R&D and Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005

Benchmarking Innovation in Australian Enterprises

Produced by the Intellectual Property Research Institute of and the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research in collaboration with IP Australia and IBISWorld Pty Ltd

Editor: Nina Van Dyke

Disclaimer: The Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia, The University of Melbourne, gives no representation, makes no warranty, nor takes any responsibility as to the accuracy or completeness of any information contained herein and will not be liable in contract, tort, for negligence or otherwise for any loss or damage arising from reliance on any such information.

© 2005 The University of Melbourne, Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia

COPYRIGHT: All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the Publisher.

ISSN 1444-2639

Published by Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia, The University of Melbourne

Printed by xxxxxxxx

CONTENTS

Forewords ...... 3

Overall Innovation Index ...... 7

Individual Innovation Indicators Research & Development Rankings (by amount and intensity) ...... 10 Patent Application Ranking (by amount and intensity) ...... 12 Trade Mark Application Rankings (by amount and intensity)...... 14 Design Application Rankings (by amount and intensity) ...... 16

R&D Rankings and IP Applications for Public Entities and New Zealand Firms ...... 18

R&D and IP Applications by Industry Accomodation, Cafes & Restaurants...... 21 Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing ...... 21 Communication Services...... 21 Construction ...... 21 Cultural & Recreational Services...... 22 Electricity, Gas & Water Supply...... 23 Finance & ...... 23 Food, Beverage & Tobacco Manufacturing ...... 25 Health & Community Services...... 27 Machinery & Equipment Manufacturing ...... 27 Metal Product Manufacturing ...... 29 Mining ...... 29 Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing...... 30 Personal & Other Services ...... 30 Petroleum, Coal & Chemical Manufacturing...... 31 Printing, Publishing & Recorded Media ...... 32 Property & Business Services ...... 32 Retail Trade ...... 34 Textile, Clothing, Footwear & Leather Manufacturing ...... 36 Transport & Storage ...... 36 Wholesale Trade...... 37 Wood & Paper Product Manufacturing...... 40

Appendices Appendix One: Creating the R&D and Intellectural Property Scoreboard ...... 42 Appendix Two: Patents ...... 45 Appendix Three: Trade Marks ...... 48 Appendix Four: Designs...... 50 More Information ...... 52 Acknowledgements ...... 52 Collaborators ...... 52

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 2 FOREWORDS

On first sight, one could be despondent about Australia’s commitment to intellectual property and how to build it via innovation in the form of R&D, patents, trademarks and design applications. Indeed, a glance at R&D expenditure across the OECD nations shows how far down the pecking order we are.

Australia currently allocates around 3% of its GDP to R&D compared with around 4.3% of GDP by the OECD. R&D Expenditure Expenditure % of GDP, 2002

10

9

8

7 Universities 6

P

D

G 5

f

o 4

% 3 Government

2

1 Business 0 z y d y y k n a n A D t l i r lia i a n n a d NZ a C a UK a a a and a and a p w l r It US ea S ance eden r t n m r el Sw n m Sp s OE Ja r r n cel w o I Fr I Fi u Ca No S K A De Ge Source: OECD Source: DEST (2004)

Our higher education R&D (HERD) was above the OECD average of 0.4% of GDP in 2002, while government expenditure on R&D (GERD) was around 1.6% of GDP was just 70% of the OECD average. It is business expenditure on R&D (BERD) that is the most recalcitrant: in 2002, our 0.79% of GDP was half the OECD average.

Yet there are four trends that are encouraging. The first of these is the rising level of BERD as a percentage of GDP. Australia’s Business R&D (% of GDP)

1.2 1.1 nd 1 Tre 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Australia businesses are given 0.3 the 3rd highest tax break on R&D 0.2 spending in the OECD 0.1 0 1 1 0 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2 2013 2015 DEST & IBISWoSorurld c31e: /DE05/ST05

The level of spending has risen from 0.25% of GDP in the early eighties to over 0.8% in the mid noughties of this new Century.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 3 While it could take 15-20 years to match the current OECD average of 1.6% of GDP – with Australia’s level in 2005 of around half that level – we are on the rise; and hopefully we will close the gap much sooner.

The second trend is the increasing gap (premium) between the book value and the market value of shares in companies. Once 1.2 times book value decades ago, share are now around 2.4 times. On the Australian stock market, this suggests unrecorded intangibles (including intellectual property) of around $600 billion or more, which is far greater than the R&D spent by such listed companies over the past several decades. So, just maybe, we are underestimating just how much market-valued innovation is taking place.

The third phase that is encouraging is the globalization of Australia’s business.

Australia’s Overseas Investment Drive Overseas Investment % of Capital Accumulation (3-year moving average basis)

50

45 Forecast 2015 40

35

30 d t Tren

cen 25 r e P 20

15

10

5

0 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 16 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Year, ended June SoSouurcrece: :ABS/ ABS/IBIBISISWWoorlrdld

Overseas investment has risen from a lowly 5% of capital accumulation in the early 1980s to a trend level of around 25% in 2005, heading for a trend level of 35% in ten years time. World best practice is a condition of survival for such enterprising Australian firms, and they (and Australia at large) will garner a lot of intellectual property in the process.

And, finally, this year’s R&D and Intellectual Property Scoreboard report has some encouraging news. The average BERD across Australia was 0.37% of the nation’s $1.96 trillion private sector revenue in F2004. However, the level of the Top 50 BERD spending was 0.95%; nearly three times the national average.

One year of R&D of course should never be correlated to the profitability of a company. But 5 years can. Thirty of the Top 50 R&D spenders had such a time series. On a weighted basis, their spending on R&D over the five years was 1.19% of revenue or more than four times the national BERD average over the same 5 years of 0.26%. The weighted average return on shareholders funds after tax over the five years for these 30 companies was 17.1% compared with 7.7% for the nation’s Top 1000 enterprises; more than double.

All other things being equal, innovation pays.

Once again, this year’s Scoreboard provides fascinating statistics on innovation and its components. I commend it to the reader.

Phil Ruthven, Chairman IBISWorld Pty Ltd

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 4

FOREWORDS

First, I would like to congratulate Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited, Meat & Livestock Australia Limited, Dairy Australia Limited, Ainsworth Game Technology Limited and Epitan Limited for being the top five performers on the Innovation Index for 2004.

Over the past two years, we have experienced strong growth in the number of applications for IP rights in Australia. It is interesting to compare these general trends in IP right applications with the growth rate at the companies that appear in this report.

A comparison of patent application activity for the top 50 companies (by absolute amount) listed in this report, with the top 50 companies listed for 2003, indicates an increase of 4.7%. This is fairly close to the overall trend in patent applications, which saw a 5.7% increase in total patent applications, and a 5.8% increase in applications from Australian innovators over the same period. As can be seen from the chart below, Australian patent applications have seen a steady increase in recent years.

Patent applications, 1995 - 2004

25000

20000

15000

Standard Patents - total 10000 Standard Patents - Australian

5000

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

A similar comparison for trade marks indicates quite a different picture. A comparison of the top 50 companies (by absolute amount) listed in this report, with the top 50 companies listed for 2003, indicates an increase of 4.4%. However, total trade mark applications have increased by 18.4%, with a 20.8% increase in applications from Australians. What is encouraging is that while there is a healthy rate of growth at the top end of users, this is underpinned by a very strong rate of growth in trade mark activity in the wider Australian business community. This has been the trend for the past three years, following a sudden dip in 2001, which is generally attributed to a world wide economic slowdown.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 5 Trade mark applications, 1995 - 2004

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

Trade Marks - total 10000 Trade Marks - Australian

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

The situation for designs is different again. As expected, the new designs legislation leads to a growth in applications for designs, with an overall increase of 21.5% from the previous year, with a 14.2% increase for Australian applications. A comparison of the top 50 companies (by absolute amount) listed in this report, with the top 50 companies listed for 2003, indicates a surprisingly large increase of 86%. This appears largely due to a very significant number of applications by a small number of companies. The trend shown below for recent years is interesting, but I think that we need to monitor it over a few more years to better gauge the picture.

Design applications, 1995 - 2004

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

Designs - total 1000 Designs - Australian

0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

While there are encouraging trends in the way Australian businesses are using the IP system domestically, many businesses also want to use the IP systems in other countries to facilitate access to overseas markets. To assist in this area, the Australian Government is expanding its trade reform agenda beyond multilateral negotiations to Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). FTAs provide further opportunities for Australia to make substantial gains in timeframes not usually achievable in other fora.

Australia’s FTAs with Thailand and the United States came into effect in this year and the negotiations of further bilateral FTAs are underway with China, Malaysia and the United Arab Emirates. Negotiations for a plurilateral FTA encompassing Australia, the ASEAN countries and New Zealand has also begun.

Intellectual property provisions form an integral part of all the FTAs. Through them, Australia seeks to further harmonise the IP systems of our trading partners with that of the Australian IP system for the benefit of the Australian community. This will also provide greater certainty that our trading partners will offer strong and effective IP systems which should present Australian businesses with additional incentives for further trade and investments.

Dr Ian Heath Director General, IP Australia August 2005

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 6

Overall Innovation Index

The first table summarises a company's innovation performance into a single figure. It combines R&D spending, patent, trade mark and design applications with weightings that have been found to best predict a company's market value. The index also controls for firm size through dividing each indicator by the company's assets. It contains only Australian non-government enterprises that are included in the IBIS World Pty Ltd database for which R&D spending and assets are available. Further details of the methodology for calculating this index can be found in Appendix 1.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 7 INNOVATION INDEX R&D Trade 2003-04 Patent Mark Design Company name Index ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004 1. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited 100 10433 4 0 0 2. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 70 21909 10 12 0 3. Dairy Australia Limited 61 29954 0 0 0 4. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 52 8215 1 72 2 5. Epitan Limited 40 4791 0 0 0 6. Novogen Limited 34 8261 8 0 0 7. Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd 27 11153 6 0 0 8. Britax Childcare Pty Ltd 26 1709 3 1 0 9. IBA Health Limited 24 2409 2 0 0 10. Peptech Limited 24 10318 0 0 0 11 Ludowici Limited 22 515 6 4 1 12. Solution 6 Holdings Limited 21 33983 0 1 0 13. Limited 19 63408 30 35 1 14. Virotec International Limited 18 2253 0 0 0 15. Mincom Limited 17 15529 0 0 0 16. 17 0 0 19 0 17. Gale Pacific Limited 16 352 7 5 0 18. Technology One Limited 16 9547 0 0 0 19. Adacel Technologies Limited 15 7226 0 0 0 20. Limited 15 9433 0 0 0 21. Redflex Holdings Limited 15 2025 3 0 0 22. Mount Gibson Iron Limited 14 9228 0 0 0 23. 14 44452 0 3 0 24. MYOB Limited 14 12157 0 12 0 25. SDS Corporation Limited 13 79 4 0 2 26. Varian Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 13 12228 0 0 0 27. Vision Systems Limited 13 12751 11 3 3 28. Robert Bosch (Australia) Pty Ltd 11 58636 2 1 0 29. Hills Industries Limited 10 2250 11 37 24 30. Silex Systems Limited 9 4827 0 0 0 31. Holden Ltd 8 313349 0 3 106 32. GUD Holdings Limited 8 2295 4 19 13 33. ResMed Holdings Limited 8 26110 0 9 14 34. Hansen Technologies Limited 8 0 0 1 24 35. Reckon Limited 8 2048 0 0 0 36. Pro Medicus Limited 8 755 0 1 0 37. Eli Lilly Australia Pty Limited 7 14323 0 0 0 38. Alcatel Australia Limited 7 22985 0 0 0 39. MaxiTRANS Industries Limited 7 438 2 7 0 40. ARB Corporation Ltd 7 1484 1 2 4 41. Albright & Wilson (Australia) Limited 6 750 2 0 0 42. Keith Harns & Co Ltd 6 156 0 5 0 43. Ventracor Limited 6 3578 0 2 2 44. Avatar Industries Limited 6 136 1 5 7 45. 3M Australia Pty Limited 6 10849 0 0 0 46. GSA Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd 6 195 2 4 0 47. Effem Foods Pty Limited 6 4338 0 89 2 48. Keycorp Limited 6 10971 0 0 0 49. Cerebos (Australia) Limited 6 2356 0 6 4 50. Codan Limited 5 6657 0 0 0 Notes: The innovation index incorporates a company’s R&D, patent, trade mark and design applications into a single figure. It is applied to Australian non-government firms in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd enterprise database, which covers firms with more than $50M annual revenue. The indicator controls for firm size by dividing each indicator by the value of a firm’s assets (e.g. R&D/total assets). The methodology for calculating the innovation index was developed in collaboration with Professor Bosworth of UMIST in Britain. See Appendix One for how the Index was created. It includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 8

Individual Innovation Indicator Ratings

The next tables give the ratings on each of the individual indicators of a company's innovation performance (R&D spending, patents, trade mark and design applications) both as absolute values and as intensities through dividing by the company's total revenues. They contain only Australian non-government enterprises included in the IBIS World Pty Ltd database for which R&D spending and total revenues are available.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 9

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (RANK BY ABSOLUTE AMOUNT; $ '000s) Company name 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01 1999-00 1. Holden Ltd 313,349 227,203 190,464 149,293 na 2. CSL Limited 101,188 91,529 93,277 81,208 43,594 3. Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited 78,463 92,707 124,398 98,554 66,584 4. Aristocrat Leisure Limited 63,408 65,029 54,946 38,931 34,064 5. Robert Bosch (Australia) Pty Ltd 58,636 42,528 na na 24,000 6. Limited 46,400 44,800 36,000 15,000 19,700 7. Cochlear Limited 44,452 37,030 42,977 27,742 20,207 8. Mayne Group Limited 44,000 na na na na 9. Limited 41,100 na 35,500 41,591 30,779 10. GlaxoSmithKline Holdings Pty Ltd 38,573 16,334 na na na 11 Solution 6 Holdings Limited 33,983 43,160 33,636 na 46,454 12. NV 32,600 32,200 27,500 26,100 na 13. Plc - Rio Tinto Limited 30,000 33,000 75,000 67,000 93,000 14. Limited 30,000 27,600 39,600 43,300 43,900 15. Dairy Australia Limited 29,954 na na na na 16. BHP Billiton Limited 28,000 60,000 46,000 35,000 270,462 17. OneSteel Limited 26,800 8,900 7,100 na 3,231 18. ResMed Holdings Limited 26,110 24,593 27,810 15,262 10,702 19. Corporation Limited 26,000 41,000 28,000 29,000 29,000 20. Alcatel Australia Limited 22,985 66,119 52,789 79,461 63,528 21. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 21,909 na na na na 22. BlueScope Steel Limited 19,600 15,500 15,600 na na 23. Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd 19,414 17,943 13,181 na na 24. Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited 19,295 na na 4,754 na 25. Unilever Australia (Holdings) Proprietary Limited 17,694 13,446 10,857 11,096 8,054 26. Mincom Limited 15,529 12,632 12,895 17,222 na 27. Eli Lilly Australia Pty Limited 14,323 10,151 8,733 8,898 na 28. Burns, Philp & Company Limited 14,200 8,700 5,800 7,000 7,300 29. Futuris Corporation Limited 14,186 21,774 7,156 na na 30. ERG Limited 13,524 16,956 23,177 46,315 58,415 31. Citect Corporation Limited 13,523 3,900 6,490 na 4,255 32. Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia) Pty Limited 13,348 7,113 9,237 na 7,579 33. Pacifica Group Limited 12,965 15,700 11,026 8,416 7,572 34. Vision Systems Limited 12,751 16,690 6,442 20,669 3,383 35. Alcoa of Australia Limited 12,700 13,500 12,900 12,400 12,000 36. Limited 12,600 12,800 17,000 23,900 38,800 37. Varian Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 12,228 12,192 10,781 8,999 8,281 38. MYOB Limited 12,157 14,264 na na na 39. Qenos Holdings Pty Ltd 11,167 na na na na 40. Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd 11,153 9,652 10,589 13,281 10,753 41. Keycorp Limited 10,971 9,440 14,625 29,864 20,616 42. 3M Australia Pty Limited 10,849 9,210 7,882 10,484 11,379 43. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited 10,433 na na na na 44. Peptech Limited 10,318 na na na na 45. Arnotts Biscuits Holdings Pty Limited 9,784 6,449 na na na 46. Technology One Limited 9,547 na 8,135 na na 47. Altium Limited 9,433 7,031 6,481 3,812 na 48. Mount Gibson Iron Limited 9,228 na na na na 49. Johnson & Johnson Pty Limited 9,074 12,477 10,155 11,270 26,488 50. RB Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 8,830 9,578 8,435 na na

Note: Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 10

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (RANKED BY INTENSITY) R&D Intensity Company name 2003-04 2002-03 2001-02 2000-01 1999-00 1. Epitan Limited 1349.6% - - - - 2. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited 370.1% - - - - 3. Chemeq Limited 250.2% - - - - 4. Peptech Limited 225.9% - - - - 5. Silex Systems Limited 217.2% - - - - 6. Ventracor Limited 124.4% - - - - 7. Virotec International Limited 121.5% - - - - 8. Mount Gibson Iron Limited 63.8% - - - - 9. Novogen Limited 50.2% - - - - 10. Dairy Australia Limited 38.1% - - - - 11 Altium Limited 23.2% 15.0% 12.4% 6.6% - 12. Citect Corporation Limited 22.9% 6.4% 13.6% - 8.6% 13. Solution 6 Holdings Limited 18.9% 17.9% 10.3% - 24.0% 14. Technology One Limited 18.5% - 17.2% - - 15. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 16.0% - - - - 16. Genetic Technologies Limited 15.9% - - - - 17. Cochlear Limited 15.6% 12.8% 16.8% 12.5% 13.8% 18. MYOB Limited 13.5% 18.6% - - - 19. Mines Limited 13.4% - - - - 20. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 12.8% - - - - 21. Adacel Technologies Limited 12.5% 6.9% 9.7% 17.7% - 22. Keycorp Limited 10.8% 9.1% 12.1% 26.6% 13.0% 23. Mincom Limited 10.3% 7.5% 6.2% 9.0% - 24. IBA Health Limited 10.2% - - - - 25. Varian Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 10.1% 9.5% 8.2% 7.7% 8.5% 26. Vision Systems Limited 9.0% 11.7% 4.0% 6.9% 1.7% 27. Pro Medicus Limited 9.0% - - - - 28. ResMed Holdings Limited 8.6% 8.7% 9.8% 7.3% - 29. Reckon Limited 8.3% - - - - 30. Aristocrat Leisure Limited 6.4% 6.7% 7.1% 7.1% 6.1% 31. Robert Bosch (Australia) Pty Ltd 6.1% 4.9% - - 3.7% 32. Redflex Holdings Limited 6.1% - - - - 33. Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd 6.1% 6.4% 7.5% 8.5% 8.5% 34. CSL Limited 5.5% 7.0% 6.9% 9.5% 8.6% 35. ANCA Pty Ltd 5.4% 7.1% - - - 36. Britax Childcare Pty Ltd 5.3% - - - 2.9% 37. Alcatel Australia Limited 5.2% 17.4% 8.8% 11.7% 10.4% 38. ERG Limited 5.1% 5.2% 7.7% 15.4% 14.1% 39. Holden Ltd 4.9% 3.4% 3.3% 3.1% - 40. Infomedia Ltd 4.9% 3.3% 2.1% - - 41. Codan Limited 4.8% 5.5% 1.1% - - 42. SMEC Holdings Limited 4.4% 3.8% - - - 43. Computershare Limited 4.3% - 4.5% 5.5% 7.5% 44. Eli Lilly Australia Pty Limited 4.0% 3.1% 2.7% 3.2% - 45. GlaxoSmithKline Holdings Pty Ltd 3.3% 2.9% - - - 46. Thales Underwater Systems Pty Limited 3.3% 7.5% - 3.5% 1.4% 47. Hamsdale Australia Pty Ltd 3.3% 2.9% 0.8% - - 48. Australian Bakels (Pty) Limited 3.0% 3.0% - - - 49. 3M Australia Pty Limited 2.8% 2.4% 2.2% 3.0% 3.3% 50. Akzo Nobel Industries Limited 2.7% 2.8% 2.9% - - Notes: R&D intensity is the ratio of R&D expenditure to total revenue. This table includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 11

PATENT APPLICATIONS 2004 (RANKED BY ABSOLUTE AMOUNT)

Company name 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

1. BlueScope Steel Limited 51 2 0 0 0 2. Aristocrat Leisure Limited 30 18 8 47 21 3. BHP Billiton Limited 29 32 15 33 28 4. Vision Systems Limited 11 3 3 5 2 5. Hills Industries Limited 11 2 1 3 6 6. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 10 0 2 0 1 7. Orbital Corporation Limited 9 1 4 11 10 8. GWA International Limited 8 9 4 5 5 9. Novogen Limited 8 0 0 0 0 10. Gale Pacific Limited 7 2 2 2 0 11 Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd 6 4 14 2 9 12. Downer EDI Limited 6 3 0 0 0 13. Ludowici Limited 6 1 0 3 2 14. George Weston Foods Limited 6 1 0 0 0 15. Orica Limited 5 5 11 7 16 16. Limited 5 2 5 7 4 17. Mayne Group Limited 5 2 2 0 0 18. Bradnam's Windows & Doors Pty Ltd 5 1 0 0 0 19. HPM Industries Pty Ltd 4 4 0 0 0 20. GUD Holdings Limited 4 3 7 4 3 21. Crane Group Limited 4 2 3 1 2 22. Limited 4 1 0 0 0 23. SDS Corporation Limited 4 0 3 0 0 24. Limited 4 0 1 0 1 25. Powercor Australia Ltd 4 0 1 0 0 26. Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited 4 0 0 1 4 27. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited 4 0 0 0 0 28. Pacific National Pty Ltd 4 0 0 0 0 29. Britax Childcare Pty Ltd 3 2 0 7 0 30. Sydney Water Corporation Limited 3 1 1 0 1 31. Barclay Mowlem Limited 3 1 0 0 0 32. RLM Systems Pty Limited 3 0 2 3 1 33. Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited 3 0 0 0 0 34. D & B Australasia Pty Limited 3 0 0 0 0 35. Goodstone International Pty Ltd 3 0 0 0 0 36. ION Limited 3 0 0 0 0 37. Redflex Holdings Limited 3 0 0 0 0 38. Heggies Bulkhaul Limited 2 9 0 0 0 39. Robert Bosch (Australia) Pty Ltd 2 8 0 0 0 40. MaxiTRANS Industries Limited 2 3 0 0 0 41. OneSteel Limited 2 2 1 0 0 42. Publishing and Broadcasting Limited 2 2 0 1 0 43. P&O Australia Ltd 2 2 0 0 0 44. 2 1 0 0 1 45. Hatch Associates Pty Ltd 2 0 5 0 0 46. GSA Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd 2 0 0 2 1 47. National Can Industries Limited 2 0 0 0 5 48. Albright & Wilson (Australia) Limited 2 0 0 0 1 49. FCL Interstate Transport Services Pty Ltd 2 0 0 0 1 50. Limited 2 0 0 0 0 Note: Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database. See Appendix Two for details of the patent process.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 12 PATENT APPLICATIONS 2004 (RANKED BY INTENSITY) Patent Intensity Company name 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1. Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited 1.419 - - - - 2. Orbital Corporation Limited 0.537 0.022 0.077 0.178 0.162 3. Novogen Limited 0.486 - - - - 4. Britax Childcare Pty Ltd 0.093 0.046 - 0.162 - 5. Redflex Holdings Limited 0.090 - - - - 6. IBA Health Limited 0.085 - - - - 7. Vision Systems Limited 0.078 0.021 0.019 0.017 0.007 8. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 0.073 - 0.018 - 0.010 9. Health Communication Network Limited 0.067 - - - - 10. Gale Pacific Limited 0.066 0.024 0.036 - - 11 Ludowici Limited 0.064 0.010 - 0.033 0.022 12. Bradnam's Windows & Doors Pty Ltd 0.055 0.011 - - - 13. D & B Australasia Pty Limited 0.051 - - - - 14. Pacific Hydro Limited 0.051 - - - - 15. SDS Corporation Limited 0.046 - 0.066 - - 16. Packer Associated Tanners Pty Ltd 0.033 - - 0.035 0.035 17. Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd 0.033 0.027 0.099 0.013 0.058 18. RLM Systems Pty Limited 0.032 - 0.020 0.021 0.007 19. Aristocrat Leisure Limited 0.030 0.018 0.010 0.086 0.038 20. Goodstone International Pty Ltd 0.029 - - - - 21. Triako Resources Limited 0.027 - - - - 22. HPM Industries Pty Ltd 0.021 0.022 - - - 23. Television & Media Services Limited 0.018 - - - - 24. Albright & Wilson (Australia) Limited 0.018 - - - - 25. Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited 0.017 - - 0.006 0.025 26. Heggies Bulkhaul Limited 0.017 0.072 - - - 27. Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard Pty Ltd 0.016 - - - - 28. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 0.016 - - - - 29. D J Motors Pty Ltd 0.015 - - - - 30. Hills Industries Limited 0.015 0.003 0.002 0.006 0.012 31. CTI Logistics Limited 0.013 - - - - 32. FCL Interstate Transport Services Pty Ltd 0.013 - - - 0.008 33. Austal Limited 0.013 - 0.003 - 0.005 34. Pirelli Telecom Cables & Systems Australia Pty Limited 0.013 - 0.005 0.003 - 35. MaxiTRANS Industries Limited 0.012 0.025 - - - 36. Shinagawa Refractories Australasia Pty Ltd 0.012 - - - - 37. GWA International Limited 0.012 0.014 0.006 0.009 0.009 38. GSA Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd 0.012 - - 0.018 0.009 39. National Can Industries Limited 0.011 - - - 0.028 40. Hatch Associates Pty Ltd 0.011 - 0.029 - - 41. A W Edwards Pty Limited 0.011 - - - - 42. GUD Holdings Limited 0.010 0.008 0.018 0.012 0.009 43. ARB Corporation Ltd 0.010 0.011 - - - 44. BlueScope Steel Limited 0.009 0.000 - - - 45. Avatar Industries Limited 0.007 0.014 - - - 46. Powercor Australia Ltd 0.007 - 0.001 - - 47. Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited 0.007 - - - - 48. Steamships Trading Company Limited 0.006 - - - - 49. Tetra Pak Manufacturing Pty Limited 0.006 - - - - 50. Gazal Corporation Limited 0.005 - - - - Notes: Patent intensity is the number of patents per $m of total revenue. Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 13 TRADE MARK APPLICATIONS 2004 (RANKED BY ABSOLUTE AMOUNT)

Company name 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

1. Foster's Group Limited 153 94 113 73 83 2. Coles Myer Ltd 99 107 65 78 77 3. Effem Foods Pty Limited 89 88 115 148 143 4. CSR Limited 76 29 15 36 35 5. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 72 53 23 0 0 6. Telstra Corporation Limited 71 105 35 51 122 7. Publishing and Broadcasting Limited 64 75 71 85 66 8. BlueScope Steel Limited 59 39 0 0 0 9. of Australia 58 24 32 80 53 10. Orica Limited 56 43 28 60 59 11 Woolworths Limited 48 58 63 41 50 12. GWA International Limited 44 34 19 26 25 Australia and New Zealand Banking Group 13. Limited 43 15 19 22 33 14. Burns, Philp & Company Limited 41 33 0 0 1 15. Limited 41 32 18 11 29 16. Bradnam's Windows & Doors Pty Ltd 39 3 4 8 1 17. Hills Industries Limited 37 37 23 20 12 18. Origin Energy Limited 37 26 50 24 33 19. Southcorp Limited 37 23 36 27 50 20. IGT (Australia) Pty Ltd 35 60 65 0 0 21. Aristocrat Leisure Limited 35 59 90 108 61 22. Trading Limited 35 39 43 46 6 23. McGuigan Simeon Wines Limited 33 7 3 1 1 24. Hardy Wine Company Limited 30 14 18 13 20 25. Village Roadshow Limited 26 25 33 17 8 26. Foodland Associated Limited 26 18 4 6 0 27. Amcor Limited 25 27 27 15 19 28. Singtel Optus Pty Limited 25 17 26 35 55 29. Adelaide Brighton Ltd 25 13 24 2 5 30. APN News & Media Limited 25 7 6 19 16 31. Macquarie Bank Limited 24 11 17 9 8 32. Berri Limited 22 25 3 14 7 33. Arrow Pharmaceuticals Limited 22 24 6 0 0 34. HomeLeisure Limited 21 6 2 0 0 35. Housewares International Limited 20 21 12 8 1 36. Virgin Blue Holdings Limited 20 4 0 0 0 37. GUD Holdings Limited 19 30 8 11 14 38. Australian Gas Light Company 19 10 0 1 1 39. CPI Group Limited 19 0 4 1 3 40. SEEK Limited 19 0 0 0 0 41. BHP Billiton Limited 18 27 72 69 109 42. Alphapharm Pty Limited 18 18 42 6 24 43. Austrim Nylex Limited 18 7 6 4 6 44. New Zealand Milk (Australasia) Pty Ltd 18 5 0 0 0 45. ING Australia Limited 18 4 8 16 15 46. Bank of Western Australia Ltd 17 7 15 14 4 47. Limited 16 15 14 0 0 48. Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited 16 9 8 3 2 49. Amatek Industries Pty Limited 16 6 17 18 10 50. iiNet Limited 16 1 3 0 1 Notes: Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database. See Appendix Three for details of the trade mark process.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 14

TRADE MARK APPLICATIONS 2004 (RANKED BY INTENSITY) Trade Mark Intensity Company name 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1. Tiger International Limited 16.026 - - - - 2. Australian Cancer Technology Limited 4.728 - - - - 3. Aeris Technologies Ltd 1.752 - - - - 4. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 1.123 - - - - 5. 1.042 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.001 6. Australian Mines Limited 0.979 - - - - 7. Visiomed Group Limited 0.897 - - - - 8. IGT (Australia) Pty Ltd 0.700 1.154 1.300 - - 9. Ventracor Limited 0.695 - 1.214 - - 10. SEEK Limited 0.465 - - - - 11 Bradnam's Windows & Doors Pty Ltd 0.429 0.033 0.045 0.096 0.012 12. Standards Australia International Limited 0.294 0.059 0.093 0.043 - 13. Treasury Group Limited 0.293 0.085 - - - 14. ChemGenex Pharmaceuticals Ltd 0.278 0.576 - - - 15. Livingstone International Pty Limited 0.276 - - - - 16. KIP McGrath Education Centres Limited 0.268 - - - - 17. HomeLeisure Limited 0.236 0.088 - - - 18. Absolute Capital Limited 0.225 - - - - 19. Australian Outback Travel Company Pty Ltd 0.200 - - - - 20. Keith Harns & Co Ltd 0.190 - - - - 21. iiNet Limited 0.168 0.025 - - - 22. National Rugby League Limited 0.167 - - - - 23. Darrell Lea Chocolate Shops Pty Ltd 0.158 - - - - 24. Drivetrain Australia Pty Ltd 0.150 - - - - 25. MQF Pty Limited 0.149 0.084 - 0.014 0.007 26. DMG Radio Investments Pty Ltd 0.147 0.111 0.270 0.961 - 27. Hunter Hall International Limited 0.138 - - - - 28. MYOB Limited 0.133 0.078 0.164 0.098 0.041 29. NetComm Limited 0.126 - - - - 30. Pro Medicus Limited 0.119 - - - - 31. Thorn Asia-Pacific Holdings Pty Limited 0.116 0.021 0.042 - - 32. Forest Enterprises Australia Limited 0.108 - - - - 33. Realestate.com.au Limited 0.104 0.105 - - - 34. Masterton Homes Pty Limited 0.102 - - - - 35. Retail Holdings Pty Ltd 0.098 0.152 - - - 36. Hunter Douglas Holdings Limited 0.097 0.032 - - - 37. Canning Vale Weaving Mills Limited 0.093 0.095 0.087 - - 38. Bakers Delight Holdings Ltd 0.092 0.026 0.039 - - 39. OrotonGroup Limited 0.091 0.195 0.070 0.015 0.015 40. Interlink Commercial Furniture Pty Limited 0.089 0.059 - - 0.014 41. Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 0.088 0.121 0.081 0.080 0.050 42. Lighting Corporation Limited 0.087 - 0.158 - 0.047 43. NSW Teachers Credit Union Ltd 0.087 - - - - 44. Merino Pty Ltd 0.087 - 0.012 0.024 0.083 45. SGS Australia Holdings Pty Ltd 0.086 0.017 - - - 46. Dalton Packaging Pty Limited 0.086 0.013 0.013 - 0.027 47. Westralia Airports Corporation Pty Ltd 0.086 - - - - 48. Manly-Warringah Rugby League Club Ltd 0.085 - - - - 49. Irymple Packing Proprietary Limited 0.084 0.010 - 0.011 0.011 50. McGuigan Simeon Wines Limited 0.084 0.024 0.030 0.012 0.012 Notes: Trade mark intensity is the number of trade marks per $ million of total revenues. Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 15

DESIGN APPLICATIONS 2004 (RANKED BY ABSOLUTE AMOUNT)

Company name 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

1. Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited 119 5 9 8 8 2. Holden Ltd 106 77 54 125 41 3. GWA International Limited 44 14 17 35 18 4. Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Limited 44 0 0 14 0 5. Decor Corporation Pty Ltd 38 20 0 0 0 6. Smorgon Steel Group Ltd 25 1 0 0 0 7. Hills Industries Limited 24 11 9 7 15 8. Hansen Technologies Limited 24 0 0 0 0 9. HPM Industries Pty Ltd 17 17 17 0 0 10. Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited 14 14 21 0 4 11 ResMed Holdings Limited 14 0 1 5 4 12. GUD Holdings Limited 13 8 11 15 22 13. Amcor Limited 13 4 3 9 9 14. James Hardie Industries NV 11 1 0 1 7 15. Avatar Industries Limited 7 7 0 0 0 16. Skilled Engineering Limited 7 1 1 0 0 17. BlueScope Steel Limited 6 7 0 0 0 18. Foster's Group Limited 6 2 1 0 2 19. Crane Group Limited 5 15 8 2 6 20. Arrowcrest Group Pty Ltd 5 4 4 3 2 21. Spotless Group Limited 5 0 0 5 0 22. Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 5 0 0 0 0 23. OneSteel Limited 4 0 12 0 0 24. Origin Energy Limited 4 0 0 3 3 25. Cerebos (Australia) Limited 4 0 0 1 0 26. ARB Corporation Ltd 4 0 0 0 0 27. Housewares International Limited 3 20 9 0 0 28. Huhtamaki Holdings Pty Limited 3 14 1 0 7 29. Vision Systems Limited 3 1 2 1 0 30. G James Australia Pty Ltd 3 0 3 0 0 31. Aviva Australia Holdings Ltd 3 0 0 0 0 32. Hunter Douglas Holdings Limited 3 0 0 0 0 33. Sandvik Tamrock Pty Ltd 3 0 0 0 0 34. Capral Aluminium Limited 2 16 0 2 0 35. Ventracor Limited 2 2 2 0 0 36. Effem Foods Pty Limited 2 2 1 1 0 37. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 2 1 1 0 0 38. BHP Billiton Limited 2 0 44 27 9 39. CSR Limited 2 0 0 0 2 40. Clough Limited 2 0 0 0 0 41. PZ Cussons (Holdings) Pty Ltd 2 0 0 0 0 42. Pacific National Pty Ltd 2 0 0 0 0 43. PaperlinX Limited 2 0 0 0 0 44. Staff Credit Union Limited 2 0 0 0 0 45. Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) Ltd 2 0 0 0 0 46. SDS Corporation Limited 2 0 0 0 0 47. National Can Industries Limited 1 4 1 0 0 48. Ludowici Limited 1 3 0 1 0 49. Amatek Industries Pty Limited 1 2 5 1 3 50. Macquarie Bank Limited 1 2 0 0 0 Notes: Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database. See Appendix Four for details of the designs process.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 16

DESIGN APPLICATIONS 2004 (RANKED BY INTENSITY) Design Intensity Company name 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1. Ventracor Limited 0.695 0.378 0.607 - - 2. Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Limited 0.564 - - - - 3. Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited 0.507 0.034 - 0.050 0.050 4. Hansen Technologies Limited 0.451 - - - - 5. Decor Corporation Pty Ltd 0.239 0.129 - - - 6. HPM Industries Pty Ltd 0.089 0.092 0.094 - - 7. GWA International Limited 0.065 0.021 0.028 0.061 0.032 8. Avatar Industries Limited 0.049 0.049 - - - 9. ResMed Holdings Limited 0.046 - 0.004 0.024 0.019 10. Carrington Cotton Corporation Limited 0.041 - - - - 11. ARB Corporation Ltd 0.039 - - - - 12. Packer Associated Tanners Pty Ltd 0.033 - - 0.070 0.070 13. Hills Industries Limited 0.033 0.016 0.015 0.014 0.030 14. GUD Holdings Limited 0.033 0.021 0.028 0.044 0.064 15. Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 0.031 - - - - 16. Hunter Douglas Holdings Limited 0.029 - - - - 17. Cerebos (Australia) Limited 0.026 - - 0.006 - 18. Qantas Staff Credit Union Limited 0.025 - - - - 19. SDS Corporation Limited 0.023 - - - - 20. Vision Systems Limited 0.021 0.007 0.012 0.003 - 21. Sandvik Tamrock Pty Ltd 0.019 - - - - 22. KRONE (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited 0.018 - - - - 23. Arrowcrest Group Pty Ltd 0.017 0.014 0.013 0.011 0.007 24. D & B Australasia Pty Limited 0.017 - - - - 25. Holden Ltd 0.017 0.012 0.009 0.026 0.008 26. Huhtamaki Holdings Pty Limited 0.015 0.070 0.005 - 0.050 27. Australian Energy Limited 0.014 - - - - 28. CTI Logistics Limited 0.013 - - - - 29. PZ Cussons (Holdings) Pty Ltd 0.012 - - - - 30. Plaspak Group Limited 0.012 - 0.012 - - 31. Bradnam's Windows & Doors Pty Ltd 0.011 - 0.011 - - 32. Ludowici Limited 0.011 0.030 - 0.011 - 33. Skilled Engineering Limited 0.010 0.002 0.002 - - 34. Smorgon Steel Group Ltd 0.009 0.000 - - - 35. James Hardie Industries NV 0.008 0.001 - 0.001 0.007 36. G James Australia Pty Ltd 0.007 - 0.011 - - 37. FCL Interstate Transport Services Pty Ltd 0.007 - - - - 38. Housewares International Limited 0.007 0.044 0.024 - - 39. Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) Ltd 0.006 - - - - 40. National Can Industries Limited 0.005 0.020 0.005 - - 41. Racing Victoria Limited 0.005 - - - - 42. Capral Aluminium Limited 0.005 0.034 - 0.002 - 43. Aviva Australia Holdings Ltd 0.005 - - - - 44. Funtastic Limited 0.004 - 0.042 - - 45. Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited 0.004 0.004 0.007 - 0.001 46. Clough Limited 0.003 - - - - 47. McGuigan Simeon Wines Limited 0.003 - - - - 48. Crane Group Limited 0.002 0.008 0.005 0.001 0.004 49. Spotless Group Limited 0.002 - - 0.003 - 50. Danks Holdings Limited 0.002 - - - - Notes: Design intensity is the number of designs per $ million of total revenues. Includes only Australian non-government enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 17

Innovation Indicators by Industry Sector

The final tables list innovative firms in each industry sector. Except for the second table, which comprises only New Zealand enterprises, the tables include only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 18

R&D AND IP: GOVERNMENT FIRMS (RANKED BY R&D 2003-04) Trade R&D R&D Patent Mark Design 2003-04 2002-03 2004 2004 2004 Company name ($'000s) ($'000s) 1. Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation 909,759 na 115 24 0 2. University of Sydney 365,904 338,800 25 5 0 3. University of Melbourne 363,000 325,000 29 3 0 4. University of Western Australia 200,000 na 10 20 0 5. University of 144,977 132,378 1 4 0 6. Griffith University 95,031 83,559 8 5 0 7. Horticulture Australia Limited 51,303 na 0 4 0 8. Swinburne University of Technology 46,855 na 3 7 0 9. Murdoch University 33,139 na 4 0 0 10. University of Queensland 27,764 na 52 4 0 11. Queensland University of Technology 23,737 na 11 1 0 12. James Cook University 20,146 na 3 3 0 13. Southern Health 4,630 4,491 0 0 0 14. Water Corporation 3,484 3,902 0 3 0 15. Forestry Tasmania 2,740 na 0 0 0 16. Melbourne Water Corporation 1,790 2,482 0 1 0 17. New South Wales Lotteries Corporation 1,743 916 0 0 0 18. Curtin University of Technology 1,538 na 10 3 0 19. Western Australian Centre for Pathology & Medical Research 1,005 na 0 0 0 20. Women's & Children's Hospital Adelaide 614 na 2 0 0 21. Lotteries Commission of Western Australia 391 438 0 0 0 22. Northern Melbourne Institute of Technical and Further Education 252 na 0 0 0 23. Illawarra Area Health Service 235 321 0 0 0 24. Council of the City of Sydney 82 55 0 0 0 Note: Includes only Australian government enterprises with R&D cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 19

R&D AND IP: NEW ZEALAND FIRMS (RANKED BY R&D 2003-04)

Trade R&D R&D Patent Mark Design 2003-04 2002-03 2004 2004 2004 Company name ($'000s) ($'000s) 1. Fonterra Co-operative Group Limited 32,000 68,000 0 0 0 2. Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Corporation Limited 14,115 11,535 0 0 0 3. Fisher & Paykel Appliances Holdings Limited 13,591 11,817 0 0 0 4. Telecom Corporation of New Zealand Limited 10,000 7,000 1 0 0 5. Carter Holt Harvey Limited 8,000 6,000 0 5 0 6. Auckland District Health Board 5,326 5,302 0 0 0 7. Wrightson Limited 4,116 3,708 0 0 0 8. Accident Compensation Corporation 3,200 na 0 0 0 9. Limited 1,000 2,000 0 7 10 10. Scott Technology Limited 770 na 0 0 0 11. Vector Limited 437 238 0 0 0 12. Orion New Zealand Limited 348 17 0 3 0 13. Landcorp Farming Limited 310 na 0 0 0 14. Richmond Limited 252 283 0 0 0 15. New Zealand Post Limited 74 269 0 0 0 16. University of Canterbury na 10171 0 0 0 Notes: Includes only New Zealand enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database. Only patents, trade marks and designs lodged with IP Australia are included.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 20

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) R&D Trade 2003-04 Patent Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants 21st Century Resorts Holdings Pty Limited 2 AAPC Limited 8 Compass Group (Australia) Pty Ltd 2 Manly-Warringah Rugby League Club Ltd 2

Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing Australian Agricultural Company Limited 244 0 1 0 Australian Plantation Timber Limited 217 0 0 0 Carrington Cotton Corporation Pty Ltd 0 0 1 East African Coffee Plantations Limited 0 1 0 Farm Pride Foods Limited 0 2 0 Forest Enterprises Australia Limited 0 6 0 Forestry Tasmania 2740 0 0 0 Great Southern Plantations Limited 181 0 4 0 Hancock Victorian Plantations Holdings Pty Limited 558 0 0 0 M G Kailis Holdings Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Paspaley Pearling Company Pty Limited 0 0 44 Queensland Cotton Holdings Limited 1 0 0 Select Harvests Limited 0 3 0 Timbercorp Limited 0 4 0

Communication Services Australian Postal Corporation 0 3 3 DHL International (Aust) Pty Limited 0 3 0 First Data Resources Australia Limited 0 3 0 Macquarie Telecom Group Limited 0 5 0 PowerTel Limited 0 3 0 Primus Telecommunications (Australia) Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Primus Telecommunications Pty Limited + (Australia) Pty Limited 0 1 0 Singtel Optus Pty Limited 0 25 0 Telstra Corporation Limited 26000 0 71 0 Vodafone Australia Limited 0 4 0 iiNet Limited 0 16 0

Construction A W Baulderstone Holdings Pty Ltd 0 6 0 A W Edwards Pty Limited 2 0 0 AVJennings Homes Limited 0 1 0 BGC (Australia) Pty Ltd 0 2 0 CPG Australia Pty Limited 0 3 0 Clough Limited 6100 1 2 2 Cordukes Limited 0 1 0 Devine Limited 0 4 0 Downer EDI Limited 6 4 0 Hickinbotham Holdings Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Home Australia Pty Ltd 0 4 0 L E D Builders Pty Ltd 0 4 0 Leighton Holdings Limited 0 4 0 Masterton Homes Pty Limited 0 10 0 Matrix Group (Aust) Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 21

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D Trade 2003-04 Patent Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Construction (continued) McConnell Dowell Corporation Limited 1 0 0 Pioneer Road Services Pty Ltd 499 0 0 0 Programmed Maintenance Services Limited 1 0 0 Roads and Traffic Authority of New South Wales 2 2 0 Tamawood Limited 0 0 0 0 Walton Construction Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Watpac Limited 0 3 0

Cultural & Recreational Services AAV Limited 0 2 0 Amalgamated Holdings Limited 0 3 0 Austar United Communications Limited 1 7 0 Australia Council 0 4 0 Australian Broadcasting Corporation 0 11 0 Australian Sports Commission 0 18 0 Beyond International Limited 0 7 0 Cricket Australia 0 2 0 DMG Radio Investments Pty Ltd 0 15 0 Golden Casket Lottery Corporation Limited 2 5 0 International All Sports Limited 0 1 0 Library Council of New South Wales 1 0 0 Lotteries Commission of South Australia 0 1 0 Lotteries Commission of Western Australia 391 0 0 0 Mulawa Holdings Pty Limited 0 2 0 National Library of Australia 0 1 0 National Rugby League Limited 0 10 0 New South Wales Lotteries Corporation 1743 0 0 0 News Corporation Limited 0 15 0 Parks Victoria 0 1 0 Publishing and Broadcasting Limited 2 64 0 RG Capital Radio Limited 0 1 0 Racing Victoria Limited 1 0 1 Seven Network Limited 0 6 0 Southern Cross Broadcasting (Australia) Limited 1 2 0 Special Broadcasting Service Corporation 0 1 0 Sydney Opera House Trust 0 5 0 Tabcorp Holdings Limited 4 12 0 Tattersall's Holdings Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Television & Media Services Limited 1 1 0 Ten Network Holdings Limited 0 7 0 Time Warner Entertainment Australia Pty Limited 0 6 0 UNiTAB Limited 0 3 0 Village Roadshow Limited 0 26 0 Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 22

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D Trade 2003-04 Patent Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Electricity, Gas & Water Supply ACTEW Corporation Limited 0 5 0 Alinta Limited 0 3 0 Aurora Energy Pty Ltd 0 1 0 AusPower Holdings Pty Limited 320 0 0 0 Australian Gas Light Company 200 0 19 0 City West Water Limited 0 1 0 Country Energy 0 2 0 EnergyAustralia 0 1 0 Envestra Limited 0 2 0 Melbourne Water Corporation 1790 0 1 0 Murray-Darling Basin Commission 0 1 0 Origin Energy Limited 1223 5 37 4 Pacific Hydro Limited 2 3 0 Powercor Australia Ltd 4 0 0 Snowy Hydro Limited 0 3 0 South Australian Water Corporation 0 1 0 South East Water Limited 1 1 0 Sydney Water Corporation Limited 3 0 0 United Water International Pty Ltd 1438 0 1 0 Water Corporation 3484 0 3 0 Western Power Corporation 0 4 0 Yarra Valley Water Limited 0 4 0

Finance & Insurance AMP Limited 0 8 0 AON Corporation Australia Limited 0 5 0 Asia Pacific Holdings Limited 0 3 0 Absolute Capital Limited 0 1 0 Adelaide Bank Limited 0 2 0 Alumina Limited 0 5 0 Aussie Home Loans Limited 0 1 0 Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited 0 43 5 Australian Associated Motor Insurers Limited 0 1 0 Australian Health Management Group Limited 0 7 0 Australian National Credit Union Limited 0 1 0 Australian Retirement Fund 0 1 0 Australian Scholarships Group Friendly Society Limited 0 2 0 Australian Stock Exchange Limited 0 2 0 Aviva Australia Holdings Limited 0 3 3 BOS International (Australia) Limited 0 12 0 BUPA Australia Health Pty Ltd 0 4 0 Babcock & Brown Limited 0 3 1 Limited 0 5 0 Bank of Western Australia Ltd 0 17 0 Bendigo Bank Limited 0 4 0 CAFG Australia Limited 0 1 0 CBHS Friendly Society Limited 158 0 0 0 CIT Group (Australia) Limited 0 3 0 CPS Credit Union (SA) Limited 0 1 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 23

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Finance & Insurance (continued) Cabcharge Australia Limited 0 2 0 Challenger Financial Services Group Limited 0 3 0 Citigroup Global Markets Australia Holdings Pty Limited 0 3 0 Commonwealth Bank of Australia 0 58 0 Construction and Building Unions Superannuation 0 2 0 Count Financial Limited 1465 0 0 0 Credit Union Services Corporation (Australia) Limited 0 3 0 Esanda Finance Corporation Limited 1 2 0 GE Capital Australia 0 3 0 GE Capital Finance Australasia Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Grand United Friendly Society Limited 0 4 0 HBF Health Funds Inc 0 2 0 HGL Limited 0 4 0 HOME Building Society Ltd 0 2 0 Heritage Building Society Limited 0 1 0 HomeStart Finance 0 8 0 Hunter Hall International Limited 0 4 0 ING Australia Holdings Limited 0 1 0 ING Australia Limited 0 18 0 ING Bank (Australia) Limited 0 3 0 IOOF Holdings Ltd 0 1 0 Insurance Australia Group Limited 0 5 0 Insurance Commission of Western Australia 0 1 0 Investec Bank (Australia) Limited 0 1 0 Jardine Lloyd Thompson Australia Pty Limited 0 2 0 MBF Australia Limited 0 2 0 Macquarie Bank Limited 0 24 1 Macquarie Communications Infrastructure Group 0 2 0 Manchester Unity Australia Ltd 0 1 0 Private Limited 0 2 0 Motor Accident Commission 0 1 0 Motor Trades Association of Australia Superannuation Fund 0 1 0 NIB Health Funds Limited 0 12 0 NSW Teachers Credit Union Ltd 0 9 0 Limited 2 14 0 Newcastle Permanent Building Society Limited 0 1 0 OAMPS Ltd 0 4 0 PT Industri Karet III 0 1 0 Police Department Employees Credit Union Limited 0 3 0 Premium Investors Limited 0 1 0 Printing Industry Superannuation Fund 0 1 0 Promina Group Limited 0 10 0 QBE Insurance Group Limited 0 4 0 Qantas Staff Credit Union Limited 0 5 2 Queensland Investment Corporation 0 3 0 RAMS Home Loans Pty Limited 0 2 0 Reserve Bank of Australia 0 2 0 Residual Assco Group Limited 0 3 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 24

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Finance & Insurance (continued) SAS Trustee Corporation - Pooled Fund 0 4 0 Savings & Loans Credit Union (SA) Limited 0 2 0 South Australian Asset Management Corporation 0 3 0 St George Bank Limited 0 8 0 Suncorp-Metway Ltd 0 6 0 Templeton Global Growth Fund Limited 0 1 0 Tower Australia Limited 0 6 0 Toyota Finance Australia Limited 0 1 0 Treasury Group Limited 0 9 0 Trust Company of Australia Limited 0 4 0 Victorian WorkCover Authority 0 2 0 Washington H Soul Pattinson and Company Limited 0 14 0 Banking Corporation 0 10 0 Wide Bay Australia Limited 0 3 0 Zurich Financial Services Australia Limited 0 1 0

Food, Beverage & Tobacco Manufacturing A & G Marven Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Arnotts Biscuits Holdings Pty Limited 9784 0 0 0 Australian Bakels (Pty) Limited 2003 0 0 0 Baker's Delight Holdings Ltd 0 6 0 Bakewell Foods Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Bartter Enterprises Pty Limited 0 2 0 Berri Limited 6000 0 22 0 Bonlac Foods Limited 872 0 0 0 British American Tobacco Australasia Limited 0 8 0 Brown Brothers Milawa Vineyard Pty Ltd 1 1 0 Buderim Ginger Limited 17 0 0 0 Burns, Philp & Company Limited 14200 1 41 0 Burrangong Meat Processors Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Cadbury Schweppes Australia Limited 3702 1 11 0 Capilano Honey Limited 177 0 1 0 Casella Wines Pty Limited 0 3 0 Cerebos (Australia) Limited 2356 0 6 4 Chickadee Foods Pty Limited 0 1 0 Coca-Cola Amatil Limited 0 3 0 Coopers Brewery Limited 163 0 2 0 Darrell Lea Chocolate Shops Pty Ltd 0 12 0 De Bortoli Wines Pty Limited 0 3 0 Diageo Australia Limited 0 15 0 E G Green & Sons Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Effem Foods Pty Limited 4338 0 89 2 Evans & Tate Limited 0 2 0 Finasucre Investments (Australia) Pty Limited 1178 0 0 0 Foster's Group Limited 1 153 6 Frito-Lay Australia Holdings Pty Limited 3765 0 0 0 General Mills Holding (Australia) Pty Ltd 1921 0 1 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 25

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Food, Beverage & Tobacco Manufacturing (continued) George Weston Foods Limited 6 10 0 Golden Circle Limited 1352 0 1 0 Goodman Fielder Limited 0 26 0 Green's Foods Limited 1315 0 4 0 Hamsdale Australia Pty Ltd 7426 0 0 0 Hans Continental Smallgoods Pty Ltd 0 4 0 Hardy Wine Company Limited 0 30 0 Heinz Wattie's Limited 1729 0 0 0 Inghams Enterprises Pty Limited 0 14 0 KR Castlemaine Foods Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Kailis & France Foods Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Keith Harris & Co Ltd 156 0 5 0 Kellogg Australia Holdings Pty Ltd 5954 0 0 0 King Island Company Ltd 0 4 0 Kraft Foods (Australia) Limited 5796 0 14 0 Lactos Proprietary Limited 0 1 0 Lion Nathan Limited 0 10 0 Lowan Australia Limited 0 2 0 M C Herd Proprietary Limited 0 2 0 MQF Pty Limited 0 12 0 Macadamia Processing Co Limited 0 3 0 Manildra Milling Pty Ltd 0 3 0 McCain Foods (Aust) Pty Ltd 0 2 0 McCormick Foods Australia Pty Ltd 1176 0 0 0 McGuigan Simeon Wines Limited 0 33 1 McWilliams Wines Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Mildura Co-operative Fruit Company Limited 0 1 0 Murray Goulburn Co-operative Co Limited 4323 2 5 0 National Foods Limited 0 9 0 New Zealand Milk (Australasia) Pty Ltd 1 18 0 Orlando Wyndham Group Pty Ltd 0 8 0 Parmalat Australia Pty Limited 0 7 0 Patties Foods Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Philip Morris (Australia) Limited 0 2 0 R & D Vodusek Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Ridley Corporation Limited 1656 0 6 0 SPC Ardmona Limited 500 0 0 0 SPC Ardmona Operations Limited 2 4 0 Samuel Smith & Son Pty Limited 0 1 0 San Remo Macaroni Company Proprietary Limited 0 3 0 Simplot Australia (Holdings) Pty Limited 5120 0 2 0 Snack Foods Limited 0 2 0 Southcorp Limited 1 37 0 Symex Holdings Limited 0 3 0 Tasmanian Seafoods Pty Ltd 240 0 2 0 Tatura Milk Industries Limited 693 0 2 0 Teys Bros (Holdings) Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Unilever Australia (Holdings) Proprietary Limited 17694 0 2 0 Warrnambool Cheese and Butter Factory Company Holdings Limited 557 0 0 0

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 26

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Health & Community Services Ambulance Service of New South Wales 0 3 0 Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre 1 1 0 Central Sydney Area Health Service 0 3 0 DCA Group Limited 0 5 0 Eastern Health 0 1 0 Endeavour Foundation 0 1 0 Flinders Medical Centre 1 0 0 Gribbles Group Limited 1 4 0 Gribbles Pathology (Vic) Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Health Communication Network Limited 2 1 0 Illawarra Area Health Service 235 0 0 0 Mater Misericordiae Health Services Brisbane Limited 1 0 0 Mayne Group Limited 44000 5 14 0 Melbourne Health 4 0 0 Northern Rivers Area Health Service 0 1 0 Northern Sydney Area Health Service 4 0 0 OPSM Group Limited 3001 1 12 0 Primelife Corporation Limited 0 5 0 Queensland Ambulance Service 0 1 0 Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children 2 0 0 Limited 0 2 0 South Eastern Sydney Area Health Service 3 4 0 South Western Sydney Area Health Service 0 1 0 Southern Health 4630 0 0 0 Sydney Adventist Hospital Limited 0 1 0 Western Australian Centre for Pathology & Medical Research 1005 0 0 0 Western Sydney Area Health Service 4 10 0 Women's & Children's Hospital Adelaide 614 2 0 0

Machinery & Equipment Manufacturing ABB Australia Pty Limited 5586 0 0 0 ADI Limited 7622 0 0 0 ADI Limited 0 2 0 ALSTOM Australia Limited 0 0 0 0 ANCA Pty Ltd 2986 0 0 0 ARB Corporation Limited 1484 1 2 4 Ainsworth Game Technology Limited 8215 1 72 2 Aristocrat Leisure Limited 63408 30 35 1 Arrowcrest Group Pty Ltd 0 0 5 Austal Limited 335 4 0 0 Australian Automotive Air Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Austrim Nylex Limited 0 18 0 Automotive Components Limited 545 1 2 0 Avatar Industries Limited 136 1 5 7 BAE SYSTEMS Australia Holdings Limited 1759 0 0 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 27

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Machinery & Equipment Manufacturing (continued) Boart Longyear Pty Limited 4 0 0 0 Boeing Australia Limited 100 0 0 0 Bradken Limited 1396 2 0 0 CDS Technologies Limited 336 0 2 0 CMI Limited 0 1 0 Century Yuasa Batteries Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Clark Equipment Australia Pty Ltd 502 0 0 0 Cochlear Limited 44452 0 3 0 Codan Limited 6657 0 0 0 Daikin Australia Pty Ltd 23 0 1 0 ERG Limited 13524 0 0 0 FMP Group (Australia) Proprietary Limited 0 3 0 Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited 78463 1 0 14 GUD Holdings Limited 2295 4 19 13 HPM Industries Pty Ltd 4 5 17 Heat and Control Pty Ltd 943 0 0 0 Holden Ltd 313349 0 3 106 Honeywell Holdings Pty Limited 8164 0 0 0 IGT (Australia) Pty Ltd 0 35 0 ION Limited 66 3 0 0 Invensys Australia Limited 5300 0 0 0 Iveco Trucks Australia Limited 2623 0 0 0 KRONE (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited 1209 0 0 1 Keycorp Limited 10971 0 0 0 Legend Corporation Limited 204 0 3 0 MaxiTRANS Industries Limited 438 2 7 0 Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited 19295 0 1 0 NEC Business Solutions Ltd 0 3 0 NetComm Limited 0 3 0 Olex Holdings Pty Limited 0 3 0 Otis Elevator Company Pty Limited 0 1 0 Pacifica Group Limited 12965 0 0 0 Pirelli Telecom Cables & Systems Australia Pty Limited 1 2 0 RCR Tomlinson Ltd 32 0 0 0 ResMed Holdings Limited 26110 0 9 14 Riviera Group Pty Ltd 0 4 0 Robert Bosch (Australia) Pty Ltd 58636 2 1 0 SDI Limited 1109 0 1 0 Sandvik Tamrock Pty Ltd 0 0 3 Schefenacker Vision Systems Australia Pty Ltd 11153 6 0 0 Seeley International Pty Ltd 605 0 0 0 Siemens Dematic Pty Limited 2308 0 0 0 Siemens Ltd 3924 1 0 1 Siemens VDO Automotive Pty Ltd 824 0 0 0 Tenix Pty Limited 5400 0 2 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 28

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Machinery & Equipment Manufacturing (continued) Thales Underwater Systems Pty Limited 3375 0 0 0 Toyota Motor Corporation Australia Limited 0 11 0 United Group Limited 0 1 0 Varian Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 12228 0 0 0 Vision Systems Limited 12751 11 3 3 Waterco Limited 516 0 1 0 Weir Group (Australian Holdings) Pty Limited 3200 0 0 0

Metal Product Manufacturing Alcoa of Australia Limited 12700 0 1 0 Assa Abloy Australia Pty Limited 4 16 119 BlueScope Steel Limited 19600 51 59 6 Bradnam's Windows & Doors Pty Ltd 5 39 1 Capral Aluminium Limited 1 3 2 Delta Group Australia Pty Ltd 4 4 0 Email Limited 9 1 3 Hills Industries Limited 2250 11 37 24 Hunter Douglas Holdings Limited 241 0 10 3 McPherson's Limited 663 0 10 0 Metal Manufactures Limited 0 9 0 National Can Industries Limited 2 1 1 Nissan Casting Australia Pty Ltd 60 0 0 0 OneSteel Limited 26800 2 5 4 PT. ABADI NUSA 1 0 0 Queensland Alumina Limited 2997 0 0 0 Silicon Metal Company of Australia Limited 64 0 0 0 Smorgon Steel Group Ltd 96 0 10 25 Stanley Works Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Tyco Flow Control Pacific Pty Limited 1029 3 0 0 Zinifex Limited 0 2 0

Mining Amadeus Energy Limited 0 1 0 BHP Billiton Limited 28000 29 18 2 Brandrill Limited 0 2 0 Camberwell Coal Pty Limited 96 0 0 0 Centennial Coal Company Limited 0 0 0 0 Coal & Allied Industries Limited 265 0 0 0 Consolidated Broken Hill Ltd 149 0 0 0 Energy Resources of Australia Ltd 2986 0 0 0 Equatorial Mining Limited 462 0 0 0 GRD Limited 251 1 0 0 Limited 7200 0 1 0 Independence Gold NL 95 0 0 0 LionOre Australia Pty Ltd 736 0 0 0 Macarthur Coal Limited 190 0 0 0 Macmahon Holdings Limited 0 5 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 29

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Mining (continued) Mitsubishi Development Pty Limited 1454 0 1 0 Mount Gibson Iron Limited 9228 0 0 0 Limited 425 0 0 0 Phosphate Resources Limited 550 0 0 0 Rio Tinto Plc - Rio Tinto Limited 30000 0 1 0 St Barbara Mines Limited 4360 0 0 0 Thyssen Mining Construction of Australia Pty Limited 1 0 0 Ticor Limited 2164 0 0 0 Triako Resources Limited 1 0 0 WMC Resources Ltd 500 1 0 0 Xstrata Queensland Limited 333 1 0 0

Non-Metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing Adelaide Brighton Ltd 0 25 0 Amatek Industries Pty Limited 801 0 16 1 Boral Limited 900 2 0 0 Brickworks Limited 2 9 0 CSR Limited 1 76 2 David Mitchell Lime Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Don Mathieson & Staff Glass Pty Ltd 0 4 0 G James Australia Pty Ltd 1 0 3 GWA International Limited 5485 8 44 44 James Hardie Industries NV 32600 1 3 11 Morganite Australia Pty Limited 0 3 0 Owens-Illinois (Australia) Pty Limited 600 0 0 0 PT Arista Latindo 0 2 0 Rinker Group Limited 1800 0 2 0 Shinagawa Refractories Australasia Pty Ltd 1 0 0

Personal & Other Services Alsco Pty Limited 0 3 0 Australian Security Intelligence Organisation 0 2 0 Collex Pty Limited 2 0 2 0 J J Richards & Sons Pty Ltd 1 0 0 National Roads and Motorists' Association Limited 0 1 0 Royal Automobile Club of Queensland Limited 0 2 0 Royal Automobile Club of Victoria (RACV) Ltd 0 11 2 SCIA Holdings Pty Limited 0 2 0 SembSita Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Stefan Hair Fashions Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Thorn Asia-Pacific Holdings Pty Limited 0 11 0 Video Ezy Australasia Pty Limited 0 4 0 Waste Recycling and Processing Corporation 0 6 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 30

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Petroleum, Coal & Chemical Manufacturing Air Liquide Australia Limited 1 0 0 Akzo Nobel Industries Limited 4323 0 4 0 Albright & Wilson (Australia) Limited 750 2 0 0 Alphapharm Pty Limited 1873 0 18 0 Ansell Limited 12600 1 10 0 Applied Chemicals International Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Arrow Pharmaceuticals Limited 0 22 0 Asia Pacific Specialty Chemicals Limited 0 2 2 BOC Limited 14 0 8 0 BP Regional Australasia Holdings Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Baxter Healthcare Pty Limited 228 0 0 0 Bayer Australia Limited 5342 0 1 0 Limited 0 7 0 Bridgestone Australia Ltd 0 3 0 Bristol-Myers Squibb Australia Pty Ltd 6749 0 0 0 CSL Limited 101188 0 0 0 Campbell Brothers Limited 268 1 6 0 Chemeq Limited 2264 0 0 0 Colgate-Palmolive Pty Limited 0 3 0 Cryovac Australia Pty Ltd 1499 0 0 0 Decor Corporation Pty Ltd 0 5 38 Dow Chemical (Australia) Limited 3296 0 0 0 Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Limited 2860 0 1 0 Eli Lilly Australia Pty Limited 14323 0 0 0 Flint Ink Australia Pty Ltd 606 0 0 0 GlaxoSmithKline Holdings Pty Ltd 38573 0 0 0 Goodstone International Pty Ltd 3 0 0 Henkel Australia Pty Limited 0 3 0 Huhtamaki Holdings Pty Limited 0 0 3 Limited 121 0 0 0 Institute of Drug Technology Australia Limited 50 0 0 0 Joyce Corporation Ltd 18 0 5 0 Koppers Australia Pty Limited 0 3 0 Lipa Pharmaceuticals Limited 0 2 0 Ludowici Limited 515 6 4 1 Merck Sharp & Dohme (Australia) Pty Limited 13348 0 0 0 Millennium Inorganic Chemicals Ltd 4847 0 0 0 Monsanto Australia Limited 0 2 0 Novogen Limited 8261 8 0 0 Limited 8236 0 13 0 Orica Limited 30000 5 56 0 PZ Cussons (Holdings) Pty Ltd 0 0 2 Pfizer Pty Limited 19414 0 2 0 Plaspak Group Limited 500 0 0 1 Qenos Holdings Pty Ltd 11167 0 0 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 31

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Petroleum, Coal & Chemical Manufacturing (continued) RB Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 8830 0 4 0 Sara Lee Group (Australia) Pty Ltd 1090 0 0 0 Schering-Plough Pty Limited 3790 0 0 0 Shell Australia Limited 0 1 0 TOTAL Australia Limited 2558 0 3 0 Wattyl Limited 4491 0 4 0

Printing, Publishing & Recorded Media APN News & Media Limited 1 25 0 EMI Group (Australia) Holdings Pty Limited 0 1 0 John Fairfax Holdings Limited 0 9 0 Moore Business Systems Australia Limited 162 0 0 0 PMP Limited 0 5 0 Queensland Press Pty Ltd 0 6 0 Reed Elsevier Australia Pty Limited 2005 0 11 0 Rural Press Limited 0 2 0 Shock Records Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Warner Music Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 West Australian Newspapers Holdings Limited 0 1 0

Property & Business Services A J Lucas Group Limited 426 0 0 0 Adacel Technologies Limited 7226 0 0 0 Altium Limited 9433 0 0 0 Australian Associated Press Pty Limited 0 1 0 Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organisation 0 5 0 Australian Pure Fruits Limited 0 2 0 Barclay Mowlem Limited 5679 3 1 0 Baycorp Advantage Limited 922 0 1 0 Brambles Industries Limited 0 5 0 Candle Australia Limited 0 5 0 Cardno Limited 0 5 0 Catalyst Recruitment Systems Limited 0 4 0 Centre for Information Technology & Communication 1 5 0 Chandler Macleod Group Limited 0 1 0 ChemGenex Pharmaceuticals Ltd 0 1 0 Citect Corporation Limited 13523 0 0 0 Clayton Utz 0 3 0 Clemenger Communications Limited 0 2 0 Coates Hire Limited 0 9 0 Colliers International Holdings (Australia) Limited 0 2 0 Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation 909759 115 24 0 Communications Group Holdings Pty Limited 0 1 0 Computershare Limited 41100 0 1 0 D & B Australasia Pty Limited 3 0 1

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 32

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Property & Business Services (continued) DDB Worldwide Pty Limited 0 2 0 Dairy Australia Limited 29954 0 0 0 Drake Australia Pty Ltd 392 0 0 0 EDS (Australia) Pty Limited 2168 0 0 0 Epitan Limited 4791 0 0 0 FKP Limited 0 2 0 Forstaff Australia Pty Limited 0 2 0 Freehills 0 2 0 Fujitsu Australia Limited 5693 0 2 0 GHD Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Gadens Lawyers 0 1 0 Genetic Technologies Limited 864 0 0 0 Gray Eisdell Timms Pty Limited 0 4 0 Hamilton James & Bruce Group Limited 0 1 0 Hansen Technologies Limited 0 0 1 24 Hatch Associates Pty Ltd 2 0 0 Henry Walker Eltin Group Limited 0 5 0 Horticulture Australia Limited 51303 0 4 0 Hudson Investment Group Limited 0 6 0 IBA Health Limited 2409 2 0 0 IWL Limited 0 3 0 Infomedia Ltd 3551 0 0 0 Investor Group Limited 0 1 0 Ipoh Limited 0 2 0 KAZ Group Limited 1 2 0 Kennards Hire Pty Limited 0 5 0 Lease Plan Australia Limited 0 2 0 Lend Lease Corporation Limited 0 7 0 MYOB Limited 12157 0 12 0 Mallesons Stephen Jaques 1 0 0 Manpower Services (Australia) Pty Limited 0 1 0 Meat & Livestock Australia Limited 21909 10 12 0 Melbourne IT Ltd 0 1 0 Mercer Human Resource Consulting Pty Ltd 0 8 0 Metabolic Pharmaceuticals Limited 10433 4 0 0 Mincom Limited 15529 0 0 0 Mulpha Australia Limited 0 3 0 Network Limited 0 1 0 Oracle Corporation Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Orbital Corporation Limited 9 0 0 PCH Group Limited 0 1 0 Peptech Limited 10318 0 0 0 Pitcher Partners 0 1 0 Powerlan Limited 0 2 0 Pro Medicus Limited 755 0 1 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 33

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Property & Business Services (continued) RLM Systems Pty Limited 3 0 0 Raptis Group Limited 0 4 0 Reckon Limited 2048 0 0 0 Redflex Holdings Limited 2025 3 0 0 SEEK Limited 0 0 19 0 SGS Australia Holdings Pty Ltd 0 5 0 SMEC Holdings Limited 4434 0 0 0 Saab Systems Pty Ltd 1975 0 0 0 Salmat Limited 603 0 1 0 Security Mail Pty Limited 0 2 0 Servcorp Limited 0 2 0 Silex Systems Limited 4827 0 0 0 Skilled Engineering Limited 1 2 7 Solution 6 Holdings Limited 33983 0 1 0 South Australian Housing Trust 0 10 0 Spotless Group Limited 1 2 5 Standards Australia Limited 0 15 0 Sunland Group Limited 0 3 0 Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority 0 2 0 Technology One Limited 9547 0 0 0 Tomato Technologies Limited 15 0 0 0 Tourism Asset Holdings Limited 0 2 0 Transfield Services Limited 517 0 9 0 United Customer Management Solutions Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Valad Property Group 0 3 0 Ventracor Limited 3578 0 2 2 VicUrban 0 17 0 Villa World Limited 0 2 0 Virotec International Limited 2253 0 0 0 Visiomed Group Limited 0 1 0 Volante Group Limited 0 1 0 Waco Kwikform Limited 0 2 0 Westart Trust 0 1 0 Group Limited 0 2 0 eBet Limited 0 1 0 realestate.com.au Limited 0 2 0

Retail Trade A P Eagers Limited 1 0 0 AdultShop.com Limited 0 1 0 Angus & Coote (Holdings) Limited 0 1 0 Angus & Robertson Pty Limited 0 5 0 Barbeques Galore Limited 978 0 9 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 34

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Retail Trade (continued) Barloworld Australia Pty Limited 1237 0 3 0 Betta Stores Ltd 0 2 0 Bob Jane Properties Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Brazin Limited 0 15 0 COLORADO group Ltd 0 7 0 Cecil Bros Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Coles Myer Ltd 0 99 0 Competitive Foods Australia Pty Ltd 0 5 0 Country Road Limited 0 1 0 D J Motors Pty Ltd 1 3 0 Dimmeys Stores Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Domino's Pizza Australia Pty Ltd 20 0 5 0 E J Zupp Holdings Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Fleetwood Corporation Limited 901 0 3 0 Fone Zone Pty Ltd 0 4 0 Foodland Associated Limited 0 26 0 Harris Scarfe Holdings Limited 0 39 0 Holdings Limited 0 13 0 JB Hi-Fi Limited 0 3 0 Just Jeans Group Pty Limited 0 9 0 Kemeny's Food & Liquor Pty Limited 0 1 0 Kresta Holdings Limited 0 3 0 Lenard's Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Lifeplan Australia Friendly Society Limited 0 2 0 Lowes-Manhattan Pty Ltd 0 4 0 MBf Carpenters Limited 0 1 0 Miller's Retail Limited 0 9 0 New Price Retail Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Nick Scali Limited 0 2 0 OrotonGroup Limited 0 11 0 Pepkor (Australia) Pty Limited 0 6 0 Priceline Pty Limited 0 7 0 Reject Shop (Aust) Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Retail Cube Limited 0 1 0 Retail Holdings Pty Ltd 0 12 0 Roger David Stores Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Spotlight Stores Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Steamships Trading Company Limited 2 1 0 Strandbags Group Pty Limited 0 8 0 Super A-Mart Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Supre Pty Limited 0 5 0 Wallace Bishop Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Woolworths Limited 0 48 0 Yamaha Motor Australia Pty Limited 0 4 0 Yum! Restaurants Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 35

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Textile, Clothing, Footwear & Leather Manufacturing A I Topper & Co Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Albany International Pty Limited 848 0 0 0 Brintons Pty Limited 0 1 0 Canning Vale Weaving Mills Limited 0 6 0 Feltex Australia Pty Limited 0 9 2 Gale Pacific Limited 352 7 5 0 Gazal Corporation Limited 1 3 0 Michell Australia Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Pacific Brands Limited 0 12 0 Packer Associated Tanners Pty Ltd 1 1 1 R M Williams Holdings Pty Limited 0 3 0 Schaffer Corporation Limited 1700 0 1 0

Transport & Storage ANL Container Line Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Ariadne Australia Limited 0 1 0 AusBulk Ltd 310 0 0 0 Australian Outback Travel Company Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Australian Pacific (Holdings) Pty Limited 0 1 0 Australian Rail Track Corporation Limited 0 2 0 Australian Tourist Commission 0 2 0 CTI Logistics Limited 1 2 1 Cairns Port Authority 0 4 0 FCL Interstate Transport Services Pty Ltd 2 0 1 Flight Centre Limited 0 16 0 GasNet Australia Group 0 1 0 GrainCorp Limited 314 0 0 0 Heggies Bulkhaul Limited 2 1 0 K&S Corporation Limited 0 1 0 P&O Australia Ltd 2 5 0 PT Unocal Geothermal Indonesia 0 1 0 Pacific National Pty Ltd 4 0 2 Patrick Corporation Limited 0 1 0 Port of Brisbane Corporation 0 1 0 Qantas Airways Limited 1 11 1 Queensland Rail 3 1 0 Rail Corporation New South Wales 0 1 0 Simon Transport Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Star Track Express Pty Limited 0 10 0 State Transit Authority of New South Wales 0 1 0 Tourism Queensland 0 2 0 TransAdelaide 0 1 0 Transonic Travel Limited 0 1 0 Group 1 0 0 Virgin Blue Holdings Limited 0 20 0 Westralia Airports Corporation Pty Ltd 0 10 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 36

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Wholesale Trade 3M Australia Pty Limited 10849 0 0 0 ABB Grain Ltd 399 0 0 0 AHP Holdings Pty Limited 3462 0 1 0 AWB Limited 6960 0 2 0 Alcatel Australia Limited 22985 0 0 0 Alesco Corporation Limited 0 7 0 Associated Retailers Limited 0 1 0 Auscom Holdings Pty Limited 0 3 0 Austin Group Limited 0 4 0 Australian Capital Equity Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Australian Pharmaceutical Industries Limited 0 3 0 Auto Group Limited 0 1 0 Bayer CropScience Pty Ltd 3217 0 0 0 Bidvest Australia Limited 0 1 0 Billabong International Limited 0 15 0 Black & Decker (Australia) Pty Limited 379 0 0 0 Blue Star Group Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Bonlac Supply Company Limited 194 0 0 0 Bretts Pty Limited 17 0 0 0 Britax Childcare Pty Ltd 1709 3 1 0 Brother International (Aust) Pty Limited 0 2 0 Bunzl Australia Limited 0 5 0 Burson Automotive Pty Ltd 0 1 0 C C Hamilton & Co Pty Limited 0 2 0 CITIC Australia Pty Ltd 0 1 0 CPI Group Limited 0 19 0 Canon Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Cargill Australia Limited 0 1 0 Cellnet Group Ltd 0 1 0 Commander Communications Limited 0 6 0 Conga Foods Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Corporate Express Australia Limited 1 3 0 Coventry Group Ltd 0 1 0 Crane Group Limited 4 2 5 Creative Brands Pty Ltd 0 6 0 Dahlsens Building Centres Pty Ltd 0 1 0 DaimlerChrysler Australia/Pacific Holding Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Danks Holdings Limited 0 1 1 Dimension Data Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Drivetrain Australia Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Energizer Australia Pty Limited 0 2 0 Farmoz Pty Limited 0 7 0 Ferrero Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Fisher & Paykel Australia Holdings Limited 166 0 0 0 Frontline Stores Australia Limited 0 3 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 37

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Wholesale Trade (continued) Fuji Xerox Australia Pty Limited 0 3 0 Fujitsu General (Aust) Pty Limited 0 1 0 Funtastic Limited 0 11 1 Futuris Corporation Limited 14186 0 3 0 GSA Industries (Aust) Pty Ltd 195 2 4 0 Globe International Limited 0 4 0 Grain Growers Association Limited 1259 0 1 0 Gunnersen Timbermark Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Hagemeyer Asia Pacific Pty Limited 1 11 0 Hagemeyer Holdings (Australia) Pty Limited 0 1 0 Hanimex Australasia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Hawker Pacific Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Health Minders Pty Limited 0 2 0 HomeLeisure Limited 0 21 0 Honda Australia Pty Limited 0 2 0 Housewares International Limited 0 20 3 IAMA Limited 0 1 1 ITOCHU Australia Ltd 0 1 0 Inchcape Motors Australia Limited 0 2 0 Internatio-Muller Australia/New Zealand Pty Ltd 15 0 0 0 Irymple Packing Proprietary Limited 0 3 0 JK International Pty Ltd 0 1 0 John Shearer (Holdings) Limited 10 0 0 0 Johnson & Johnson Pty Limited 9074 1 0 0 Kailis Bros Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Kimberly-Clark Pacific Holdings Pty Limited 60 0 0 0 Konica Minolta Printing Solutions Asia Pty Ltd 39 0 0 0 Kreglinger (Australia) Pty Ltd 0 2 0 Kubota Tractor Australia Pty Ltd 63 0 0 0 L'Oreal Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 Lighting Corporation Limited 0 13 0 MTU Australia Pty Limited 0 3 0 Merial Australia Pty Ltd 521 0 0 0 Metcash Trading Limited 0 35 0 Middendorp Electric Co Pty Ltd 0 5 0 Mistral International Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Mitre 10 Australia Ltd 0 14 0 Mitsubishi Electric Australia Pty Limited 0 1 0 National Office Products Ltd 0 2 0 Network Foods Limited 0 3 0 Newfurn Floor Coverings Limited 0 1 0 Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals Pty Limited 968 0 1 0 Noza Holdings Pty Ltd 1633 0 2 0 Office National Limited 0 1 0 Optima ICM Limited 0 2 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 38

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Wholesale Trade (continued) PFD Food Services Pty Ltd 0 1 0 PT Kangar Consolidated 0 1 0 PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I 0 1 0 Panasonic Australia Pty Limited 0 2 0 Philips Electronics Australia Limited 0 1 0 Playcorp Pty Ltd 0 5 0 Pretty Girl Fashion Group Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Reckitt Benckiser (Australia) Pty Limited 2 27 0 Reece Australia Limited 0 15 0 Retravision (Vic-Tas) Limited 0 1 0 Ricoh Australia Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Rinnai Australia Pty Ltd 0 4 0 Roberts Limited 0 1 0 Ruralco Holdings Limited 0 6 0 Ryobi Technologies Australia Pty Limited 12 0 7 0 S L Family Enterprises Pty Ltd 0 10 0 SDS Corporation Limited 79 4 0 2 SL/DE Holdings (Australia) Pty Ltd 437 0 0 0 Sam's Seafood Holdings Limited 500 0 1 0 Scalzo Trading Co Proprietary Limited 0 8 0 Sigma Company Limited 1226 0 3 0 Sime Darby Australia Limited 0 1 0 Smith & Nephew Pty Ltd 270 0 0 0 Sony Australia Limited 0 2 0 South Pacific Tyres Partnership 0 2 0 Stargames Limited 0 2 0 Stuart Alexander & Co Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Sumitomo Australia Limited 0 3 0 Super Cheap Auto Pty Ltd 0 5 0 Syngenta Crop Protection Pty Limited 4042 0 0 0 Toshiba (Australia) Pty Limited 704 0 3 0 Trimex Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Webster Limited 616 0 6 0 Wesfarmers Limited 0 41 0 Westan Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Western Star Trucks Australia Pty Ltd 0 3 0 Whitehorse Truck Centre Pty Ltd 0 2 0 York Group Limited 159 0 0 0 3M Australia Pty Limited 10849 0 0 0

Note: Includes only Australian enterprises cited in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 39

R&D AND IP APPLICATIONS (LISTED APHABETICALLY) (CONTINUED) R&D 2003-04 Patent Trade Mark Design Company name ($'000s) 2004 2004 2004

Wood & Paper Product Manufacturing ABC Tissue Products Pty Limited 0 10 0 Amcor Limited 46400 1 25 13 Auspine Limited 1285 0 0 0 Carter Holt Harvey Australia Pty Limited 5515 1 2 0 Corinthian Industries (Holdings) Pty Limited 0 3 0 D & R Henderson Pty Ltd 0 1 0 Dalton Packaging Pty Limited 0 7 0 Gunns Limited 0 4 0 Norske Skog Industries Australia Limited 710 0 0 0 Paper Converting (Canberra) Pty Limited 0 9 0 PaperlinX Limited 2500 0 12 2 Tetra Pak Manufacturing Pty Limited 1 0 0 WESFI Limited 0 3 0

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 40

Appendices

Appendix One Creating the R&D and Intellectual Property Scoreboard

Appendix Two Information about Patents

Appendix Three Information about Trade Marks

Appendix Four Information about Designs

More Information

Acknowledgements

Collaborators

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 41

APPENDIX ONE: THE R&D AND IP SCOREBOARD

The Data The data used in the Scoreboard comes from two sources – IP Australia and IBISWorld Pty Ltd.

IP Australia provides individual data on all complete patent, trade mark and design applications filed in Australia in a calendar year. The 2004 Scoreboard report uses applications filed in the 2003 calendar year.

IBISWorld Pty Ltd provides financial data on the top 2000 companies in Australia, including public, private, foreign owned and government organisations. IBISWorld Pty Ltd obtains most of its information from Annual Reports issued by the organisations. The 2005 Scoreboard uses financial information relating to the 2003/2004 financial year. Using IBISWorld Pty Ltd data of a similar year to the IP Australia data ensures that our match of companies will be as accurate as possible, as changes to companies (e.g. changed names, mergers, takeovers) are minimized.

The Matching Process This section explains the process used to match applicants for complete (Australia) or International patent applications with company names. The same process applies to design and trade mark applications. A patent (trade mark or design) application can have more than one applicant, and each applicant will be listed on the IP Australia database. In addition, an applicant may file more than one application. For example, in year 2000 there were 75,312 patent applications from 83,124 applicants.

To create the Scoreboard, applicant names on patent, trade mark and design applications are matched to company names on the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database.

The matching process involves several steps. First, applicants are split into five groups. Examples of these five groups for 2000 are given in Table 1.

The name of the applicant is then matched with the names in the IBISWorld Pty Ltd database. As the IBISWorld Pty Ltd data contains the names of parent and subsidiary companies, the resulting corrected matches are then ‘collapsed’ and summed to the parent name. These matches form the basis of the Scoreboard report.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 42 Table 1: Number of Applicants by Category, 2000

Type of Entity Number of Percentage Matched to Match Rate Applicants (of IBISWorld (%) Applicants) Foreign(a) 79588 95.5 6002 7.5 Individual 1598 1.9 - - Private Company(b) 1547 1.9 294 19.0 Statute(c) 209 0.3 177 84.7 Residual(d) 405 0.5 202 49.9 Total 83347 100 6675 8.0

Notes: (a) Defined by the country of the address of the applicant. Most of the matches will be Australian subsidiaries with foreign parents. (b) Any company that contained “Proprietary” in its name was deemed a private company. Private companies can be Australian subsidiaries of foreign companies, subsidiaries of Australian companies, or unlisted Australian companies. (c) Any company name containing the words “association”, “commonwealth”, “university” or “institute” was deemed a statute organisation. (d) This group predominantly contains publicly listed Australian companies.

Financial data from IBISWorld Pty Ltd data is then added to these matches, and any companies for which financial information is not available are dropped. These companies are generally foreign (non-Australian) parents, SMEs, or private companies.

The Innovation Index Considerable evidence exists that investment in innovative activities contributes towards the profitability and value of an enterprise. However, existing accounting standards are very conservative, and asset values, both tangible and intangible, have become over time increasingly poor predictors of company value (equals equities plus liabilities) (see Webster 2000). Economic studies of measures to account for this wedge between company assets and company values have found that patent, trade mark and design counts are reasonable explicators. In particular, a certain combination of patent, trade mark and design counts (relative to tangible assets), provides the best predictor of average company value, once account is taken of tangible assets (Feeney & Rogers 2003). We believe this is because this combination captures the firm’s prior successful investments in intangible innovation assets. This combination of patent, trade mark and design counts is used to define the Innovation Index and implies the following equation:

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 43 Innovation Index score

= 2.409 R&D/mill + 6.822 Patents + 1.132 Trade Marks + 0.385 Designs Assets/mill Assets/mill Assets/mill Assets/mill

These scores are then cardinally ranked by absolute size, with the company with the highest score receiving rank 100.

Index = 100 Innovation Score company rank j. Innovation Score company rank 1

Firms that do not report any innovative activity will record a zero for each part and will not appear in the index. Government entities are not included in the index.

References

Feeny, S. and Rogers, M. (2003) Innovation and Performance: Benchmarking Australian Firms, Australian Economic Review, Vol 36, No 3, pp 253-264.

Webster, E. M. (2000). The Growth of Intangible Enterprise Investment in Australia, Information Economics and Policy, Vol 12, pp 1-25.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 44

APPENDIX TWO: PATENTS

What are the requirements for a valid (standard) patent? A patentable invention is an invention which: • satisfies a threshold requirement of ‘newness and ‘inventiveness’; 1 • is novel; • involves an inventive step; • is useful; • was not secretly used in Australia by (or with the authority of) the patentee before the ‘priority date’ of the claim; and • is a ‘manner of manufacture’ within the meaning of section 6 of the Statute of Monopolies. 2

Each claim of a patent specification must have a ‘priority date’ 3 which is generally the earliest of: • the date of filing the specification within which the relevant claim is located; 4 or • the filing date of a provisional application that is ‘associated with’ a complete application.5

Novelty and inventiveness are assessed by reference to the priority date of the relevant claim. In particular, a patentable invention must be novel and inventive when compared with the ‘prior art base’ as it existed before the priority date of the relevant claim. The ‘prior art base’ includes information which has been made ‘publicly available’ in a document or through doing an act anywhere in the world.

What rights does a patent confer? A patent confers upon the patentee the exclusive right to “exploit” the invention6 during the term of the patent.7 In relation to a product, “exploit” is defined to include making, selling, using or importing the product.8 In relation to a method or process, “exploit” is defined to include using the method or process or selling, using or importing a product resulting from such use. An Australian court of high authority has yet to consider whether an exemption to infringement exists for ‘experimental’ uses of an invention.

1 NV Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken v Mirabella International Pty Ltd (1995) 32 IPR 449. 2 This requirement will be satisfied in relation to a method or process if that method or process results in an artificially created state of affairs which is of utility in a field of economic endeavour: National Research Development Corporation v Commissioner of Patents (1959) 102 CLR 252. 3 Patents Act 1990 (Cth) (“Patents Act”), section 43 (1). 4 Patents Act, s. 43(2), Regulation 3.12. 5 Pursuant to s. 38 of the Act, provided that the claim of the complete specification is fairly based on matter disclosed in the provisional application: Patents Regulations 1991, Regulation 3.12 (1)(b). 6 And the exclusive right to authorise another person to “exploit” the invention: Patents Act, s. 13(1). 7 Patents Act, s. 13(1). 8 Schedule 1 of the Patents Act 1990 (Cth). R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 45 What are complete and provisional patent applications? An application for a patent may be a provisional application or a complete application.9 A provisional application must be accompanied by a provisional specification, which need only describe the invention. 10 Provisional applications lapse after 12 months.11 A complete application must be accompanied by a complete specification, which (in relation to a standard patent) must describe the invention fully, including the best method known to the applicant of performing the invention and end with a claim(s) defining the invention.12

What are Innovation Patents? The Patents Act provides a second tier of protection for ‘innovation patents’. The purpose of the innovation patent system is to protect inventions which disclose a lower level of inventiveness than standard patents. Innovation patents need only disclose an innovative step, whereas standard patents must involve an inventive step. In broad terms, an invention is deemed to involve an ‘innovative step’ unless it varies from certain ‘publicly available information’ only in ways that make no substantial contribution to the working of the invention. 13

The term of an innovation patent is 8 years from the date of filing the complete specification.14 In contrast, the term of a standard patent is 20 years from the date of filing the complete specification. 15

When is a (standard) patent application examined? An applicant must request examination of a complete specification relating to a standard patent within 5 years of filing the complete application16 or the application will lapse.17 Alternatively, the Commissioner may exercise his or her discretion to direct the applicant to request examination.18 Finally, examination may occur at the request of a third party in circumstances where the complete patent specification and request are open to public inspection.19

It has been estimated that the Commissioner presently directs applicants to request an examination of the complete specification of a standard patent approximately 32 months after the earliest priority date.20

9 Patents Act, s. 29(2). 10 Patents Act, s. 40(1). 11 Patents Act, s 142(1). 12 Patents Act, s 40(2). 13 Patents Act, 7 (4). 14 Patents Act, s. 68. Unless the regulations provide otherwise: Patents Act, s 65. 15 Patents Act, s. 67. Unless the regulations provide otherwise: Patents Act, s 65. 16 Patents Act, s. 44(1); Patents Regulations, 3.15(1). 17 Patents Act, s. 142(2)(a). 18 Patents Act, s. 44(2). 19 Patents Act, s. 44(3). 20 James Lahore (ed), Patents, Trade Marks & Related Rights, page 8186. R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 46 What are Convention applications? Applications which claim priority by reference to a ‘basic application’ are referred to as ‘convention applications’. A ‘basic application’ is an application for patent protection filed in a foreign country declared by the Patents Regulations 1991 to be a Convention country.21 Australian applicants can claim the benefit of an earlier priority date associated with a ‘basic application’ if: • a complete application is filed in Australia within 12 months from the date on which the first ‘basic application’ was made; and • the applicant for the complete application is a ‘convention applicant’ in relation to the basic application. (A ‘convention applicant’ includes the person who applied for the ‘basic application’.)

What are Patent Cooperation Treaty applications? The Patent Cooperation Treaty 1970 (“PCT”) provides an additional basis for claiming priority from an earlier foreign patent application. In particular, residents or nationals of a State which is party to the PCT may claim the priority date of an earlier foreign application by filing a PCT application.22

PCT applications enable applicants to seek patent protection in a number of countries via the filing of a single application. In particular, a PCT application may designate any PCT member State in which patent protection is sought. PCT applications thus remove the need to file separate patent applications in each State in which protection is sought. PCT applications which designate Australia will be regarded as a complete application for a standard patent.23

Nevertheless, in order to be granted a patent, PCT applicants must comply with the legal requirements for patentability in each country designated for protection during the ‘national phase’ of the application. Applicants need not ‘enter the national phase’ in all countries designated for protection.

What are the fees for a patent application? According to the IP Australia website,24 the following fees applied as at July 2005. The fee for filing a complete application25 in respect of a standard patent was $290 (online) and $320 (in paper form) and the fee for requesting an examination was $340.26 The fee for filing an application in respect of an innovation patent was $150 (online) and $180 (in paper form) and the fee for requesting an examination was $290. (Examination of an innovation patent at the request of a third party was associated with a fee of $145 for both the applicant and the third party). Annual maintenance fees also apply to both standard and innovation patents.

21 Patents Act, s. 94(2); Schedule 1 definitions. 22 International applications can only claim priority by reference to an earlier patent application filed in a country that is party to the Paris Convention 1883. 23 Patents Act, s. 88(1). 24 http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/patents/fees_index.shtml 25 The cost of filing a provisional application was $80. 26 $240 in cases where there is an Australian IPER. R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 47

APPENDIX THREE: TRADE MARKS

What is a trade mark? A ‘trade mark’ is a sign used, or intended to be used, to distinguish the goods or services of one trader from those of another.27 A trade mark can be a word, name, number, aspect of packaging, shape, colour, sound or scent, or any combination of these.28

What are the requirements for registration? An application for the registration of a trade mark must be accepted unless the Registrar is satisfied that there are grounds for rejecting it.29 The grounds for rejecting an application include: • the trade mark is not capable of distinguishing the goods or services of the applicant (in respect of which the trade mark is sought to be registered) from those of other traders.30 • the use of the trade mark in relation to particular goods or services would be likely to deceive or cause confusion because of some connotation that the trade mark has.31 • the applicant's trade mark is substantially identical with, or deceptively similar to, another registered (or pending) trade mark 32 in respect of similar goods or closely related services.33

What rights does a trade mark confer? A registered trade mark confers upon its owner the exclusive right to use, license or sell the trade mark within Australia in respect of the goods and services for which it is registered. Trade mark infringement most commonly occurs where a person uses as a trade mark a sign that is substantially identical with, or deceptively similar to, the trade mark in relation to goods or services in respect of which the trade mark is registered.34

What is the Madrid Protocol? The Madrid Protocol allows the owner of a trade mark registered in one member state to obtain a trade mark in other member states by filing a single international application in the home state. Australia acceded to the

27 Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth) (“Trade Marks Act”), s 17. 28 By virtue of the definition of ‘sign’ in s 6 of the Trade Marks Act. 29 Trade Marks Act, s 33(1)(b). Or that the application has not been made in accordance with the Trade Marks Act: Trade Marks Act, s 33(1)(a). 30 Trade Marks Act, s 41(2). Lack of distinctiveness is a ground for rectification subsequent to registration (s 88(2)(a)), in addition to being relevant in examination (s 41) and in opposition (s 57). 31 Trade Marks Act, s 43. 32 Namely, a registered or pending trade mark in respect of similar goods or closely related services with an earlier priority date. 33 Trade Marks Act, s 44(1)(a). This is subject to the exceptions provided for in ss 44(3) and 44(4) of the Trade Marks Act which allow registration to occur in cases of honest concurrent use (s 44(3)), prior continuous use (s 44(4)) or because other circumstances render it proper to do so (s 44(3)). 34 Trade Marks Act, s 120(1). R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 48 Madrid Protocol on 11 July 2001. ‘Madrid applications’ must be examined separately in each country nominated for protection.

How much does a trade mark application cost? According to the IP Australia website as of July 2005, 35 the following fees applied in relation to the application for registration of a trade mark:

Application to register (single class) $150 (regular) / $120 (on-line) For each additional class covered by the same application $150 (regular) / $120 (on-line) Application to register a series 36 of trade marks $200 (regular) / $170 (on-line)

How much does a trade mark registration cost? Registration occurs after a trade mark has been examined, accepted for registration and survived any opposition proceedings. Registration subsists for 10 years from the filing date and can be renewed indefinitely, provided that the trade mark is not successfully challenged by a third party. One of the grounds upon which a trade mark may be removed from the Register is that the registered owner has not used the trade mark in Australia in relation to the relevant goods and/or services for a period of 3 years.37

According to the IP Australia website as at July 2005,38 the following registration fees are payable within 6 months of acceptance:

Registration (single class) $300 For each additional class covered by the same application $300 Fees for a renewal due on or after 1 September 2002 (for a single class) $300

35 http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/trademarks/fees_index.shtml 36 An applicant can seek the registration of two or more trade marks in respect of similar goods or similar services within a single class via a single application under s 51 of the Trade Marks Act, provided that the trade marks are sufficiently similar. Such applications are referred to as ‘series applications’. 37 Ending one month before the day on which the non-use application is filed: Trade Marks Act, s 92(4)(b). 38 http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/trademarks/fees_index.shtml R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 49

APPENDIX FOUR: DESIGNS

Registration of a design The Designs Act 2003 (Cth) provides a basis for registering a ‘design’ in relation to a particular product. ‘Design’ registration protects the visual appearance of a manufactured or hand made product, as opposed to the function of that product. In particular, design registration protects the ‘overall appearance’ of a product resulting from a visual feature such as shape, configuration, pattern or ornamentation.39

Applying for design registration A person may file a design application in relation to one or more designs.40 The design application must identify, for each design, the product or products in relation to which the design is sought to be registered, sufficiently to enable each product to be classified in accordance with the Locarno Agreement.41

The application fee in relation to all design applications made under the Designs Act 2003 (Cth) (i.e. from 17 June 2004) is $200 per design.42

What are the requirements for registration? A design must be new and distinctive in order to be registrable.43 A design is deemed to be new unless it is identical to a design that forms part of the ‘prior art base’ for the design.44 A design is deemed to be distinctive unless it is substantially similar in overall impression to a design that forms part of the ‘prior art base’ for the design.45 The ‘prior art base’, against which a design is assessed in terms of its newness and distinctiveness, consists of: (a) designs publicly used in Australia; (b) designs published in a document within or outside Australia; and (c) designs disclosed in a design application with an earlier priority date than the designated design.46

In general, a design must be new and distinctive as at the ‘filing date’ of the relevant application in order to be registrable.47

39 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), ss 5, 6 and 7. 40 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), ss 21 and 22. 41 Designs Regulations 2004 (Cth), regulations 4.04(1)(c) and 4.05(1)(c). The Locarno Agreement refers to the Agreement establishing an International Classification for Industrial Design, signed at Locarno on 8 October 1968. 42 According to the IP Australia website: http://www.ipaustralia.gov.au/designs/fees_index.shtml (as at 13 July 2004) 43 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), ss 15 and 27. 44 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 16 (1). 45 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 16 (2). 46 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 15(2). 47 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), ss 15 and 27. R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 50 The person who ‘created’ a design is generally entitled to be entered as the registered owner of that design.48

Rights conferred by a registered design The owner of a registered design has the exclusive right (during the term of registration of the design) to make, use, sell or otherwise dispose of a product in relation to which the design is registered.49 A person infringes a registered design if (without the licence or authority of the registered owner of the design) s/he makes, uses, sells or otherwise disposes of a product (in relation to which the design is registered) that is identical to, or substantially similar in overall impression to, the registered design.50

However, the owner of a registered design may only bring infringement proceedings if the design has been examined and a certificate of examination has been issued.51 The process of examination requires the Registrar to determine whether or not the design can be revoked on the basis that it is not a registrable design.52 Any person may request that a registered design be examined by a Registrar and the Registrar must examine the design upon such a request.53 The Registrar may also examine a design on the Registrar’s initiative.54

Term of protection Designs are initially registered for a term of 5 years from the filing date of the design application;55 however, the owner of a registered design may apply to renew the registration for a further term. 56 Thus, the maximum term of registration of a design is 10 years from the filing date of the design application.57

48 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 13(1)(a). 49 Designs Act 2003 (Cth) s 10(1). A registered owner of a design also has the exclusive right to authorise another person to do any of these acts: Designs Act 2003 (Cth) s. 10(1)(f). 50 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 71(1). 51 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 73. 52 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), ss 65(1) and 65(2). 53 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 63(1). 54 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 63(2). A court may also order such examination: s 63(1). 55 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 46(1)(a). 56 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 47(1). 57 Designs Act 2003 (Cth), s 46(1)(b). R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 51

MORE INFORMATION

Full data on all companies in the R&D and Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2004 can be obtained from the Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia in the form of an EXCEL file. The file contains full rankings by R&D, patent, trade mark and design (both intensity and absolute amount). These data provide the most comprehensive benchmarking data on innovation available. The cost of the data file is $A150 (including GST). For further details visit: http://www.ipria.org

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

IPRIA would like to thank Rod Crawford, Sean Applegate, Kay Collins, Leanne McConchie and Dave Cunningham from IP Australia and Jason Baker and Peter Headberry from IBISWorld Pty Ltd for their help with the data used for this publication.

COLLABORATORS

IBISWorld Pty Ltd is an on-line business information company, specialising in industry, enterprise and business environment statistics, analyses and forecasts. It has provided financial and R&D information for this publication. Its information covers the economies of Australia, the USA, Indonesia and Taiwan, with the EU and other countries coming on stream in the near future. IBISWorld Pty Ltd can be contacted in Sydney (02) 9290 1266, Melbourne (03) 9650 2166 or e-mail [email protected].

IP Australia is the federal government agency that grants rights in patents, trade marks and designs. It has provided the intellectual property information for this publication. The mission of IP Australia is to ensure that Australians benefit from the effective use of intellectual property, particularly through increased innovation, investment and trade. For further information on IP Australia, visit www.ipaustralia.gov.au or contact Kay Collins on (02) 6283 2402.

R&D Intellectual Property Scoreboard 2005 52