APPENDIX 6-2

CULTURAL HERITAGE BASELINE

3

CULTURAL HERITAGE BASELINE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The following section presents a summary of the archaeological and historical background of the general area. This is presented by period as shown in Table 6.1 below, and has been complied to place the study area into a wider archaeological context.

SUMMARY OF BRITISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL TIME PERIODS AND DATA RANGES

PERIOD DATE RANGE

PREHISTORIC PERIOD:

Palaeolithic 500,000 – 10,000 BC

Mesolithic 10,000 – 3,500 BC

Neolithic 3,500 – 2,200 BC

Bronze Age 2,200 – 700 BC

Iron Age 700BC – AD 43

ROMANO-BRITISH AD 43 – AD 410

EARLY MEDIEVAL AD 410 – AD 1066

LATE MEDIEVAL AD 1066 – AD 1540

POST-MEDIEVAL AD 1540 – C1750

INDUSTRIAL PERIOD C.AD1750-1914

MODERN POST-1915

PREHISTORIC PERIOD (500,000 – AD 43)

The East landscape comprises archaeological evidence of Prehistoric settlements ranging from the Palaeolithic to Iron Age epochs. Palaeolithic settlements initially comprised of ‘hunter and gather’ communities and subsequent farming communities including sheep-and-corn farming, across the South and Eastern Downs. In the Neolithic epoch, the Eastern Downs landscape was characterised by downland forest clearlands which continued progressively into the Bronze Age and Iron Age epochs.1 The Bronze Age saw a dramatic shift away from the ceremonial, monumental landscape towards more advanced agricultural cultivation methods such as field systems, defined by earthwork banks and ditches. Evidence of enclosed settlements with round houses and farmsteads include those uncovered in the Chalk Downs, and at Itford Hill, .2

There is evidence of Prehistoric wetlands, known as the Willingdon Levels (DES10069) in the inner study area, comprising buried waterlogged prehistoric land surface and associated organic structures and remains. Further evidence of Prehistoric settlements includes the hill fort at Mount Caburn near , comprising a number of burial mounds or ‘barrows’ dating from Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age epochs.3 Further Iron Age activity is demonstrated by dykes and linear ditches at Ranscombe, near Lewes, located in the wider study area, and the Hillfort Ranscombe Camp (1014528) outside of the study area. The is evidence of Iron Age activity at the scheme comprising non-designated Drusillas settlement (DES9308) which was subsequently utilised by the Romans in the Romano- British period.

ROMANO-BRITISH PERIOD (AD 43 – AD 410)

Roman occupied Britain had varied impact on the Sussex landscape and in some areas had minimal interference on everyday Iron Age activity which permitted field systems, roundhouses and farmsteads to remain in use.4 It was the topography of West Sussex (near Chichester) that attracted Roman settlers, where projected chalklands of the Ouse Valley provided key lookout points over expansive villas on the flat low-lands.5 The transitional belt between Eastern and Western Downs (now trees) comprises a Roman temple in the Iron-Age hillfort at Chanctonbury Ring.

There is evidence of Romano-British activity within the scheme footprint, in particular non-designated Roman roads such as Arlington to Ouse Valley (MES4753), to Cuckmere (DES9300), Greensand Way (DES10070, DES9301). Romano-British settlements in the scheme footprint have also been uncovered at Old Laylands (DES9307) and Drusillas (DES9308) reiterates the predominance of Romano-British activity at the location of the scheme. A Roman villa complex (DES8786) has also been uncovered at Prescot Court, Beddingham, located within the scheme footprint.

EARLY MEDIEVAL (AD 410 – AD 1066)

In the fifth century, the first known Anglo-Saxon settlement in Lewes utilised chalk outcrops, forming a river port and market, named ‘hlaew’ (hill). Sheltered by the forest to the north of the weald and a distance from the main routes from or Canterbury, Lewes established itself as an independent spirit and identity.

1 Brandon, P., (1998), The , 137. 2 South Downs National Park (2005), Integrated Landscape Character Assessment 14. 3 Brandon, P., 39. 4 South Downs National Park, 16 5 University of Brighton (2014) History of Lewes online resource https://folio.brighton.ac.uk/user/caw32/history-of- lewes (accessed 22nd January 2018)

By the 10th century, a growing network of administrative centres dominated the Sussex landscape, including the re-use of Roman sites (such as Chichester and Winchester), with others constructed on new sites (Lewes and Steyning for example). Many of these settlements comprised of mints with royal or aristocratic ties, forming part of a system of defended strongpoints known as burhs. Such earthwork defences are present at Lewes, East Sussex, located to the west of the study area.6

There is strong evidence of Anglo-Saxon settlements in the wider study area and within the scheme footprint. A number of cemeteries have been revealed such as the Scheduled site of Anglo-Saxon cemetery north of Comps Farm (DES9722) and Scheduled site of Anglo-Saxon inhumation cemetery at Manor Cottages (DES8148) located in the wider study area. In the inner study area, there is further evidence with the presence of the non-designated Saxon cemetery (DES9615) at the Comps, Glynde, including Saxon cemeteries, Saxon monastery and medieval hamlet (DES8786) at Prescot Court, Beddingham.

LATE MEDIEVAL (AD 1066 – AD 1540)

Medieval settlements in the South Downs comprised nucleated settlements set within common arable, and situated on the fertile Greensand shelf and the dip slope of the chalk.7 The manors were divided into tithings or townships, and each subsidiary holding had its own field systems. The arable lands of the eastern Downs tended to be unhedged common fields creating a ‘prairie’-like landscape, operating a highly developed form of arable farming based around crop rotations within several large fields and continuous cultivation. Traditional farming methods became more diverse and complex and depended primarily on locality, the nature of soils and socio-economic circumstances. In conjunction with sheep farming, corn growing in the Eastern Downs dominated the towns of Lewes and Berwick on edge of , in addition to the nearby villages of Glynde, Beddingham, and Lullington. There is evidence of a number of medieval settlements such as Selmston (DES8604), Folkington (DES8891) and Bay Tree Farm (DES9204) in the inner study area, and Wilmington (DES9203) and the northern extent of Alciston (DES9089) are located within the scheme footprint. In the 14th century, both the downland and Weald experienced a series of crop failures and increased rates of stock disease resulting in a weakened and impoverished population vulnerable to threats such as the plague.8

The Scheduled site of Wilmington Priory (DES8239) c.1200-1300, located in the wider study area, had a history of re-founding, originally under the Abbey of Grestain in Normandy c.1086, and subsequently founded as a Benedictine priory in 1243.9 The Abbey of Grestain is recorded as owning lands at Wilmington at the time of the Domesday Survey and a small cell had been founded on the site. The cell was enlarged in 1243 to accommodate several monks under a prior and was known as the Priory of St Mary but functioned more as a grange, supervising the Abbey’s English estates. It was suppressed alongside other alien priories in 1415 and granted to the Dean and Chapter of Chichester, then subsequently passed into private hands, becoming a manor house. The Scheduled site of Burlough Castle (DES9735), once an iconic motte-and-bailey castle, is situated on a chalk hill, east of Cuckmere River, acting as an entrance to the river valley near . Located in wider study area, the remaining earthworks of the castle include a D-shaped fortification where foundation walls originally stood.

6 South Downs National Park, 17 7 Brandon. 8 South Downs National Park. 9 Historic (2018), National Heritage List for England (NHLE)

Lewes and surrounding settlements benefited from north-south trade due to the trading town situated at the junction of the Ouse and the South Downs Way.10 Its importance as an administrative centre grew and this was maintained into the Tudor period in its contested claim to be the chief town of Sussex. The town now housed the county gaol, and the county court was held alternately at Lewes and Chichester. Quarterly-sessions for the western half of the county were held at Chichester and those for the east usually, though not always, in Lewes.11

POST-MEDIEVAL (AD 1540 – C.1750)

The post-medieval period saw the emergence of a modern market economy with increases in population and a more flexible land market. The communal aspects of medieval agriculture began to be replaced by farms run by individuals, however the eastern downs were still largely based around sheep farming, although flocks were being reduced due to overgrazing. From 1650 onwards, the sheepwalks began to be ploughed up for arable cultivation, represented by small surviving patches of early enclosures.12

The enthusiasm for Protestantism in the 17th century, fanned by the Marian persecutions, was strong in Lewes during which 17 persons were burned for heresy in the town, though none of them were local inhabitants.13 In the Post-medieval period, Lewes and surrounding areas continued to contribute to their local economy through farming and agricultural practices, with the rise of scattered settlements in close proximity to Lewes. One of the largest estates outside of Lewes, Wootton Manor (DES9738) has origins dating back as early as the 11th century, with lands in Wootton held by William the Conqueror's half-brother, Robert, Count of Mortain. In close proximity to the Roman Road known as ‘Old Road’ in the thirteenth century, the manor was constructed c.1653 on the foundations of original medieval house.

INDUSTRIAL PERIOD (C.1750 – AD 1901)

In the late 1700s, Lewes suffered from an outbreak of smallpox affecting up to 3,000 people before its industrialisation in the nineteenth century. In 1822, the town was lit by gas and by 1834, water pipes were installed, followed by construction of the railway and the expansion of foundries in the second half of the nineteenth century. In addition, the land north of Lewes along the River Ouse substantially developed which enhanced the river trade further up from Cliffe.14

Lewes was also affiliated with the Crimean War (1853-1856) with the old county jail housing a number of Russian prisoners and as a result, became a naval prison.15 The agricultural depression of the 1870s saw a decline in the importance of sheep on the downland which was subsequently lost to the plough, with some small farms abandoned or downgraded to a cluster of farm buildings.16

The 18th and 19th centuries also saw the development of large landscape parks with large expanses of grassland interspersed with extensive tree planting reflecting French, Italian and Dutch influences brought back from the Grand Tour of Europe. The great landowners stamped their identity on the landscape by the adoption of ‘estate liveries’, whereby farm buildings would be constructed to a common style and painted with a consistent colour scheme. Such influences lead to the creation of estate villages such as Firle (West Firle) and at Woolton Manor.

10 University of Brighton. 11 Salzman 940 12 South Downs National Park, 19 13 British History Online. 14 University of Brighton. 15 Salzman 1940 16 South Downs National Park, 20

In the Industrial period, agricultural villages and hamlets continued to dominate the East Sussex chalklands, including scattered settlements comprising of farmhouses and cottages lining the main road to London (now the A27). This was the case for Beddingham which includes Tollgate Cottage (DES1661), and Alciston; containing Forge Cottage (DES5220) and Corner Cottage (DES6307) which are located within the Scheme extent. There is one 19th century outfarm located within the Scheme extent – Carr’s Barn (MES32351) at , demonstrating the continued agricultural practices in this landscape. There is minimal evidence of industrial practices in the general areas, with the exception of the site of former brickyard (MES24667) located within the Scheme extent, in the large village of .

MODERN PERIOD (POST-1901)

The town continued to expand throughout the Edwardian times into the Modern period with large suburban residential growth surrounding the historic core.17 Industry also grew to the North east of the town, creating Malling Brooks and the Phoenix Industrial estates with increased road traffic through the town was relieved by the by-pass and the Cuilfail Tunnel.

During the First World War (1914-1918), fortunes rose when home-grown food was required to replace foreign imports, but the interwar period saw the onset of another period of depression. Evidence of the area’s involvement in the war is demonstrated by the Grade II War Memorial (DES1078) at Selmeston standing on a stone plinth, the front face of which bears the inscription: "To the memory of the men of Selmeston and Alciston who fell in the Great War 1914 -1918", followed by fifteen names.18

Reclaimed land was converted to arable at the beginning of the Second World War (WW2), but by 1942 the demands of military training became paramount and the arable was abandoned. Evidence for this includes the WW2 airfield (DES9313) at Milton Gate located in scheme footprint, Wilmington airfield (MES7867) and a WW2 hangar (MES7868) both in the inner study area. Some of the downland settlements were abandoned at this time, to be used for battle training (for example Stanmer in East Sussex), and the coastal strip at Cuckmere Haven contains an almost intact system of anti-invasion defences.

17 University of Brighton 18 NHLE

GAZETTEER OF HERITAGE ASSETS

A total of 256 heritage assets are present within the inner and wider study areas. Of these 113 are designated and include two Registered Parks and Gardens, four Scheduled Monuments, five Grade I, four Grade II* and 92 Grade II listed assets and six Conservation Areas. Those designated assets that lie within the scheme corridor include the Scheduled site of Deserted Medieval Settlement north of Church Farm (DES8329), Grade II Registered Park and Garden at Firle (DES305), and six Grade II listed assets that include a War Memorial (DES1078), Crossways Hotel (DES4954), Tollgate Cottage (DES1661), remains of way side cross (DES2253), Forge Cottage (DES5220) and Corner Cottage (DES6307). The three Conservation Areas of Berwick Village (DES9772), Selmeston (DES9853) and Wilmington (DES9886) also lie within the scheme corridor.

Of the 143 non-designated heritage assets present in the inner study area, 19 lie within the scheme corridor and comprise 11 Archaeological Notification Areas including: the projected course of the Arlington To Ouse Valley Roman Road, east of Greensand Way (DES10070 and DES901), site of Berwick medieval village (DES8603), Roman villa complex with Saxon cemeteries, Saxon monastery and medieval hamlet (DES8786), Alciston medieval village (DES9089), Wilmington medieval village (MES21822), associated below-ground remains of Pevensey to Cuckmere Romano-British road (DES9300), Heighton Deserted Medieval Villages (DES8787) Romano-British settlement at Old Laylands (DES9307), Prehistoric and Romano-British settlements at Drusillas (DES9308), WWII Airfield at Milton Gate (DES9313), Saxon cemetery and remains at The Comps, Glynde (DES9615).

The remaining non-designated assets within the 500m study area include the sites of Arlington to Ouse Valley Roman Road (MES4753), Former brickyard (MES25664), Carr's Barn (MES32351), Pound Place Burnt Mound (MES7331), Hearth and kiln opposite Leyland’s Barn (MES7333), Wilmington Medieval hamlet (MES21822) and site of a former brickyard (MES24667).

SCHEDULED MONUMENTS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

Deserted Medieval Settlement DES8329 Late Medieval Inside North of Church Farm

Part of an Anglo-Saxon DES8148 Inhumation Cemetery at Manor Early Medieval Outside Cottages

DES8239 Wilmington Priory Complex Late Medieval Outside

Anglo-Saxon Cemetery 275m DES9722 Early Medieval Outside North of Comps Farm

Remains of chapel at Otham DES9733 Multi-Period Outside Court

SCHEDULED MONUMENTS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

DES9734 The Holt Round Barrow Prehistoric Outside

Burlough Castle DES9735 Late Medieval Outside

DES9736 Icehouse at Firle Place Industrial Period Outside

GRADE I LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

DES6413 The Parish Church at Alciston Multi-Period Outside

The Tithe Barn south west of DES5227 Late Medieval/Post-medieval Outside Court House Farm

Main building of Wilmington DES5584 Late Medieval Outside Priory

The Parish Church of St DES5169 Multi-Period Outside Michael and All Angels

The Parish Church of St Mary DES4955 Multi-Period Outside and St Peter

The Parish Church of St Peter, DES6867 Late Medieval Outside Folkington

The Parish Church of St Peter, DES6785 Late Medieval Outside Firle

DES6788 Firle Place Multi-Period Outside

GRADE II* LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

DES1400 Late Medieval Outside Charleston House

GRADE II* LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

Central Building of Wootton DES5147 Early Medieval Outside Manor

DES5215 Court Farmhouse Late Medieval Outside

Ruins of Dovecote north west DES5216 Late Medieval Outside of Court House Farm

Firle Place Riding School of DES6786 Industrial Period Outside Firle Place

Folkington Manor Industrial Period Outside DES6872

DES6881 Polegate Windmill Industrial Period Outside

Chapel at Otteham Court DES6888 Late Medieval Outside

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

DES10798 War Memorial Modern Period Inside

DES1661 Tollgate Cottage Industrial Period Inside

Post-medieval / Industrial Forge Cottage Inside DES5220 Period

DES6307 The Corner Cottage Industrial Period Inside

DES2253 Remains of Way Side Cross Late Medieval Inside

DES4954 Crossways Hotel Industrial Period Inside

Post-medieval / 49 and 50 Polecat House Outside DES1360 Industrial Period

DES1361 51 Polecat House Industrial Period Outside

DES1371 Rose Cottage Post-medieval Outside

The North West Lodge of Firle Industrial Period Outside DES1396 Place

DES1398 Gibraltar Farmhouse Post-medieval Outside

DES1401 Firle Tower Cottage Industrial Period Outside

Farmhouse At 77 Heighton Industrial Period Outside DES1402 Street Post-medieval / Industrial Houses at 45-48 Polecat Outside DES1403 Period Post-medieval / Industrial Littledene Farmhouse Outside DES1465 Period Post-medieval / Industrial Cobwebs, Rowan Cottage Outside DES1466 Period

DES1657 Dairy Cottages Industrial Period Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Littledene Cottages Outside DES1659 Period

DES1660 House at Trevor Gardens Industrial Period Outside

DES1696 Newhouse Farmhouse Industrial Period Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Middle Farmhouse Outside DES1697 Period Houses at 81, 82 and 83 Post-medieval Outside DES1699 Heighton Street

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA South East Barn, Charleston Late Medieval / Post- Outside DES1953 Farm medieval

DES2109 Dairy Farmhouse Post-medieval Outside

DES2113 Crossways Cottage Post-medieval Outside Barn or Stables adjoining Post-medieval / Industrial Littledene Farmhouse to the Outside DES2129 Period north

DES2208 House at Trevor Gardens Industrial Period Outside

Firle Church of England School Industrial Period Outside DES2252 and School House Houses at 75 and 76 Heighton Post-medieval Outside DES2255 Street

DES4933 House at Sunnyside Post-medieval Outside

DES4934 Rose Cottage Post-medieval Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Orchard Cottage Outside DES4935 Period

DES4936 Hunter’s Dene Post-medieval Outside

Garden Wall to south west of Post-medieval Outside DES4937 Hunter’s Dene House at 22 (No Registered Post-medieval Outside DES4938 Name)

DES4939 House at Carnoy Milton Post-medieval Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial The Barn House Outside DES4956 Period

DES5002 Green House Post-medieval Outside

DES5004 House at Tilton Industrial Period Outside

DES5032 The Parish Church of St Mary Multi-Period Outside

DES5033 Flint House Industrial Period Outside

The Old Cottage and Post-medieval Outside DES5034 Honeysetts Cottage Stables, Cart-Shed and Post-edieval / Industrial Granary to the west of Court Outside DES5167 Period Farmhouse

DES5168 Frensham Cottage Post-medieval Outside

DES5170 The Rectory Industrial Period Outside

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

DES5171 4 and 5 (No Registered Name) Post-medieval Outside

51 and 52 (No Registered Post-medieval Outside DES5196 Name) 53 and 54 (No Registered Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES5197 Name) Period Post-medieval / Industrial Rose Cottage Inn Outside DES5218 Period

DES5219 The Old Clergy House Post-medieval Outside

DES5221 House At Sturtles Post-medieval Outside

Barn on West Side of Stable Post-medieval Outside DES5223 Yard at Wootton Mnor Houses at 34, 35 and 36 The Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES5230 Square Period

DES5234 Friars House Industrial Period Outside Gatehouse Cottage, Wootton DES5400 Farmhouse and Wootton Manor Post-medieval Outside Grange

DES5535 East View, Rose Cottage Post-medieval Outside

DES5583 The Old Forge Industrial Period Outside

DES5585 The Chantry Industrial Period Outside

DES5586 House at Priory Place Industrial Period Outside

DES5587 The Vicarage Post-medieval Outside

K6 Telephone Kiosk Opposite Modern Period Outside DES5636 Cricketers Arms Inn K6 Telephone Kiosk North of Modern Period Outside DES5637 Post Office Garden Building North Side of Industrial Period Outside DES5646 Forecourt at Wootton Manor Stables And Stable Yard Industrial / Modern Period Outside DES5647 Archway At Wootton Manor Lantern Cottage, Myrtle Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES5655 Cottage Period

DES5656 Twytten House Post-medieval Outside

DES5680 The Vicarage Industrial Period Outside

DES5823 Apsley Cottage Post-medieval Outside

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA Houses at 13 and 14 (No Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES5835 Registered Name) Period

DES5836 Elm House Industrial Period Outside

DES5922 Sherrington Manor Post-medieval Outside

Cottage at Tilton to North West Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES5923 of The House Period

DES5968 Pond Cottage Post-medieval Outside

DES5969 Lilac Cottage Post-medieval Outside

DES5970 Pond House Post-medieval Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Holly Tree Cottage Outside DES5971 Period

DES6295 Thatched Cottage Post-medieval Outside

DES6300 The Bakery Post-medieval Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial New Barn Farmhouse Outside DES6303 Period

DES6304 House at 33 The Square Post-medieval Outside

House At Chantry View, Industrial Period Outside DES6375 Farleigh K6 Telephone Kiosk Opposite Modern Period Outside DES6378 Rose Cottage Public House Barn in the fields about 60 Post-medieval / Industrial metres south east of Nos 51 Outside DES6412 Period and 52 (No Registered Name) Post-medieval / Industrial The Cricketers Arms Inn Outside DES6414 Period Post-medieval / Industrial Post Cottage Outside DES6533 Period Post-medieval / Industrial House at The Glebe Outside DES6534 Period Houses at 1 and 2 (No Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6539 Registered Name) Period

DES6652 The Cottage Post-medieval Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Greywethers Robin Cottage Outside DES6694 Period House at 57 (No Registered Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6695 Name) Period

DES6720 Old Inn House Post-medieval Outside

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

DES6724 Garden Wall east of Cottage Post-medieval Outside

DES6731 Thatched Cottage Post-medeival Outside

Rambler Cottage, Rosemway Post-medeival Outside DES6737 Cottage and Orchard Cottage Late Medieval / Post- Rookery Cottages Outside DES6739 medieval Nos. 1 and 2 Pear Tree DES6743 Cottage, Glynde Post Office Industrial Period Outside and The Little Cottage

DES6748 Malthouse Cottages Industrial Period Outside

Wisdoms, Welsted and School Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6749 View

DES6752 Forge Cottage Post-medieval Outside

Nos. 5 and 7 Hampden Gardens, Glynde and Industrial Period Outside DES6753 Beddingham Working Mens Club

DES6754 Old Vicarage Cottages Industrial Period Outside

Garden Wall and Gate Piers to Industrial Period Outside DES6755 west of Wharf Cottage

DES6756 Wharf Cottage Industrial Period Outside

DES6757 Glynde Mill Industrial Period Outside

DES6758 Nos. 32 and 33, The Street Industrial Period Outside

DES6759 The Cottage Post-medieval / Industrial Outside

DES6760 The Ram Inn Post-medieval / Industrial Outside

The Garden Wall of the Cottage DES6761 to the north west and south Industrial Period Outside east of the house

DES6762 The Cresent Industrial Period Outside

DES6763 The Stables of the Ram Inn Industrial Period Outside

DES6764 Old Vicarage Industrial Period Outside

DES6765 Black Tile House Industrial Period Outside

DES6766 Garden Wall of Old Vicarge Industrial Period Outside

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

DES6767 Nos. 29 And 29A, The Street Post-medieval / Industrial Outside

Premises of Peter Robinson Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6768 Builders

DES6769 Nos. 30 And 31, The Street Industrial Period Outside

DES6770 The Stables of Old Vicarge Industrial Period Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Nos. 23 And 24, The Street Outside DES6771 Period

DES6773 Nos. 20 And 21, The Street Industrial Period Outside

DES6772 No. 22, The Street Industrial Period Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Place Farmhouse Outside DES6774 Period Post-medieval / Industrial Barn at Place Farm Outside DES6775 Period Firle Post Office and S.C. Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6776 Fletcher’s Stores Period K6 Telephone Kiosk, The Modern Period Outside DES6777 Street Post-medieval / Industrial Nos. 4 And 5, The Street Outside DES6778 Period Post-medieval / Industrial Barn at Place Farmhouse Outside DES6779 Period Post-medieval / Industrial No. 14, The Dock Outside DES6780 Period

DES6781 Nos. 11 And 12, The Dock Post-medieval Outside

Church Farmshouse and Barn Post-medieval / Industrial or Farm Building adjoning to Outside DES6782 Period the West, with Flanking Walls

DES6783 Nos. 8 And 9, The Dock Post-medieval Outside

Summerhouse or Dairy at Firle Industrial Period Outside DES6787 Place The Garden Walls at Firle Industrial Period Outside DES6789 Place Post-medieval / Industrial Bushy Lodge Outside DES6791 Period

DES6794 Nos. 46 And 47, Nether High Post-medieval Outside

DES6795 Nos. 48 And 49, Nether High Multi-Period Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial House at Fairland Outside DES6796 Period

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

DES6797 Corins Restaurant Post-medieval Outside

DES6798 Wheelwrights House Post-medieval Outside

DES6799 Church Farm Cottages Industrial Period Outside

DES6838 Farm Cottage Multi-Period Outside

Dovecot to north-west of Post-medieval Outside DES6840 Berwick Courthouse Platform Waiting Room, Industrial Period Outside DES6841 Berwick Station Post-medieval / Industrial Berwick Court Outside DES6842 Period Station Building at Berwick Industrial Period Outside DES6843 Station Berwick Signal Box DES6844 Industrial Period Outside

DES6848 Burlow Farmhouse Late Medieval Outside

Dovecot to the north-west of Late Medieval Outside DES6851 Milton Street Farmhouse Post-medieval / Industrial Milton Street Farmhouse Outside DES6853 Period Post-medieval / Industrial West View Outside DES6854 Period

DES6855 Middleton Farmhouse Post-medieval Outside

DES6856 The Byre, Milton Street Multi-Period Outside

K6 Telephone Kiosk to north of Modern Period Outside DES6858 Pond Cottage Horsemans Cottage DES6859 Late Medieval Outside

Post-medieval / Industrial Pond Cottage Outside DES6860 Period

DES6862 Remains of the Village Pond Industrial Period Outside

DES6864 Stream Farmhouse Industrial Period Outside

GRADE II LISTED BUILDINGS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA The Old Rectory DES6866 Industrial Period Outside

The Ice House adjacent to Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6868 entrance of Folkington Place Period Barn at Manor Farm to south- Post-medieval / Industrial Outside DES6869 west of the Farmhouse Period

Manor Farmhouse Post-medieval / Industrial DES6870 Outside Period The Stables to north-west of Industrial Period Outside DES6871 Folkington Manor Badgers Bank House DES6874 Post-medieval Outside

Old Rectory Cottage Post-medieval / Industrial DES6875 Outside Period

Sayerland House Post-medieval / Industrial DES6882 Outside Period Otteham Court DES6887 Late Medieval Outside

CONSERVATION AREAS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

DES9772 Berwick Village Multi-Period Inside

DES9853 Selmeston Multi-Period Inside

DES9886 Wilmington Multi-Period Inside

DES9744 Alciston Multi-Period Outside

DES9782 Firle Multi-Period Outside

DES9786 Glynde Multi-Period Outside

REGISTERED PARKS AND GARDENS WITHIN THE WIDER 1KM STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

DES305 Firle Place Industrial Period Inside

DES9738 Wootton Manor Multi-Period Outside

ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTIFICATION AREAS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA

SITE TYPE AND INSIDE OR OUTSIDE HER REF NAME ARCHAEOLOGICAL / OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

DES10070 Greensand Way (east) Arlington to River Ouse Inside Romano-British road DES8603 Berwick A Medieval and Post- Inside medieval village DES8786 Preston Court, Beddingham A multi period landscape, Outside including a Roman villa complex, Saxon cemeteries, Saxon monastery and medieval hamlet DES9089 Alciston A Medieval and Post- Inside medieval village DES9203 Wilmington Medieval and Post-medieval Inside village DES9300 Pevensey to Cuckmere The approximate route of the Inside Romano-British road Pevensey to Arlington Roman road. It also defines the potential for Roman and Medieval occupation and activity, alongside this road. DES9301 Greensand Way (east) Arlington to Ouse Valley Inside Romano-British road DES9307 Old Laylands Romano-British settlement Inside DES9308 Drusillas Prehistoric and Romano- Inside British settlements DES9313 Milton Gate WWII Airfield Outside DES9615 Saxon cemetery at The Comps, Early Medieval cemetery and Outside Glynde other remains DES10069 Willington Levels Area of wetlands containing a Outside buried waterlogged prehistoric land surface and Prehistoric and Romano- British sites associated organic structures and remains DES10142 Gilletts Lane Prehistoric and Romano- Outside British sites

ARCHAEOLOGICAL NOTIFICATION AREAS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA DES10143 Puddingham Industrial period sheep wash Outside DES11526 New Barn Remains of Post-medieval Outside barn and yard DES12785 Milton Gate Romano-British sites Outside DES8604 Selmeston Prehistoric, Romano-British, Outside Early and Late medieval occupation, including human burials DES8820 South of Balcombe Pit Early Medieval (Saxon) Outside cemetery DES8872 West of Horne Farm Pair of possible Prehistoric Outside barrows DES8891 Folkington Late Medieval and Post- Outside medieval village DES9087 Hanging Camp East, Berwick A number of Prehistoric Outside (Mesolithic) sites DES9090 Wootton Manor Medieval and Post- medieval Outside manor and gardens DES9204 Baytree Farm A Late Medieval settlement Outside DES9250 Church Road Romano-British, settlement Outside DES9291 Hare Field Romano-British, settlement Outside DES9422 North of Tilton Wood Windmill mound Outside DES9423 Sherrington Manor Late Medieval and Post- Outside medieval farm complex DES9587 Hanging Camp Potential Romano-British Outside cremation cemetery DES8787 Heighton DMV Deserted Medieval Village Inside

NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA

INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ARCHAEOLOGICAL / HER REF NAME OF SCHEME HISTORICAL PERIOD FOOTPRINT

MES24667 Site of former brickfield Industrial Period Inside MES25664 Brickyard Polegate C19th- Industrial/Modern Period Inside C20th Brickyard MES7331 Pound Place Burnt Mound Prehistoric Inside MES7333 Hearth and kiln, opposite Unknown Outside Leyland’s Barn MES32351 Site of Carr's Barn, Selmeston Industrial Outside MES4753 Arlington to Ouse Valley Romano-British Outside Roman Road MES21822 Wilmington: Medieval hamlet Late Medieval Inside MES1228 Gill's Grave: Barrow & Mill Multi-Period Outside Mound

NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA MES7380 Romano-British Settlement, Prehistoric/Romano-British Outside Harr Field, Middle Farm MES1230 Medieval Manor at Preston Early Medieval/Late Medieval Outside Court MES1235 Cemetery at Balcombe Pit Early Medieval (Saxon) Outside MES1395 Deserted Medieval Village at Late Medieval Outside Heighton St Cleve MES1398 Iron Age settlement at Glynde Prehistoric Outside Pit MES1427 Crop marks at Court Barn Early Medieval (Saxon) Outside MES15545 Settlement at Loover Barn Romano-British Outside MES16135 Bronze Age site at Pook Field, Prehistoric Outside Middle Farm: MES16136 Site of Post-medieval house at Post-medieval Outside Pook Field MES16185 Nissen Hut at Firle Park Modern Period Outside MES16186 Earthwork at Preston Court Unknown Outside Farm MES16190 Earthwork at Lambswool Field Unknown Outside MES16202 Building at New Barn: Post-medieval Outside MES16698 Stamford Buildings: Former Industrial Period Outside Workhouse MES1920 Heighton Street To Glynde To Romano-British Outside Lewis Roman Road MES19225 Building at Alciston Street: Post-medieval Outside MES19279 Roman activity at Old Laylands Romano-British Outside Barn: MES19524 Field system Late Medieval Outside MES19525 Artefact scatter on land north of Prehistoric Outside Gilletts Lane (Neo/BA flintwork) MES19596 Site of Post-medieval building Post-medieval Outside adjacent Rose Cottage MES19860 The Granary, Gibraltar Farm: Post-medieval/Industrial Outside C18th building Period MES19947 Sherrington Manor: Saxon Early Medieval (Saxon)/Late Outside settlement Medieval MES20036 Stamford Buildings: WW2 crash Modern Period Outside site MES20280 Selmeston: Medieval village Late Medieval Outside MES21825 Berwick: Medieval Hamlet Late Medieval/Post-medieval Outside MES21980 Preston Court Farm: C18th Post-medieval/Industrial Outside barn Period MES22445 High Street, Polegate: C19th Industrial Period Outside Signal Box

NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA MES22530 Compton - Exact Location Late Medieval/Industrial Outside Unknown: Med hamlet Period MES22981 Cophall Farm, Polegate: Unknown Outside Undated Ditch MES23015 Strawberry Field: Boundary Unknown Outside bank MES23113 Burgh Lane: linear features Romano-British Outside MES23539 Gardners Cottage: C19th Industrial Period Outside building MES24239 Selmeston: PM Sandpits Industrial Period Outside MES24752 Firle Place: Nissen hut concrete Modern Period Outside base remains MES25525 Gardeners Cottage, Late Medieval Outside Wilmington: Med Finds and Barn Foundations MES25526 Gardeners Cottage, Post-medieval Outside Wilmington: PM finds and foundations MES25648 Rose Cottage, Alciston: PM Post-medieval Outside Construction Trench and finds MES25777 Selmeston Parish Church: Modern Period Outside WW1 Plaque Memorial MES25929 Firle Master Water Main Lay Prehistoric Outside near, Lewes: PH Features and Finds MES25930 Firle Master Water Main Lay Post-medieval Outside near, Lewes: PM Field Boundaries MES26014 Forge Cottage: C19th smithy, Industrial Period Outside Berwick MES26108 The Old Cowstalls: C19th Industrial Period Outside building MES26113 Milton Barn: C19th barn Industrial Period Outside MES2661 Alciston: Shrunken Medieval Late Medieval/ Post-medieval Outside Village MES2663 Windmill mound Industrial Period Outside MES2667 Seaford To Firle Roman Road: Romano-British Outside Roman road MES27198 Milton Gate, Wilmington: Romano-British Outside Roman building MES2809 Churchyard: barrow Unknown Outside MES2820 Hanging Camp: Mesolithic Prehistoric Outside camp MES29076 Bopeep Lane, Alciston: C15th- Late Medieval/Post-medieval Outside 17th tile and later brick kiln MES29296 South of Gibraltar, Firle: C19th Industrial Period Outside building

NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA MES29325 Brickyard Cottages, West Firle. Industrial Period Outside C19th Brickyard MES29439 Folkington - Windover Pipeline Unknown Outside route: Possible Features MES29594 Wilmington Green: C16th Tile Late Medieval Outside kiln MES32134 Comps Farm (Comps Barn), Industrial Period Outside Beddingha : C19th Farmstead MES32135 Preston Court, Beddingham: Industrial Period Outside C19th Farmstead MES32136 Littledene Farm (Little Dene), Post-medieval/Industrial Outside Beddingham: C18 Farmstead Period MES32178 Lower Barn, Firle: C19th Industrial Period Outside Outfarm MES32179 Gibraltar, Firle: C17th Post-medieval Outside Farmstead MES32216 Newhouse Farm, Firle: C19th Industrial Period Outside Farmstead MES32217 Dairy Farm, Firle: Industrial Period Outside C19thFarmstead MES32259 Middle Farm, Firle: C18th Post-medieval/Industrial Outside Farmstead Period MES32260 Petland Barn, Firle: C19th Industrial Period Outside Outfarm MES32299 Pookhill Barn, Selmeston: Industrial Period Outside C19th Outfarm MES32300 Lower Barn, Selmeston: C19th Industrial Period Outside Outfarm MES32352 Outfarm in Alciston, Alciston : Unknown Outside undated Outfarm MES32400 New Barn Farm (Cowfield Post-medieval/Industrial Outside Barn), Alciston: C18th Outfarm Period MES32401 Court Farm (Church Farm), Unknown Outside Berwick: undated Farmstead MES32443 Poultry Farm, Berwick: C19th Industrial Period Outside Farmstead MES32444 Outfarm northeast of Poultry Industrial Period Outside Farm, Berwick: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES32480 Milton Barn, : C19th Industrial Period Outside Outfarm (site of) MES32481 New Barn, Long Man: C19th Industrial Period Outside Outfarm (site of) MES32513 Street Farm, Long Man : C19th Industrial Period Outside Farmstead MES32542 New Barn Farm, Long Man: Industrial Period Outside C19th Outfarm

NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA MES32574 Outfarm northeast of Folkington Industrial Period Outside Manor, Long Man: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES32599 Outfarm northwest of Cop Hall, Industrial Period Outside Polegate: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES32600 Outfarm northeast of Cop Hall, Industrial Period Outside Polegate: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES32601 Outfarm northwest of the Brick Industrial Period Outside Works, Polegate: C19th Outfarm MES32602 Outfarm north of The Rough, Industrial Period Outside Polegate: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES32603 Outfarm southwest of Industrial Period Outside Southdown Hall, Polegate: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES32643 Brambley Field, Polegate: Industrial Period Outside C19th Farmstead MES32645 Swine's Hill Farm, Polegate : Industrial Period Outside C19th Farmstead MES33016 Preston Court Farm, Industrial Period Outside Beddingham: C19th Farmstead MES33017 Outfarm north of Little Dene, Industrial Period Outside Beddingham: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES33058 Outfarm southeast of Brambley Industrial Period Outside Field, Polegate: C19th Outfarm (site of) MES33522 Land east of The Street, Unknown Outside Selmeston: Possible Features MES33844 Court Barn, Firl : Possible Unknown Outside Feature MES34091 The Old Cowstall, Berwick Industrial Period Outside Village : C19th piggery MES4547 Wootton Manor: Medieval Late Medieval Outside manor & chapel MES4549 Wootton Manor: Medieval Early Medieval (Saxon)/Late Outside settlement Medieval MES4801 Selmeston Sandpit: Mes-Med Prehistoric Outside settlement MES7069 C18th garden building at Post-medieval/Industrial Outside Woolton Manor Period MES7070 Wootton Manor Barn: C19th Industrial Period Outside barn MES7165 A27 adjacent Firle Park and Prehistoric/Romano-British Outside Wick Street: IA & RB site

NON-DESIGNATED HERITAGE ASSETS WITHIN THE INNER 500M STUDY AREA MES7187 A27 Polegate By Pass: Late Medieval Outside Medieval settlement MES7190 Wootton Manor: Wootton Late Medieval Outside MES7298 Home Farm: undated mound Prehistoric Outside MES7867 Wilmington Airfield: C20th Modern Period Outside Airfield (site of) MES7868 WW2 hangar Modern Period Outside MES7869 Milton Gate, Wilmington: WW2 Modern Period Outside Pillbox MES7870 Pillbox Modern Period Outside MES7922 Berwick Church Yard: Motte Late Medieval Outside MES8273 The Comps: AS Cemetery Early Medieval (Saxon) Outside