Notes to Chapter 1 1. Conversations with Eudora Welty, Ed. Peggy Whitman Prenshaw (Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 1984), P
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Notes Notes to Chapter 1 1. Conversations with Eudora Welty, ed. Peggy Whitman Prenshaw (Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 1984), p. S4. All subsequent citations to this book will be indicated by the abbreviation CNVRS and page number in my text. 2. The Eye of the Story: Selected Essays and Reviews (New York, Random House, 1978), pp. 146-S8. 3. One Writer's Beginnings (Cambridge and London, Harvard University Press, 1984), p. 104. All subsequent citations of this book will appear in my text with the abbreviation OWB and page number. 4. Conversation with Eudora Welty in her home, 16 June 1987; see also OWB, p. S1. S. Eudora, photographic exhibit selected and edited by Patti Carr Black (Jackson, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, 1984), p. 16; OWB, pp. 4--S. 6. OWB, pp. 8-9; BBC Omnibus video, A Writer's Beginnings, Mississippi Department of Archives and History. 7. OWB, pp. 100-101; Ruth M. Vande Kieft, Eudora Welty (Boston, Twayne, 1987), p. 4; the experience of framing her vision with her hands, described in the quotation from 'A Memory' in OWB, pp. 87-9, is surely autobiographical, although what the narrator saw in the story was fiction. 8. Literary Women (New York, Doubleday, 1976), pp. 2S9-63. 9. W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, Alfred Knopf, 1941), pp. 86-7. 10. CNVRS, pp. 176-7; OWB, pp. 76-81; Vande Kieft, op. cit., pp. 4--S. 11. Alfred Kazin, On Native Grounds (New York, Reynal and Hitchcock, 1947), pp. SOI-S02. 12. Elizabeth Evans, Eudora Welty (New York, Ungar, 1981), pp. 7-9. 13. Welty Correspondence, Box #1, Folders 1-4, Mississippi Department of Archives and History; CNVRS, pp. 146-7. 14. 1 November, 1937, Welty Correspondence, Box #1, Folders 1-4, Mississippi Department of Archives and History; CNVRS, pp. 146-7. IS. R. N. Linscott, 28 May 1938, Welty Correspondence, Box #1, Folder 3. 16. Welty Correspondence, Box #1; CNVRS, p. 81. 169 170 EUDORA WELTY 17. Welty Correspondence, Box #1, Folders 3-4. 18. Welty Correspondence, Box #1, Folder 4; CNVRS, 40-42. 19. Vande Kieft, 'Chronology', in Eudora Welty, op. cit., unpaginated; Virginia Spencer Carr, The Lonely Hunter: A Biography ofCarson McCullers (New York, Doubleday, 1975), figures 66,71,72; Welty Correspondence, Box #2, Folder 1. 20. Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 18 June 1987. 21. 'Delta Wedding', Reviews, Eudora Welty Collection, Mississippi Department of Archives and History; The Tatler, 6 August 1947, p. 183. 22. Welty Correspondence, Box #2, Folder 3; Conversations with Eudora Welty in Jackson, 18 June and 16 September 1987. 23. 'A Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, 1986', interviewers Albert J. Devlin and Peggy Whitman Prenshaw, Mississippi Quarterly [Special Welty Issue] (Fall 1986), pp. 43(}"35. 24. Elizabeth Evans, op. cit., p. xii. 25. 'A Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, 1986', interviewers Albert J. Devlin and Peggy Whitman Prenshaw, op. cit., p. 440. 26. Welty Correspondence, Box #2, Folder 4; and Box #3 (uncalendared letters to John Robinson which can be dated fall, 1948 and spring, 1949 by internal evidence); Evans, op. cit., p. 16 27. Welty Correspondence, Box #3. Notes to Chapter 2 1. 'The Radiance of Jane Austen' in The Eye of the Story (New York, Random House, 1978), p. 6. 2. Images of the South: Visits with Eudora Welty and Walker Evans, Intro. by Bill Ferris, Southern Folklore Reports 1 (Memphis: Center for Southern Folklore, 1977), p. 13. 3. Ellen Moers, Literary Women (New York, Doubleday, 1976), pp. 42- 62. 4. Jane Marcus, paper presented at the Modem Language Association of America, 1982. 5. Virginia Woolf, A Room of One's Own (Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1965), p. 87. 6. Harold Bloom, The Anxiety ofInfluence (New York, Oxford University Press, 1973); for a feminist perspective on the problem of influence, see Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar, The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1979), pp. 1-70. 7. Bowen, The Tatler and Bystander (6 August 1947), p. 183. 8. See Sterling North, New York Post (18 April 1946); Isaac Rosenfeld, NOTES 171 The New Republic (29 April 1946); and an anonymous reviewer in The Providence Journal (14 April 1946). 9. Philip Fisher, Hard Facts (New York, Oxford, 1985), pp. 22-86. 10. The American Adam (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1955); The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America (New York, Oxford, 1978); and The Lay of the Land: Metaphor as Experience and History in American Life and Letters (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1975). 11. Nancy Armstrong, Desire and Domestic Fiction (New York, Oxford, 1987). 12. Leslie Fiedler, The Inadvertent Epic (New York, Simon and Schuster, 1979); Ann Douglas, The Feminization of American Culture (New York, Alfred Knopf, 1977); and Jane Tompkins, Sensational Designs: The Cultural Work of American Fiction (New York, Oxford University Press, 1985). 13. 'Is the Gaze Male?' in Ann Snitow et al. (eds), Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality (New York, Monthly Review Press, 1983), pp.309-25. 14. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty (New York, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), pp. 373-4. All further citations will be made with the abbreviation CS and page number in my text. 15. 'The Daughter's Seduction: Sexual Violence and Literary History', Signs (Summer, 1986),629-33. 16. Patricia Yaeger, '''Because a Fire Was in My Head": Eudora Welty and the Dialogic Imagination', Publications of the Modem Language Association (October 1984), pp. 955-73. 17. Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 16 September 1987. 18. Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 16 June 1987; Letter from Dale Mullen, 7 June 1937, Welty Correspondence, Box #1, Folder 2. 19. Edward Kessler, Flannery O'Connor and the Language of Apocalypse (Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1986), pp. 24-9. 20. Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 16 June 1987. 21. Diana Trilling, 'Fiction in Review', The Nation (22 September 1943); Bowen, op. cit. 22. Conversations with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 16 June and 16 September 1987; see also 'A Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, 1986', ed. Albert J. Devlin and Peggy Whitman Prenshaw, op. cit., pp. 436-7. 23. 'A Conversation with Eudora Welty', Devlin and Prenshaw, op. cit., p.447. 172 EUDORA WELTY 24. The Optimist's Daughter (New York, Random House, 1972), pp. 159-60. All subsequent references to this book will be in my text with the abbreviation OD and page number. Notes to Chapter 3 1. Erskine Caldwell and Margaret Bourke-White, You Have Seen Their Faces (New York, Viking Press, 1937); Dorothea Lange and Paul Taylor, An American Exodus (New York, Reynal and Hitchcock, 1939); Richard Wright and Edwin Rosskam, 12 Million Black Voices (New York, Viking Press, 1941); and James Agee and Walter Evans, Let Us Now Praise Famous Men (Boston, Houghton, Mifflin, 1941). 2. Julia Peterkin and Doris Ulmann, Roll Jordan, Roll (New York, R. O. Ballou, 1933). 3. One Time, One Place (New York, Random House, 1971), p. 6. All subsequent references to this book will be made in my text with the abbreviation OTOP and page number. 4. Wright and Rosskam, op. cit., p. 35. 5. 'Literature and the Lens', Vogue, 104 (1 August 1944), pp. 102-103. 6. A Writer's Beginnings, op. cit. 7. Robert Penn Warren 'The Love and Separateness in Miss Welty', Kenyon Review (Spring 1944), pp. 24Cr-59. 8. Ruth Vande Kieft, Eudora Welty, op. cit., p. 46. See this book for the first authoritative interpretations of Welty's short fiction to appear. The study was originally published in 1962. 9. Robert Penn Warren, 'The Love and Separateness in Miss Welty', op. cit pp. 24Cr-7. Notes to Chapter 4 1. Michael Kreyling, Eudora Welty's Achievement of Order (Baton Rouge, Louisiana State University Press, 1980), p. 55 2. Conversations with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 16 June and 16 September 1987. 3. 'Delta Wedding as Region and Symbol', Sewanee Review (Summer, 1952), pp. 397-417. 4. See R. W. B. Lewis, The American Adam (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1955); Leslie Fiedler, Love and Death in the American Novel (New York, Criterion, 1960); and Leo Marx, The Machine in the Garden (New York, Oxford, 1978). 5. See Philip Fisher, Hard Facts (New York, Oxford, 1985), pp. 3-86. NOTES 173 6. Vande Kieft (op. cit., p. 83) and Kreyling (op. cit., p. 61) have commented on the symbolic meaning of the name 'Shellmound'. Historical information can be found in the Mississippi Department of Archives and History in Jackson, where Annie H. Dixon presents a detailed history of the mound Welty placed in Delta Wedding, in File 610: 'Shellmound, Leflore County'. The geographical distribution of the mounds is discussed in the subject file 'Indian Mounds', which also includes an essay, 'Indian Mounds of Mississippi', explaining Choctaw legends concerning them. 7. Conversation with Eudora Welty, Jackson, Mississippi, 16 June 1987. 8. To the Lighthouse (New York, Harcourt Brace, 1927), p. 45. 9. G. S. Kirk, The Nature of Greek Myths (New York, Penguin Books, 1980), pp. 248-53; Jaan Puhvel, 'Eleuther and Oinoatis: Dyonysiac Data from Mycenaean Greece', in Emmett L. Bennett, Jr (ed.), Mycenaean Studies (Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1964), pp. 161-9; The Bacchae of Euripides, trans. G. S. Kirk (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1979), pp. 28, 81-3. 10. Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, trans. H. G. Evelyn-White (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1974), p. 457. II. Moers, Literary Women, op. cit., pp. 257-62. 12. C. Kerenyi, Eleusis: Archetypal Images of Mother and Daughter, trans. by Ralph Manheim (New York, Schocken Books, 1977), pp.