Technologie & Materialien,Zerspanung, Schlei
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6 Diamantenkunde 1/2008Serie A visit to Mirny The first thing which came to my attention when I looked out of the small window of the Alrosa air plane was an enormous crater, the famous „big hole“ of Mirny. The crater is spiralling down to a depth that is hardly visible from above, and I learn later that it is in the range of !"! meters. The „big hole“ is what remained of the Mir pipe, the first kimberlite pipe that was worked for diamonds in Yakutia, from #$!% till "&&'. It is one of the largest pipes, both in Russia and worldwide. Technologie & Materialien,Zerspanung,Von Elisabeth Strack Schleifen & Polieren, Abrichttechnik, The view from the top is even The Mir pipe Ekaterina Elagina and Vla- Umformtechnik,more impressive than I Holzbearbeitung,had dimir Avdeenko during the Dienstleistungen, Verbände, Management, expected from photographs. Still sleepy after a seven hours’ long Amakinskaya expedition There is a striking resemblance night flight from Moscow , I to what was then the Yakut Technologiewith & the other Materialien, „big hole“ , the miss the unique opportunity Zerspanung,ASSR. At that time, the Sowjet Schleifen & Polieren, Abrichttechnik, one from Kimberley in South to take a photograph of the Union was in urgent need of Africa. The city of Kimberley, „big hole“ from above. I can industrial diamonds for its Umformtechnik,named itself after a British Holzbearbeitung, only hope that another oppor- growing steel industry and had Dienstleistungen, Technologie & Materialien, governor at the time of the tunity will present itself later. made a decision to prospect diamond discoveries in the A newspaper article comes to Zerspanung,last quarter Schleifen of the !"th centu- my mind which mentioned& Polieren, that Abrichttechnik, Umformtechnik, Holzbearbeitung, ry, has later given its name to the airzone above the pipe is the diamond-containing rock closed for helicopters as there within the pipes: kimberlite. is the danger that they get „sucked in“ by an downward The airplane is filled up to the airflow. I conclude that from last seat. When we approach the sheer size of the „big hole“ Mirny, all passengers are sud- this seems understandable. denly awake, forgetting about the narrow seating conditions Two days later I have indeed and trying to catch a glimpse an opportunity to take pho- of the famous sight. After a few tographs of the Mir pipe. Our seconds, the sight is over, and group is driven to the pipe, the plane is preparing to land which is situated just outside at Mirny airport which is situ- of Mirny, and from the loftily ated about # kilometers east constructed viewing-plat- of the city centre. The airport form, secured in the ground operates $# hours a day and is by thick steel cables, we are used not only by Alrosa’s own allowed to take a glimpse airline, Alrosa Mirny Air Enter- over the edge into the depth prise, but a few other small of the crater (Abb. !, $, %). local airlines. Besides, it is a designated emergency airfield The Mir pipe was the first for the cross-polar route bet- diamond pipe worked in the ween North America and Asia. USSR, discovered on June !%, !"&& by Yuri Khabardin, Abb. ! + $: Mir pipe (big hole) for diamonds in the region Operation of the Mir pipe star- of the Siberian platform in ted in !"&(. In March !"&(, the 7 1/2008 its Far East where kimber- first processing plant, called lite pipes with diamonds plant No. !, was brought in a were suspected to occur. dismantled state from the dia- mond workings in the northern Kimberlite pipes are volcanic Ural mountains, it was instal- pipes of a conical to cylindrical led within a few months by the shape , formed within !.& - $ combined efforts of all those kilometres of the surface when working in Mirny. Plant No. $ highly pressured magma from followed in July !"&+ and plant very deep mantle-derived sour- No. # in September !"&+. Plant ces (!&' to #&' km in depth) No. % was established in !"**. Abb. %: Platform on top explodes upwards. The depth By the year !"((, the hole that nights do not really get of the Mir pipe of melting makes kimberlit, had a depth of $%.& metres. dark, as we are not too far an ultramafic igneous rock, from the polar circle (only prone to hosting diamond xe- In $''!, open pit mining was about #&' kilometres away). nocrysts. It contains a number stopped and workings were of other minerals, as pyrop, finally closed down on April The small airport is the only peridot, yellow zircon and %', $''#. About !*& million gate to the outside world. chrome diopside. They are cubic metres of rock have been There are no trains going to seen as indicator minerals for removed since operations and from Mirny, and access by the presence of diamonds. In began in !"&(. At the time of car is confined to a few roads Yakutia, the minerals are mi- closing the pipe had a surface leading only to places in the Technologie & Materialien,Zerspanung, Schleifenned together with diamonds. &diameter Polieren, of !$&' metres and immediate Abrichttechnik,outskirts. The dirt a depth of &$& metres. At the road to the Internationalnaya The pipes can reach a diame- bottom, the diameter was in mine, situated !( kilometers Umformtechnik, Holzbearbeitung, Dienstleistungen,ter of a few hundred metres the range Verbände,of %!' metres. The from Mirny, is an expample Management, to one kilometer and more at length of the spiral road win- for such a road, we shall use the surface. They were formed ding down the crater is about it the next day for our visit of Technologie & Materialien, Zerspanung, Schleifen(' to !&' million years ago. &(.( kilometres. Polieren, The pipe had the underground Abrichttechnik, mining ope- Towards the surface, the kim- been worked by excavators ration. Transport by land is berlite rock suffers alteration who loaded the rock on Be- easier on snow roads in winter. Umformtechnik, Holzbearbeitung, Dienstleistungen,and turns by serpentinization laz trucks Technologiewhich delivered it & Materialien, into a bluish looking rock, to the plants. There was no When we leave the airport, named blue ground. Even blasting involved. Preparatory we get the first view of the Zerspanung, Schleifen & Polieren, Abrichttechnik,further to the surface, the worksUmformtechnik, for future underground city – is seems to be hidden Holzbearbeitung, colour changes by weathering mining have already begun as behind a scenery of factory to yellow (yellow ground). the actual depth of the pipe is buildings. They are processing about !$'' metres. There are plants, as we shall learn later. The name „Mir“ which was also plans for reworking the There is something in the air chosen for the pipe means as old tailings of the first decades which I cannot exactly descri- much as „peace“ in Russian again at the Mirny plants. be but which I would identify language. A second meaning as the smell of the north or is „world“. The words of the The history of Mirny the atmosphere of an isola- telegramm which was sent by ted place somewhere in the the expedition members to A beautiful sunny day with a north, resembling an alpine Moscow have later become nice fresh breeze is awaiting resort. We are indeed finding famous in Russia: „Lit the us outside when we leave the ourselves at a very isolated business.info peace pipe: tobacco is excel- airplane. It is difficult to ima- place, about +'' kilometers lent“. They announced the gine that temperatures can north of Lake Baikal and +$' beginning of a multi-million- go down to minus *' degrees kilometers west of Yakutsk, dollar diamond industry. Celsius in winter. They are also the state capital. There are reported to go as high as #' no mountains, however. The Two years later, the Mir pipe degrees Celsius in summer, city has a small river, the Irel- was to become the first we consider ourselves lucky yakh, which forms part of the diamond pipe worked in the that this is apparently not yet basin of Vilyuy river. We will USSR, after a government the case in early July $''(. cross Irelyakh river a few times diamond- commission had decided in There are also no mosquitos, during the next two days. !"&* to start exploitation be- contrary to many predictions, cause first trials had delivered but instead we shall have Fotos/Grafiken: ElisabethStrack diamonds of high grade. the pleasure of observing www. Most passengers who came ple directed by the Komsomol around in the streets seem 8 with us from Moscow are organization, and among them to make no noise, everything 1/2008 probably returning to Mirny were veterans of World War II is quiet, there is however where they normally live, they who were eager to start a new some traffic in the streets. have their families waiting life.The first settlers lived in Life seems to follow a certain for them at the airport. There tents, heated by big iron sto- pattern that was once predomi- are usually no tourists and it ves, as there were no houses. nant all over the Soviet Union. needs a special permit to visit the town. Our small group of In March !"&(, construction The nineteen fifties saw a seven people from five diffe- of the city started according swift progress. In !"&" there rent countries, accompanied to a general plan, the first were already &''' inhabi- by two Russian guides, came step of which was cutting of tants. From !"*' onwards, as participants of a pre-con- the surrounding woods in the small electric motors in ference trip to the International order to clear the territory the open pit, the industrial Gemmological Conference for the future town. The first zone and the settlement were which takes place in Moscow streets were being built with replaced by an electric power this year.