LTE MTC: Optimizing LTE Advanced for Machine-Type Communications

November 2014 LTE MTC: Optimizing LTE Advanced for Machine-Type Communications

Using all spectrum types Empowering new services Connecting more industries

Extending LTE Advanced LTE Direct always-on Optimizing LTE Advanced for to unlicensed spectrum proximity awareness machine-type communications

Making Wi-Fi a Evolving LTE Connecting more virtual extension Broadcast, going verticals like cars of LTE beyond mobile

Further enhancing HetNets Faster and better Advanced antenna features mobile broadband Evolving carrier aggregation Advanced receivers

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 2 Optimizing LTE Advanced for Machine-Type Communication LTE MTC is part of the upcoming Release 13 of the global 3GPP standard

Benefits from the reliability, Co-exists with mobile broadband 1 pervasiveness, efficiency, and 3 services enabling continued M2M longevity of 4G LTE business model innovations

Significantly increases battery life, Plays a key role among the multiple 2 while reducing cost/complexity 4 solutions required to connect the and enhancing coverage Internet of Everything

~25 Billion Interconnected devices forecast in 20201

Transforming industries with innovative services and useful information Smart Cities Industrial Transportation Connected Home Healthcare Retail Education

1 Source: Machina Research, February, 2014 @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 4 Connecting the IoE requires heterogeneous wireless connectivity Powered by global standards with seamless interoperability across multiple vendors

Personal Area (WPAN) Local Area (WLAN) Wide Area (WWAN)

Bluetooth Wi-Fi 802.11 3G and 4G LTE

Replaces cables for connecting The center of the connected For applications that demand mobile/PC accessories, evolving home/enterprise, evolving for ubiquitous coverage and high for the IoE with Bluetooth Smart the IoE with 802.11ah reliability, evolving for the IoE with LTE MTC

Supporting the wide range of IoE use cases with varying performance, cost, and energy requirements

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 5 Valuable M2M services are enabled by the pervasiveness, reliability, security, and performance of 3G and 4G LTE

Remote monitoring and management Ubiquitous coverage with established networks serving ~2.7 Billion 3G/4G connections worldwide1

High reliability that provides redundant Real-time control network design with >99% availability2 and automation

Robust security features built-in; trusted in

government and finance sectors Financial services Machine (M2M) Services

High performance with broadband data rates, - to real-time responsiveness, and managed QoS - OTT managed cloud services Mature ecosystem backed by global standards with seamless interoperability Machine Broadband 3G and 4G LTE services

1 Source: GSMA Intelligence, Jul. ’14; 2 Source: NIST, “Consolidated NIST Wireless Characteristics Matrix V5”, 10/25/2010 @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 6 M2M services are transforming the way we live and do business

Connected Transportation Automotive, Asset Tracking, UBI Connected Industrial Connected Home HVAC, POS, Smart Grid Smart Energy, Home Security

Connected Cities Connected Health Care Lighting, Parking, Water Management 3G and 4G LTE Gateways, Wearables, Devices

Network longevity LTE has become one of the fastest growing wireless technologies providing a solid foundation for many years to come

Network efficiency Increased spectral efficiency, simplified network infrastructure, and more efficient signaling

Superior performance Common global standard LTE and LTE Advanced provides the fastest and best broadband with a vibrant global ecosystem experiences for applicable M2M services 310+ Networks 1,500+ Devices in 110+ countries from 100+ vendors

Source: GSA (www.gsacom.com) – July 2014 for networks and June 2014 for devices @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 8 M2M requirements often differ from mobile broadband Requires optimizations to make technology scalable to a wide range use cases

Years of battery life Often battery-powered and deployed in field for many years

Low Throughput Smart Machines Low cost/complexity devices Usually do not require the wideband operation of LTE

Deep coverage May be deployed in challenging locations (e.g., underground)

Significantly increases battery life New enhanced power save modes and efficient signaling

Reduces device cost/complexity New device category with narrowband operation Co-existence Efficiently integrates with existing LTE Advanced services Enhances coverage Advanced techniques to reach challenging locations

Enhanced Power Save Mode (PSM) More efficiently turn on/off modem; optimized for device-originated or scheduled applications

Extended Discontinuous Reception (DRX) Longer sleep cycles optimized for delay-tolerant, device-terminated applications

Connectionless Random Access Channel (RACH) Data transmissions via common channel for more efficient transition between states

Less frequent Tracking Area Updates (TAUs) and measurements Configurable for low- to zero-mobility M2M applications Capable of many years of battery life

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 11 LTE MTC introduces a new Power Save Mode (PSM) More efficiently turn on/off modem for device-originated or scheduled applications

Without LTE MTC With LTE MTC LTE Advanced with deep sleep LTE Advanced with Power Save Mode (PSM)

Setup registration Efficient modem

and connection ‘wakeup’ M2M Data (Tx/Rx) Data M2M

Setup (Tx/Rx) Data M2M

Service Request or TAU Request Service Modelpowerconsumption Off Modelpowerconsumption PSM Time Time

Device requires signaling prior to data transmission in Device remains registered with the network, reducing order to register with the network the signaling required for modem wakeup

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 12 LTE MTC introduces longer sleep cycles Delivering critical power savings for delay-tolerant, device-terminated applications

Without LTE MTC With LTE MTC Sleep cycles optimized for human-type communications Sleep cycles extendable for machine-type communications

Unnecessary signaling

Delay Extended sleep cycle eliminates

Tolerance unnecessary signaling

TAU TAU TAU

TAU

M2M Data (Tx/Rx) M2M Data M2M Data (Tx/Rx) M2M Data

Sleep Sleep Sleep Model power consumptionpowerModel DRX DRX consumptionpowerModel DRX Time PSM Time

Current maximum sleep cycle is 2.56 seconds, resulting Capable of extending sleep cycles to many minutes, eliminating in unnecessary signaling unnecessary signaling to save power

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 13 LTE MTC enables a new, simpler M2M device capability Optimized for relatively small, infrequent data transmissions

Mobile Low throughput Broadband Smart Machines

Wideband (20 MHz) Narrowband (~1 MHz) Fast Data Rate (300+ Mbps1) Reduced Data Rate (<2 Mbps1)

Diversity Antennas Single receive antenna • Simplifies RF hardware FDD or TDD Operation Half Duplex Operation • Reduces baseband complexity

Redundant UL/DL Transmissions Single Frequency Network (SFN) Multicast Send same data in consecutive Transmit Time Intervals Same broadcast signal from all cells

Trade off spectrum efficiency and latency

LTE Advanced sub-frames (1 ms)

More reliable in-building coverage Better cell-edge performance Configurable per cell/UE/channel

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 15 LTE MTC capitalizes on hyper-densification of small cells Solving the 1000x data challenge with small cells everywhere improves M2M coverage

M2M UEs

Enterprise Macro Cell

Residential / Neighborhood Metro / Pico

Brings the network closer improving Enhances uplink link budget Enables flexible deployment models coverage and reducing power (macro cells, small cells, and relays)

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 16 LTE MTC co-exists with today’s mobile broadband services Efficiently integrated with existing LTE Advanced spectrum and networks

Co-existence Time- and Frequency-Division Multiplexing between LTE MTC services and other services (e.g., mobile broadband) Non-MTC Services Non-MTC Services

Flexible capacity Multiple narrowband regions supported for scalable LTE MTC <0.1% Non-MTC Data resource allocation between LTE MTC and non-MTC

of data capacity for MTC Control MTC

MTC Control MTC Non-MTC Data -

- MTC traffic based LTE MTC Non Non on sample scenario1

1 Assumptions: ISD Urban – 500m, 3 cells per site, Channel b/w 10MHz, Cell capacity: DL 14Mbps, UL 9.6Mbps; Traffic types include data and commands for Electric Meter, Water Meter, Security Panel, HVAC - Residential, Outdoor Street Light, Off Street Parking Meter, Parking Space Sensor, Water Assets; 100% of traffic assumed in 6hr. busy period – see appendix for more details on MTC sample scenario @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 17 LTE MTC proposed as part of Release 13 of the 3GPP standard New features introduced in R11 and R12, but critical optimizations realized with R13 RELEASE 13

LTE MTC

Significant power savings New enhanced power save modes and efficient signaling

New, simpler device Narrowband operation reduces RELEASE 12 overall device complexity/cost RELEASE 11 New Device Category Overload Control Marginal cost/complexity reductions Enhanced Coverage Ability to utilize EAB* to restrict access plus elementary power savings Advanced techniques to reach to delay-tolerant devices in overload challenging locations

* Extended Access Barring @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 18 The 4G LTE ecosystem is already delivering innovative solutions to support the growth of M2M services

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 19 M2M services are benefiting the entire 4G LTE ecosystem Capitalizing on the massive surge of smart, connected things with the Internet of Everything

Mobile Operators M2M Service Providers Businesses & Consumers

New M2M services New revenue streams Increase productivity Potential OTT services Better customer engagement Improve safety and security Flexible capacity allocation Reduce labor costs (service/repair) Enhanced user experience

The high growth potential of M2M is resulting in unprecedented levels of interest and investment

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 20 Mobile operators are embracing innovative M2M business models With solutions to simplify the deployment and management of M2M services

Apps

Simplified Device Simplified 4G LTE Simplified Service Simplified Application Development Connectivity Management Development Certified modules Global SIM Billing/Cost Management M2M APIs and pre-packaged apps Certified devices Automated Provisioning Real-time Diagnostics Cloud infrastructure

End-to-end personalized service Flexible billing options that cater to Dedicated M2M customer service offerings through partnerships M2M applications and services and professional services

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 21 The industry is working on a standardized M2M service layer oneM2M provides a secure and efficient end-to-end data/control exchange

Reduces time-to-market with standardized protocols & APIs

Enhances M2M data transport efficiency App App • Middleware between M2M apps & communication HW/SW oneM2M API API • Typically implemented upon IP Simplifies device life-cycle messages management Service Service • Provides functions common Layer Layer across M2M apps LTE MTC Provides reliable end-to-end security (e.g., encryption)

Delivers interoperability across M2M apps oneM2M is a global organization creating a scalable and interoperable standard for communications of devices and services used in M2M applications and the Internet of Things. The views expressed on this slide are those of Qualcomm, and they may not represent a consensus position within oneM2M or cover all aspects/features of the oneM2M specifications. @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 22 Qualcomm is uniquely positioned to connect the Internet of Everything

Industry-first Chipsets from QTI Standards Leadership Industry-first Demos • MWC 2012: Live Over-The-Air (OTA) • World’s 1st LTE Advanced solution (Jun ’13) • A main contributor to key LTE Advanced features HetNet Demo with Mobility • First with LTE Broadcast (Jan ‘14) • Instrumental in driving interference • MWC 2013: Live OTA opportunistic • LTE Advanced cat 6 (300 Mbps) solution cancellation and other Hetnets features HetNet Demo with VoIP Mobility; announced in Nov. ‘13 Authorized Shared Access (ASA) demo • Pioneering work on LTE Direct, LTE MTC and LTE in unlicensed spectrum • MWC 2014: Enhanced HetNets with data- channel interference cancellation; Live OTA LTE Direct demo

At the forefront of evolving and expanding LTE Advanced into new frontiers

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 24 Qualcomm® Gobi™ 3G and 4G M2M solutions Proven global solutions supporting multiple carriers with multimode capability

• Integrated applications processors, location capability, and WiFi/BT connectivity support • Extended product life • Additional products available, including Qualcomm® SnapdragonTM Processors for Automotive

More than 175 3G/4G and Wi-Fi / HPGP modules and solutions from leading OEMs1 A partial list of cellular modules from various vendors is available at: www.m2msearch.com

Qualcomm Snapdragon and Qualcomm Gobi are products of Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. 1 As of September 2014 @2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 25 Qualcomm is uniquely positioned to connect the IoE An unmatched technology portfolio and end-to-end solutions across the entire IoE value chain

Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.

Apps Power System / Location & 3G/4G LTE Wi-Fi Bluetooth RF HPGP Processing Management OS Sensors Connectivity Supporting Technologies

@2013-2014 Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. and/or its affiliated companies. All Rights Reserved. 26 Optimizing LTE Advanced for Machine-Type Communication LTE MTC is part of the upcoming Release 13 of the global 3GPP standard

Benefits from the reliability, Co-exists with mobile broadband 1 pervasiveness, efficiency, and 3 services enabling continued M2M longevity of 4G LTE business model innovations

Significantly increases battery life, Plays a key role among the multiple 2 while reducing cost/complexity 4 solutions required to connect the and enhancing coverage Internet of Everything

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