A.23 Philippines – 2013 - Typhoon - Overview Overview

Hidden project details Natural Disaster Overview Philippines - Typhoon Haiyan

A.23 Overview - Philippines - Typhoon Haiyan Natural Disaster

Emergency: Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda), Summary of emergency: Philippines. Typhoon Haiyan (locally known as Yolanda) was Date: 8th November 2013. one of the largest typhoons ever to make landfall, and the deadliest in the history of the Philippines. It brought Impact: 1.12 million houses damaged. Over 4 unprecedented levels of damage to a vast area of the million people displaced. country, affecting more than 10% of the population.

PHILIPPINES: Damaged houses (as of 18 Nov 2013 18:00 UTC+8)

OCCIDENTAL IV-A MINDORO V SORSOGON # houses damaged ORIENTAL BICOL > 10,001 MINDORO Allen Catarman Palapag VIII 5,001 - 10,000 REGION 2,001 - 5,000 Catubig EASTERN 1,001 - 2,000 ROMBLON NORTHERN MASBATE SAMAR VISAYAS < 1,000 No data IV-B Malaga Oras MIMAROPA Tinambacan Calbayog WESTERN Dolores VI SAMAR 1.1 million WESTERN Wright EASTERN houses damaged Kalibo VISAYAS SAMAR Roxas AKLAN Naval Caibiran Borongan 52% 48% partially totally BILIRAN damaged damaged San Isidro Leyte Tacloban CAPIZ Tunga NUMBER OF DAMAGED Jaro Palo HOUSES BY REGION Balangiga (IN THOUSAND) Bogo Ormoc Tanauan Giporlos Guiuan Cadiz Dagami VIII 505 ANTIQUE Pototan Saravia 379 Janiuay Vito Burauen Dulag VI Fabrica 142 Sibalom ILOILO Silay Toboso Borbon Merida VII Talisay Salamanca Typhoon Haiyan IV-B 33 PALAWAN Leon Oton Jaro Tuburan San San Bacolod Francisco 12 Tigbon LEYTE V Jose Tigara Concepcion 1 Miagao IV-A Santo Niño Poro CARAGA 1 La Carlota VII GUIMARAS 0 CENTRAL SOUTHERN XI Tabon X 0 Magallon VISAYAS LEYTE Cadre Cebu Calamba Bien Unido DINAGAT Himamaylan Carcar SLANDS Binicuil CAR Kabankalan Dumanjug Argao NEGROS I II BOHOL OCCIDENTAL CEBU III IV-A CALABARZON SURIGAO DEL NORTE Manila Bais Tagbilaran V Tanjay IV-B VIII Pamplona XIII VI Dumaguete CARAGA Santa Catalina VII The boundaries and NEGROS Dauin AGUSAN DEL IX X XIII names shown and the CAMIGUIN designations used on ORIENTAL SIQUIJOR NORTE SURIGAO ARMM Siaton XI this map do not imply DEL SUR official endorsement X XII or acceptance by AGUSAN The boundaries and names shown and the designations used tonhe thisUnit emapd N adotio nnots. imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. 50 km MISAMIS ORIENTAL DEL SUR Creation date: 18 Nov 2013 Glide number: TC-2013-000139-PHL Sources: GSI, UNK, DSWD Feedback: [email protected] www.unocha.org www.reliefweb.int https://philippines.humanitarianresponse.info Graphic: OCHA

Situation before the Much of the affected rural in some areas, over 6,000 people disaster and coastal population is highly lost their lives, and over 25,000 were Philippines is a lower-middle dependent on fishing and coconut injured. income country that is highly prone farming for their primary livelihoods. One-hundred-thousand people to volcanic, tectonic and climatic Land tenure is a major issue, with the remained in evacuation centres, and disasters. Averaging more than 20 majority of people living with varying many airports, seaports, roads and typhoons per year, the country has levels of formal or informal tenure bridges were rendered unusable, a well-developed disaster response arrangements on other peoples’ land. leading to substantial logistical and capacity, though Typhoon Haiyan transport issues. was exceptionally severe. Emergency Given the severity and scale, The country was still recover- Preparation and early warning Haiyan was designated as a Level 3 ing from Typhoon Pablo (December systems led to the evacuation of disaster by the IASC. 2012), the Zamboanga conflict 800,000 people. However, with (September 2013) and the Bohol sustained wind speeds of over Damage Earthquake (October 2013). 235km/hour, gusts over 300km/hour Haiyan left a swathe of damage and a tidal surge of up to five metres from Leyte and Samar in the east of

80 Natural Disaster Shelter Projects 2013-2014 A.23 the country right through to Palawan • Provide immediate, life- • NBZs to be determined by in the west. Over 1.1 million houses saving emergency shelter and hazard mapping as opposed to were damaged in the 100km corridor NFIs to 300,000 of the most an arbitrary 40m measurement. path, with more than 50% of these vulnerable households. totally destroyed. An additional Advocacy around durable 300,000 houses were damaged • Support for self-recovery to solutions both in situ and in resettle- outside of the 100km corridor. 500,000 households through ment sites continued throughout the Damage levels and typology varied incremental housing solutions response, especially around themes greatly across the affected areas. using consultative and of building back safer. Some areas were densely urban or participatory processes. peri-urban, comprised of a mixture Response phases of timber and masonry single- and A variety of recovery intervention In the first 10 months 570,000 multi-storey constructions such as types were proposed: the supply of households were provided with in Tacloban, Guiuan and Ormoc. materials for roofing and framing, emergency shelter, and 160,000 Other areas were remote, isolated salvaging lumber and debris for households were provided with a island and mountain communities, re-use, training of skilled and unskilled ‘durable roofing solution’. with primarily single-storey timber or labour, awareness-raising in safer Funding and material constraints bamboo-framed huts. Informal settler building practices, technical assis- meant that at the time of publica- communities by waterways were tance, and cash-based programmes. tion approximately another 140,000 some of the most heavily affected, The overall aim for the Shelter households will hopefully receive a due to storm surges. Cluster was to promote self-recovery shelter recovery solution (minor/major solutions and ultimately owner-driven repair kit, core shelter or permanent Displacement reconstruction practices. This resulted house), and thus a total of 300,000 Over four million people were in predominately the provision of households will hopefully be assisted displaced by the typhoon, with many shelter repair kits in the first year. - 60% of the original target. taking initial refuge in emergency As the emergency phase receded, evacuation centres and larger public the Shelter Cluster consulted with Future developments and facilities. Some evacuated to safe organisations and government coun- challenges areas including Manila and Cebu. terparts to develop recovery guide- Disaster-resistant construction Over the coming months many lines that advocated for prioritising knowledge and practice remains low found themselves living in small tent permanent solutions, with adherence amongst much of the affected area. cities, government-managed bunk- to key principles, and parameters High background poverty levels, houses (emergency barracks), or with around safety, adequacy, appro- land rights’ issues and poor enforce- host families, though the majority priateness and accessibility, where ment of building regulations have remained on-site, living in self-made possible. combined to create a building culture makeshift shelters. These Recovery Guidelines of low quality construction. A short time after the initial emphasised that temporary assis- Changes in dominant building disaster a ”No Build Zone” (NBZ) tance in high-risk areas, where materials, from timber and bamboo of 40 metres from the coast was allowed, should include preparedness frames with ‘nippa’ thatched roofs declared across the affected area, and evacuation plans. and woven bamboo walls to materials leaving more than 200,000 families The guidelines also used the Right such as plywood cladding, masonry facing permanent relocation. to Adequate Housing as one of its walls and CGI roofing have occurred underlying principles, and organisa- without corresponding changes in Shelter strategy tions were encouraged to ensure that technical construction knowledge, The Philippines’ Humanitarian assistance was provided regardless of increasing the risk of catastrophic Country Team Strategic Response tenure status. failure when disasters strike. Plan’s overall goal was to ensure Given the early Government Global warming is likely to that ‘Communities and local govern- announcement of a proposed 40m increase the intensity and frequency ments recover from the disaster, build NBZ, the Shelter Cluster worked with of storms, whilst population growth back safer and avoid relapses while the CCCM, Protection, WASH, and and increasing urbanisation are strengthening resilience’. Early Recovery & Livelihoods Clusters predicted to increase vulnerable The Shelter Cluster strategy was in the development of three HCT urban and peri-urban populations. developed within the first month, in endorsed inter-cluster advisories on: This, combined with poor consultation with Cluster partners building practices, may result in an and the Department of Social Welfare • Recommended minimum increased risk of future displacement. and Development (DSWD – the Gov- standards for bunkhouses. Addressing these increasing risks in ernment lead for the shelter cluster). the housing sector remains a major Two objectives were formulated: • Standards for relocation to challenge for the Philippine Govern- transitional sites. ment and other organisations.