Blandfordia Species

Blandfordia species Blandfordia grandiflora Blandfordia punicea Plants can be grown from seed and usually take three years to flower. Older plants can be divided to obtain new plants. Plants have also been tissue cultured, but so far this approach has not produced the advantages sought of vigour nor evenness of growth. Growth in the seedling stage is slow, and 4-5 months will pass while the seedlings reach 5-6cm tall. Perhaps the reason why nature provides such prolific seeding of Blandfordia is the slow and hazardous establishment process which the plant must confront in nature. Blandfordia seedlings are slow growing with little ability to adjust or to correct their posture. But they are extremely tenacious so a plant, poorly established with bent roots and one or more leaves buried, may not prosper, but will not die. It could still be there, 6cm high after several years when its siblings are flowering. Added to this is the enormous variability of seed-grown plants. Even after good, equal care some plants will remain small while others will leap forward. Seedlings can be picked out from the germination trays once they have reached 6-7cm height. Or if necessary, they can remain for as long as a year and still become good plants. As with some other species, transplanting invigorates Blandfordia plants in a way which is not understood but taking them out and clean-rooting them and replanting can stimulate them. MAINTENANCE Watering and weed control require attention. Older plants need less frequent watering, but the species has a considerable need for water, especially during budding and flowering. Through the summer daily watering is required, but in the winter the need is less. Weeds can become a problem. Blandfordia does not compete well and can be choked out. HABITAT Some shade has been recognised as necessary for Blandfordia to do well in a mono-culture state but too much shade gives paler flowers as well as providing for excessively moist conditions with the disadvantages already discussed. Flowers are also protected against birds and strong winds. Blandfordia Potting Mix 25% composted pinebark fines 25% peatmoss or 25% composted hardwood sawdust 50% washed river sand .

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Blandfordia Grandiflora R. Br
i Ecology and evolution of self-fertilization in a perennial herb, Blandfordia grandiflora R. Br. (Liliaceae) by Mike Ramsey A thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of New England May 1995 Declaration I certify that the substance of this thesis has not already been submitted for any degree and is not being currently submitted for any other degree. I certify that the help received in preparing this thesis, and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this thesis. Mike Ramsey May 1995 Acknowledgements National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales granted permits to conduct my field research at Gibraltar Range and Yuraygir National Parks. National Parks and Wildlife Services of New South Wales and Queensland, and the Forestry Commission of New South Wales provided permits for the geographic variation study of this project. My many thanks to Rod Holmes from the Glen Innes office of the National Parks and Wildlife Service of New South Wales for providing accommodation at Gibraltar Range; this made the many extended field trips and hence the overall project possible. Dr Steven 0. Shattuck of the Division of Entomolgy, C.S.I.R.O., Canberra kindly examined the ants that I have referred to in Chapter 8. The technical staffs of the Depts of Botany and Zoology provided untold assistance and organised facilities whenever it was possible. From Botany, I thank Mike Henderson and particularly Warren Sheather who provided a wealth of knowled ge about plants in general. From Zoology, I thank Becky Francis, Louise Percival, Sandy Hamdorf, David Dye, Zolton Enoch, Kieth Cornish and Wayne Higgins.
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GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
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Morphological Variation Within the Genus Blandfordia (Liliaceae) in Relation to Its Environment
21 August 1992 Aust. Syst. Bot., 5, 373-85 Morphological Variation Within the Genus Blandfordia (Liliaceae) in Relation to Its Environment Carolyn L. PorterAB, David A. MorrisonA and Kristina A. JohnsonA *Department of Applied Biology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, N.S.W. 2007, Australia. BCurrent address: National Herbarium of N.S.W., Mrs Macquarie's Road, Sydney, N.S.W. 2000, Australia. Abstract The taxa in Blandfordia are often difficult to separate morphologically. A multivariate morphometric analysis of data from both herbarium and field samples suggests that the genus consists of at least four polythetically distinct taxa, corresponding to the traditional concepts of B. cunninghamii Lindley, B. grandifora R.Br., B. nobilis Smith, and B. punicea (Labill.) Sweet. The morphological boundaries between most of these species are arbitrary but are closely related to a number of environmental variables. Due to large intra-population variability, discrimination between these taxa is possible only on the basis of a combination of attributes, notably leaf width and margin sculpturing, and flower length and diameter. The morphological distinction between B. punicea and the other species is clear and seems to be maintained by its geographical isolation. The distinction between B. grandiflora and B. cunninghamii is based on vegetative rather than floral attributes and is made difficult by phenotypic response of B. cunninghamii plants to light intensity. Gene flow between these two species appears to be restricted by their separate habitats. The distinction between B. grandiflora and B. nobilis is based on floral rather than vegetative attributes and is related to latitude with the species being more distinct in the area of parapatry than in the area of allopatry.
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Biogeography of the Monocotyledon Astelioid Clade (Asparagales): a History of Long-Distance Dispersal and Diversification with Emerging Habitats
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats Birch, Joanne L ; Kocyan, Alexander Abstract: The astelioid families (Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanari- aceae) have centers of diversity in Australasia and temperate Africa, with secondary centers of diversity in Afromontane Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands. The global distribution of these families makes this an excellent lineage to test if current distribution patterns are the result of vicariance or long-distance dispersal and to evaluate the roles of tertiary climatic and geological drivers in lineage diversification. Sequence data were generated from five chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, rbcL, rps16-trnK, trnL-trnLF, trnS-trnSG) for 104 ingroup species sampled across global diversity. The astelioid phylogeny was inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence dates were estimated with a relaxed clock applied in BEAST. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed in ’BioGeoBEARS’ applying the corrected Akaike information criterion to test for the best-fit biogeographic model. Diver- sification rates were estimated in Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures [BAMM]. Astelioid relationships were inferred as Boryaceae(Blandfordiaceae(Asteliaceae(Hypoxidaceae plus Lanariaceae))). The crown astelioid node was dated to the Late Cretaceous (75.2 million years; 95% highest posterior densities interval 61.0-90.0 million years) with an inferred Eastern Gondwanan origin. However, aste- lioid speciation events have not been shaped by Gondwanan vicariance. Rather long-distance dispersal since the Eocene is inferred to account for current distributions.
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Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes
Networks in a Large-Scale Phylogenetic Analysis: Reconstructing Evolutionary History of Asparagales (Lilianae) Based on Four Plastid Genes Shichao Chen1., Dong-Kap Kim2., Mark W. Chase3, Joo-Hwan Kim4* 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2 Division of Forest Resource Conservation, Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, Gyeonggi- do, Korea, 3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea Abstract Phylogenetic analysis aims to produce a bifurcating tree, which disregards conflicting signals and displays only those that are present in a large proportion of the data. However, any character (or tree) conflict in a dataset allows the exploration of support for various evolutionary hypotheses. Although data-display network approaches exist, biologists cannot easily and routinely use them to compute rooted phylogenetic networks on real datasets containing hundreds of taxa. Here, we constructed an original neighbour-net for a large dataset of Asparagales to highlight the aspects of the resulting network that will be important for interpreting phylogeny. The analyses were largely conducted with new data collected for the same loci as in previous studies, but from different species accessions and greater sampling in many cases than in published analyses. The network tree summarised the majority data pattern in the characters of plastid sequences before tree building, which largely confirmed the currently recognised phylogenetic relationships. Most conflicting signals are at the base of each group along the Asparagales backbone, which helps us to establish the expectancy and advance our understanding of some difficult taxa relationships and their phylogeny.
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1 Full Paper 1 2 Title
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/628644; this version posted May 5, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Full paper 2 3 Title: Modularity and evolution of flower shape: the role of efficiency, development, and 4 spandrels in Erica 5 6 Authors: Dieter Reich1*, Andreas Berger1*, Maria von Balthazar2, Marion Chartier2, 7 Mahboubeh Sherafati3, Christian P. Klingenberg4, Sara Manafzadeh2, Yannick M. Staedler2 8 9 Affiliations: 10 1 Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Evolutionary and Systematic 11 Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria 12 2 Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Division of Structural and Functional 13 Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria 14 3 Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 15 Tehran, Iran 16 4 School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom 17 * Equal contribution 18 19 Corresponding author: Yannick M. Staedler 20 Telephone: +43 1 4277 54084 21 Email: [email protected] 22 23 Word count for the main body of the text: (Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, 24 Discussion, and Acknowledgements): 5490 25 Word count for Introduction: 1648 26 Word count for Materials and methods: 1032 27 Word count for Results: 1079 28 Word count for Discussion and Conclusion: 1645 29 Word count for Acknowledgements: 65 30 31 Figures: 5 in main text, 3 in supplementary. In colour: Fig. 1, 3, 4, 5, S1, S2, S3 32 Tables: 3 in main text, 10 in supplementary 33 Supporting Information: Methods S1, Notes S1, and Notes S2 34 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/628644; this version posted May 5, 2019.
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Blandfordia September 2020
Blandfordia North Shore Group SEPTEMBER 2020 (ABN 87 002 680 408) North Shore held a very successful plant sale on Saturday 22ⁿd and Sunday 23rd August at Ku-ring-gai Wildflower PLANT SALE garden despite Covid-19 restrictions. The purpose of the sale was to clean out our shade house to make room for new stock & to raise money for the Val Williams Scholarship. We usually sell our plants at the Ku-ring-gai Wildflower, Art and Garden Festival, but this event was cancelled this year and lots of our plants were ready for Bruce & Tania (partners) new homes. Our sale this year was done in accordance & Sue prepare with the requirements of a Covid-19 Safety Plan for a non- food market. Unusually, we didn't buy in plants to sell on consignment. The Covid-19 restrictions did mean, however, that we had to put considerably more effort and organisation into the sale beyond just getting the plants ready for sale. Covid 19 safety Members also had to fill new roles at the sale. plan in place Attendance was by pre-booking only, through me, to ensure safe spacing within Caley’s Pavilion. Customers were given arrival times, at 15 minute intervals, throughout Saturday and Sunday. This was a big change for most of them, as they are used to arriving at the start of a plant sale to get the best choice! I had many customers who wanted to arrive at the same time at the start of the sale on Saturday morning! However, when I explained that bookings were made on a first come first time available due to Covid restrictions, most were understanding.
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Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene Ndhf Thomas J
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 4 2006 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Thomas J. Givnish University of Wisconsin-Madison J. Chris Pires University of Wisconsin-Madison; University of Missouri Sean W. Graham University of British Columbia Marc A. McPherson University of Alberta; Duke University Linda M. Prince Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Givnish, Thomas J.; Pires, J. Chris; Graham, Sean W.; McPherson, Marc A.; Prince, Linda M.; Patterson, Thomas B.; Rai, Hardeep S.; Roalson, Eric H.; Evans, Timothy M.; Hahn, William J.; Millam, Kendra C.; Meerow, Alan W.; Molvray, Mia; Kores, Paul J.; O'Brien, Heath W.; Hall, Jocelyn C.; Kress, W. John; and Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2006) "Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/4 Phylogenetic Relationships of Monocots Based on the Highly Informative Plastid Gene ndhF Authors Thomas J. Givnish, J. Chris Pires, Sean W. Graham, Marc A. McPherson, Linda M. Prince, Thomas B. Patterson, Hardeep S. Rai, Eric H. Roalson, Timothy M. Evans, William J. Hahn, Kendra C. Millam, Alan W. Meerow, Mia Molvray, Paul J. Kores, Heath W. O'Brien, Jocelyn C. Hall, W. John Kress, and Kenneth J. Sytsma This article is available in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/ 4 Aliso 22, pp.
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LETTER Doi:10.1038/Nature12872
LETTER doi:10.1038/nature12872 Three keys to the radiation of angiosperms into freezing environments Amy E. Zanne1,2, David C. Tank3,4, William K. Cornwell5,6, Jonathan M. Eastman3,4, Stephen A. Smith7, Richard G. FitzJohn8,9, Daniel J. McGlinn10, Brian C. O’Meara11, Angela T. Moles6, Peter B. Reich12,13, Dana L. Royer14, Douglas E. Soltis15,16,17, Peter F. Stevens18, Mark Westoby9, Ian J. Wright9, Lonnie Aarssen19, Robert I. Bertin20, Andre Calaminus15, Rafae¨l Govaerts21, Frank Hemmings6, Michelle R. Leishman9, Jacek Oleksyn12,22, Pamela S. Soltis16,17, Nathan G. Swenson23, Laura Warman6,24 & Jeremy M. Beaulieu25 Early flowering plants are thought to have been woody species to greater heights: as path lengths increase so too does resistance5. restricted to warm habitats1–3. This lineage has since radiated into Among extant strategies, the most efficient method of water delivery almost every climate, with manifold growth forms4. As angiosperms is through large-diameter water-conducting conduits (that is, vessels spread and climate changed, they evolved mechanisms to cope with and tracheids) within xylem5. episodic freezing. To explore the evolution of traits underpinning Early in angiosperm evolution they probably evolved larger conduits the ability to persist in freezing conditions, we assembled a large for water transport, especially compared with their gymnosperm cousins14. species-level database of growth habit (woody or herbaceous; 49,064 Although efficient in delivering water, these larger cells would have species), as well as leaf phenology (evergreen or deciduous), diameter impeded angiosperm colonization of regions characterized by episodic of hydraulic conduits (that is, xylem vessels and tracheids) and climate freezing14,15, as the propensity for freezing-induced embolisms (air bub- occupancies (exposure to freezing).
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Introduction to the Walks and Talks Program at Ku
Australian Plants Society NORTH SHORE GROUP Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden Topic 1: INTRODUCTION AUSTRALIAN NATIVE PLANTS – NAMING THE PLANTS AND MAKING A START WITH THEIR IDENTIFICATION Did you know that, • The person who introduced the ‘binary’ system for classification of plants and animals (that is, describing them in terms of genus + species) was the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus • Linnaeus died in the same year that the first fleet arrived in Australia • By and large the traditional method of plant classification using plant morphology has been found to be consistent with classification based on DNA analysis The Botanical Naming of Plants BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME(S) Banksia serrata Old Man Banksia Saw Banksia Saw Leaf Banksia Bidens pilosa Cobbler’s Peg Farmer’s Friend Spanish Needle Herbe d’aiguille Ceratopetalum gummiferum Christmas Bush (in NSW) Prostanthera lasianthos Christmas Bush (in Victoria) To the newcomer the botanical name of a plant can seem quite strange. Using botanical names rather than common names, however, has many advantages. Botanical names are universal – they are the same regardless of the language being used. The names are based on Greek or Latin words, and their botanical use is world-wide. Their use also overcomes the problem of some plants having several common names (see Bidens pilosa, above) or of two plants having the same common name (see the two plants above called Christmas Bush). The botanical name often gives an indication of some distinguishing feature of a plant. Banksia serrata, for example, is a Banksia with serrated leaves. Genus and Species Every plant has a two-part botanical name.
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Growing Blandfordia (Christmas Bells) Commercially Agnote DPI-148 2Nd Edition, October 2003 Bettina Gollnow1, Gordon Dick2 and Paul Dalley2
Growing Blandfordia (Christmas bells) commercially Agnote DPI-148 2nd edition, October 2003 www.agric.nsw.gov.au Bettina Gollnow1, Gordon Dick2 and Paul Dalley2 INTRODUCTION the problems that have been experienced. A small- Christmas bells (Blandfordia) are a relatively new culti- scale trial plot is recommended. vated cut flower crop with excellent commercial po- Information on cultural practices is becoming avail- tential. The distinctive flowers have great consumer able and, although there is still much to be learned, appeal, due partly to their long vase life. Blandfordia joins progress in crop management and – especially – the select group of Australian native plants that sells harvesting, packing and marketing has made Blandfordia as a feature flower, similar to a spray of orchids or an growing an increasingly feasible commercial enterprise. A major obstacle in establishing Blandfordia com- anthurium bloom. On the export market, cultivated mercially remains the lack of uniform clones and flowers are more likely than bush-picked product to varieties to provide consistency of product with meet the necessary quality standards. predictable flower sizes, appearance and quality. A small group of growers is producing flowers for domestic and export markets. The information in this Blandfordia is a protected native plant and a licence is Agnote is based largely on their experiences. As with required to grow it for commercial purposes (see ‘Get- any new crop, intending growers should be aware of ting started’). The conditions pertaining to licences 1 Development Officer (Floriculture) NSW Agriculture, Menangle. 2 Commercial Blandfordia growers. Christmas bells are emerging as a crop with commercial potential. for commercial export have recently changed and are capsules develop from the flowers and contain small, described in more detail on page 7.
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Ericaceae Notes 2017.Pdf
Australian Plants Society NORTH SHORE GROUP Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden Topic 17: THE HEATH PLANTS (Ericaceae) Did you know that: • These straggly heath plants are some of the most beautiful of our native plant flowers. • Epacris impressa, Victoria’s floral emblem, is a member of this family. • Northern hemisphere Ericaceae include Heather and the commercially grown food crops, cranberries and blueberries and the popular ornamentals, azaleas and rhododendrons The Southern heaths are a Gondwana group distributed in Australia, South Asia and Argentina. The early botanists noted that this Gondwana group was similar to the hardy plants such as heather (family: Ericaceae) that dominate the heathlands and moorlands of Europe. The Australian plants were collectively called the Southern Heaths and assigned to the new family Epacridaceae. On the basis of findings in 2002 (in particular, from results of DNA analysis) the Australian heath plants were included in the same family as the northern heaths, the Ericaceae, but placed in a separate subfamily Styphelioideae this subfamily is further sub-divided into various tribes not shown in the diagram. In 2012 a change in the botanical rules of nomenclature made this classification invalid and the subfamily name was changed to Epacridoideae. For more details see ref at end. [Typification of some names in Epacridoideae (Ericaceae) by Darren M. Crayn, Kathleen A. Kron and Benjamin C. M. Potter (Telopea, Volume 17: 319-321, November 2014).) Shown in this diagram are those genera that occur in NSW (Those found in Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden are indicated in bold letters.) Family Subfamily Genus (-aceae) (-oideae) Sprengelia Northern Dracophyllum Hemisphere Richea and Budawangia African sub- Epacris families Woollsia Acrotriche Astroloma Ericaceae Brachyloma Leucopogon Lissanthe Australian Melichrus Sub-families Monotoca Pentachondra Styphelia Epacridoideae Trochocarpa Distribution Members of the Australian Ericaceae occur:- • All states except the Northern Territory, • Mostly absent from the arid interior.
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