TREATY WITH THE , 1786. 11 and the contracting parties shall use their utmost endeavors to main- tain the peace gfrcn as aforesaid, and friendship re-established. In witnPss of all and every thing herein determined, between the United States of America and all the , we, their underwrit- ten Commissioners, by virtue of our full powers, have signed this de.finitive treaty, and have caused m,r seals to be hereunto affixed. Done at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this twenty-eighth of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-five. Benjamin Ha,rkins, [L. s. J Chesecotetona, or Yellow Bird of Arnl'w Pickens, [L. s.J the Pine Log, his x mark, [L. s.] Jos. ::\lartin, [L. s. J Sketaloska, Second Man of Tillico, Lad1'11 Mcln·tosh, [L. s.J his x mark, [L. s.] Koatohee, or Corn Tassel of Toqno, Chokasatahe, Chickarnw Killer Ta- his x mark, [r,. ;;.] sonta, his x mark, [L. s.] Scholauetta, or Hanging Man of Onanoota, of Koosoate, his x mark, [ L. s. J Chota, his x mark, [L. s.] Ookoseta, or Sower Mush of Koo- Tu~kegatahu, or Long Fellow of loque, his x mark, [L. s.J Chbtohoe, his x mark, [L. s.J Umatooetha. the Water Hunter Oo,;kwha, or Abraham of Chil- Choikamawga, his x mark, [L. s.J kowa, his x mark, [L. s. J 1Vyuka, of Lookout Mountain, his Kolakusta, or Prince of Noth, his x x mark, [L. s.J mark, [L. s. J Tnlco, or Tom of Chatuga, his x Xewota, ortheGritzsof Chicamaga, mark, [L. s.J his x mark, [L. s.J 1Vill, of Akoha, his x mark, [L. s.J Konatota, or the Rising Fawn of Necatee, of Sawta, his x mark, [L. s.] llighwassay, his x mark, [L. s.J Amokontakona, Kutcloa, his x Tuckasee, or Young Terrapin of mark, [L. s.J Allajoy, his x mark, [L. s.J Kowetatahee, in Frog Town, his x Toostaka, or the \Vaker of Oosta- mark, [L. s.J nawa, his x mark, [L. s.} Keukuck, Talcoa, his x mark, [L. s.J 1;ntoola, or Gun Rod of Seteco, his Tulatiska, of Cha way, hiH x mark, [L. H.] x mark, [L. s.J \Vooaluka, the \Vaylayer, Chota, Lnsuokanail, Buffalo White Calf his x mark, [L. s. J New Cnssee, his x mark, [L. s.J Tatliusta, or Porpoise of Tilassi, his Kostayeak, or Sharp Fellow 1Va- x mark, [L. s.] taga, his x mark, [L. s.J John, of LittleTallico, hisxmark, [L. s.] Chonosta, of CowP, his x mark, [L. s.J Skelelak, his x mark, [L. s.J Chescoonwho, Bird in Close of Akonoluchta, the Cabin, his x Tomotlug, his x mark, [L. s.J mark, [L. s.J Tuckasee, or Terrapin of Hightowa, Cheanoka, of Kawetakac, his x his ,x mark, [L. s.J mark, [L. s.] Chesetoa, or the Raqbit of Tlacoa, Yellow Bird, his x mark, [L. s.] his x mark, · [L. s. J ·witness: 1Vrn. Blount, Thos. Gregg, Sam'! Taylor, Major., 1V. Hazzard. John Owen, James Madison, Jess. '1'alton, Arthur Cooley,. Jno. Cowan, capt. comm'd't, Sworn interpreters.

TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW, 1786.

Artioles of ct treaty concluded at IIopewell, on the I1eowee, nertr Seneca ~-Jan. 3, 1786 Old Town, between Benjamin Hawkins, Andrew Pickens and Joseph 7 stat., 21. J1fartin, Cmnmissioners Plenipotent?:ary of the United States of America, (~f tlw one part,' and Yockonalwrna, great J.riedal Chi~f of Soonacolw; Yockelwopoie, leading Chief of Bugtoogoloo; .Mingo- lwopoie, lectding Chief of Ilashooqua,' Tobocoh, _qreat .Medal Chief of Congetoo; Pooshemastubie, Gorget Captain of Senayazo; and tkirteen small ~Medal Cl1iefs of the :first Class, twelve 11-fedal and Gorget Captains, Commissioners Plen1'potentia:ry of all the Choctaw ..Nation, of the other part. .

THE Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of Amer- ica giYe peace to all the Choctaw nation, and receive them into the 12 TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW, 1786. favor and protection of the United States of America, on the follow- ing conditions: ARTICLE I.

Indians to restore prisoners. The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of all the Choctaw nation, shall restore all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, or subjects of their allies, to their entire liberty, if any there be in the Choctaw nation. They shall also restore all the negroes, and all other property taken during the late war, from the citizens, to such person, and at such time and place as the Commissioners of the United States of America shall appoint, if any there be in the Choctaw nat10n.

ARTICLE II. theThey protection ackn?wledge of The.· Commissioners Plenipotentiary. of all the Choctaw• • nation , do United states. hereby acknowledge the tnbes and towns of the said nation, and the lands within the boundary allotted to the said Indians to live and hunt on, as mentioned in the third article, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever.

ARTICLE III. Boundaries. The boundary of the lands hereby allotted to the Choctaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America, is and shall be the following, viz. Beginning at a point on the thirty- first degree of north latitude, where the Eastern boundary of the Natches district shall touch the same; thence east along the said thirty-first degree of north latitude, being the southern boundvxy of the United States of America, until it shall strike the eastern bound- ary of the lands on which the Indians of the said nation did live and hunt on the twenty-ninth of November, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-two, while they were under the protection of the King of Great-Britain; thence northerly along the said eastern boundary, until it shall meet the northern boundary of the said lands; thence westerly along the said northern boundary, until it shall meet the western boundary thereof; thence southerly along the same to the beginning: saving and reserving for the establishment of trading posts, three tracts or parcels of land of six miles square each, at such places as the United [States] in Congress assembled shall think proper; which posts, and the lands annexed to them, shall be to the use and under the gov- ernment of the United States of America.

ARTICLE IV.

No citizen of United States shall settle on · If any citizen of the United States, or other person not being an Indian lands. Indian, shall attempt to settle on any of the lands hereby allotted to the Indians to live and hunt on, such person shall forfeit the protection of the United States of America, and the Indians may punish him or not as they please. ARTICLE V.

criminals.Indians to deliver If any I n d"ian or I n d"ians, or persons, res1"d. mg among th em, or w l10 shall take refuge in their nation, shall commit a robbery or murder or other capital crime on any citizen of the United States of America, or person under their protection, the tribe to which such offender may 1::elong, or the nation, shall be bound to deliver him or them up to be punished according to the ordinances of the United States in Congress assembled: Provided, that the punishment shall not be greater than if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed by a citizen on a citizen. TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW, 1786. 13

ARTICLE VI.

Citizens of :Un~ted If any• citizen of the United• States of America ' or person under• their • States comm1 tt1ng protection, shall commit a robbery or murder, or other cap1talcr1me, c~imes against_ In- on any Indian, such offender or offenders shall be punished hi the same ctians to be pumshed. manner as if the robbery or murder, or other capital crime, had been committed on a citizen of the United States of America; and the pun- · ishment shall be in presence of some of the , if any will attend at the time and place; and that they may have an opportunity so to do, due notice, if practicable, of the time of such intended punishment, shall be sent to some one of the tribes.

ARTICLE VII.

_Jt is under,;tood that the punishment of the innocent, under the idea R!'taliation re- of retaliation, is unju8t, and shall not be practiced on either side, except stramed. where there is a manifest violation of this treaty; and then it shall be preceded, first by a demand of justice, and if refused, then by a declara- tion of hostilities.

ARTICLE VIII.

For the benefit and comfort of the Indians, and for the prevention Unitedstatestoreg- o f mJuries. . . or oppressions. on t h e part o f th e c1t1zens. . or I n d"ians, t h e ulate trade.. United States in Congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right of regulating the trade with the Indians, and managing all their affairs in such manner as they think proper.

ARTICLE IX.

Until the pleasure of Congress be known, respecting the eighth fo~r:a_c,;_:_1 provision article, all traders, citizens of the United States of America, shall have liberty to go to any of the tribes or towns of the Choctaws, to trade with them, and they shall be protected in their persons and property, and kindly treated.

ARTICLE X.

The sa~.d I n d.ians s h a 11 _give• no t·_ICe t o th e Cl·t· 1zens of th e U Ill·t e d St a t es ticeIndians of designsagainst to give no of America, of any designs which they may know or suspect to be United states. formed in any neighboring tribe, or by any person whosoever, against the peace, trade or interest of the United States of America.

ARTICLE XI.

The hatchet shall be forever buried, and the peace given by the feace and friend- United States of America,. an d f rien . d s h.1p re-establ" 1s h e d between t h e ship perpetual. said stateR on the one part, and all the Choctaw nation on the other · part, shall be universal; and the contracting parties shall use their utmost endeavors to maintain the peace given as aforesaid, and friend- ship re-established. In witness of all and every thing herein determined, between the United States of America and all the Choctaws, we, their underwritten commissioners, by virtue of our full powers, have signed this defini- tive treaty, and have caused our seals to be hereunto affixed. Done at Hopewell, on the Keowee, this third day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-six.

Benjamin Hawkins, [L. S.] Y ockenahoma, his x mark, (L. s.] Andrew Pickens, (L. S.] Y ockehoopoie, his x mark, (L. s.] Jos. Martin, (L. S.] Mingohoopoie, his x mark, (L. S.] 14 TREATY WITH THE , 1786.

Tobocoh, his x mark, [L. B.] Cshecoopoohcamoeh, his x mark, [L. s.] Pooshemastuby, his x mark, [L. S.] Stonakoohoopoie, his x mark, [L. s.] Pooshahooma, his x mark, [L. s.] Tushkoheegohta, his x mark, [L. S.] Tuscoonoohoopoie, his x mark, [ L. s.] Teshuhenochloch, his x mark, [L. S.] Shinshemastuby, his x mark, [L. S.] Pooshonaltla, his x mark, [L. S.] Y oopahooma, his x mark, [L. S.] Okanconnooba, his x mark, [ I,, s.] Stoonokoohoopoie, his x mark, [L. S.] Autoonachuba, his x mark, [ L. s. J Tehakuhbay, his x mark, [L. S.] Pangehooloch, his x mark, [L. S.] Pooshemastuby, his x mark, [L. S.] Steabee, his x mark, [L. s.] Tuskkahoomoih, his x mark, [L. S.] Tenetchenna, his x mark, [L. S.] Tushkahoomock, his x mark, [L. S.] Tushkementahock, his x mark, [L. S.] Y oostenochla, his x mark, [L. S.J Tushtallay, his x mark, [L. S.] Tootehooma, his x mark, [L. S.] Cshnaani.rchabba, his x mark, [L. s.] Toobenohoomoch, his x mark, [L. S.] Cunnopoie, his x mark, [L. S. [ Witness: vV m. Blount, John Woods, Saml. Taylor, Robert Anderson, Benj. Lawrence. John Pitchlynn, James Cole, Interpreters.

TREATY WITH THE CHICKASAW, 1786. ·.

~-J_a_n_.1_0_,1_ 7_s6_. _ Articles of a treaty, concluded at Hopewell, on tl,e Keowee, near Seneca 7 stat. 24. Old Town, between Benjam/in IIawkins, Andrew Pickens, and ,frJseph J}[artin, Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America, of the one Part; and Piomingo, IIead Warrior and Fi'.rst J}Iinister of the Chickasaw "'-Vation; Mingatush.ka, one of the lead£11q Oh.iefs,- and Latopoia, .first belo1,•ed 1¥an of the said Nat1:on, Omn:- missioners Plenipotentiary of all the , of the other ParL THE Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the United States of America give peace to the Chickasaw Nation, and receive them into the favor and protection of the said States, on the following conditions:

ARTICLE I.

rr1~.;;!!fs" ,;~d rest0re The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the Chickasaw nation, shall · erty. prop- restore all the prisoners, citizens of the United States, to their entire liberty, if any there be in the Chickasaw nation. They shall also restore all the negroes, and all other property taken during the late war, from the citizfms, if any there be in the Chickasaw nation, to such person, and at such time and place, as the Commissioner:,; of the United States of America shall appoint.

ARTICLE II.

te;\;~~°'~tgtnft~~ The Commissioners Plenipotentiary of the ChickaRaws, do hereby states. acknowled!!e the tribes and the towns of the Chickasaw nation, to be under the protection of the United States of America, and of no other sovereign whosoever. ARTICLE III. Boundaries. The boundary of the lands hereby allotted to the Chickasaw nation to live and hunt on, within the limits of the United States of America, is, and shall be the following, viz. Beginning on the ridge that divides the waters running into the Cumberland, from those running in.to the , at a point in a line to be run north-east, which shall strike