rhodopes, 2.9 km SE of Oreshets vill., 560 m a.s.l., 41°44’14.0”N, 25°55’36.1”E,

52 Table 1. Host plants of established longhorn beetles

Family, tree species Cerambycid species Pinaceae Acanthocinus griseus, Anastrangalia dubia dubia, Rhagium bifasciatum, Rhagium Abies alba inquisitor inquisitor Picea abies Rhagium bifasciatum Pinus sylvestris Acanthocinus aedilis, Arhopalus ferus Betulaceae Alnus glutinosa Rhagium mordax Betula pendula Mesosa nebulosa, Rutpela maculata maculatа Fagaceae Anaglyptus mysticus, Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Morimus asper funereus, Rhagium Fagus sylvatica mordax Quercus cerris Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Mesosa nebulosa Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Leiopus linnei, Mesosa nebulosа, Morimus asper Quercus dalechampii funereus, Pyrrhidium sanguineum, Rhagium mordax, Trichoferus pallidus Cerambyx scopolii scopolii, Leiopus nebulosus nebulosus, Mesosa curculionoides, Quercus rubra Pachytodes erraticus, Phymatodes testaceus, Prionus coriarius, Ropalopus femoratus Quercus suber Aegomorphus krueperi, Alocerus moesiacus, Cerambyx cerdo cerdo Juglandaceae Juglans regia Leiopus linnei Rhamnaceae Paliurus spina-christi Callimoxys gracilis, Purpuricenus budensis Rosaceae Crataegus monogina Anaglyptus mysticus Mesosa curculionoides, Prionus coriarius, Rutpela maculata maculata, Saphanus Prunus avium piceus ganglbaueri Salicaceae Salix caprea Morimus asper funereus Ulmaceae Ulmus minor Saperda punctata

1 adult reared from dead stem, sample collection – 6 May 2018, emergence – 8 June 2018. Forty-two trophical relationships were established in this study (Table 1). Among them, 33 connections are new records for Bulgaria, and the remaining ones were found in previous investigations (Doychev et al., 2017). In this study, Trichoferus pallidus was found for first time in Vitosha Mt. In addition, second specified locality of Leiopus linnei was established in Bulgaria. Recently, the species was reported from Strandzha Mt. (Georgiev et al., 2018). L. linnei is known

53 to be connected with Quercus and Acer species only (Wallin et al., 2009), and therefore, Juglans regia is a new host. In conclusion it should be noted, that the new records enlarge existing knowledge about longhorn beetles host plants and distribution of the species in Bulgaria.

Acknowledgements: A part of published data was based on the results of some projects as follow: Project 19/19.01.2016 ‘Stocks and role of dead biomass in (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest ecosystems in West Balkan Range’ supported by University of Forestry – Sofia; Project ‘Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests)’ supported by Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Water – Sofia and Bulgarian Enterprise for Management of Environmental Protection Activities; Project 18-D-50/24.04.2018 ‘Monitoring of xylophagous on Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris in forest stands affected by wind in 2018 and development of measures to reduce their number’ supported by South-Central State Enterprise – Smolyan.

References

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