Advances in Engineering Research, volume 203 Proceedings of the 2nd Borobudur International Symposium on Science and Technology (BIS-STE 2020)

The Level of Critical Land in West Using Geographic Information Systems Barzian Ali Aktab1,* Febrita Susanti1 Sri Apriani Puji Lestari1

1Universitas Muhammadiyah , Jl. K.H.Ahmad Dahlan No.1 , Nusa Tenggara Barat, *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Critical land is land that is caused by a decrease in the quality of the land as a medium for vegetation and a medium for water management, which causes the land to be degraded due to various types of land resource use that do not pay attention to the land. continuity. This study aims to analyze and map the level of criticality of land in the spatial pattern of West Lombok . The analytical method used in determining the critical level of land in this study is the overlay method of spatial data based on parameters from the Regulation of the Director General of Watershed Management and Social Forestry Number: P.4 / V-SET / 2013 Regarding Technical Guidelines for Compiling Spatial Data for Critical Land, which consists of: indicators of land cover, slope, erosion hazard level, productivity, and management. The results of this study are the classification of the criticality level of land in protected forest areas, agricultural cultivation areas and areas outside forest areas which consist of lands with critical, moderately critical, potentially critical, and non-critical calcifications.

Keywords: Critical Land, Regulation, Geographic Information Systems.

1. INTRODUCTION steep slopes. Diversity the morphology of the area, West Lombok Regency has saved natural resources are quite The increasing population growth in each region abundant, such as fertile land, areas forests, producing causes the need for land is also increasing[1]. Because mining materials, and many other wealth resources other land is resources that are very important in meeting the natural forces, both classified as biotic and abiotic needs of human life, so a lot of land is used either as space utilized by the community. But in using it, the community needs living, cultivating crops, and as a supporting West Lombok Regency still doesn't pay attention to capacity for economic activity. In addition, the sustainability land. One of the cases of environmental occurrence of environmental destruction such as destruction that occurred in the Regency West Lombok, deforestation or activities illegal logging, mining and namely in the form of forest encroachment that occurs in quarrying activities C, industrial activities and improper the area Nuraksa Forest Park (Tahura) covering an area agricultural practices (agrochemical contamination) in of 12 Ha. Forest encroachment This is done by burning land use causes a decrease in the quality of the land as the forest area for clearing new planting land for the media to grow plants and media to regulate the resulting community. Where is the result of forest encroachment it water system land becomes degraded [2]. Where this has been estimated that state losses amounting to IDR condition certainly causes a land becomes critical [3] [4] 45.07 billion [9]. [5] [6]. Critical land is not able to be effectively used for agricultural land, as a medium for regulating water Based on the regional characteristics which are the management, as well as protection natural environment main characteristics of critical land and there are still [7]. The main characteristics of critical land is bare, environmental destructive practices in the form of seems arid and even rocks appear on the ground and are encroachment forest which causes the land to be generally located in areas with hilly land topography or degraded thus causing land to become critical in West steep slopes [8]. Lombok Regency. Based on data from the Environment and Forestry Service of Nusa Tenggara Province West, West Lombok Regency is a district that has the in 2018 West Lombok Regency has critical land which is morphology of areas that are hilly / mountainous, plains, in the status of a production forest area of 2,111 Ha, a and coastal areas topography varies from flat, gentle and

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forest area protected 2,209 Ha, conservation forest area The location of this research is West Lombok 434 Ha, and outside the forest area 61 Ha. Regency which has the morphology of the hilly / mountainous, plains and coastal areas. Geographically, Based on the conditions described in the paragraph West Lombok Regency is located between 115o 49.12 above, there are various factors that cause land to become '04 "- 116o 20" 15.62 "East Longitude, and 8o 24" 33.82 critical in the West Lombok Regency area. So that critical "- 8o 55" 19 "South Latitude. West Lombok Regency land becomes one of the problems in West Lombok itself has an area of 1,053.92 Km2 which is divided into Regency. In addition, considering the need for land that 10 sub-districts. continues to increase along with the population increase while the land area does not increase. Therefore, in this study the researcher attempted to determine the level of 2.2. Data analysis method criticality of land in West Lombok Regency. The data analysis method used to determine the level of criticality of land in West Lombok Regency is by 2. METHOD scoring techniques and spatial data overlay methods based on the parameters of the Regulation of the Director The type of research used in this research is General of Watershed Management and Social Forestry quantitative research with a descriptive approach. Number: P. 4 / V-SET / 2013 Regarding Technical Guidelines for Spatial Data Compilation Critical Land in 2.1. Research Sites the following diagram (Figure 1).

Figure 1 Data Analysis Method

cover that has the least area is in the bad land cover class 3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION of 1,528.78 Ha. The area for land cover with good class has an area of 13,097.51 Ha. At land cover with medium 3.1. Land Cover class, it has an area of 9,396.59 Ha. And land cover with a very bad class, which has an area of 32,276.69 Ha. The The results of land cover analysis in West Lombok following is the data on the results of land cover Regency show that land cover with very good class has classification in West Lombok Regency (Table 1 and the largest area, namely 49,092.43 Ha. And the land Figure 2).

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Table 1. Classification of Land Cover

Grade Percentage of Header Cover (%) Score Score × Weigh (50) Area (Ha) Very Good > 80 5 250 49.092,43 Well 61-80 4 200 13.097,51 Moderate 41-60 3 150 9.396,59 Bad 21-40 2 100 1.528,78 Very Bad < 20 1 50 32.276,69

slope of 25 - 40% with steep slope class has an area of 3.2. Slope 26,191.48 Ha and on slopes> 40% with very steep slope The results of the slope classification in the West class has an area of 13,417.09 Ha. Where the slope that Lombok Regency area are dominated by a slope of 0 - has slope class is getting steep, the more sensitive it will 8% with a flat slope class having an area of 30,064.48 Ha. be to erosion so that the risk of critical land will also be The slope area of 8-15% with gentle slope class has an even greater. The following is the weighting data on the area of 17,535.48 Ha. Slope slope 15-25% with a rather slope parameters of West Lombok Regency (Table 2 and steep slope class has an area of 18,183.47 Ha. Then the Figure 3).

Table 2. Calcification of Slope Slope of West Lombok Regency

Slope Grade Score Score × Weight (20) Area (Ha) 0 – 8 % Flat 5 100 30.064,48 8 – 15 % Sloping 4 80 17.535,48 15 – 25 % A Little Steep 3 60 18.183,47 25- 40 % Steep 2 40 26.191,48 >40 % Very Steep 1 20 13.417,09

Lombok Regency, ranging from moderate to very severe, 3.3. Erosion Hazard Level has an area of 66,960.94 Ha (63.54% of the area of West The results of the analysis of the status of the erosion Lombok Regency). This shows that the area of West hazard level in West Lombok Regency are dominated by Lombok Regency is at risk of extensive erosion hazards the level of severe erosion hazard with an area of so that the risk of developing critical land will also be 37,915.51 Ha (35.98% of the area of West Lombok even greater. The following is a table of the status of Regency). Meanwhile, the risk of erosion in West erosion hazard levels in West Lombok Regency (Table 3 and Figure 4). Table 3. Status of Erosion Hazard Level in West Lombok Regency

Erosion Rate (ton/ha/year) Erosion Hazard Grade Erosion Hazard Level Score × Weight (20) Area (Ha) < 15 I Very Light 0 13343.42 15 - 60 II Light 5 25087.64 60 -180 III Moderate 4 19714.32 180 - 480 IV Weight 3 37915.51 > 480 V Very heavy 2 9331.11 Total 105392.00

commodities is optimal in traditional management:> 3.4. Calculation of the Level of Productivity 80%). Except in the area of Batulayar Subdistrict, which The classification of agricultural productivity in West has a low agricultural productivity classification (Ratio to Lombok Regency is from very high class and low class. optimal general commodity production in traditional Where in general the amount of productivity of management: 21-40%). The following is a table of agricultural products in the West Lombok Regency is agricultural product productivity in West Lombok very high class (the ratio to the production of general Regency in 2019 (Table 4).

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Table 4. Productivity of Agricultural Products in West Lombok Regency in 2019

Productivity of Agricultural Products in West Lombok Regency in 2019 Sub-district Harvested Production Productivity Amount of Score × Grade Score Area (Ha) (Ton) (Ton/Ha) Productivity (%) Weight (30) Sekotong 17232 99736.70 5.79 116.15 Very High 5 150 Lembar 5969 32775.20 5.49 107.17 Very High 5 150 8569 52054.00 6.07 105.40 Very High 5 150 Labuapi 3719 20426.73 5.49 102.47 Very High 5 150 Kediri 3766 24251.10 6.44 116.62 Very High 5 150 Kuripan 3526 20214.70 5.73 107.48 Very High 5 150 Narmada 5911 33139.70 5.61 96.40 Very High 5 150 Lingsar 3953 22855.50 5.78 102.56 Very High 5 150 Gunungsari 2251 15364.15 6.83 120.78 Very High 5 150 Batulayar 1918 2941.50 1.53 29.11 Low 2 60

Lombok Regency is complete. Then the management 3.5. Management value for determining critical land in the West Lombok The results of the management classification show Regency is given a value of 50. that the management of protected forest areas in West

Table 5. Classification of management for determination critical land in West Lombok Regency

Completeness of Score × Weight Management of Protected Forest Area Management Aspects Size/ Description Score (10) There is there is no Area boundaries exist √ Supervision safeguards exist √ Complete *) 5 50 Extension carried out √

Figure 2 Land Cover Figure 3 Slope

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Figure 4 Erosion Hazard Level Figure 5 Management

dominates is land with non-critical classification 3.6. The Level of Criticality of Land in covering an area of 24,689.35 Ha. The critical land Protected Areas classification has an area of 56.34 Ha and for the land area with a slightly critical classification it has an area of The results of the analysis of the criticality level of 206.19 Ha. While the classification of critical potential land in the protected forest area of West Lombok lands has an area of 875.36 Ha (Figure 7). Regency are 3,714.38 Ha of land with a rather critical land classification. While the classification for potentially critical land has an area of 5,619.37 Ha. 3.8. The Critical Level of Land in Outer Areas Where the level of land criticality that dominates in the Outside the Forest Zone protected forest area of West Lombok Regency is land The results of the analysis of the criticality level of with non-critical classification covering an area of land in areas outside the forest area of West Lombok 15,745.19 Ha (Figure 6). Regency, there is a level of criticality with the critical land classification having an area of 587.37 Ha and 3.7. The Level of Soil Criticality in the slightly critical land covering an area of 3,122.53 Ha. Cultivation Area Meanwhile, the dominant land criticality level is land with non-critical classification with an area of 43,637.05 The results of the analysis of the criticality level of Ha. And the classification of critical potential land has an land in the agricultural cultivation area of West Lombok area of 7,138.87 Ha (Figure 8). Regency, that the level of criticality of the land that

Figure 6 The level of criticality of land in protected areas Figure 7 the level of soil criticality in cultivation area

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Figure 8. The critical level of land in outer areas outside the forest zone

Sufficiency (Case in West Kalimantan Province, 4. CONCLUSION Indonesia)," in International Conference on The level of criticality of land that dominates in the Enviromental Resources management in Global protected forest area of West Lombok Regency is land Region, 2019. with non-critical classification covering an area of [5] R. E. Bilsborrow, A. F. Barbieri and W. Pan, 15,745.19 Ha. Then the level of criticality of land in the "Changes in Population and Land use over tme in the agricultural cultivation area of West Lombok Regency, Ecuadorian Amazon," Acta Amazonica, vol. that the level of criticality of the land that dominates is XXXIV, no. 4, pp. 635-647, 2004. land with non-critical classification covering an area of 24,689.35 Ha. And for the level of land criticality that [6] S. Y. J. Prasetyo, B. H. S, K. D. Hartomo, M. dominates in the outer areas outside the forest area of Paseleng and B. Nuswantoro, "Geographic West Lombok Regency, namely land with non-critical Information System of Critical Level of Land classification with an area of 43,637.05 Ha. Degradation (Critical Land) Based on Agro- ecological Zone (AEZ) in Agricultural Areas with REFERENCES Recombination Method of Fuzzy Logic and [1] R. F. Putri, M. Naufal, M. Nandini, D. S. Dwiputra, Scoring," IJCSI International Journal of Computer S. Wibirama and J. T. S Sumantyo, "The Impact of Science Issues, vol. X, no. 6, pp. 217-221, 2013. Population Pressure on Agricultural Land," in IOP [7] M. Rosyada, Y. Prasetyo and H. , "Penentuan Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Tingkat Lahan Kritis Menggunakan Metode 2019. Pembobotan dan Algoritma NDVI," geodesi [2] A. Kurniawan, F. Susanti and S. R. Yunianti, UNDIP, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 85-94, 2015. "Strategy to develop tourism objects at Ijobalit, a [8] N. Bashit, "ANALISIS LAHAN KRITIS former," in IOP Conf. Series: Earth and BERDASARKAN KERAPATAN TAJUK POHON Environmental Science, Mataram, 2020. MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SENTINEL 2," Jurnal [3] M. Mortimore, "Population Growth and Land Geodesi dan Geomatika, vol. 2, no. 01, pp. 71-79, Degradation," GeoJurnal, vol. XXXI, no. 1, pp. 15- 2019. 21, 1993. [9] B. D. Pratama, Polhut Mengungkap Kasus [4] R. E. Putri, M. Naufal, D. S. Dwiputra, S. Wibirama Perambahan 12 Hektar Lahan Tahura Nuraksa, and J. T. S. Sumantyo, "The impact of Population Mataram: ANTARA News Mataram, 2019. Pressure on Agricultural Land towards Food

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