Bridgewater Review, Vol. 28, No. 1, June 2009

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Bridgewater Review

Volume 28 | Issue 1 Article 1

Jun-2009 Bridgewater Review, Vol. 28, No. 1, June 2009

Recommended Citation Bridgewater State College. (2009). Bridgewater Review. 28(1). Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol28/iss1/1

This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. Volume 28 Number 1 June 2009 Bridgewater Review

Bridgewater State COllege The First Building at Bridgewater State College

painting by Mary Crowley

“The first building to be erected specifically for normal school work in America was built at Bridgewater in 1846. The years of experiment were successfully passed. A total of ten thousand dollars was raised, one half of that sum by public subscription, and the remainder from state funds. Col. Abram Washburn donated a lot of land one and one-quarter acres and George B. Emerson of Boston provided the furnace for heating the building. It was a small, wooden, two-story structure containing a large schoolroom, and two recitation rooms in the upper story, and a Model School room, a chemical room, and two anterooms on the lower floor.”

—Special Collections. Volume 28 Number 1 JUNE 2009

CO N TE TS Bridgewater Review

Inside front cover On the Cover The First Building Mercedes Nuñez, at Bridgewater State College Professor of Art: Random Preoccupation, Tu Leyenda. Inside back cover Additional works by Professor Nuñez, Bridgewater State College’s entitled, Random Preoccupations are First Dorm on pages 15–18.

2 Editor’s Notebook Grandma and Grandpa EDITOR Michael Kryzanek Michael Kryzanek Political Science 3 College Presidents and the Road Associate EDITORs to Success and Failure: William C. Levin Getting What We Want and Need Sociology Stephen J. Nelson Andrew Holman History 7 What Type of American Are You? Universal, Cultural, Civic and Commercial EDITOR EMERITA Accounts of American Identity Barbara Apstein Jordon B. Barkalow BOok Review Editor 11 Corporal Punishment Charles Angell English and the Case for Policy Action Emily M. Douglas DESIGN Donna Stepien 15 Random Preoccupations Mercedez Nuñez Faculty Photographs Gary Stanton 19 America’s Role in the World ______Jason Edwards The Bridgewater Review is published twice a year by the faculty 23 Our Wings: Aviation Science of Bridgewater State College. and College Learning Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not Andrew Holman necessarily reflect the policies of the Bridgewater Review or 26 Cultural Commentary Bridgewater State College. Letters The Number of War Dead to the Editor should be sent to: William C. Levin Bridgewater Review, c/o Editor, Department of Political Science, Bridgewater State College, 28 A Contemporary Poetic Play Bridgewater MA 02325 Stephen Levine ______Articles may be reprinted with 30 Seeking for a City permission of the Editor ©2009, Gwen Ifill:T he Breakthrough: Bridgewater State College Politics and Race in the Age of Obama ISBN 0892-7634 Charles Angell

32 In Memoriam Henry Shaffer

Editor’s Notebook Grandma and Grandpa

It is said that life is a series of stages, periods of change parents have everything covered. What that means is and transformation that direct and shape the human trying to get used to all the new fangled devices that are experience. My wife Carol and I are now entering one of out there now to make life with baby easier – the baby those stages—grandparenthood. Our daughter Kathy monitor ( now with camera, not just sound), the stroll- and her husband Jim brought into the world Grace Irene ers that are ready for any road challenge, and all those Sabo on June 4th. Grace weighed 9 pounds and was 21 car seats, jumping seats, eating seats and play time inches long. Grace has deep seats. Parenthood was blue eyes and those classic a lot less complicated Polish-American chubby back in the day. cheeks. Mother and Father What grandparent- and Grace are all doing fine, hood also does that except for the usual parental warms the heart is sleep deprivation. But it is the bring you even closer grandparents who are also to your children and doing fine, without the sleep their spouses. Sure deprivation. they ask you to baby Everyone that we talk to says sit, so they can keep pretty much the same thing- their sanity for an being a grandparent is the best evening or a weekend. stage of your life, with the But it is the holidays accent on life, new life. There of course is a bit of ego and birthdays that become special as the baby has the involved as the baby represents part of you and contin- power to make the family more of a family; that little ues the family line forward. But this matter of heritage life becomes the glue that seals the bonds of family life. is minor compared to the excitement and joy of holding It doesn’t’ get any better than that. a newborn right there on your shoulder with tiny fin- Now Carol and I are sure that being grandparents will gers wrapped around your own and with that incompa- also have its times of worry and distress. Besides the rable baby scent—pure, sweet and natural. concern over our own kids that never seems to go away, yza nek Grandmothers are perhaps the most outwardly excited grandparental concern will now spread to the new kid about the new arrival as they shop for baby clothes, on the block. Yet whatever problem may arise, it is offer sage advice to the nervous mother and look for- likely to be a minor one and will certainly be overshad- ward to the opportunity to feed, bathe and yes, change owed by the unannounced hug or the little hand reach- the diapers of their grandchild. Grandfathers are less ing out or my favorite, sitting on grandma’s or grandpa’s expressive about babies, but take it from me; there is an lap to read a book. Of all the stages in my life, this is the inner pride and quiet glow that melts the heart when one that we have been waiting for. that first smile appears through sleepy eyes. —Michael Kryzanek, Editor, Bridgewater Review. Being a grandparent is all about watching a young life grow up right before your eyes without the tensions and second guessing that you experienced as a parent. As many of our fellow grandparents say, being a grandparent means all the happiness of seeing your offspring grow without the responsibilities of parenthood. It is basically a free ride full of joy minus the stress of the first fall, the first fever, the first trip to school, the first

report card, and the first date. ED I TOR ’s N OTEBOOK M ic h a el K r Probably the most difficult part of grandparenthood is trying to recall how you did things as a new parent thirty years ago. Times have certainly changed as a whole industry has evolved to make sure that baby and College Presidents and the Road to Success and Failure: Getting What We Want and Need Stephen J. Nelson

In May 2003, the Supreme Court rendered its decision and non-threatening stature and politically acceptable in the two University of Michigan affirmative action bearing that all their energy and attention is invested cases. On the evening of the decision, PBS’s “Lehrer solely in sustaining their presidencies and surviving in News Hour” featured not just one, but four college and office. Presidents have to be regularly engaged in a range university presidents. They were there not simply for of problems and issues. Even if they wished otherwise, quick sound bites. For more than half the broadcast, the the realities of life inside the gates of their colleges and four probed the short- and long-term impacts of the universities confront them as leaders with highly politi- Court’s findings. The presidents pointed to a variety of cized, often divisive issues and “zero sum” decisions. In implications the Court’s decision might have for the addition, public pressure outside the gates of the acad- future of higher education. The two cases, Gratz v. emy relentlessly forces college leaders to respond to the Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger, which named Dr. Lee wider world. Bollinger because he was the sitting president at For more than a decade and a half, I have had the oppor- Michigan when the suits were filed took the university tunity to think and write about college presidency. to task for its quota systems and separate criteria for Friends and family would probably describe me as ad- minorities in both undergraduate and law school admis- dicted to my subjects and the tensions and challenges of sions. The presidents argued viewpoints that were not the presidential office and its myriad duties. I have in absolute harmony, but they agreed that the conse- dedicated a fair bit of time to considerations about what quences indeed mattered. While the nature of their the presidency is. Who are these individuals who aspire remarks was noteworthy, more poignant was the fact to or hold the presidential office? What traits and quali- that they were there in the first place in such a highly ties must they have to have if they are to succeed in the visible public forum. high-stakes world of college and university leadership? Such public prominence among college presidents is There is an often-told joke that says that the first qual- by no means frequent. However, this instance serves to ity that college presidents must possess is simple: the counter a broad impression that Americans have had in abity to walk on water. The reality may not be far off. in recent decades, that the views of college presidents If we are to value and honor [understand?] the office of have become passé, receded into the tall grass; their college president, we must know as much as possible voices no longer resonant in the public forum. Some about the post. Though not exhaustive, a basic list of have come to see college presidents are passive, too presidential duties and responsibilities reflects the fact willing to hide out when clouds of controversy gather, that the presidents must have a diversity of talents and and indict these leaders with heavy criticism for failure a mastery of the big picture. All college presidents per- to assert themselves as pertinent “players” outside the form these duties: gates of the academy. • manage the academic bureaucracy (that is, lead On closer observation, however, the opposite is quite the faculty and its affairs). often true. College and university presidents comment • administer the operational, day-to-day affairs regularly on all manner of social, political, educational of the campus, this is a major responsibility, even concerns and on difficult public policy decisions. Many with today’s delegation to provosts, chief finan- contribute op-ed pieces for major newspapers. Others cial and business affairs executives and other maintain the longstanding tradition of serving on pub- senior administrators. lic commissions and as advisors to political figures. • define purpose and instill meaning into the Many use their bully pulpits to weigh in persuasively on lives of campus communities, and, especially, a variety of social concerns. They do not hide out in the students. tall grass. They are not figures outside the limelight. They are not so consumed with maintaining a pleasing

Bridgewater Review June 2009 3 college presidents and the road to success and failure stephen J. nelson guarantee •

present •

be • cater • act •

tranquility—lead with their eyes tranquility—lead on where their college First, it is essential that presidents—in times of crisis or better presidents in the future? and failure in that office help usselect and appoint dents? And can past and present examples of success poor performers among college and university presi guish the capable from the inept, the excellent from the and their Are performance? there qualities that distin versity presidency? How can we fairly assess presidents What makes for success and failure in a college or uni as performance presidents. the passage of time can alter views of them and their many the judgement is only mixed; closer scrutiny and clearly as “successes” and others clearly as “failures.” For argument, fairly or not, some presidents are judged the they circumstances face. Without much serious because they do not demonstrate the ability to control come noteworthy as rods lightning for criticism, often side of issues and Other circumstances. presidents be they appear successful and consistently on the winning wheel. Some presidents become publicly visible because keep their noses to the grindstone and shoulders to the concluding that the best path to success is simply to lenged. They take a path-of-least-resistance approach, placed on them and their officeby others togo unchal presidents who too readily permit the expectations others about how they should do their jobs. These are to the readily wind, acceding to the practical notions of avoiding controversies. Many presidents put their finger of presidents who retreat from the intentlimelight on great and lasting impact. There are numerous examples Presidents continue to be figures high-profile capable of Walking on water, indeed. great élan and withoutanyone’s ruffling feathers. collaboratively, transparently and democratically, with The expectation is that these all duties be donewill members. finances and finances operating budget. constant rolling constant capital rolling campaigns. holders and supporters, and of the now nearly cluding soliciting contributions from key stake- one way or another) of annual fund drives, in those of community colleges, have to do this in constituents in and outside the gates. At public including including “town-gown” demands, and to diverse of course to governmental and political players to citizens of states and local communities, and colleges and universities this includes catering and and agencies. the as to leader (and almost presidentsall including a CEO the alumni

sound college’s with and and trustee their or fiscally university’s concerns. and responsible governing

public

annual board face, -

- -

proach to who should be presidents and how they should lead. not easy, but important advice: “edgy people” in the college presidency. Kennedy’s warning— Harvard, Kennedy interestingly commented that we need ing Larry Summers, at the time the besieged president of to teach and write. Reflecting about currentpresidents, includ- guy, inhabiting now a modestly adorned officeas he continues challenges and controversies. He comes across as an everyday and humor, traits that served him well in a tenure not without who want to hire presidents to bring high impact lead leadersArrogant do not “get” Boards this. of trustees hopes and dreams of the college. standing institutional mission and the aspirations, presidentsGood integrate their vision with the long- thoroughgoing knowledge of the insititution’s past. tent vision is as central to a successful presidency as a for reality college presidents is that an early and consis he wasn’t adeptparticularly at the “vision thing.” The States President George H.W. Bush who admitted that recent controversy and debate, one by fuelled United presidential “vision” for leaders has become a subject of als a president brings to the table. The necessity of a enduring institutional “vision” with the specific propos Sound presidential leadership requires blending the commitments lead. logically the future with where the institution’s momentum and them. Presidents must deftly juggle their aspirations for by mined how they deal with the realities in front of dents inherit, their success or failure is greatly deter heritage shapes the future. Regardless of what presi institution has come to its present state and how this or university has been. They need to know how their delightful self-deprecating sense of irony the provost post. Kennedy possesses a this stage as Stanford’s new president from university. Stanford University was a modest regional A Donal S tanfor t the opening of the 1980s today’s d Kenne D University, 1980–1992 d University, A onald Kennedy walked onto void a cookie-cutter ap d y, Presi d ent, -

- - - - - ership and vision to a college without making sure there The bully pulpit has been seen to shape presidential is a “fit” with its historical mission set up their presi- authority, reflect discretion, and build reputation in dents for failure. The foundations of a college are strong positive and negative ways. The use of the bully pulpit and reliable for a reason. Institutional underpinnings connects directly to a third critical consideration that that have served well in the past will repeatedly be determines presidential success or failure: the ability to turned to for navigating the way forward. Wise presi- act as a public intellectual. The role of public intellec- dents fully embrace the historical identities of their tual is crucial for numerous reasons, but perhaps most colleges and the legacies of their predecessors. important among these involves prominence. Astute presidents—like those discussing the affirmative action A second critical feature that determines success or cases on PBS in 2003—can use their public appearanc- failure for college presidents is their use, and sometimes, es–in op-ed pieces, on television, on the internet—to abuse of the bully pulpit. The bully pulpit is the weight- temper scholarly controversy or to combat those who iest possession of the college president. It is the coin of seek to regulate the university in ways that compromise the realm. It is the platform from which presidents can its autonomy, independence or integrity. make known in unambiguous ways their positions and beliefs on a variety of issues within and outside the College president as civic intellectual is an old model in academy. The bully pulpit must be used wisely and America, but it is not one that has ever fully lost its with considered judgment. Presidents use the pulpit to relevance or presence in the academy, despite recent promote higher education and to define the meaning erosion in emphasis. Contrary to some critics’ claims, and value of the university. They also must use the the public intellectual never really disappeared; that role pulpit selectively to address broader issues of social was only obscured, perhaps, by the flurry of other con- concern. Whenever presidents climb into the pulpit cerns and duties that modern-day college presidents they must do so not with the intent to please (though assume. Today, many college presidents privilege their from time to time they may use it to make peace), but roles as CEOs, fundraisers, and bureaucratic managers; to edify, persuade, judge, and admonish. for some, sustaining and advancing the “brick-and-mor-

Amy Gutmann, president, John Sexton, president, New University of Pennsylvania, York University, 2001–present 2004–present In John Sexton’s presence one can only Amy Gutmann is a “public intellectual,” marvel at his persona as an exceedingly scholar, researcher and writer rising to the energetic and engaging university presi- presidency at one of America’s most presti- dent. Greeting Sexton is to grasp his gious and long-standing—Ben Franklin passion, imagination, and creativity, traits its founder—universities. Though previ- integral but often overlooked in the presi- ously a senior leader at Princeton, Gutmann did not take the dency. He writes--no speechwriter here--essays that put his traditional, decades-long administrative trek designed to leadership on the line, risking ideas to provoke thoughts in the “prove” presidential timber. Her forceful intellect and bona NYU community and in the urban and larger world that fides as a noted public figure were what most suited Gutmann surrounds the university. His simple purpose: Spark discourse to Penn’s pulpit. Throughout her career, she hatched forceful and challenge the best of critical inquiry in the academy. Two ideas about ideology and ideological factions in and outside or so Saturdays each month, Sexton takes time from the relent- the gates of the academy. Such a voice is critical in the public less demands of the presidency to meet with professors hearing square of an era when political correctness inhibits full debate out their issues and aspirations. Sexton is an absolute believer and inquiry on college campuses as well as in society. in the “university as sanctuary,” a long-standing creed, now a Gutmann pushes back against these forces. This style and claim ever more critical in tempering political correctness and leadership at Penn is a bellwether of the presidents likely to be the corrosive effect of less than civil debate and discourse. His more and more in evidence during the opening decades of the special brand of leadership guides the fortunes of NYU and twenty-first century. even more the university writ large.

Bridgewater Review June 2009 5 tar” university outweighs the need for them to be ac- style. He had imagination.” These few simple words tive, engaged stimulators of public discussion and de- convey the essence of who Kemeny was and how he led. bate. Still, the president as public intellectual remains a force in American political and social discourse. And If we are to have the college presidents that we deserve the academy is at its strongest and most influential and need, we must not allow the tail to wag the dog. If when its presidents are leaders with loud and critical we get presidents fully able to embrace the ideals that voices in the public square. are critical, they will always figure out ways to care for the tasks of fundraising, managerial competence and One final comment captures what is most needed for political leadership. We should seek and appoint as college presidents to be successful: imagination. Both presidents those who will honor the traditions and illusive and impractical, this quality is ctitical to any legacies of their colleges and universities, embrace the president’s success. John Kemeny led Dartmouth marketplace of ideas, use the bully pulpit wisely and be College as its president through the enormously tumul- adroit in crisis. Presidents cannot delegate these core tuous times from 1970 to the early 1980s. Late in his values and responsibilities. They are leadership charac- tenure, I was fortunate to be a member of Kemeny’s teristics essential for the successful college president. administration. Since that time I have found his presi- And perhaps we need in our college presidents less dency endlessly fascinating and firmly believe that surefooted experience and more style and imagination. Kemeny is exemplary of what a college president This is an important but overlooked characteristic for should be. Kemeny was a brilliant man who took over college presidents to possess; it might also be a critical Dartmouth’s helm having “only” been chair of its determinant of success. On these leadership traits rest Mathematics Department and a major innovator in the future of the college presidency and the character of the advent of the use of computers on college campuses. higher education. Commenting in an interview after Kemeny had left lure s t ephen J. nels o n ai lure office, one of his senior administrators captured why —Stephen J. Nelson is assistant professor of educational Kemeny had been a successful president: “John had leadership at Bridgewater State College and Senior Scholar with the Leadership Alliance at Brown University. He is the author of Leaders in the Labyrinth: College Presidents and the Battleground of Creeds and Convictions John Kemeny, president, (ACE/Praeger 2007). His next book: Leaders in the Dartmouth College, 1970–1981 Crossroads: Success and Failure in the College Presidency will be released later this year. John Kemeny took the helm as ollege Library C ollege Dartmouth’s president rising from his position as professor of mathematics and D artmouth a d to success an f having established the college as a na-

permission tional leader in the advent of computers on campuses. Two months after Kemeny assumed office that spring 1970 any honeymoon disastrously ended with shootings of students at Kent and Jackson State. Across the nation campuses were torn at the seams. Kemeny led forcefully, with intellectual heft. He demanded that campus protests be constructively turned into debate and discussion designed to inspire learning. No sooner had this passed than Kemeny turned to an even greater challenge: The admission of women to this all-male bastion of more than two hundred years. One administrative colleague noted that Kemeny succeeded because he had “style and imagination,” critical qualities of his leadership and traits arguably essential for colle g e p res i de n ts an d the ro any college president. What Type of American Are You? Universal, Cultural, Civic, and Commercial Accounts of American Identity Jordon B. Barkalow

The Constitution of the United States is characterized, standings of what it means to be an American and these to a considerable degree, by ambiguity. This is evident in understandings shape their positions of key issues of the debate over the extent of the President’s implied public policy. powers. Specifically, does the “take care clause” (Article This is readily evident in the differing answers II, Section 3) allow the President to circumvent the Republicans and Democrats give with regard to immi- system of checks and balances and the Bill of Rights in gration. Democratic proponents argue that immigra- the name of national security? While this question has tion: reinvigorates American institutions and values by garnered most of our attention in the aftermath of returning Americans to their first principles; is a boon September 11th, it is only one of a number of important to the American economy; does not lower wages; and constitutional ambiguities. keeps prices down across the economy. Republican One of the least considered and misunderstood ambigui- critics of immigration see it as a threat to the American ties concerns the question of what it means to be an economy and social order. Immigrants are perceived American citizen. Article I, Section 2 of the as taking jobs from American citizens because of their Constitution provides that one of the qualifications for willingness to accept lower wages and below-standard being a member of the House is to be a citizen of the working conditions. The courts, according to immigra- United States for seven years. Senators (Article I, tion critics, have rendered the distinction between Section 3) must be citizens for nine years and the citizen and alien meaningless by interpreting the equal- President (Article II, Section 1) must be a natural-born ity and due process clauses of the U.S. Constitution citizen. While the Constitution is clear that the status too broadly. of citizenship is a necessary requirement for holding As the example of immigration attitudes shows, how national office, it says nothing about what it means to we define what it means to be an American has signifi- be an American citizen. Even when one considers the cant political implications. Employing the concept of first formal statement of American citizenship in the nationalism, which is defined as the cultural, linguistic, Constitution, the Fourteenth Amendment only provides economic, and political dimensions of identity that that “All persons born or naturalized in the United allow members of society to feel that they belong, this States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citi- article provides an overview of the four competing zens of the United States and of the state where they understandings of what it means to be an American and reside.” Beyond specifying the mechanisms by which the challenge to these interpretations. As shown below, one becomes a citizen, the Fourteenth Amendment does universal nationalism emphasizes the universal quality little to help provide an answer to the question of American political principles while cultural national- Republican Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin ism defines American-ness in terms of an Anglo- offered her thoughts on what it means to be an Protestant cultural heritage. Civic nationalism, on the American while speaking in Greensboro, North other hand, finds meaning in the social and political Carolina during the 2008 presidential election. practices that develop the civic capacities of American According to Palin, states like North Carolina, which citizenship whereas commercial nationalism focuses on have historically voted Republican, constitute “the real the productive capacities of Americans as the key to the America” because the people who live there are more development of a flourishing commercial empire. This patriotic and “pro-American” than those who live in article concludes with an overview of the primary other states. Leaving aside the obvious political implica- challenge posed to the four accounts of American nations of Palin’s comments, the connection she makes tional identity. between the principles and values of the Republican Universal Nationalism Party and Americanism reminds us that the political The universal understanding of American national battles between Republicans and Democrats are more identity sees America as a nation founded on a discreet than just posturing for electoral purposes. Republicans and Democrats have different and competing under-

Bridgewater Review June 2009 7 what type of american are you? jordon B. Barkalow challenge challenge the view of a gradual unfolding and expand identity arguments. make two First, primary they Critics of the universal account of national American universal nationalism. understanding of that liberalism ultimately informs antagonistic. are solidarity Itnecessarily is the revised goal of protecting individual rights and social achieving rejectliberalism revised the proposition that that the dence and love of liberty. Arguments in favor of the ity, curiosity, pru industry,vigilance, truthfulness, civility, liberality, justice, courage, endurance, human of desires. Desires of wouldthis type include self-denial, traits forare necessary what they consider higher types of the liberal tradition recognition that character certain On the other hand, some infind key textsand authors societies together and antagonistic to human excellence. tion of character, hostile to human bonds that hold tional account of is liberalism indifferent to the cultiva Focusing on self-preservation and prosperity, the tradi avoiding the worst ratherthe best. than realizing hand, the traditional view of focuses liberalism on howasking one is to understand On liberalism. one But even political thinking. American here, one is left figuresand textsare essential toany understanding of is tionalism consistent with the idea that key liberal The connection between and liberalism universal na als prevail. toliberalism one where the rights equal of individu all distinctions gone, can moveAmerica from an imperfect absorbsindividualism and displaces them. With group gressive of elimination group distinctions over time as tic. Creed The argument American assumes the pro tion suggests that the Creed is inherently individualis The Creed’s emphasis on freedom, rights, and participa these are Liberty, Life, and the pursuit of Happiness.” Creator with unalienable thatcertain Rights, among are created that equal, they are endowed by their where it is written “that menall D principles is held to be the clearest expression of these courage civic involvement. The and rights, minority and en and advance freedom personal cal structures that both secure that consist of rights and politi emphasizes universal principles A De Tocqueville’s articulated in Alexis Initially tradition, the Creed. American lated in the form of a political universal principles are articu set of political principles. The merica eclaration of , the Creed American I ndependence D emocracy in ------of Scripture. and individual’s abilities to respond to the commands of private property, but in terms of the community’s terms of commercial prosperity or increased enjoyment Thus, progress is definedby cultural nationalism notin the Lord is a continuous process and a habitual lifestyle. the Lord. According to in Scripture, the walking path of to imitate the life of in by Christ the walking path of means a This thatought good Americans all Christian. cultural nationalists equate good citizenship with being role of religion. as Seeing America a New Jerusalem, forces to manage conflict. Ofcentral importanceis the role sary and social, of governmental religious, familial, Instead, cultural nationalism argues that it is the neces society.ethnic principles can manage the invitedconflict by a multi their counterparts, thatuniversalist shared political possible. Cultural nationalists do not believe, as do attachment to the nation that makes free government tural homogeneity for necessary the emotional political two are thought to have the effect of creating the cul Consequences onebelieved toAmericans. and unify over time. Second, elements of the common culture are identity even when the salience of this identity varies standing of culture American is central to American to haveconsequences. First, this underthree primary traditions. The found cultural similarities here are said guage, and Protestant British Christianity political tance are the centrality of the common lan English cultural heritage.Anglo-Protestant Of critical impor America’sCultural nationalism affirms distinctively C means to be an American. geneity required to have sense a of meaningful what it political principles cannot provide the requisite homo Ultimately, critics that maintain attachment to abstract N ultural ationalism American nationalism. American of distinctions group-based in underestimate the endurance national American identity universal understanding of shows that proponents of a America twentieth-century status in nineteenth- and ofism. Analysis citizenship with the focus on individual A second criticism takes issue and immunities of citizenship. ofdenial the rights, privileges the persistent restriction and can be understood in terms of citizenship Instead, American ing of citizenship. American

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- A problem with the Anglo-Protestant cultural argu- ism serves as the most politically robust understanding ment is that it subsumes several smaller, more contro- of American national identity. versial arguments. Critics challenge the proposition that Commercial Nationalism a national culture in the ethno-linguistic and religious It is an open question whether or not the American sense is necessary for the formation of a successful Founders were committed to the active theory of citi- democratic polity. They also challenge the assumption zenship that fosters the development of civic virtue. that the Anglo-Protestant culture is uniquely norma- The Founders did not refer to government created by tively good. Finally, critics doubt that the religious the U.S. Constitution as a civic republic; they referred to portion is a genuinely positive force in American na- it as a commercial republic. Proponents of civic nation- tional life. Altogether, critics contend that closer inspec- alism, universal nationalism and cultural nationalism, tion of these arguments and a more accurate reading of do not give the commercial quality of the American American history undermine the argument that republic the attention it deserves. For example, their American democracy owes its existence to its ethno- analysis of the admission and incorporation of immi- linguistic and religious traditions. grants into the polity relegates commercial concerns to Civic Nationalism a relatively minor role when compared to larger political Civic nationalism holds out an alternative means for concerns. Thus, commercial considerations play almost transcending the ethnocultural and linguistic differ- no role in structuring America’s national identity. If we ences that characterize America’s multicultural society. take the commercial vision of America’s future serious- Advocates of civic nationalism argue that it is the capac- ly, the argument for commercial nationalism concludes ity for change and self-criticism that helps to explain that American national the longevity of the American republic. identity, at its core, focuses on industry and In place of adherence to universal political principles or the individual’s capacity sharing in a distinctly European cultural and political to contribute to the heritage, civic nationalism maintains that the develop- creation of a flourishing, ment of civic capacities allows Americans to engage and commercial empire. shape their national identity. The development of civic capacities is not an end in itself. Instead, civic national- Instead of being con- ism requires Americans, through civic participation, to nected by reasoned shape their own national identity. Requiring Americans attachment to abstract to shape their own self-understanding ensures that political principles, a Americans will defend what they collectively value common cultural and against the cultural, political and economic forces religious heritage or civic thought to undermine these values. activity, commercial Ellis Island. nationalism holds that Americans are held together as a The emphasis on civic participation or self-governance people by the spirit of commerce. Guided by a belief in requires citizens to understand the political principles the centrality of financial reward for one’s toils, com- that make free government possible. In short, the civic mercial nationalism maintains that it is the responsibil- nationalism requires civic virtue, which suggests a ity of government to pursue policies that multiply the similarity between civic nationalism and classical re- range of economic opportunities available to Americans. publican political thought. Classical republicanism is Freed from the rigorous political responsibilities of civic characterized by the themes of mixed government and, nationalism and the social, cultural, and religious re- more important for the question of national identity, strictions of cultural nationalism, commercial national- active citizen participation by equal and independent ism concludes that the defining characteristic of what it citizens. Following Aristotle, proponents of the civic means to be an American is in the pursuit of gain. understanding of American national identity argue that it is only possible to fully develop as person through Challenge and Discussion political participation. This leads proponents of this Despite their differences, the competing interpretations interpretation to find the fundamental meaning of of what it means to be an American must respond to a what it means to be an American in a particular inter- common challenge—they lack coherence. Instead of a pretation of the American Revolution. The Revolution, core set of American principles or a progressive logic to accordingly, is seen as an act of civic participation that its development, American national identity may best kept the American colonies from being corrupted. be understood as emerging from a series of incoherent Pointing backward to classical republicanism and its compromises. Thus, what it means to be an American is commitment to public liberty and virtue, civic national-

Bridgewater Review June 2009 9 what type of american are you? jordon B. Barkalow necessary encouragementnecessary and education that made civic of civic In virtue. this sense, women were providing the republican and, virtue in as general, serving guardians their sons, husbandsdisciplining to the standards of republic American and by their families raising virtuous erhood. According to womenthis doctrine, served the is importance the particular notion of republican moth is This not to say that women had no political role. Of and their husbands. women needed to be protected from both the world ture masked the far more serious assumption that consistent with the great bond of union, family cover of the husband’s control over his wife’s property was tion. Justified,in part, by the belief that the extension independence believed to be unfit forpoliticalparticipa were rendered dependent and without the requisite of Nowtheir marriage. void of any property, women property of their wives into their control during the life bands in this position, they were allowed to absorb the wives and the political community. By placing hus law tradition that interposes husbands between their One such example is coverture. Coverture is a common practices used to deny women status.equal were not used to remove some of the and social legal problematic is the fact that the Revolution’s principles in terms equality of voting and holding office.More the former, women were not granted the promise of promise of political and equality. social With regard to Revolution’s universal principles the failed to fulfill of national American identity point out that the ancestors.” Critics of a single, coherent understanding and be more generous and favorable to them than your “the making new code of laws…remember the ladies requests Adams that those given the responsibility for onAdams the eve of independence, American Abigail Writing to her African-Americans. husband John challenge is This poignant particularly for women and requirement of equality. America’s democratic legacy and democracy’s moral tity above,discussed it can be said that they betray all in the four understandings of national American iden is American given legal, equal or social economic status ordained by God. To the extent that not every unique people and part of a political community special used toby Americans justify the belief that we are a ring power because history in they American have been The of denial statusequal on these bases has had recur natural or ascribed, such as race, ethnicity, and gender. on justify inequality characteristics that are said to be incoherent are mixture a set of ideas that attempt to however, only part of the picture. In addition to this nature, the good and the ends of government. is, This because of their assumptions differing about human cial understandings that are antagonistic to one another a of mixture the cultural, universal, civic, and commer

------as as a mosaic. posit American that the is term American best seen coherent understanding of what it means to be an that is America a democratic society, critics of a single, cratic, political culture. perhaps Assuming, incorrectly, tual traditions that constitute the popular, more demo identity lies in the of discovery another set of - intellec coherentarching, understandings of national American the lives daily ofthe challenge toAmericans, the over Focusing on the arguments and axioms that informed laborers, women, slaves, and Native Americans. tion of the Founders American to include ordinary tive of scholarship in this area is to expand the defini or American members of groups. dispossessed An objec- national identity above,discussed and the average ings the inform four competing visions of American differentdamentally for the educated elite, whose writ founding and what it means to be is an American fun one’s attention to the possibility that the American The examples ofcall women and African-Americans Founders. American racist beliefs thought to many characterize of the ment that both explicitly and implicitly embodied the Constitution could once be seen as a proslavery docu economic Fromorganization. this perspective, the tax in an attempt to make slavery an unviable mode of second, Congress was prevented from using its power to was used to benefitdirectly slave holdersand in the the firstcase, the power ofthe national government from products taxing produced through slave labor. In ban on federal taxation of exports prevents Congress tions could be used to suppress slave rebellions and the empowering Congress to suppress domestic insurrec Constitution have the same effect. For example, clauses legislation.ery Indirectly, provisions certain in the political leverage in national politics to defeat anti-slav of protecting slavery and the giving South the necessary the fugitive slave clause are alleged toall have the effect electoral votes received clause) from the andthree-fifths in presidential elections as a result of the increased toral slave-holding College states(giving an advantage clause, fifths the slave-trade 1808 provision,the elec - Constitution adopted. as originally Explicitly, the three- is both Americans explicit and implicit in the U.S. The ofdenial basic, rights fundamental to African status ued toof marginalize women in America. however, the notion of republican motherhood contin nationalism possible. From the perspective of women, Political Science and —Jordon B. Barkalow is Associate Director of the Honors Assistant Professor of Center.

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Corporal Punishment and the Case for Policy Action Emily M. Douglas

Since the beginning of my academic career, I have been these family policies were effective in one form or an- interested in whether changes in social attitudes and other and did promote family and child well-being. behaviors are created by public policy, or whether new Public Policy and Corporal Punishment public policies change social attitudes and behaviors. I In 1979 Sweden passed the first national legislation ponder this regarding public attitudes and behaviors banning corporal punishment by parents. (See the table around the use of corporal punishment on children. accompanying this article.) This legislation is part of the According to my colleague and mentor, Murray A. civil, not the criminal code; thus, there is no criminal Straus, corporal punishment is “the use of physical force penalty for using corporal punishment. The purpose of with the intention of causing the child to experience the legislative ban was to set a national standard for the pain, but not injury, for purposes of correction or con- humane treatment of trol of the child’s behavior.” Corporal punishment is children, to provide currently legal in every state of the U.S. and in most funds for public educa- other nations. In practice, the difference between corpo- tion on this issue and ral punishment and physical abuse hinges on whether “ he evidence concerning to help parents use T the child is injured seriously enough for the case to more positive methods the ill effects of using come to the attention of child protective services, re- of discipline. As of gardless of the intent of the parent. The evidence con- corporal punishment today, twenty-three cerning the potential ill effects of using corporal punish- countries have forbid- is overwhelmingly ment against children is overwhelmingly consistent and den corporal punish- yet, most of the U.S. and much of the world ignores this consistent and yet, ment by parents. In evidence. Public policy has been effectively used to June 2006, the United most of the U.S. shape or reinforce many attitudes and behaviors con- Nations Committee cerning social problems; there is no reason the same ignores this evidence.” on the Rights of the can’t be true for corporal punishment. Child declared that it is USES OF PUBLIC POLICY “the obligation of all In my doctoral dissertation, completed in 2002, I exam- States parties to move ined whether public policy could create behavioral quickly to prohibit and eliminate all corporal punish- change. The literature indicates that public policy that ment and all other cruel or degrading forms of punish- is used to promote specific behavior or social conditions ment of children.” The United States has not acted on generally comes in one of three forms. Punishment is this declaration. applied to those who violate a policy, such as by having In fact, the United States, as a whole, remains commit- sex before the age of consent or driving while intoxicat- ted to the entitlement to use corporal punishment ed. Benefits are sometimes offered to those who are less against children. Twelve states have statutory guide- fortunate, such as by increasing the number of afford- lines that grant authority to educators or school boards able housing vouchers or by providing tax breaks for to use corporal punishment in educational settings. those who adhere to a specific policy.I nformation and Most other states have banned corporal punishment in guidelines are offered to many to encourage adherence to schools, and a few states remain without specific legis- a policy, such as education about the benefits of wearing lation regarding the use of corporal punishment in a bicycle helmet or the harmful effects of shaking a schools. This is where the bans against corporal punish- baby. In my first book,M ending Broken Families: Social ment in the United States end, however. It is legal in Policies for Divorced Families—How Effective Are They? I every state in the union for a parent or guardian to use reviewed many forms of social policies that were in- corporal punishment against their children. In some tended to promote parental cooperation, increase par- states it is even legal to use corporal punishment in ent-child contact, and diminish time in court. Most of institutional settings, foster homes, and the like.

Bridgewater Review June 2009 11 corporal punishment and the case for policy action emily m. douglas Role bill appears to be stuck in committee. then referred for further study. As of January 2009, this studied the legislation, held public testimony, and was Children, Families, and Persons with Disabilities, which House Bill 3922 was assigned to the Committee on behaviors are appropriate on the part of caregivers. make a statement about what types of disciplinary tion, but it is a first step toward using public policy to ported, such as through funds for publication educa- describes how “nonviolent parenting” would be sup- who violate this law. There is also no language which No language specifies what would happen to caregivers harm associated with corporal punishment of children.” dren, because of the emotional harm and risks of bodily nate the use of corporal punishment to discipline chil- happening, but slowly. The pace, however, quickened police treatment of domestic violence. The change was many feminists starting in the mid 1970’s, to change norms and values. A specific example is the effort by social circumstances, including changes in cultural policies that had been initiated in response to changes in ing, revising, consolidating, and sometimes correcting, butions to public policy, such as in the forms of justify disciplines have, nevertheless, made important contri- seldom been the basis for new public policy. These concerned with corporal punishment by parents) have social work, and family studies (the disciplines most cies. However, research from psychology, sociology, Medical research has frequently led to new public poli- Informing Public Policy Prohibiting posed House Bill 3922 in 2007. This legislation, Lexington, on behalf of resident Kathleen Wolf, pro law. In Massachusetts, Representative Jay Kaufman of against children, but no such legislation has become legislation prohibiting the use of corporal punishment Policy-makers in many other U.S. states have proposed this ban remain unexamined. parent and child.” The effectiveness of, or outcomes of ment with an ultimate goal of mutual respect between tive nonviolent methods of child discipline and manage- from the use of corporal punishment and to use - alterna encourages parents and caregivers of children to refrain exact language reads: “Town Meeting [of Brookline] against parents who use corporal punishment. The intended to be educational and is not punitive in nature of corporal punishment against The children. ban is the still only municipality in the country to ban the use Massachusetts the became Brookline, In 2005 andfirst action about corporal punishment in the United States. There is one minor exception to the lack of legislative M and ing. is intended to actively support nonviolent parent- law would be educational in nature: “This [legislation] ing with the Brookline legislation in that the purpose of P ublic P

The provisions of this section are intended to elimi- of Social Science Research assachusetts olicy Corporal Punishment of , C P orporal Children, was in keep- unishment in An ,

Act - - the legal use of corporal punishment? But is there sufficient evidence for public policies to end examples of research resulting in a new social policy. based” practices and policies will result in one of the few fects, perhaps the increasing demand for “evidence- quality, and if it consistently shows harmful side ef research on corporal punishment is extensive, of high dence to justify and improve the policy. However, if the changes, and with it, receptivity to the empirical evi- ignored until a “moral passage” brings about policy lems. If past history is a guide, this research will be a risk factor for many social and psychological prob- it of high quality, showing that corporal punishment is ent. There has been a large amount of research, much of ment by parents in the U.S. has been somewhat differ The sequence of events for policy on corporal punish- already happening. policy followed, and reinforced, a social change that was schools is minimal. In this instance, it appears that the showing harmful effects of corporal punishment in pirical research, and even now the quality of research corporal punishment began long before there was em- change in school legislation in the U.S. concerning enacted primarily on the basis of moral principles. The Similarly, the Swedish no-spanking law of 1979 was values and beliefs, not because of research evidence. vices and in schools occurred because of a change in Policies to end corporal punishment in the armed ser grams, and parenting plans. such as mandatory mediation, divorce education pro lation that promoted shared and cooperative parenting, contact with both of their parents. The result was legis- suffered fewer consequences when they had continued absence of violence and extreme hostility, children another. Finally, some research showed that, in the children and parents to have unfettered access to one ents actively involved, as well as the legal rights of both about the ethics of raising children without both par a combination of factors. The public was concerned policies that target families of divorce were the result of tic criteria of the physical effects of child abuse. Social described the phenomenon and provided X-ray diagnos- Henry Kempe on the “battered-child syndrome” which was galvanized by the 1962 publication of a paper by C. protect children from abuse and neglect. That effort enon that was addressed incrementally by legislation to ment. Child maltreatment is another age-old phenom- changes already brought about by the women’s move- sent to all police departments in the US, were it not for results are unlikely to have been the subject of a brief experiment is unlikely to have been conducted, and the that those arrested were less likely to reoffend. This and arrest of the offender. This particular study found ing and calming down the parties, referral to services, ment comparing three modes of police action: separat- dramatically after publication of the results of an experi------The Research Evidence ishment “teaches the child a lesson” and therefore re- There have been over a hundred studies, including both duces delinquency. Instead, in 12 of the 13 studies longitudinal studies and experiments, concerning the corporal punishment was found to be associated with a effects of corporal punishment on children and adults. higher probability of delinquent and anti-social behavior. The book that I am co-authoring with Murray A. Straus The same near unanimity (4 out of 5) was found for of the Family Research Laboratory at the University of studies concerning the relation between corporal pun- New Hampshire and Rose Medeiros at the University of ishment as a child and adult criminal behavior. These California-Los Angeles, The Primordial Violence: Corporal findings were true Punishment by Parents, Cognitive Development, and Crime, even in the face of captures much of this research and provides evidence demographic con- Countries Banning Corporal Punishment for the wisdom of ending the use of corporal punish- trols and sometimes Against Children, By Year Ban was Passed ment against children. Primordial Violence is based on in the face of con- studies using nationally representative samples of over trols such as paren- Country Year ban passed seven thousand families, and is a book about ordinary tal warmth. Sweden 1979 parents and their children, not about parents who legally Given these empiri- Finland 1983 abuse and neglect their children. Some of the main cal results, why Norway 1987 discussion points of this book are that corporal punish- don’t most profes- Austria 1989 ment slows the cognitive development of toddlers, re- Cyprus 1994 sionals concerned duces the probability of college graduation and increases Denmark 1997 with children, in- the probability of antisocial behavior and crime. It also Latvia 1998 cluding many who highlights what is often called “developmental criminol- Croatia 1999 are in principle ogy,” which is primarily concerned with the development Germany 2000 opposed to corporal of deviant behavior and offending over time and on Israel 2000 punishment, take factors that pre-date or co-occur with the development Bulgaria 2000 steps to advise Iceland 2003 of criminal behavior. parents to never Romania 2004 Elizabeth Thompson Gershoff conducted a meta analy- spank, the same Ukraine 2004 sis (which is a statistical synthesis of many previously way that we advise Hungary 2005 Greece 2006 conducted studies on a single topic of interest) on 88 parents to never Spain 2007 studies concerning the effects of corporal punishment. shake a baby? Part Venezuela 2007 She found that in 93% of studies, corporal punishment of the explanation Uruguay 2007 has harmful effects. The volume and the quality of the may be that most Portugal 2007 research continues to grow since that publication. Yet had experienced New Zealand 2007 content analyses of child development text books pub- corporal punish- Netherlands 2007 lished in 1980–85, 1990–1995, and 2000–2005 found ment as a child and Costa Rica 2008 that such texts devoted an average of only a half page to do not come to see the subject of corporal punishment, and that none it as having had any *Source: The Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment Against Children, September 2008 recommend that parents should never spank. We ask, adverse effects on **Italy: In 1996, the Supreme Court in Rome declared how can so little space be given to a mode of parenting them. But that is corporal punishment unlawful; this ruling has not been confirmed by legislation. for which there is strong evidence of harmful side ef- the situation with fects, and which is experienced by over 90% of pre- almost all adverse ***Nepal: In 2005, the Supreme Court declared that the provision in the Child Act that permits parents, guard- school children and by at least a third of infants in our life experiences. For ians, and teaching to administer a minor beating to country? This is possibly because there has not yet example, a third of children unlawful. The Child Act has not been amended to reflect that ruling. been a moral passage about hitting children. The major- heavy smokers will ity of the American public, and of professionals con- die of a smoking cerned with children, remain convinced that corporal related disease. This punishment is “sometimes necessary.” also means that two-thirds will not. These people can say at age 70 that they have smoked all their life and The meta-analysis of 88 studies by Gershoff found a have not suffered any ill effects. That may be factually degree of agreement between studies that may be correct about their health, but the implication that unique. Twelve of the studies examined the relation of smoking is therefore safe for everyone is false. The corporal punishment to mental health problems of correct conclusion is that they are one of the lucky children, such as anxiety and depression, and eight two-thirds. These smokers can only directly perceive examined the relation of childhood corporal punish- the satisfaction from smoking. They have no way of ment to adult mental health problems. Without excep- perceiving future harmful effects. Similarly, those who tion, these 20 studies found that corporal punishment were spanked, or who spank their own children, can was associated with an increased probability of mental only directly perceive that when spanked, the child health problems. Thirteen studies investigated delinquent behavior. It is widely believed that corporal pun-

Bridgewater Review June 2009 13 corporal punishment and the case for policy action emily m. douglas advice, and benefits in the form of help to parents who form of public education campaigns, information and Swedish example. This provides encouragement in the should be non-punitive and should follow the successful believe that the policy to end corporal punishment co-authors, Murray A. Straus, Rose Medeiros and I explored in my dissertation, my colleague and book mote specific behaviors or societal conditions that I Returning to the three forms of public policy to pro Types vehicle unless a child is “buckled in.” never abusing a child and never operating a motor certain behaviors, such as never shaking an infant, stances when we do advise parents to refrain from i.e. to never spank. Furthermore, there are many in- ethical the side effects of corporal punishment, there is an are equally, or even more effective, which do not have harmful side effects. Because there are alternatives that effects. Corporal punishment is like the drug with if there is an equally effective drug without harmful side the evidence is not conclusive. This is especially the case if there is evidence of harmful side effects, even though to stop using a drug, or withdrawing it from the market theless, standard public policy requires advising parents frequent situation with prescription drugs. Never- strong, is not absolutely conclusive. Yet, that is also a rection and control. The evidence, although extremely equal or greater effectiveness of other methods of cor is absolutely conclusive evidence of the harm, and of the unethical to advise parents to “never spank” until there Some defenders of corporal punishment argue that it is Ethics policy to one focused on ending corporal punishment. the evidence provides solid justification for a change in punishment is a risk factor for developmental problems, 90% agreement in the research showing that corporal fore do not advise parents to “never spank.” With over spanking may sometimes be necessary, and they there- is continued acceptance of the cultural myth that the well-being of children, it is not surprising that there ods do not. Given this belief, and given their concern for cultural myth that spanking works, when other meth- rection and control. Thus, they continue to believe the ior, it is not more effective than other methods of cor shows that, although spanking does correct misbehav- been informed about the results of research which showing harmful side effects. Similarly, they have not community has failed to inform them of the research content analyses of textbooks shows, the academic to advise parents to “never spank.” It is because, as the failure of many social service and mental health workers From this one can infer a second explanation for the of smoking, show up in only a fraction of the cases. because they do not surface until later, and as in the case way to directly perceive the harmful effects of spanking stops the misbehavior at that instant. They have no requirement to advise parents to “switch drugs,” of Policy of Advising P arents Never to Spank

- - - influential book 1946 the pediatrician Benjamin Spock published his hit a child as a method of correction and control. In never, under any circumstance, spank; that is, to never others should adopt a policy of advising parents to Development, the U.S. Children’s Bureau, and many Association, the Society For Research On Child for Family Psychology of zations, and government agencies, such as the Society We believe that many professional associations, organi- not more effective than other methods. punishment since the research shows that spanking is put a child at risk for the harmful side effects of corporal American child psychology.) Third, there is no need to problems. (This is probably the best-kept secret of best behaved and have the lowest rates of psychological that children who are not spanked are, on average, the havior and family and parenting characteristics, show controlling for factors such as early instances of misbe- amount of research, including longitudinal studies pre-school children, at least on occasion. Second, a large key facts. First, over 90% of American parents spank many fields, it means revising text books to reflect three are having difficulty managing without spanking. For to be an unequivocal conclude that they can’t avoid spanking. So there needs fourth repetition, parents of two year olds are likely to thing she or he was told not to do. After the third or thing she or he is supposed to do, or repeatedly do some- inevitable that a toddler will repeatedly fail to do some- toddlers to control their own behavior. It is almost explanation of this paradox lies in the limited ability of Spock’s only ensures the perpetuation of spanking. The advised of Pediatricians in 1998. It is important that parents be approach was similarly taken by the American Academy that parents avoid spanking a child “if possible,” which American Psychological Association, Winter. Implications for public policy. Douglas, E.M. (2008). Research on spanking by parents: *This article was adapted from: Straus, M.A. & that hitting or spanking a child is tially negative impacts of spanking a child, and to state to provide education and support concerning the poten- education, and on shaken baby prevention campaigns, public policy should be modeled on this type of parent Bavolek Nurturing Parent program. We conclude that few parenting education programs to do this is the never to spank because, paradoxically, advice like Baby and —Emily never the American Psychological in the M. Child spank message. One of the Douglas is Family Psychologist of the Department of Social Work. Care. In it he advised never acceptable. Assistant Professor

Random Preoccupations Mercedes Nuñez

Some Unknown Venus, Vermillion Bird Suite, 2008, collage, oil on Arches paper.

Bridgewater Review June 2009 15 random preoccupations mercedes Nuñez VoArchespaper. us, Dragonfly 2007,Suite, on acrylic collage, random preoccupations, No. 1, 2008, collage, oil on Arches paper.

Bridgewater Review June 2009 17 Belle Fourche, Sixieme, Vermillion Bird Suite, 2008, collage, oil on steel. c e d es N u ñ z

The work featured here are selections from three separate suites: and complexities of Greek Mythology inspires the inclusion of text,

t i o n s m er RANDOM PREOCCUPATIONS, 2007–present, DRAGONFLY SUITE, mathematical expressions and astronomical configurations as a means

2007–2008 and THE VERMILION BIRD SUITE, 2008–present. These of storytelling. The work expresses the influence of numbers and

visual suites integrate art and writing and explore an inner landscape constellations over a person’s decisions. DRAGONFLY SUITE deals

that appears irrational and random. However, the suites are similar to specifically with the cycle of the dragonfly, which begins in the watery

how a musical composition comes together in a number of movements. depths, then emerges past this surface; it is an emblem of balance, a

Each suite focuses on the complexity of making decisions and the metaphorical cycle of re-awakenings—both life and love—beneath the

myriad forces that diverge and converge in order to do so. Beginning forces of the cosmos. The VERMILION BIRD SUITE is named after one

with the RANDOM PREOCCUPATIONS Suite, the original prose and of the Four symbols of the Chinese constellations. In the Taoist five-

art was used to emphasize the internalized thoughts and feelings and to elemental system, the Vermilion Bird of the South is a mythological

r an dom p reoccu pa describe the layered complexities visually—and sometimes in random, spirit creature representing the fire-element in the southern direction.

disconnected ways. The emergence of my creative writing is an The suite relates star patterns such as “chariot,” and “ghost” to life’s own

essential component to the visual and conceptual purpose of the work. crusading rhythms.

The structural language of the Symbolist poets and the richness America’s Role in the World Jason Edwards

As the United States transitions to the new Obama this lexis. These alterations tell us as much about the administration, American foreign policy has a serious president as they do about the circumstances he faced in debate that is occurring, albeit subtly, among pundits, making foreign policy. The modifications made by a politicians and policymakers: what should the role of president create a rhetorical signature for his presidency the United States be within the world? In fact, this and a symbolic legacy in foreign relations that influ- question has been a bone of contention through the ences future administrations. Navigating the Post-Cold history of American foreign policy, particularly during War World is my analysis of the rhetorical signature that times of transition such as the end of the Spanish- Clinton created, how he used his discourse to shape and American War, World War I and II. Today, we are also in manage this new era of globalization, and the symbolic a period of transition. America’s image has been badly legacy he left for future administrations. damaged by military missteps in Iraq and Afghanistan, One specific area of analysis was America’s role in the and many write that the United States is on the decline world. I dedicate an entire chapter to outlining the and that it will eventually lose its might, as has every various rhetorical strategies that Clinton used to main- major power has since the beginning of recorded his- tain and extend America’s role as world leader. What is tory. What America’s role should be is the fundamental central to this article and the focus of my current re- question that animates my current research and the search project is what influences the debate over the subject of this account. In the following paragraphs, U.S. role in foreign relations. In writing Navigating, I I provide a synopsis of that debate, how President found that this debate is premised by various strands of Clinton dealt with this subject, and where it might American exceptionalism. go from here. American exceptionalism is the distinct belief that the During the 1990s, I became fascinated by how the United States is a unique, if not superior, nation that United States would enact its role as world leader with- has a special role to play in human history. In his fa- out a Soviet enemy. I was particularly interested in how mous treatise, Democracy in America, Alexis de President Clinton managed this new era. I became inter- Tocqueville was the first person to reference America as ested in Clinton because he was a key transition figure exceptional, but our exceptionalist roots can be traced as the United States moved from the Cold War to an age much earlier to the colonial period. Puritan leader John of globalization and because of the level of foreign poli- Winthrop proclaimed that the Massachusetts Bay colo- cy activity that occurred during his administration. Yet ny was going to be a “new Israel” that would be a “shin- Clinton would not be able to rely on the rhetorical ing city upon a hill” for the world to emulate. Later, conventions of the previous era. As a result, I asked how Thomas Paine, writing in Common Sense, pronounced would Clinton rhetorically guide the United States that the American colonies had the “power to begin the without the luxury of the Cold War? Would the U.S. world over again.” This power led many to believe that become more internationalist or retrench and become through America’s providential nature, it could escape isolationist? When, where, and why would the United the trappings of monarchy, a hereditary elite, and other States use force? What would replace containment as ills that plagued Europe in the late eighteenth century. America’s grand strategy? These questions and others Eventually, this exceptionalist belief became engrained led me to write my recently released book: Navigating in American political culture. Today, most public figures the Post Cold War World: President Clinton’s Foreign Policy find no fault with the idea that the U.S. is not only a Rhetoric. In Navigating, I argue that Clinton was able to unique nation, but larger superior to other states around provide a vision for U.S. foreign policy by modifying the world. and adapting America’s foreign policy vocabulary—a set of underlying beliefs, assumptions, ideals, and conven- Generally, three basic tenets make up Americans’ belief tions that all presidents draw upon in their foreign that theirs is a chosen nation. First, the United States is policy rhetoric. What makes each president unique are a special nation with a special destiny. Second, the the specific modifications and contributions made to

Bridgewater Review June 2009 19 america’s role in the world jason edwards United States is qualitatively dif and organizations. The world is too integrated, too the U.S. cannot stay out of the affairs of other nations social and cultural terms. These advocates claim that engagement with the world on economic, political, America best demonstrates its exceptionalism by active mission of intervention. Interventionists maintain that On the other side of this debate are proponents of the affairs of states during the nineteenth century. upon American action, keeping it out of the political foreign policy tradition has largely been a constraint These examples yield the idea that this exemplarist the “well-wisher of freedom and independence to all.” “abroad in search of monsters to destroy.” Rather, it is Adams maintained that the United States does not go ing alliances with none.” Secretary of State John Quincy peace, commerce, and friendship with all, but entangl- argued that America’s foreign policy would be to “seek growth. In his first inaugural address, Thomas Jefferson from “permanent alliances” which may stunt its the young republic in his Farewell Address to stay away political leaders. President George Washington warned basic credo was largely followed by early American could risk domestic gains that it has made at home. This puts an undue burden on the American people and ties, such as intervening in the affairs of other states, for the world is a full-time job. Engaging in other activi- civil rights. Yet exemplarists argue that being a model communities into one America and working for more as increasing material prosperity, integrating diverse that make itself a beacon for the world to emulate, such fulfill its exceptionalism, it should engage in activities political responsibility. In order for the United States to rest of the world and serve as a model of social and America’s role in the world is to stand apart from the mission of intervention. According to exemplarists, traditions are known as the mission of exemplar and the been projected by American politicians. These two traditions of has been a matter of debate for decades. Two distinct can be sanctioned to fulfill these exceptional qualities it is enacted, and what activities States’ specific role should be, how order. However, what the United itself within the international defines how the United States sees American exceptionalism largely the world and their place within it. Americans order to their vision of tionalist tenets function to give states. Taken together, these excep - lems that eventually plague all United States can escape the prob- exceptionalists believe that the ferent than other nations. Third, how the U.S. fulfills its special destiny have - campaign, Buchanan’s basic ideal of American retrench - former policy of no entangling alliances. During that defund all international organizations, and return to its aid, withdraw troops from South Korea and Europe, ed that the United States should discontinue foreign paign, Republican candidate Patrick Buchanan advocat- tury exemplarism. During the 1992 presidential cam- return to its “normal” foreign policy of nineteenth cen- since the United States won the Cold War that it should Kirkpatrick, a staunch cold warrior, advocated that former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Jeanne was time for the United States to retrench. For example, Exemplarists launched an active media campaign that it over America’s role in the world exploded again. World War II. With the end of the Cold War, the debate United States should actively be in the conflict during end of World War I, and the debate over whether the over America’s inclusion in the League of Nations at the American War in the late nineteenth century, the debate clude the imperialism debate during the Spanish come into direct conflict. Some of these examples in- the world. At times in American history, these visions United States should do to best influence the affairs of other. Each camp has a distinct vision of what the interventionists have often been at odds with each Over the past one hundred years, exemplarists and by engaging in this interventionist mission. al community. America’s exceptional heritage is fulfilled democracy for its own interests and for the - internation world,” to actively defend and promote the spread of America’s responsibility, as the “leader of the free American politicians have come to argue that it is erty.” Ultimately, these examples demonstrate that den” and “oppose any foe to assure the success of lib- promised that the United States “would bear any bur freedoms.” In his inaugural address, President Kennedy world look to the United States to help maintain their President Truman stated that the “free peoples of the for democracy.” During his Truman Doctrine address, United States must intervene to make the “world safe War I, President Wilson argued that the On the eve of the U.S. entering World “rescue” them from their “savage” nature. was to “civilize” the population and McKinley argued that America’s purpose the Philippines, President William politicians. In the debate over the fate of this mission have been twentieth-century similar ideals. Largely, the proponents of who subscribe or attempt to subscribe to and more liberty, while defending those toward more democracy, more freedom, and a responsibility to lead the world of its providential heritage, has a duty interconnected. Rather, America, because - ment was shared by Democratic presidential candi- globalization. As a result, the United States was behind dates, Virginia Governor Douglas Wilder and Iowa other nations and it was no longer the most dynamic, Senator Tom Harkin. The views of Kirkpatrick, creative economy in the world. To remedy this situa- Buchanan, Wilder, and Harkin caused, according to tion, the president asserted that the U.S. must get its presidential historian H.W. Brands, a crisis in thinking economic house in order. It must reeducate its popula- about America’s place in the world. tion, it must expand its trade agreements, and it must retool the economy for Amidst this post-Cold War crisis, President Clinton more exports; all of which articulated his position of what America’s role would the administration accom- be. What was unique about Clinton, as I argue in plished in its eight year Navigating, was that he bridged these diametrically foreign policy stint. opposed camps by fusing the exemplarist and interven- Evidence of these accom- tionist narratives together. The president’s argument plishments were constant- went something like this: the United States must main- ly touted by Clinton: the tain its interventionist leadership role, but he predicated negotiation of over 300 that leadership upon the renewal of its domestic exam- bilateral and multilateral ple. By fusing the two narratives together he removed trade agreements, the the inherent tension between the two camps and pro- creation of 22 million jobs, vided a logic for the United States to fulfill its exception- the expansion of American alist destiny by being strong at home so that it could exports, the general rise of maintain its global role as world leader. American wages, and the In fusing these narratives together, President Clinton growth in direct foreign made specific arguments about fulfilling each mission. investment, along with For Clinton, fulfilling the mission of exemplar required other economic accom- the United States do three things. First, the president plishments, were proof that the United States’s status asserted the United States must change the way it as an exemplar nation was redeemed. In turn, this thinks about the international environment. Clinton evidence positioned to maintain its station of global was one of the first political leaders to recognize, get leadership. out in front, and talk about the dramatic changes that Additionally, President Clinton maintained the United globalization brought to the lives of people around States must improve the overall American community the world. For Clinton, globalization was an inevitable to reaffirm its exemplar status. One of the things that reality. No country could escape it. The massive changes the president consistently highlighted was America’s created both opportunities and challenges. The United diversity, a diversity in which hundreds of different States could make globalization its friend or its foe, groups—racial, ethnic, linguistic, and socioeconomic— but if America wanted to win it had to realize that it live in relative harmony. The ability of diverse popula- must adapt, manage, and direct this new era toward tions to live in peace acted as grounds to warrant con- American interests. According to Clinton’s logic, tinued U.S. leadership. The United States acted as a modifications to this era began with the United States model for other nations with diversity problems. That re-establishing itself as an example for the rest of said, Clinton argued there was room for improvement. the world. The president made racial reconciliation, with his sec- For Clinton, restoring America’s exemplar heritage ond-term initiative of “One America,” the centerpiece of began with rebuilding its domestic economy. When his domestic agenda. He wanted Americans to converse Clinton entered office, the U.S. was just beginning to on the subject of race and how it impeded their progress recover from the early 1990s recession. However, the toward a “more perfect union.” Although, the president president asserted throughout the 1992 presidential did not succeed with many of his One America initia- campaign and in the early days of his presidency that tives, he moved the debate on race further than had any America’s prior generation of political leaders (primarily president for thirty years. Clinton’s attempt to deepen Republican presidents) had done little to equip the our appreciation for diversity positioned the United United States to deal with the new realities of the global States as a leader in a multicultural world, renewed its economy. America had not set out on an aggressive exemplarist role. campaign of retooling industries to meet global de- While Clinton’s discourse in the context of the exem- mand, it had not expanded its trade agreements with plar mission provided rhetorical grounds to continue other countries, and it had not reeducated its popula- U.S. global leadership, he also stated that we would not tion to learn new skills that could be used in an era of retreat from our interventionist role as world leader. In

Bridgewater Review June 2009 21 america’s role in the world jason edwards globalization. By maintaining and expanding its leader from leading the world in transitioning to an age of War II and under his leadership it would not shrink its leadership role in the great transition from World president’s logic, the United States did not shrink from with that of America in the 1940s. According to the compared and analogized the U.S. position in the 1990s had shown in the past. In particular, Clinton constantly of transitional leadership that American generations The first involved our role as world leader and the legacy contained in two overarching and overlapping claims. “indispensable nation.” The case for leadership was the case why the U.S. should continue its station as the vention, the president spent most of his time making directing this new era. In fulfilling the mission of inter nation” to provide leadership in shaping, managing and an age of globalism, America was the “indispensable of 2003, left-leaning foreign policy critics, such as Noam Ever since President Bush decided to enter Iraq in March alist interventionism and its exceptionalism in general. lems have only fed the fire against America’s exception- Act, wiretapping of American citizens and other prob- Ghraib, detainees at Guantanamo Bay, the USA Patriot Military missteps in Iraq and Afghanistan, abuse at Abu ings have damaged America’s position as world leader. Since President Clinton left office a number of happen- Clinton administration. ing the interventionist mission was imperative for the exceptional country’s nature was in danger.Maintain- to remain the “indispensable nation.” If not, then the States to maintain, if not expand, its leadership station Clinton, then, it became imperative for the United its destiny to influence the affairs of the world. For progress. If it could not progress, then it could not fulfill inability to evolve. By not leading, America could not nal threat, but by an internal one: our own inaction and that the United States would not be beaten by an exter it the “moment will pass.” Here, the president implied dency demanded American leadership because without our time is inaction.” The exigency of Clinton’s presi- minent threat, be we do have an enemy. The enemy of lose the best possibilities of our future. We face no im- that “if we do not act, the moment will pass and we will told a national audience in his 1993 Address to Congress of urgency and immediateness. For example, Clinton interests. Embedded within this argument was a sense ship was needed to mold and direct this era toward its The second claim Clinton made was that U.S. leader important as the “greatest generation.” “globalization generation” had the potential to be as emulate. By continuing the intervention mission the sion Clinton—became models for future generations to doing so, the “globalization generation”—and by exten- leadership left by America’s “greatest generation.” In ship role, the United States continued the legacy of - - - - American democracy. ly essential for the health of U.S. foreign policy and Understanding these positions and debates are absolute- us in the past, and where they will take us in the future. current foreign policy debates, where they have taken project aim to help others understand the roots of our Ultimately, however, my book and my current research moment, I don’t have answers to these questions. Paul, challenge these exceptionalist positions? At the international affairs? How will others, such as Ron vocabulary? What are the limits of America’s station in exceptionalist heritage and America’s foreign policy current rhetoric regarding our role in the world, our will President Obama’s administration make in the administrations, such as Clinton? What adaptations respect. How does this “new era” differ from previous Muslim world, based on mutual interests and mutual ment with various regions of the globe, such as the he indicated he wanted to usher in a new era of engage- ready and has a responsibility to lead. At the same time, leadership position. He proclaimed that America is the United States to maintaining and resuscitating its in his inaugural address, President Obama committed various enactments of this current debate. For example, My current research project is to trace and analyze It is here where I situate my current research interests. intelligentsia. sation that rages among America’s foreign policy criticisms point to a much larger foreign policy conver to its prestige and the power of its example. These crisis in American life that may do irrevocable damage promotion of Western-style democracy, has created a billions of dollars in trade deficits, and the constant sustainable. The missteps in Iraq and Afghanistan, the maintains that our current international position is not book, critic of our current U.S. interventionist role. In his new University Professor Andrew Bacevich has long been a citate its image and its leadership role. Boston and commerce, a là Washington and Jefferson, to resus- return to using unobtrusive strategies such as free trade interventionist, asserts that the United States must vative, one-time proponent of the Iraq War and devoted Professor, Francis Fukuyama, a prominent neo-conser to a “normal” foreign policy. Johns Hopkins University abandon its role as an interventionist state and return candidate for president, advocates the United States exceptionalism. Texas Representative Ron Paul, a 2008 ber of conservatives who excoriate this militaristic ing an empire. On top of that, there are a growing num- interventionism that has it dangerously close to becom- United States is pursuing a drastic militaristic form of Chomsky and Chalmers Johnson, have argued that the The Limits of —Jason Edwards is American Exceptionalism, Bacevich Communication Studies. Assistant Professor of - -

Our Wings: Aviation Science and College Learning Andrew Holman

The news this Spring was hard to miss by anyone who Bedford airport) know is what the rest of us should: spent much time on campus: Bridgewater State College aviation science has a firm place in the curriculum of opened its own, new Aviation Training Center in a neat, American higher education. Like many American one-story building near the New Bedford airport. There, colleges that have diversified their offerings beyond since January 2009, the College has offered Aviation the liberal arts, the fit has grown more comfortable Science majors classroom learning and uniform, rigor- over time. ous flight training by its own instructors in one of nine leased QMA 11E aircraft recently repainted in BSC-Bear Aviation Studies at BSC crimson and white. The change means that incoming Aviation science at BSC took flight thirty years ago, aviation majors when Vice President Wallace Anderson helped engineer will no longer be a course of sent out to study and flight several local training at airports for Norwood instruction; as Airport. The President Mohler program began Faria noted in its life as part of his address at the college’s the Center’s management opening ceremo- science curricu- ny, “We now lum. Like so have the ability many recent to control and initiatives in ensure the high- that school, est quality in our management flight training.” professor (and then depart- On campus, the ment chair) news was met Sylvia Keyes with a curious played an im- mixed reaction of celebration and wonder. “I think the portant role. “I hired our first aviation science faculty new facility is a big step in the College reaching out to member in 1980–81,” she recalls. Since then, the pro- students and other businesses in the community,” sec- gram has expanded steadily under the direction of a ond-year aviation science major Dennis Murphy said. succession of leaders: Ken Howe (1983–1987), William One social scientist’s reaction took a different tack: Annesley (1987–92), Frank Sterrett (1992–95), Veronica “Now we have our own airforce…and it’s probably Côté (1995–98). Under Professor Côté, the program bigger than those of many countries in the world!” was elevated to full department status and in January Beneath the light-hearted humor, the quip betrays a 1997, a part of the School of Management and Aviation curiosity—perhaps even latent ambivalence—about Science. In 2000, the program hired Frank Sargent as aviation science and its fit in the College’s mission. Director of Aviation Planning and Operations, with the How does practical instruction in flight-instrument aim of stabilizing the school’s flight-training compo- training or air carrier operations square with traditional nent. When the School of Business was created in 2007, learning in liberal arts and professional study—philoso- Aviation Science became again its own department (and phy and mathematics, sociology and elementary educa- Sargent the School’s Associate Dean). The department’s tion? What those in Harrington Hall (and the New current chair, Michael Farley, has witnessed its development and challenges, both in his ten years as a faculty

Bridgewater Review June 2009 23 our wings: aviation science and college learning andrew holman There are about 60 baccalaureate programs in aviation The profile of the students in Aviation Science is not Aviation Science majors at Bridgewater State concen- Aviation Science is among the college’s smaller depart- Aviation science is offered at small, private institutions At BSC, New England-origin students pay half again as Pennsylvania, and even Japan. Though the College Management. Farley notes, and about twice that many flight-training B BSC was the best value for his money. BSC majors. One AvSci major from Dorchester, Mass., Sargent said. program’s place among relatively the few country’s programs at community the colleges. country’s pricy major, particularly at the nation’s private schools. required to do courses in flight training. Still, the flight most half of them migrate to Aviation Management ments, but off campus, one of its most visible. many students may not appreciate the commitment,” member at BSC and as a graduate (in two ways, he is much in tuition and fees as their colleagues in other much different than it is for other majors at BSC. Most largely in the air, as flight instructors and commercial or lege’s traditional sources, including California, for careers in the air-transportation industry: the former four-year degree programs makes it more conspicuous training concentration is plainly more onerous, requir trate in one of two streams: Flight Training or Aviation to prospective students. And its comparatively inexpen- ing students to gain their private and commercial licens- before graduation.” ing aviation programs at SUNY Farmingdale and a a student’s required college credits) and all majors are academically demanding (each claims more than half of as airport, carrier or general aviation-operations manag- an extraordinary amount of time in the air. “At first, a manager of aviation, three flight instructors and sev- also brings some students from places beyond the col- and Rhode Island; but the special nature of the program sive cost helps, too. Aviation science is a notoriously science in the United States, AvSci department chair department in Flight Training,” Farley notes, “but al- corporate airline pilots; the latter largely on the ground one of “our own”). With four full-time faculty members, doesn’t recruit aviation majors in any unique way, the community college in Connecticut, he concluded that of the student body comes from eastern Massachusetts ers. “A very high percentage of our majors enter the es, instrument and flight instructor ratings and spend eral staff members in Bridgewater and New Bedford, estimated his first-year cost at $22,000; after consider eyond BSC Both streams seek to prepare graduates

Both branches of the major are - -

1988 as the Council on Aviation Administration). Aviation Accrediting Board International (established in Administration approval it needs to operate its own As in any field, excellence is a rather slippery concept; it Aeronautical University, a multi-campus specialty Webster—our most local competitor, and Embry- Uncertainty and concerns about unevenness in flight- If it does seek AABI accreditation, Bridgewater State’s will change soon. “Our ten-year program evaluation Riddle—the biggest school,” says Farley. “There are a lot F flight school. Moreover,BSC’s program is affiliated with For Murphy, who has a friend at Embry-Riddle, BSC’s Several smaller private schools, such as Florida Institute State, Western Michigan and the University of Dayton. C Currently, the AvSci program has the Federal Aviation made a real push for it, either,” though he expects that program is poised to make a case much stronger than it program from other schools than there are those who rum rum for aviation educators that sponsors an annual many more students who are transferring into our round out the choices that prospective aviation stu- tion. “It’s not something that faculty have deemed getting here will make me competitive.” begins this summer. A plan to seek accreditation may the University Aviation Association, a 60-year-old fo transfer the other way.” All flight training is regulated in big schools sometimes get lost. We can give our stu- is that some schools have been doing it longer than us. by the Federal Aviation Administration and is, therefore, approved by the discipline’s only accrediting body, the academic conference and publishes a scholarly journal, aviation science program “can hold its own…We’re and instructors, and so do we.” aviation science? “We’re always compared to Daniel as the University of North Dakota, Arizona State, Ohio hierarchy, at the peak of which is Embry-Riddle arly disciplines, the field has its own tacitly ordered as well as several large, public schools. Like many schol- school training and the slowness of governance has small, but I feel that the education and training I’m standard. The only difference there, Dean Sargent notes, school with an enrollment of 34,000 students. For de- critical yet,” Farley said. dissuaded program directors from seeking AABI sanc- come out of that.” dents more individual attention. And there seems to be depends on how it is defined. of similarities and differences. They have good students dents entertain. Where do we fit in the big picture of of Technology and Nashua’s Daniel Webster College, degrees at large omnibus “multiversities” as well, such cades, students have earned four-year aviation science C arewell ollegiate A viation Review omair , H . Still, BSC’s program is not yet “And administration hasn’t ATCello As Farley said, “Students

- could have a year ago when its flight-training program micians to “guard well the portals.” Happily, the experienced turbulence. In July 2008, the College re- Bridgewater State community has avoided that depth of ceived the unexpected news that Comair—the Delta Air division, perhaps because our roots in professional Lines subsidiary and a company with whom BSC had training are long. “The College has decided that the contracted since 2003 to provide flight training for the aviation science curriculum is worthy of a Bachelor of College’s AvSci majors—had chosen to terminate the Science,” Farley said. “It’s part of our mission and I don’t arrangement. Negotiated by Sargent in fall 2002, the really need to defend our place in it.” Indeed, BSC’s BSC/Comair partnership consolidated flight training investment in aviation education mirrors a broader and obviated the need to send students to a variety of pattern afoot in the American higher-education market local airports to get their flying hours. When Comair in the past thirty years. A pressure to attract new stu- withdrew, the program’s public image suffered and dents and to better serve the communities that host enrollment declined (once up to 230 majors, the pro- American colleges and universities has meant that more gram now has 160). Students returned to multiple flight professional and pre-professional programs—such as schools. Ever positive, Farley recalls the gallows humor nursing, speech pathology and aviation science—are that emerged in the department. At one meeting, mem- finding secure places in the academy. bers joked that Comair’s departure was a good thing: There is a new optimism in aviation science at BSC and “Now we can run our own flight school.” a sense that operating its own flight training center is a What they didn’t know was that such a prospect was so launch pad for even greater success. “Our goal is to have close at hand. After considering the options, President 300 majors,” Farley says. Sargent has additional goals: Mohler Faria decided to create BSC’s own flight-training “I’d like to see us develop even more advanced flight center, the first state school-operated facility of its kind training, like glider and aerobatic flight. As it stands in the northeastern U.S. The center has a $1.4 million now, we’re not far behind the country’s premier flight budget, which includes a $2,800/month, two-year lease training programs, but with some work we can provide agreement for each aircraft, and a staff of twelve em- our students with an even better edge.” One of those ployees at the site, including flight instructors. “Our students, Dennis Murphy, is already convinced: Chief Pilot and Assistant Chief Pilot are exceptional,” “Bridgewater State College has a special place in the Sargent said. “They maintain very high standards.” aviation world. I hope it takes full advantage.” The sky is, after all, the limit. The “Fit” Some years ago, Farley was surprised by a member of —Andrew Holman is Professor of History and Associate Editor the BSC Board of Trustees who asked him why the of the Bridgewater Review. He does well on takeoffs, College has an aviation science program. The question but still finds landings a little tough. was startling for an academic unaccustomed to justify- ing a field already established in other colleges and universities. “Often, we’re not looked upon as academics. We’re different. None of us have doctorates, though all of us have graduate degrees. Our expertise is technical.” The difference has previously confronted Farley, a long- time department chair and member of several campus- wide committees, including CART and Project Compass—a campus-diversity initiative. Dean Sargent states the case more bluntly: “There’s a lack of respect; it’s unfortunate.” Unfortunate perhaps, but not uncom- mon in other schools. For example, a minor fracas emerged in 2003 at Western Michigan when the university decided to offer tenure rights to its faculty “special- ists,” such as those in its School of Aviation. About a third of WMU’s faculty voted against the move, arguing that faculty members whose fields do not require them to do research or have terminal degrees shouldn’t be eligible for “the academy’s brass ring.” The case under- lined a resonance in higher education about credentials and a propensity among some long-established acade-

Bridgewater Review June 2009 25 cultural commentary: the names of the war dead william C. Levin the individuality the of individuality their sacrifices. We wouldlike to should totry grasp both the scale of these losses, and Bridgewater Review is published.) As a nation we of will, course, be higher by the time this edition of as of4,200 the of writing numberthis article. (The to military,the American numberingofficial just over and home towns of those dead, American according Recently, I found an alphabetical listing of the names across the television screen after nightly newscasts. newspapers, the faces and names silently scrolling The rates Afghanistan. and numbers in and magazines actions in our killed in Iraq military Americans and attention. For years I have been seeing data about the information seem to with struggle one another for our Sometimes, these collective and individual forms of to the broader statistics. whose Americans individual stories give force and life includevertisements typically the names and faces of are individuals most useful. Political speeches and ad That, however, is where our stories about the lives of are accurate iffigures, alacking bitin the human touch. Bureau has done a good job, then we can assume they as Americans of If 2007). the United States Census households and unemployment in 2006) rates (4.6% of U.S. as of income 2006), averages ($48K median for U.S. people, is presented to us in poverty rates (13.3% in the Collective data, information about large numbers of sorts of information about the condition of Americans. wepolitical campaigns During are withflooded two duced here. being as while still recognizable print. The list is pro towns of dead these American to fitin those two pages, Stepien, to scale the print size of the names and home ing. In this case, we have asked our designer, Donna of Bridgewater Review to explore a topic of my choos I am toprivileged be given two pages in each edition here.try WilliamC.Levin Cultural Commentary: The NamesoftheWar Dead

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- Jeremiah J. Holmes, 27, North Berwick, Maine Florida Berwick, 22, Hollywood, Terry Holmes, North 27, Minnesota Holmes, J. Forks, Grand Jeremiah East 28, Montana Holmes, J. Glasgow, James 26, Illinois Holleyman, N. Malden, 27, Aaron Georgia Hollinsaid, D. Brunswick, 26, Lincoln Holland, J. Kentucky Christopher Whitesburg, 41, Missouri Hoffman, T. James Smithville, 22, Carolina Hodson, South M. Ladson, Nicolas 22, California Hobart, J. Heights, Melissa Citrus 27, Alabama Hines, M. Keicia Opelika, 25, California Hiller, D. Ventura, 26, Stephen Hill, K. Carolina South Christopher Jefferson, 25, Hicks, Jason Ohio Tennessee Duff, 35, B. Hicks, Gregory Galloway, 20, Washington Hickey, R. Julie Kirkland, 21, Minnesota Herring, R. Shakopee, Jacob 20, Herrgott, J. Kansas Edward Derby, 21, II, Herndon F. Joseph Texas 22, California Hernandez, Hesperia, Armando Stanton, Dakota 20, North Henson, W. Bismarck, 41, Clayton Kentucky Hendrickson, W. Alvaton, 33, Kenneth II, Henderson L. Robert Matthew C. Henderson, Nebraska 25, Lincoln, Minnesota Freeport, New Jersey 35, Terry W.39, Willingboro, Hemingway, Hellermann, R. Brian New 25, Orleans Jeremy Heines, M. Tyson 22, Bay New YorkShore, Raheen Heighter, Washington Mississippi 21, Batesville, Heidelberg, L. Damian Arlington, 20, Hebert, Indiana W. Justin LaPorte, 30, Alabama Heath, Rucker, M. Fort David 29, Hazelgrove, D. Brian Pennsylvania Newville, 26, Hayslett, L. Timothy D.C. P. Nathan 21,Washington Hays, Wilbur, Dakota North 21, Forks, Grand Hawk R. Eagle, Sheldon Florida Michigan Gwinn, 43, Jacksonville, C. Hattamer, Stephen 27, Hartman, N. Michigan Jonathan Akron, 41, Hartman, A. David Massachusetts Jr., Hart 29, Georgia Valdosta, Nathaniel Bedford, 20, Hart, D. John California Illinois Azusa, 20, Harris-Kelly, Leroy Chicago, 21, Tennessee Harris, D. Charlotte, Torry 23, Jr., Harris W. Kenneth California Wade, Carolina 34, North Placentia, Harriman, L. 30, Stanley Harrell, M. Kentucky William Owensboro, Wisconsin 44, Harlan, W. James Clintonville, 36, Hansen, S. Warren Fernando B. Hannon, 19, Wildomar, California 29, Yreka, California S. Hancock, Michael 27, N. Hampton, Carolina South Easley, Kimberly Indiana Vermont Bennington, 40, Halvorsen, A. Erik Indianapolis, 19, Halling, M. Jesse Indiana Kansas Indianapolis, 24, Hallal, L. Deryk Uniontown, Alabama 21, Hall, E. Jacksonville, David 23, Virginia Haight, West G. Lanes, Charles Rico Cross 21, Puerto Hafer, W. Anasco, 21, Richard Gutierrez, California E.F. Angeles, Kelvin Los 22, Ohio City, Gutierrez, Ohio 19, Jose Gurtner, D. Dakota South Christian Lead, 31, Carolina North Gukeisen, N. Dunn, Hans 20, Guerrera, R. Joseph California Jr., Michigan Bernardino, Temperance, 20, Garza Juan Guadalupe San 24, Grilley, R. Sean Jersey New Carolina SouthJr., 31,Elgin, Griffin Lee Patrick Emerson, 20, Carolina North Griffin, A. Kyle Raleigh, 39, Greene, S. David Texas Dallas, 20, G. Green, Jeffrey Torrey Gray,L. 19, Illinois Patoka, Tommy New Mexico Gray, L. Roswell, 34, Vermont Virginia J. Gray, Michael Richmond, 32, Monpelier, 29, Gray, A. Jamie Michigan Kentucky Elizabethtown, 24, Midland, C. Graham, Jeffrey 32, , Missouri Goward Ozark, A. Lake 42, Richard Gottfried, S. Richard York New Illinois 37, Vernon, Bartonville, Mt. Goodrich, R. Gregory 22, Gooden, Texas G. 26, California Bernard Norwalk, 19, Gonzalez-Garza, Rodrigo Rodriguez, California Gonzalez Angeles, Franci Los Jose 20, California Gonzalez, A. Indio, Jorge 22, California Angeles, Gonzalez, Los A. 23, Jesus Gonzalez, R. Benjamin Florida Texas Hileah, 25, Gonzalez, Ariel Orange, Armando 20, Maine Goldman, L. Addison, Shane 24, Golding, D. Utah Nicholes Layton, 20, Goldberg, J. David Pennsylvania Golby, A. Johnstown, 26, Christopher Ohio Kansas County, Springs, Bonner 23, Goins, Michael James Muskingum 21, Godwin, J. Todd Missouri Pennsylvania T.Warren, 25, Michael Gleason, Springfield, 34, Florida Givens, A. Jesse Auburndale, 37, Ginther, A. Ronald Connecticut Meriden Maryland W.I, Baltimore, 45, 28, Cornell Gilmore Gilman, L. Benjamin Illinois Decatur, Vermont Brattleboro, 20, Kyle 30, C. Gilbert, California Gifford, Valley, L. Simi 23, Jonathan Maryland Gibson, A. Christopher PrinceFrederick, 31, Gibbons, J. Thomas California 18, Santee, Ryan Geurin, Cory 37, N. Scott New Germosen, York City Pennsylvania Maine 23 Portland, Allentown D. Gelineau, Christopher 38, Geiger, P. Texas Christopher Robstown, 43, Garza, J. Joe De Jeremy R. Horton, 24, Carneys Point, Pennsylvania Carneys 24, Jeremy Horton, R. Texas Worth, Fort 36, Hornbeck, L. Kelly California Orange, 19, Georgia Horn, Sean Kennesaw, 20, Holt, J. Antoine George S. Rentschler, 31, Louisville, Kentucky Louisville, 31, Rentschler, S. Wyoming George Natrona, 23, Reiss, C. Brendon Ohio Colorado Longmont, 36, S. Rehn, Randall Reynoldsburg, 31, Reese, T. Aaron Idaho Craigmont, T. Verde, Edward Camp 32, Arizona Reeder, 20, Reed, J. Christopher Kentucky Campbell, Fort Tatjana 34, Reed, California Ryan E. Reed, 20, Colorado Colorado Springs, Glendale, 21, IV, Ravago A. Rel California Washington Olympia, 36, Angeles, A Ratzlaff, Gregory Los 19, Razani, H. Idaho Omead Rupert, Florida 20, Raney, Florida, C. Miami, Cleston 26, Randle, Illinois L. City, Edmond Calumet 21, Pennsylvania Ramsey, Brandon Quakertown, Mexico 24, New Ramos, J. Albuquerque, Tamarra 26, Oregon Ramos, Portland, 19, Christopher Ramirez, C. Calif Diego, William San 31, Texas Ramirez, McAllen, U. 34, Eric Ramirez, Ohio Christopher Canton, 27, Ramey, P. Richard 37, B. Quinn, Tampa, Florida Michael Pennsylvania Summit, Pocono 36, Jaror C. Puello-Coronado, Tennessee 21, Read, Greeneville, Michael Brandon Maryland Park California Frazier 28, C. Prosser, Brian Charlestown, 23, Profitt, Jason Maryland 37, Alabama Price, E. Birmingham, Bruce 24, Prewitt, Montana S. Kelley Stevensville, 22, Pratt, Washington P. Dean Manfield, 21, Kentucky Powers, J. Caleb Radcliff, 26, Tennessee Powell, E. City, James Johnson 22, Kentucky Potter, L. David Louisville, 24, Potter, K. Darrin Polley, E. Jr., TexasCenter, 20, Larry Illinois California Ranch, W.Justin 21, Naperville, Foothill Pollard, 30, Pokorny, R. Andrew Jersey New Station, Jr., Pokorney E. 31, Tonopah, Frederick Nev Neshanic 33, . Plumhoff, Michigan Steven Lansing, 21, Montana Plite, Jason Stevensville, 22, Mexico Pratt, P. New Dean Mesa, La 27, Arizona Pirtle, H. City, Tuba James 23, Piestewa, Vermont Ann Lori Starksboro, 29, Piche, E. Pierre Jersey New Illinois Chicago, 44, Linden, Phipps, L. 37, Ivory Philippe, Colorado Gladimir Clifton, 19, Phelps, R. Chance Oklahoma Gibson, Idaho Petty, M. Falls, Idaho 25, Jerrick Fort 28, Petty, H. Michigan Erickson Flint, 30, Arizona Petriken, J. Brett Flagstaff, 27, Peterson, R. Kansas Alyssa Dorado, El 25, Peters, W. Dustin California Louisiana Albany, 20, C. Persing, Charles Bakersfield, 36, Massachusetts Perry, S. Webster, 33, David Perreault, L. Theodore Connecticut 27, New York Monroe, J. Pernaselli, Norwalk, Michael 24, Jr., Perez York New Wilfredo Theresa, 19, Perez, A. Luis California Angeles, Los 24, Perez, Geoffrey Texas Christi, Rico Puerto Grande, Rio 25, Joel Perez, Corpus 40, Perez, R. Hector Oklahoma Virginia Spring, Glade 36, V.Gregory Shawnee, Pennington, 36, Indiana Pennanen, Wayne, A. Fort Ross 28, California Angeles, Penisten, H. Los 32, Brian Penamedina, D. Abraham Michigan Michigan Flint, F.26, Otsego, Pedersen, Michael 46, Payne, Florida L. William Lakeland, 23, Jr., Payne R. Ronald Carolina North Carolina South Jr., G. Esau Patterson Ridgeland, 25, Kannapolis, 30, Parson, B. David Michigan 27, III, Parkerson E. Yuba Harvey City, Cali Preston, 38, Parker, Vincent Louisiana Slidell, Tommy Jr., Parker 23, Arkansas L. 21, Cleburne, Parker, E. Kristian Texas California Elsinore, 18, Parker, R. Lake Daniel Bryan, 20, Parker, Minnesota David James Northome, 26, California Panchot, A. Dale Banning, 25, Palmer, M. Joshua Texas 28, Paliwoda, T. Eric Massachusetts T.22, Lynn, Gabriel Palacios, Ariz Yuma, 26, Indiana Shelbyville, 25, D. Shawn Pahnke, Virginia Padilla-Ramirez, Winchester, Fernando 20, Jr., Owens Ohio Edward David Middletown, 31, Massachusetts Owens, D. Bartt Needham, 37, Ouellette, J. Ohio Brian Columbus, 27, Ott, C. Kentucky Kevin Hardin, 24, Otey, E. Deshon Alabama Ozark, 43, S. O’Steen, Mark 41,Arkansas J. Orton, Humnoke, Billy California Florida J. Cody 21,Orr, Ruskin, Delano, 26, York New Orozco, Osbaldo Buffalo, 26, Orlowski, J. Eric Tennessee 43, Rico Puerto Orlando, S. Alta, Kim Toa 32, Orengo, Arizona P. Richard Chandler, 28, Onwordi, Massachusetts B. Justin Haverhill, 19, California O’Neill, W. Evan Ramona, 22, Ohio Ojeda, C. Sandusky, Ramon 22, II, Odums E. Charles Ohio Worthington, T. Patrick California 20, O’Day, Sonoma, 20, Oberleitner, F. Pennsylvania Branden Erie, 20, Jr., Oaks S. Georgia Donald Blackshear, 32, Nutt, T. David Wyoming Tennessee Todd 29,Hills, Nunes, E. Chapel Cheyenne, Texas 24, Nott, E. Antonio, San Leif 26, Georgia Norquist, C. Augusta, Joseph 42, Normandy, J. California William Chino, 34, Nolasco, O. Ma Bruce A. Rushforth Jr., 35, Middleboro, Massachusetts Middleboro, 35, Jr., Rushforth A. Bruce Texas El 25, TexasPaso, Rubalcava, Isela Katy, 25, Rozier, D. Tennessee Jonathan Aqua, Bon 54, Rowe, D. Illinois Roger Roscoe, 20, Rowe, J. Brandon Maine Tennessee D. Westbrook, Memphis, 20, Ross, Marco 33, Roukey, A. Lawrence California Westminster, 29, New Hampshire Berlin, 23, S. Rosenberg, Randy Carolina North Rosales-Lomeli, A. Victor Fayetteville, 30, Michigan Rose, C. Louis, Scott Saint 21, Rosas, H. Richard 21, Kent Diego San Rosacker, Randal New Hampshire Nashua, Rooney, E. 43, Robert Oregon Colorado Lafayette, 30, Romero, A. Daniel Gresham, 23, York New Rogers, G. Queens, 21, Philip Ohio Rodriguez, M. Hamilton, Robert 23, Mexico Rockhold, T. New Marlin Roswell, 33, Rocha, D. Moses Florida Park, New York Jr., Robsky E. Joseph 31, Elizaville, Winter 21, Roberts, D. Robert Oregon California Woodland, 32, C. Roberts, Neil Newport, 30, Roberts, W. Bob Rico Puerto P.Delaware 18, Bear, Anthony Baja, Roberts, Vega 31, Robles, Michigan Lizbeth Pentwater, 33, York New Robbins, J. Todd Schenectady, 27, Robbins, D. Thomas Virginia Colorado Golden, 26, C. Risner, Woodbridge, Henry 23, Jr., Rivers K. Frank Rico Puerto T.John Tampa, 23, Florida Rivero, Bayamon, 34, Rivera, A. Jose Indiana 27,Colorado B. Arvada, Rippetoe, Russell Griffith, 25, Georgia Rios, R. Conyers, 19, Duane Rincon, Washington Fernando Tree, Diego Maple 36, Ridout, M. Juan Illinois Clinton, 23, Ridlen, Jeremy L. Mexico New El 25, TexasPaso, Ortonville, Rico, Ariel 24, Rice, L. Demetrius Michigan California Ana, Santa Lansing, 28, Suarez, Reynosa Rafael East 25, Reynolds, C. Washington Sean Wapato, 27, Rico Puerto Reynoso, G. Yadir Caguas, 29, Torres, California Reyes Diego, Ramon San 30, Retzer, E. Thomas Adam L. Thomas, 21, Palos Hills, Illinois Hills, Palos 21, Thomas, L. Wisconsin Adam Casco, 23, Georgia Thiry, L. Augusta, 52, Jesse Sr., Thigpen, R. W.Virginia Thomas Bluefield, 21, California Valley, Thacker, T. Moreno Juston 20, Tetrault, York New Andrew York, Jason New 26, Tejeda, A. Riayan Texas Virginia Dallas, 29, Teal, John Mechanicsville, 31, Teal, R. John Texas Falls D. Mark Taylor, 41,California Stockton, Wichita 31, Alabama Taylor, E. Daphne, John 25, Taylor, M. Christopher New Jersey Yury Tarlavsky, Passaic, 30, Michael Jersey 33, Sutton, Tarango-Griess, Ann New Linda Nebraska Atco, 32, Tapper, M. David W.Virginia Charleston, 24, L.Talbert, DeForest California Oceanside, 33, S. Tainsh, Patrick Nebraska Ill Lincoln, Zurich, Lake 32, III, Paul 26, Syverson R. Dakota Swisher, W. North Christopher Bismarck, 23, II, Sweet J. Thomas Island Rhode Pennsylvania Warwick, Paul Sweeney, A. Lakeville 32, 43, Swartworth, T. Missouri Sharon Joplin, 31, Svitak, J. Philip W.Virginia Parkersburg, Illinois Park, J. 21, Tinley Sutter, 28, Michael Sutphin, Washington Harold Pierce, 37, Ernest Vanderhorn, Kentucky J. Christopher Williamstown, 31, York Bishop, New L. Jason Hilton, 21, Hasenauer, D. Oklahoma Jason Jenks, 30, Nevada Meister, C. Tobias Sparks, 20, Morberg, M. Joshua Panama New York Hempstead, S. 26, Sage, Lance Ancon, 28, Santos, Texas E. Cypress, Isaias 44, Salter, M. Michigan Richard Freeport, 20, Carver, Georgia O. Jesup, Dane 25, Coles, R. Dominic Michigan California Muskegon, 20, O. Anthony Cardinal, Pomona, 22, Hawaii Gudino, Wahiawa, 24, Sergio Ohio Hills, Maravillosa, L. Seven Myla 34, Jr., California Andres, J. Fremont, Joseph 36, Willey, Vermont C. Cheyenne Richford, 24, Johnson, A. Joshua Hawaii TexasJr., Waipahu, Spring, Durbin M. 26, Jerry 21, Calapini, T.D. Lewis Georgia Tunnel 24, Scott, A. Joshua Hill, Oklahoma City, D. Hunter, Matthew 31, West Grove, Valley Virginia Oklahoma 32, Chase, M. Kansas Lance Oklahoma Partridge, Wagler, Florida, D. Peter Miami, 32, Texas Norton, L. Antonio, Jason San 28, McElroy, Brian Alaska Georgia Columbus, 30, Scott, Rickey Anchorage, 45, Troxel, W. Chester Alaska Alaska Fairbanks, 26, I. Edwards, Michael Wasilla, Rico 22, Puerto Melson, E. Hatillo, Jacob 29, Lopez-Reyes, Oregon Jason Stayton, 25, Missouri Walker, Louis, D. St. 37, Ryan III, Hecker F. Virginia Vienna, William 33, Petty, P. Alabama Christopher Talladega, 39, White, J. Stephen California Texas J. Jr.,Johnny Peralez Stockton, Kingsville, 25, 21, Mariano, M. Florida Robbie Davie, 23, Pennsylvania Cann, L. Castle, Adam New 27, Gettings, P. Louisiana Albert Rouge, Baton Florida 20, McCurdy, S. Inverness, Ryan 22, Mexico New Flanagan, J. Dennis Fruitland, 23, Indiana Yazzie, J. California Lafayette, Clifton 23, Angeles, Frantz, Los C. 22, Matthew Ohio Arrelano-Pandura, Carlos Somerville, 21, Shepherd, R. Adam California El Segundo, 34, Rex C. Kenyon, Missouri Hawaii Wahiawa, 34, Conway, Ruel Garcia, M. 21, Guam Kendall, L. Mangilao, 22, Dustin Maryland Dudkiewicz, A. Kasper Crownsville, 20, Watts, Illinois J. Justin Woodlawn, Price, K. Florida Jonathan Sarasota, 28, Jackson, E. Kyle Carolina Jr.,North 31, K. Carver Charlotte, Mitchell Georgia Augusta, 35, Jordan, Anthony Michael Iowa Maryland Salisbury, 25, J. McMullen, Michael Lehigh, 23, Kansas Field, City, R. Rico Garden Nathan 31, Puerto Upchurch, R. Carolina, 24, Clinton Camilomatos, Virginia News, Radhames Newport 22, Carolina Brown, W. North Kyle Clayton, Jacobs, P. Michigan Jeriad Climax, 20, Virginia Little, T. Stafford, Jason 22, Lundstrom, L. Brett Iowa Peosta, California 21, Monrovia, Mercado, Raul 44, Anderson, M. California Stuart 36, Bouff, La A. Douglas Missouri 43, Martinez, R. Michael Alabama Washington Ephrata, 25, Campbell, L. Texas Jaime Jefferson, 36, Liverpool, deMoors, D. 20, Joseph McCrackin, M. Ohio Christopher Columbus, 37, Jr., Mendoza J. Texas Ramon Nixon, 21, N.Jersey Longoria, Deptford, M. West John 33, Indiana Sutherland, J. Manchester, Stephen 20, Ohio Zubowski, A. Cleveland, Rico Scott 20, Puerto Ruiz, Mendez Rincon, A. 22, David Mendez-Sanchez, Massachusetts Avon, Antonio 21, II, Fisher Georgia E. Donald Savannah, 27, Chisholm, L. Illinois Tyrone Morris, 27, Terando, A. Joshua Colorado 49, Timnath, C. Parrott, Michael Florida Carolina North F.19, Daniel Swaim, Yadkinville, Oviedo, 35, Cashe, C. Alwyn Mexico New Cruces, Jeremy P. 19, Tamburello, Denver, Co Dana N. Wilson, 26, Fountain, Colorado Fountain, Ohio 26, Columbus, Wilson, N. 38, Dana III, Wilkins L. Charles City, 29, Alabama Phenix Willoughby, R. Christopher New York Buffalo, 46, Williams, L. Michael Orleans New 29, Williams, V. Taft York New 31, Yuma, Arizona J. Williams, Highland, Michael 24, W.Virginia Williams, Eugene Walker, 22, Wilfong, S. Joshua Indiana Judson, , North 20, J. Wiesemann Michael Oregon 21, York New Whitham, R. Brooklyn, Chase 24, White, W. Oklahoma William Lawton, 29, White, W. Steven Arizona P.19,Delaware Russell Dagsboro, White, Mesa, 30, White, Oklahoma D. Nathan Shawnee, 27, Georgia White, Dean Columbus, 20, Aaron Utah Whitaker, A. Ogden, 30, Marquis Whetstone, Douglas Mason York New Michigan 22 Concord, Wheeler, L. Donald Oregon Watertown, 34, Portland, West, 26, G. James Wesley, Rivera J. Christopher Massachusetts Florida Egremont, Wershow,M. 22, Gainesville, Jeffrey North 29, Wells, M. Stephen Louisiana 22, Mount Hermon, Wells, L. Larry Georgia Conyers, Weldon, 20, Pittsburgh Creighton Russell Michael 28, Weismantle, J. Douglas Florida Tennessee 32, Weaver, A. Knoxville, Aaron 28, Virginia Watts, E. Danville, 37, Christopher III, Watkins R. William Kansas 29, Waters-Bey, Damon Baltimore Ottawa, Kendall 21, Wasser, B Oklahoma Christopher Bryan, 21, Washalanta, Nachez Oklahoma Tulsa, 25, Michigan Ward, M. Huron, Jason Port 33, Oregon Walters, A. Salem, Howard 33, Jersey New Walters, Ralph Millville, Donald 25, Jr., Walkup, A. Thomas California de Maryland Havre Grace, 33, C. Walker, Jeffrey Lancaster, 28, Walker, K. Illinois Allan Heights, Carolina North Fairview Salisbury, 30, Wahl, L. 24, Gregory Wagener, A. Christopher Florida Beach, Texas Spring, B. 20, Wafford, Palm Michael West 19, Wadman, J. California Brandon Willows, 22, Vue, Thai Oklahoma 27,Pennsylvania Voelz, A. Kimberly Carlisle, Bokoshe, 21, Vincent, M. Scott Massachusetts Texas Pecos, 35, Mata, Villareal Johnny Methuen, 25, Vicente, M. David 29, Diego San Paul Velazquez, A. Rico Puerto W. Buchanan, Michael Vega, 41, Lathrop,California Fort 20, Vega, M. Frances Illinois Chicago, 32, D. Michigan Port 35, Mark Huron, Vasquez, Vargas-Medina, D. Oscar Oregon Massachusetts Falls, Klamath 20, F. Gary VanLeuven, Bristol, 21, IV, Gyzen Ohio Van J. John Columbus, 39, Ohio Dusen, Van K. Mansfield, Brian 20, W.Virginia Vandayburg, J. Allen Morgantown, 38, Jr., Vance Texas Arden Pass, Gene Eagle 26, Valles, Texas Melissa Diego, San 21, Jr., Illinois Valdez Ruben Hammond, 38, Utt, E. Ernest P. Daniel Unger, 19, California Exeter, California Wisconsin 21, III, Amherst, Uhl A. Eugene Riverside, 33, Tyson, Illinois D. Andre Sterling, 21, Tyrrell, York M. New Scott Tonawanda, 32, W.Virginia II, Tycz P. Peter Parkersburg, 37, Jr., Virginia Turner C. Roger Chesapeake, 21, Michigan Tuazon, L. Gaines, 20, Andrew Trevithick, K. Richard J. Tracy, 27,William New Hampshire Texas Carolina Tosto,North L. Apex, 24, Michael Veribest, 21, III, Torrez Elias S. Torres, 21, Michael El TexasPaso, Houston 25, Tennessee Torres, M. Juan Clarksville, 25, California Torres, Beach, Richard Long 23, Torres, D. George Pennsylvania Toney, Timothy New York Pittsburgh, 37, Manhattan, 24, Tomko, Pennsylvania A. Nicholas Bridgeport, 24, Mexico New III, Todd H. John Farmington, 29, Todacheene, Oregon D. Lee Portland, 19, Tobler, S. Idaho Brandon Boise, 20, Florida Titus, T. Beach, Walton Brandon Fort 32, Jersey New Tipton, E. Newark, John 25, Timoteo, F. Humberto Alabama City, 27, Rainbow Arizona D.Chandler, Patrick Tillman, 35, Jr., Thornton C. Robert 27, B. Thompson, Delaware Jarrett Dover, Carolina South Orangeburg, 26, O. Anthony Thompson, Islands Virgin St. 36, Thomas, Kansas Thomas, Kendall Topeka, 23, Thomas, G. Kyle Marshall H. Caddy, 27, Carolina North Marshall Nags Head, Wisconsin W.V. Bay, 19,Parker, L. Marion, Bradley Green 20, Hunt, R. Isaiah Florida Florida St. 34, Augustine, Rapicault, M. Marc Patrick Orlando, 22, Smith, D. Antoine Massachusetts California 22, Gilroy, Ailes, A. Jeramy Bedford, 19, Desiato, R. Travis Jersey New Diego San 25, Peralta, Rafael Gloucester, 25, Ryan, T. Indiana Marc Kokomo, 20, Nebraska Swain, E. Vista, La James 23, Texas Kielion, E. Pearland, Shane 22, Miller, L. William Maryland 21, Indiana Upland, Thompson, M. Deposit, Lance Port 21, Jr., California Burger A. Cruz, Dale Santa 21, Maryland Perez, H. Towson, 22, Andres Texas Ziolkowski, L. Nicholas Pflugerville, Michigan 25, Pleasant, Norwood, W. Mount 20, Byron Ellsworth, M. Justin Louisiana Connecticut J. Monroe, 23, Dempsey, Kevin Covington, Carolina 19, North McLeese, D. Lumberton, Justin 23, Bryan, S. California Benjamin Angeles, Los 22, Lu, R. Victor Texas P. Sean El 32, TexasPaso, Sims, Lubbock, 23, California Velez, A. Country, Jose Canyon York 19, New Lake, Larsen, W. Cole White 36, York Dima, New D. Celoron, Catalin 23, Matteson, Vegas C. Las 19, James Maryland Anderson, H. Nicholas Cockesville, 21, Virginia Branning, M. David Woodbridge, 20, Medina, A. Brian Nebraska Atlanta D.Albion, 28, Iwan, Edward 25, Shields, B. Indiana Elwood, Jonathan 22, White, Ohio L. Howard, Raymond 22, Wisconsin Anderson, R. Nathan Sheboygan, 24, Prening, Iowa P. Brian Imogene, 21, Indiana Maher, L. Jarrod Croosville, 23, California Strader, W. Marino, San Morgan 24, Blecksmith, P. Wyoming James Laramie, Colorado 20, Burns, W. Littleton, Kyle 27, II, Holder S. Theodore Pennsylvania Florida Casselberry, 25, Bowling, A. Theodore Maryland Fredericktown, Spring, 28, Silver Huey, P. 20, Sean Illinois Doerflinger, K. Inverness, Thomas 22, Giannopoulos, J. Peter Florida Texas 21, Friendswood, Wesley J. Canning, Jacksonville, 22, Woods, Julian California Georgia Sebastopol, 45, C. Ottolini, Michael Brinson, 25, Jr., Malcom T. Dan Illinois Marion, 21, J. Bay Hodges, Erick Point, California 20, Texas Pickering, C. Antonio, Aaron San 28, Michigan Ramirez, Gene Hemlock, 20, Michigan Reppuhn, D. Salle, La Justin 21, Jr., Miller Florida J. Dennis Miami, 21, II, Texas Jimenez J. Antonio, Romulo San 38, Moore, G. Horst Wisconsin Slay, L. TexasHumble, Bend, 28, Russell West 38, Texas Cornell, R. Falls, Todd Marble 25, Trotter, Texas B. John Uvalde, 24, Illinois Babbitt, A. Travis Naperville, 25, Caruso, M. David Indiana California 19, Simpson, Chino, Huntingburg, Abraham 45, Faulkenburg, W. Steven California Beach, Pennsylvania Huntington D. 29, Lonny Wells, Vandergrift, 24, James, C. Illinois William Wheaton, 19, Larson, D. Washington Nicholas Kirkland, 19, Wood, Florida R. Nathan Homestead, 26, York Segura, New E. Juan Waterloo, 37, Illinois Auchman, E. Steven Blandinsville, 24, Palmer, Wisconsin D. Joshua Waukesha, 23, II, Warns P. Robert Wisconsin DeForest, Tulsa,T. 24, Oklahoma Nathaniel Hammond, 24, Jersey New O’Donnell, K. Shane Lumberton, 31, Freeman, L. Bryan Kansas New York 22, Queens, Lam, Jeffrey Atchison, 39, Wisdom, L. Clinton Kansas Troy, 21, Clary, A. Illinois Don Boone, 22, Ramey, P. Washington Branden Clark, 29, Ries, G. David Houston 20, California Zapp, J. Viejo, Thomas Mission 26, Kentucky Tran, Binh Quoc Lexington, 20, York Langley, New M. Sean Seneca, West 27, Baker, Alabama Rico K. Puerto Brian Eufaula, 20, Carolina, Yoemans, 24, R. Justin Camacho-Rivera, M. California Carlos Fresno, 21, Baro, A. California Jeremiah Clovis, 22, Hubbard, P. Jared Ohio N. D. Wentz, 21,L. Cody Williston, Hamilton, 22, Webb, J. Charles N.Y , Iowa 22, Emerson, III, C. Kearney James Jericho, 25, Lynch, D. W.Virginia Matthew Fairview, 23, II, Georgia Byrd T. Macon, John 28, Courtney, L. Kelley Carolina South G. 19,Andrew Riedel, Colorado Northglenn, Cowpens, 25, Arizona Fox, A. Peoria, Travis 22, Lapka, J. Christopher California Jeremy D. Bow, Lemoore, 20, Georgia Washington, 28, P. Michael Scarborough, Maryland Vegas Las 19, Forestville, Lukac, 25, John Fortune, Keith Maurice Kentucky New York Brooklyn, 34, Akintade, Burkesville, Frederick Segun 30, II, Downing P. Stephen Texas Sr., Antonio, San Battles 38, Michael Carolina South California Perris, 25, Gomez, Charleston, Billy North 42, Massachusetts Lemon, Jerome Raynham, 22, Oliveira, California Brian Saugus, 19, Florida Slocum, P. Richard H Bradley J. Bergeron, 25, Houma, Louisiana Houma, 25, J. Bradley Bergeron, Louisiana Louisiana Houma, Huey LaPlace, P.24, Fassbender, L. 20, Frickey, L. Louisiana Armand California Marrero, 29, Murphy, A. TwentyninePalms, Warren 25, Texas Davis, S. Pharr, 22, Zachariah Alvarez, Cisneros C. Julio Indiana 21,Depew, R. BeechGrove, Cory Arkansas D. Floral, Jimmy 43, Buie, Arkansas Arkansas Mabelvale, Jeremy W.28, EveningShade, McHalffey, 33, Washington Marcum, S. Spanaway, Joshua 20, WootenIII, L. Atlanta Curtis 25, Iowa Washington, J. Bennie CouncilBluffs, 22, Houser, E. Thomas Rico Indiana Puerto 31, Jeremy Wright, R. Shelbyville, Aquada, 47, Munoz, A. Y. N. Pedro Buffalo, Jersey 21, New LeBrun, Jeff WestMilford, 19, Louisiana Rouge, Parrello, P. Baton 32, Brian Barnett, W. Indiana Christopher Marion, 21, Florida Hillenburg, Hillsboro, Eric 21, Montana Phillips, R. James Lincoln, Carolina 21, North Smith, C. Charlotte, Raleigh 31, Jr., Virginia Jacobsen W. William Manassas, 38, O’Dell, D. Robert York Pennsylvania New Bridgeport, 30, Paul D. Karpowich, Brooklyn, 47, Melo, W.Virginia S. Julian Bluefield, 33, California VanKomen, Valley, D. Castro Darren 23, Johnson, S. Maine Robert Freedom, 47, Sr., Poulin California R. Lynn Corona, 21, Maine Castro, Jonathan Sommerville, 20, Dostie, J. Thomas Virginia George, Tennessee Dover, 26, Hewitt, M. King Cory 20, Mason, C. Virginia Nicholas Stafford, 20, Ruhren, A. David Louisiana 22, Jeanerette, Ayro, Lionel Virginia 37, Arlington, Baldwin, Joel Egan Illinois Illinois D. 21, Neil Petsche, Lena, Zion, 33, Farmer, B. Donald Texas Antonio, City, Texas League 23, San K. Meza, Berry 24, Sweger, A. Franklin Jr., D.California 21, Anderson Modesto, Michael 21,New York the Bronx, City Martinez, A. Arizona Victor Tucson, 22, Time, S. Wisconsin Tina Oshkosh, 21, Wisconsin Vroman, T. Brent Waukesha, 22, Georgia Warner, D. Fayetteville, Richard 23, Blanton, S. Jeffery Baton Louisiana Rouge, 24, Kirk, L. Jeffrey California 21,Arkansas Jason S. Fulton, Camp Hughes, Clairday, Lake 21, Oklahoma Stewart, W. Moore, Ian 38, Texas Blazer, L. Melvin Ingleside, 22, Lopez, F. Ohio Hilario Defiance, 19, Ramsey, Florida A. Pasco, Joshua 25, Dickinson, W. Connecticut Joshua Ashford, 21, Hoyt, W. Robert Mexico Pennsylvania New P. Colorado Gregory Rund, 21, Littleton, Oxford, 21, Albuquerque, 20, Renehan, J. Kyle Adlesperger, S. Christopher Carolina South Campobello, 25, C. Shields, Andrew Florida Edgewater, Carolina South 31, 39, Hill, D. Rock Patrick Leach, IV, Williams C. Texas Arthur Angelina, 37, Gibbs, C. Todd Virginia Springfield, 30, N. Stubenhofer, Michigan Mark Warren, Indiana 23, Kim, Goshen, C. In 28, III, Trost California L. Jose, San Marvin 36, Washington Roodhouse, W. Edwin Kirkland, 25, Ward, M. Texas Andrew Euless, 27, Eggers, A. Kyle Oregon Samoa J. Tuialuuluu, Pago Salamo 23, Pago, American Hammond, 24, York New Mitts, A. Depew, 28, David York Gasiewicz, New Anne Cari Brooklyn, 45, Behnke, O. Joseph Jersey New Shade, Texas Whitesboro, 24, Maple Boatright, L. Michael 20, Virginia Mahlenbrock, P. David Alexandria, 20, Illinois Le, N. Binh Millstadt, 21, Wyatt, A. Matthew Tennessee New York Bronx, 38, Knoxville, Irizarry, E. Henry 22, York New Harrison, D. Island, George Green 21, Fisher, M. David Virginia Church, Texas Falls Christi, Corpus 23, 36, Kolda, A. Zachary Pena, Indiana Obleas-Prado Javier Otterbein, 22, Wilson, Texas S. Hondo, Bryan Rio 26, York New Diaz, E. Isaac Brooklyn, 26, Texas City, Calderon, A. Pablo Missouri 24, Jr., Guereca Jose Maryland W. Cascade, Erik 24, Hayes, York New Bronx, Florida Orlando, 20, 39, Davis, A. Daryl York Engeldrum, P. New Christian Baldwin, 29, Urbina, F. Wilfredo City, Pearl Magaoay, A. 20, Hawaii Blake Colorado Junction, Grand 25, B. Shackelford, California Michael Angeles, Los 22, City, Oklahoma W. Carl Oklahoma 23, Lee, Martinezluis, Jersey R. New Clark, Trinidad 20, Benish, C. Stephen Florida New Hampshire Panacea, Manchester, 20, Brooks, R. Adam 22, Jr., Hanson A. Charles 21, Napa, California Arizona J. Bosselmann, Kirk Tucson, 19, Lucero, E. Joshua New Mexico 27, Albuquerque, Jeremy Christensen, E. Virginia John C. Spahr, 42, Cherry Hill, New Jersey Hill, 42, Cherry C. John Spahr, Georgia Minnesota Woodbury, 30, C. Hinz, Kelly Columbus, 36, McGee, E. John California Angeles, Colorado Los 27, Burlington, 24, J. Lutters, Derrick Arana, Garcia Alabama Dios De Juan Fairfield, Florida 26, Beach, Parker, Walton A. Fort Kenya 25, Gadsden, V. Michigan Clifford Haslett, Michigan 29, Lake, Frank, W. Union Stephen 28, III, Indana Harting J. Evansville, Ralph 20, York New DeBlanc, A. Jamestown, Darren 19, Jr., Cooper S. Charles Missouri 37, C. Kiser, Columbia, Timothy Tehama, California 29, Edens, A. Nevada William Sparks, 31, Morris, W. Eric Oregon W.Jr., Winston, Ricky 28, Rockholt York New W. Windsor, Robert Jr.,Murray Indiana 21, Westfield, New 23, Tremblay, S. Iow City, Joseph Sioux 22, California Rice, L. Molinos, David Los 31, Johnson, C. Allen Kansas 39, Wichita, J. Timmy Millsap, York New W. Babylon, Gary Walters Jr., Texas 31, West Victoria, 21, Ohio Defazio, W. City, Robert Plain 22, Prince, W. Oregon Kevin Portland, 28, Kent, A. Aaron Ohio California J. Jr., Anthony Davis Beach, 22, Long Frankfort, 20, Colburn, Maryland J. Gavin Willards, Arizona 26, Guy, A. Flagstaff, Robert 22, Mortenson, G. Marty New York York New 21, Lowville, Cannan, M. Kelly Buffalo, 27, Oregon Pfister, M. Newport, Jacob 20, Wessel, S.K. Kevin Arizona Tucson, 18, Oregon Huff, W. Sam Eugene, 46, Thornton, W. Arizona Steven Yuma, 21, Knott, L. Indiana Joseph York Portage, New 20, Sirko, F. Brooklyn, Steven 36, Jr., Lozada L. Angelo Michigan Creek, Virginia K. ToyTromaine Swartz Sr., Eastville, 24, Texas 21, Rico Stevens, Village, L. Puerto Randy Highland 20, Hormigueros, Hudson, 33, M. Aaron Gonzalez, Ramirez Aleina James C. Edge, 31, Virginia Beach, 27, B. VirginiaLindemuth, Petoskey, Michigan Michael Georgia Florida Coral, Cape 20, III, Lopez Manuel Columbus, 20, Iowa Dickens, J. Tyler Burlington, West 21, California Miller, W. John Redding, 19, LaWare, Oregon M. Casey Lebanon, 40, Davis, D. California Kevin Valley, York Simi 21, New Venegas, C. Juan Philadelphia, 20, Struble, Sascha Carolina South Carolina North K. Spivey, 21, Michael Fayetteville, Spartanburg, Carolina 45, North High, C. Hertford, Stephen 30, Woodard, L. Romanes Indiana Barbaralien Vernon, Banks, 41, Mt. Harvey, 26, Louisiana Lee, S. Massachusetts James Bosto, 37, Carolina South Connolly, S. David Charleston, 36, Murphy, J. Edward Washington Rico New York24, Ayala, David City, New York Cheney, Puerto 32, Diaz, Prather, J. Juana 42, Clint Missouri Matos-Colon, A. Charleston, Edwin 29, Jr., Sanders R. Charles Ohio Cincinnati. 20, J. Freeman, Daniel Virginia G. Stout, Travelers Carolina South 23, Rest, Chesapeake, Chrystal 25, II, Sykes L. California Pendelton Carlsbad, 42, Florida Watkins, Florida, J. Glenn Miami, 25, Alaska Garcia, J. Salcha, 22, Javier Kinchen, C. Jeremiah York New Tennessee Tonawanda, Ridge, Oak 35, C. Kennedy, Stephen 32, California Valley, Dill, W. Moreno 23, Christopher Richardson, D. Kentucky William Ekron, 27, Virginia Sherrill, A. Church, James Falls 19, Samoa Dengkhim, American Tenzin Pago, Pago 29, Jr., Tavae F. Ioasa California Maria, Santa 30, Wesley Rimes, Orleans Garry New 23, Louisiana Godbolt, M. Lee Natchitoches, 31, Sinclair, J. Isiah Indiana T.Milford, 36, Michael Fiscus, Pennsylvania Indiana College, T. Bluffton, 33, Michael Hiester, State 23, Hershey, Indiana M. Brett W.Virginia Carlisle, 21, Snyder, K. Summersville, 23, Norman Richardson, J. Minnesota Bryan Byron, 22, Ohio Bruce, R. Travis Springfield, 20, Smith, S. Kevin Texas Worth, Fort 20, Paul 37, W.III, Talbot, Thomason Tennessee Martinez, G. Kentucky Francisco Lebanon, 21, Hughes, A. Virginia Jonathan Norfolk, 28, Jr., Lewis A. Nebraska Lee Wayne, 25, Koele, M. Shane Utah D. Howell, 26, Payne, Rocky 39, Paul Baton Louisiana Heltzel, Rouge, M. Carolina South Michigan Ovid, 36, Kieffer, A. Ricky Lexington, 20, Arizona Torrence, L. Glendale, Joshua Iowa 21, Wilson, E. Mechanicsville, Nicholas 29, Jr., Griffith D. York New Donald York Vernon, New 35, Mazur, Henrietta, Alec West 23, Wisconsin City, Koch, A. Fountain Matthew 24, Bossert, L. Andrew Pennsylvania Iowa 22, Coudersport, W. Michael Franklin, Oelwein, 27, Michigan Garceau, K. Seth Southfield, 31, Grimes, Sean Delaware Wisconsin Newark, W.Creek, Black 38, Donald Eacho, 26, McGowan, M. Stephen 27, Twyman, California Wade Vista, Michael Texas Illinois 21, G Tommy S. Little, 47, Aliceville, Alabama Ryan Anthony Beaupre, 30, Bloomington, Illinois Charles A. Kiser, 37, Cleveland, Wisconsin Patrick D. Stewart, 35, Fernley, Nevada Christopher A. Merville, 26, Albuquerque, New Mexico William D. Richardson, 23, Moreno Valley, California Kenneth Conde Jr., 23, Orlando, Florida Edward A. Schroeder II, 23, Columbus, Ohio Frederick L. Miller Jr., 27, Hagerstown, Indiana Tulsa T. Tuliau, 33, Watertown, New York William J. Brooks, 30, Birmingham, Alabama James L. Beckstrand, 27, Escondido, California Daniel Leon Kisling Jr., 31, Neosho, Missouri Kenneth G. Ross, 24, Peoria, Arizona Daniel R. Wyatt, 22, Caledonia, Wisconsin Christopher W. Dill, 32, Tonawanda, New York Timothy M. Conneway, 22, Enterprise, Alabama Aaron H. Reed, 21, Chillicothe, Ohio Marvin L. Miller, 38, Dunn, North Carolina Casey E. Howe, 32, Deford, Michigan Stephen P. Saxton, 24, Temecula, California Gregory A. Belanger, 24, Narragansett, Rhode Island Nicholas Brian Kleiboeker, 19, Irvington, Illinois John M. Flynn, 36, Sparks, Nevada Ian T. Zook, 24, Port St. Lucie, Florida Stephen C. Kennedy, 35, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Steven D. Conover, 21, Wilmington, Ohio Grant B. Fraser, 22, Anchorage, Alaska Joseph Minucci II, 23, Richeyville, Pennsylvania Robert F. White, 34, Cross Lanes, W.Virginia Aaron N. Cepeda Sr., 22, San Antonio, Texas ArmyAubrey D. Bell, 33, Tuskegee, Alabama John K. Klinesmith Jr., 25, Stockbridge, Georgia Tane T. Baum, 30, Pendleton, Oregon Oscar A. Martinez, 19, North Lauderdale, Florida Jeremiah C. Kinchen, 22, Salcha, Alaska Aaron J. Contreras, 31, Sherwood, Oregon Marine Cpl. David S. Stewart, 24, Bogalusa, Louisiana Troy L. Miranda, 44, DeQueen, Arkansas Jason A. Benford, 30, Toledo, Ohio Lance T. Graham, 26, San Antonio, Texas Wilfred D. Bellard, 20, Lake Charles, Louisiana Floyd G. Knighten Jr., 55, Olla, Louisiana Adrian B. Stump, 22, Pendleton, Oregon Michael S. Weger, 30, Rochester, New York Javier J. Garcia, 25, Miami, Florida, Florida Pedro Contreras, 27, Harris, Texas Marine Cpl. David Kenneth J. Kreuter, 26, Cincinnati George A. Mitchell, 35, Rawlings, Maryland Steve Morin Jr. , 34, Arlington, Texas Michael V. Postal, 21, Glen Oaks, New York Christopher Belchik, 30, Jersey, Illinois Joshua L. Knowles, 23, Sheffield, Iowa Shawn A. Graham, 34, Red Oak, Texas Dennis L. Pintor, 30, Lima, Ohio Glenn J. Watkins, 42, Carlsbad, California Robert M. Cook, 24, Sun Prairie Wisconsin Justin F. Hoffman, 27, Delaware, Ohio Keman L. Mitchell, 24, Hilliard, Florida Elizabeth N. Jacobson, 21, Riviera Beach, Florida Jeffery L. Wiener, 32, Louisville, Kentucky Joseph P. Bellavia, 28, Wakefield, Massachusetts Kevin T. Kolm, 23, Hicksville, New York Steven A. Valdez, 20, McRea, Arkansas Victor A. Gonzalez, 19, Watsonville, California Pendelton L. Sykes II, 25, Chesapeake, Virginia Jason Cook, 25, Okanogan, Washington Bradley J. Harper, 25, Dresden, Ohio Michael W. Mitchell, 25, Porterville, California Daniel L. Arnold , 27, Montrose, Pennsylvania Michael A. Marzano, 28, Greenville, Pennsylvania William M. Bennett, 35, Seymour, Tennessee Martin W. Kondor, 20, York, Pennsylvania Howard Paul Allen, 31, Mesa, Arizona Paul M. Felsberg, 27, West Palm Beach, Florida Chrystal G. Stout, 23, Travelers Rest, South Carolina Eric F. Cooke, 43, Scottsdale, Arizona Nicholas William B. Bloem, 20, Belgrade, Montana Sean R. Mitchell, 24, Youngsville, Pennsylvania George A. Pugliese, 39, Carbondale, Pennsylvania Steven R. Givens, 26, Mobile, Alabama Robert T. Benson, 20, Spokane, Washington Patrick W. Kordsmeier, 49, North Little Rock, Arkansas Andrew P. Wallace, 25, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Jaime Moreno, 28, Round Lake Beach, Illinois Daniel J. Freeman, 20, Cincinnati. Ohio Sean M. Corlew, 37, Thousand Oaks, California Eric J. Bernholtz, 23, Grove City, Ohio Jesse D. Mizener, 24, Auburn, California Eric W. Slebodnik, 21, Greenfield Township, Pennsylvania Nicolas E. Messmer, 20, Franklin, Ohio David R. Bernstein, 24, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania Edward J. Korn, 31, Savannah, Georgia Michael J. Wendling, 20, Mayville, Wisconsin Charles R. Soltes Jr., 36, Irvine, California Charles R. Sanders Jr., 29, Charleston, Missouri Dennis A. Corral, 33, Kearney, Nebraska Timothy M. Bell Jr., 22, West Chesterfield, Ohio Timothy W. Moehling, 35, Florida Lee A. Wiegand, 20, Hallstead, Pennsylvania Thor H. Ingraham, 24, Murrysville, Pennsylvania Joel L. Bertoldie, 20, Independence, Missouri Bradley S. Korthaus, 28, Davenport, Iowa Elijah M. Ortega, 19, Oxnard, California Mark P. Phelan, 44, Green Lane, Pennsylvania Edwin A. Matos-Colon, 42, Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico Alexander S. Coulter, 35, Tennessee Chad J. Simon, 32, Madison, Wisconsin Robert J. Mogensen, 26, Leesville, Louisiana Oliver J. Brown, 19, Athens, Pennsylvania Nicholas C. Kirven, 21, Richmond, Virginia Stephen A. Bertolino, 40, Orange, California Jakub Henryk Kowalik, 21, Schaumburg, Illinois Tulsa T. Tuliau, 33, Watertown, New York Ronald W. Baker, 34, Cabot, Arkansas Clint J. Prather, 32, Cheney, Washington Leonard M. Cowherd, 22, Culpeper, Va Theodore Clark Jr., 31, Emporia, Virginia Jorge A. MolinaBautista, 37, Rialto, California James J. Stoddard Jr., 29, Crofton, Maryland Gary A. Eckert Jr., 24, Toledo, Ohio Bryan P. Bertrand, 23, Coos Bay, Oregon Elmer C. Krause, 40, Greensboro, North Carolina Casey E. Howe, 32, Deford, Michigan Jeremy F. Regnier, 22, Littleton, New Hampshire David Ayala, 24, New York City, New York Ryan R. Cox, 19, Derby, Kansas Nils G. Thompson, 19, Confluence, Pennsylvania Adam G. Mooney, 28, Cambridge, Maryland John G. Doles, 29, Claremore, Oklahoma Richard P. Schoener, 21, Hayes, Louisiana Marvin Best, 33, Prosser, Washington Dustin L. Kreider, 19, Riverton, Kansas Robert F. White, 34, Cross Lanes, W.Virginia Mark A. Barbret, 22, Shelby Township, Michigan Edward J. Murphy, 36, Charleston, South Carolina Brian T. Craig, 27, Houston Damian J. Garza, 19, Odessa, Texas Jason William Moore, 21, San Marcos, California Willard T. Partridge, 35, Ferriday, Louisiana Dustin A. Derga, 24, Columbus, Ohio Mark A. Bibby, 25, Watha, North Carolina Bradley G. Kritzer, 18, Irvona, Pennsylvania Jason A. Benford, 30, Toledo, Ohio Bradley S. Beard, 22, Chapel Hill, North Carolina David S. Connolly, 37, Bosto, Massachusetts Timothy R. Creager, 21, Millington, Tennessee John M. Henderson Jr., 21, Columbus, Georgia Stuart W. Moore, 21, Livingston, Texas Christopher L. Palmer, 22, Sacramento, California Lawrence R. Philippon, 22, Hartford, Connecticut Benjamin W. Biskie, 27, Vermilion, Ohio John F. Kurth, 31, Wisconsin Steve Morin Jr. , 34, Arlington, Texas Omer T. Hawkins II, 31, Cherry Fork, Ohio James S. Lee, 26, Mt. Vernon, Indiana Michael T. Crockett, 27, Soperton, Georgia Terry W. Ball Jr., 36, East Peoria, Illinois Travis A. Moothart, 23, Brownsville, Oregon Michael R. Lehmiller, 23, Anderson, South Carolina Marcus Mahdee, 20, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Michael E. Bitz, 31, Ventura, California William W. Labadie Jr., 45, Bauxite, Arkansas Elizabeth N. Jacobson, 21, Riviera Beach, Florida David L. Waters, 19, Auburn, California Barbaralien Banks, 41, Harvey, Louisiana Ricky L. Crockett, 37, Broxton, Georgia Brett E. Walden, 40, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Jose L. Mora, 26, Bell Gardens, California Joshua M. Hyland, 31, Missoula, Montana Anthony L. Goodwin, 3,3, Mount Holly, New Jersey Jarrod W. Black, 26, Peru, Indiana Joshua S. Ladd, 20, Fort Gibson, Mississippi Daniel L. Arnold , 27, Montrose, Pennsylvania Josiah H. Vandertulip, 21, Irving, Texas Romanes L. Woodard, 30, Hertford, North Carolina Brud J. Cronkrite, 22, Spring Valley, California Robert V. Derenda, 42, Ledbetter, Kentucky Melvin Y. Mora, 27, Columbia, Missouri Blake W. Hall, 20, East Prairie, Missouri Taylor B. Prazynski, 20, Fairfield, Ohio Thomas A. Blair, 24, Wagoner, Oklahoma Anthony S. Lagman, 26, Yonkers, New York George A. Pugliese, 39, Carbondale, Pennsylvania Kyle Ka Eo Fernandez, 26, Waipahu, Hawaii Stephen C. High, 45, Spartanburg, South Carolina Bradley S. Crose, 22, Orange Park, Florida Chase J. Comley, 21, Lexington, Kentucky Michelangelo A. Mora, 19, Arroyo Grande, California Elden D. Arcand, 22, White Bear Lake, Minnesota Stephen P. Baldwyn, 19, Saltillo, Mississippi Michael T. Blaise, 29, Tennessee Michael V. Lalush, 23, Troutville, Virginia Eric W. Slebodnik, 21, Greenfield Township, Pennsylvania Brian S. Hobbs, 28, Mesa, Arizona Michael K. Spivey, 21, Fayetteville, North Carolina Kyle D. Crowley, 18, San Ramon, California Brahim J. Jeffcoat, 25, Philadelphia Orlando Morales, 33, Manati, Puerto Rico Brian L. Morris, 38, Centreville, Michigan Michael J. Bordelon, 3,7, Morgan City, Louisiana Ernesto M. Blanco, 28, San Antonio, Texas Alan Dinh Lam, 19, Snow Camp, North Carolina Lee A. Wiegand, 20, Hallstead, Pennsylvania William I. Salazar, 26, Las Vegas Sascha Struble, 20, Philadelphia, New York Rey D. Cuervo, 24, Laguna Vista, Texas Kurt E. Krout, 43, Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania Kevin N. Morehead, 33, Little Rock, Arkansas Marine 2nd Lt. James J. Cathey, 24, Reno, Nevada John T. Schmidt III, 21, Brookfield, Connecticut James D. Blankenbecler, 40, Alexandria, Virginia James I. Lambert III, 22, Raleigh, North Carolina Oliver J. Brown, 19, Athens, Pennsylvania Alan J. Burgess, 24, Landaff, New Hampshire Juan C. Venegas, 21, Simi Valley, California Kevin A. Cuming, 22, North White Plains, New York Seferino J. Reyna, 20, Phoenix Brent L. Morel, 27, Martin, Tennessee Joseph C. Nurre, 22, Wilton, California Wesley G. Davids, 20, Dublin, Ohio Christopher M. Blaschum, 33, Port St. Joe, Florida James P. Lambert, 23, Ascension Parish, Louisiana James J. Stoddard Jr., 29, Crofton, Maryland Brian K. Schramm, 22, Rochester, New York Kevin D. Davis, 40, Lebanon, Oregon Daniel Francis J. Cunningham, 33, Lewiston, Maine Christopher M. Falkel, 22, Highlands Ranch, Colorado David J. Moreno, 26, Gering, Nebraska Victoir P. Lieurance, 34, Seymour, Tennessee Jourdan L. Grez, 24, Harrisonburg, Virginia Jay A. Blessing, 23, Tacoma, Washington Jonathan W. Lambert, 28, New Site, Mississippi John G. Doles, 29, Claremore, Oklahoma Jonathan J. Santos, 22, Whatcom, Washington Casey M. LaWare, 19, Redding, California Jason D. Cunningham, 26, Camarillo, California Ramon E. Gonzales Cordova, 30, Davie, Florida Gerardo Moreno, 23, Terrell, Texas Joseph D. Hunt, 27, Sweetwater, Tennessee Jonathan W. Grant, 23, Santa Fe, New Mexico Joseph M. Blickenstaff , 23, Corvallis, Oregon Andrew David La Mont, 31, Eureka, California Willard T. Partridge, 35, Ferriday, Louisiana Michael G. Owen, 31, Phoenix John W. Miller, 21, West Burlington, Iowa Carl F. Curran, 22, Union City, Pennsylvania Hernando Rios, 29, Queens, New York Luis A. Moreno, 19, the Bronx, New York Marine Pfc. Ramon Romero, 19, Huntington Park, California Nicholas B. Erdy, 21, Williamsburg, Ohio Nicholas H. Blodgett, 21, Wyoming, Michigan Sean G. Landrus, 31, Thompson, Ohio Christopher L. Palmer, 22, Sacramento, California William I. Brennan, 36, Bethlehem, Connecticut Tyler J. Dickens, 20, Columbus, Georgia Michael Edward Curtin, 23, South Plains, New Jersey Anthony N. Kalladeen, 26, Purchase, New York Dwight J. Morgan , 24, Mendocino California Hatim S. Kathiria, 23, Fort Worth, Texas Christopher R. Dixon, 18, Columbus, Ohio Trevor A. Blumberg, 22, Canton, Michigan Mitchell A. Lane, 34, Lompoc California Michael R. Lehmiller, 23, Anderson, South Carolina Christopher B. Johnson, 29, Excelsior Springs, Missouri Manuel Lopez III, 20, Cape Coral, Florida Christopher E. Cutchall, 30, McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania Ryan S. Ostrom, 25, Liberty, Pennsylvania Dennis B. Morgan, 22, Valentine, Nebraska Carlos J. Diaz, 27, Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. Samuel T. Castle, 26, Naples, Texas Jeremy L. Bohlman, 21, Sioux Falls, South Dakota Shawn A. Lane, 33, Corning, New York Joshua M. Hyland, 31, Missoula, Montana Andrew C. Ehrlich, 21, Mesa, Arizona Michael B. Lindemuth, 27, Petoskey, Michigan Brian K. Cutter, 19, Riverside, California Miguel Carrasquillo, 25, River Grove, Illinois Geoffery S. Morris, 19, Gurnee, Illinois Chris S. Chapin, 39, Proctor, Vermont Kendall H. Ivy II, 28, Crawford, Ohio Jeffrey E. Bohr Jr., 39, Ossian,Iowa Moises A. Langhorst, 19, Moose Lake, Minnesota Blake W. Hall, 20, East Prairie, Missouri William M. Amundson Jr., 21, The Woodlands, Texas James C. Edge, 31, Virginia Beach, Virginia Anthony D. D’Agostino, 20, Waterbury, Connecticut Francis J. Straub Jr., 24, Philadelphia Rick A. Morris Jr., 20, Lubbock, Texas Timothy M. Shea, 22, Sonoma, California John M. Smith, 22, Wilmington, North Carolina Todd J. Bolding, 23, Manvel, Texas Tracy L. Laramore, 30, Okaloosa, Florida Elden D. Arcand, 22, White Bear Lake, Minnesota Douglas E. Bascom, 25, Colorado Springs, Colorado Aleina Ramirez Gonzalez, 33, Hormigueros, Puerto Rico Nathan S. Dalley, 27, Kaysville, Utah Gennaro Pellegrini Jr., 31, Philadelphia Nicholas B. Morrison, 23, Carlisle, Pennsylvania Ivica Jerak, 42, Houston Kenneth E. Zeigler II, 22, Dillsburg, Pennsylvania Craig A. Boling, 38, Elkhart, Indiana Scott Q. Larson Jr., 22, Houston Brian L. Morris, 38, Centreville, Michigan Jesse M. Samek, 21, Rogers, Arkansas Aaron M. Hudson, 20, Highland Village, Texas Andrew S. Dang, 20, Foster City, California John Kulick, 35, Harleysville, Pennsylvania Keelan L. Moss, 23, Houston Trevor J. Diesing, 30, Plum City, Wisconsin Andrew R. Jodon, 27, Karthaus, Pennsylvania Doyle W. Bollinger Jr., 21, Poteau, Oklahoma Matthew C. Laskowski, 32, Phoenix, Arizona Marine 2nd Lt. James J. Cathey, 24, Reno, Nevada Jonathan E. Gadsden, 21, Charleston, South Carolina Randy L. Stevens, 21, Swartz Creek, Michigan Danny B. Daniels II, 23, Varney, W.V. Nathaniel E. Detample, 19, Morrisville, Pennsylvania James D. Mowris, 37, Aurora Missouri Damion G. Campbell, 23, Baltimore Travis W. Anderson, 28, Hooper, Colorado Kelly Bolor, 37, Whittier, California William T. Latham, 29, Kingman, Arizona Joseph C. Nurre, 22, Wilton, California Dennis J. Boles, 46, Homosassa, Florida Tromaine K. Toy Sr., 24, Eastville, Virginia Norman Darling, 29, Middleboro, Massachusetts Christopher M. Katzenberger, 25, St. Louis Cory R. Mracek, 26, Hay Springs, Nebraska Joseph L. Martinez, 21, Las Vegas Charles C. Gillican III, 3,5, Brunswick, Georgia Juan C. Cabral Banuelos, 25, Emporia, Kansas Karina S. Lau, 20, Livingston, California Victoir P. Lieurance, 34, Seymour, Tennessee Richard P. Slocum, 19, Saugus, California Angelo L. Lozada Jr., 36, Brooklyn, New York Eric B. Das, 30, Amarillo, Texas Evenor C. Herrera, 22, Gypsum, Colorado Rodney A. Murray, 28, Ayden, North Carolina Obediah J. Kolath, 32, Louisburg, Missouri Jacob M. Simpson, 24, Ashland, Oregon Joshua I. Bunch, 23, Hattiesburg, Mississippi Jeffrey D. Lawrence, 22, Tucson, Arizona Joseph D. Hunt, 27, Sweetwater, Tennessee Brian Oliveira, 22, Raynham, Massachusetts Steven F. Sirko, 20, Portage, Indiana Shawn M. Davies, 22, Aliquippa, Pennsylvania Wakkuna A. Jackson, 21, Jacksonville, Louisiana Krisna Nachampassak, 27, Burke, Virginia Charles R. Rubado, 23, Clearwater, Florida Wesley R. Riggs, 19, Baytown, Texas Cody S. Calavan, 19, Lake Stevens, Washington Mark A. Lawton, 41, Hayden, Colorado Marine Pfc. Ramon Romero, 19, Huntington Park, Jerome Lemon, 42, North Charleston, South Carolina Joseph L. Knott, 21, Yuma, Arizona Bryant L. Davis, 20, Chicago, Illinois Robert E. Drawl Jr., 21, Alexandria, Virginia Paul T. Nakamura, 21, Santa Fe Springs, California Dennis P. Hay, 32, Valdosta, Georgia Antwan L. Walker, 22, Tampa, Florida Juan Calderon Jr., 26, Weslaco, Texas Travis J. Layfield, 19, Fremont, California California Billy Gomez, 25, Perris, California Steven W. Thornton, 46, Eugene, Oregon Brandon L. Davis, 20, Cumberland, Maryland Christopher F. Sitton, 21, Montrose, Colorado Nathan W. Nakis, 19, Corvallis, Oregon Gregory J. Fester, 41, Grand Rapids, Michigan Robin V. Fell, 22, Shreveport, Louisiana Charles T. Caldwell, 38, North Providence, Rhode Island Rene Ledesma, 34, Abilene, Texas Hatim S. Kathiria, 23, Fort Worth, Texas Michael Battles Sr., 38, San Antonio, Texas Sam W. Huff, 18, Tucson, Arizona Craig Davis, 37, Opelousas, Louisiana Adam P. Servais, 23, Onalaska, Wisconsin Kenneth A. Nalley, 19, Hamburg, Iowa, Monta S. Ruth, 26, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Bernard L. Sembly, 25, Bossier City, Louisiana Nathaniel A. Caldwell, 27, Omaha, Nebraska Bum R. Lee, 21, Sunnyvale, California Carlos J. Diaz, 27, Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico. Stephen P. Downing II, 30, Burkesville, Kentucky Kevin S.K. Wessel, 20, Newport, Oregon Donald N. Davis, 42, Saginaw, Michigan Chadwick T. Kenyon, 20, Tucson, Arizona Christopher G. Nason, 39, Los Angeles, California Jason E. Ames , 21, Cerulean, Kentucky Wyatt D. Eisenhauer, 26, Pinckneyville, Illinois Joseph Camara, 40, New Bedford, Massachusetts Ken W. Leisten, 20, Cornelius, Oregon Chris S. Chapin, 39, Proctor, Vermont Segun Frederick Akintade, 34, Brooklyn, New York Jacob M. Pfister, 27, Buffalo, New York Jefferson D. Davis, 39, Watauga, Tennessee Gabriel G. DeRoo, 25, Paw Paw, Michigan Kevin Nave, 36, Union Lake, Michigan Lowell T. Miller II, 35, Flint, Michigan Kurt D. Schamberg, 26, Euclid, Ohio Michael C. Campbell, 34, Marshfield, Missouri Cedric L. Lennon, 32, West Blocton, Alabama Timothy M. Shea, 22, Sonoma, California Maurice Keith Fortune, 25, Forestville, Maryland Kelly M. Cannan, 21, Lowville, New York Raphael S. Davis, 24, Tutwiler, Mississippi Adam A. Galvez, 21, Salt Lake City, Utah Rafael L. Navea, 34, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Derek S. Hines, 25, Newburyport, Massachusetts Brad A. Wentz, 21, Gladwin, Michigan Ryan M. Campbell, 25, Kirksville, Missouri Farao K. Letufuga, 20, Pago Pago, American Samoa Ivica Jerak, 42, Houston John Lukac, 19, Las Vegas Marty G. Mortenson, 22, Flagstaff, Arizona Wilbert Davis, 40, Tampa, Florida Randy L. Newman, 21, Bend, Oregon Charles L. Neeley, 19, Mattoon, Illinois Robert L. Hollar Jr., 35, Griffin, Georgia Steven C. Tucker, 19, Grapevine, Texas Marvin A. Camposiles, 25, Austell, Georgia Justin W. Linden, 22, Portland, Oregon Trevor J. Diesing, 30, Plum City, Wisconsin Michael P. Scarborough, 28, Washington, Georgia Robert A. Guy, 26, Willards, Maryland Jeffrey F. Dayton, 27, Caledonia, Mississippi Brad A. Clemmons, 37, Chillicothe, Ohio Paul M. Neff II, 30, Fort Mill, South Carolina George R. Draughn Jr., 29, Decatur, Georgia Carl J. Morgain, 40, Butler, Pennsylvania Isaac Campoy, 21, Douglas, Arizona Roger G. Ling, 20, Douglaston, New York Damion G. Campbell, 23, Baltimore Jeremy D. Bow, 20, Lemoore, California Gavin J. Colburn, 20, Frankfort, Ohio Jason L. Deibler, 20, Coeburn, Virginia Paul J. Darga, 34, Lansing, Michigan Gavin L. Neighbor, 20, Somerset, Ohio Lonnie J. Parson, 39, Norcross, Georgia John B. Ogburn III, 45, Fruitland, Oregon Ervin Caradine Jr., 33, Memphis, Tennessee Joseph L. Lister, 22, Pleasanton, Kansas Joseph L. Martinez, 21, Las Vegas Christopher J. Lapka, 22, Peoria, Arizona Anthony J. Davis Jr., 22, Long Beach, California Felix M. Delgreco, 22, Simsbury, Connecticut James D. Hirlston, 21, Murfreesboro, Tennessee Joshua M. Neusche, 20, Montreal, Missouri Ryan J. Nass, 21, Franklin, Wisconsin Charles T. Wilkerson, 30, Kansas City, Missouri Adolfo C. Carballo, 20, Houston Nino D. Livaudais, 23, Ogden, Utah Obediah J. Kolath, 32, Louisburg, Missouri Travis A. Fox, 25, Cowpens, South Carolina Aaron A. Kent, 28, Portland, Oregon Jerod R. Dennis, 19, Oklahoma Thomas J. Barbieri, 24, Gaithersburg, Maryland Joseph L. Nice, 19, Nicoma Park, Oklahoma Luke C. Williams, 35, Knoxville, Tennessee Tyler L. Creamean, 21, Jacksonville, Arkansas Michael M. Carey, 20, Prince George, Virginia Dale T. Lloyd, 22, Watsontown, Pennsylvania Charles R. Rubado, 23, Clearwater, Florida Andrew G. Riedel, 19, Northglenn, Colorado Kevin W. Prince, 22, Plain City, Ohio Darryl T. Dent, 21, Washington, D.C. Seth A. Hildreth, 26, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina Dominique J. Nicolas, 25, Maricopa, Arizona Jeffrey A. Williams, 20, Warrenville, Illinois Aaron N. Seesan, 25, Ohio Richard P. Carl, 26, King Hill, Idaho Daniel J. Londono, 22, Boston Dennis P. Hay, 32, Valdosta, Georgia Kelley L. Courtney, 28, Macon, Georgia Robert W. Defazio, 21, West Babylon, New York Ervin Dervishi, 21, Fort Worth, Texas David J. Almazan, 27, Van Nuys, California Isaac Michael Nieves, 20, Unadilla, New York Matthew C. Bohling, 22, Eagle River, Alaska Kenneth J. Schall, 22, Peoria, Arizona Ryan G. Carlock, 25, Macomb, Illinois Ryan P. Long, 21, Seaford, Delaware Gregory J. Fester, 41, Grand Rapids, Michigan John T. Byrd II, 23, Fairview, W.Virginia Gary W. Walters Jr., 31, Victoria, Texas Daniel A. Desens, 20, Jacksonville, North Carolina Darry Benson, 46, Winterville, North Carolina Patrick R. Nixon, 21, Nashville, Tennessee Robert N. Martens, 20, Queen Creek, Arizona Benjamin C. Morton, 24, Wright, Kansas Benjamin R. Carman, 20, Jefferson, Iowa Zachariah W. Long, 20, Milton, Pennsylvania Monta S. Ruth, 26, Winston-Salem, North Carolina Matthew D. Lynch, 25, Jericho, , N.Y Timmy J. Millsap, 39, Wichita, Kansas Michael R. Deuel, 21, Nemo, South Dakota Joshua D. Jones, 24, Pomeroy, Ohio Marcos O. Nolasco, 34, Chino, California Jude R. Jonaus, 27, Miami, Florida Kyle M. Hemauer, 21, Chilton, Wisconsin Edward W. Carman, 27 McKeesport, Pennsylvania Duane E. Longstreth, 19, Tacoma, Washington Jason E. Ames , 21, Cerulean, Kentucky James C. Kearney III, 22, Emerson, Iowa Allen C. Johnson, 31, Los Molinos, California Michael J. Deutsch, 21, Dubuque, Iowa Kenneth M. Cross, 21, Superior, Wisconsin William J. Normandy, 42, Augusta, Georgia Franklin R. Vilorio, 26, Miami, Florida Christopher S. Perez, 30, Hutchinson, Kansas Jocelyn L. Carrasquillo, 28, Wrightsville Beach, North Juan Lopez, 22, Whitfield, Georgia Lowell T. Miller II, 35, Flint, Michigan Charles J. Webb, 22, Hamilton, Ohio David L. Rice, 22, Sioux City, Iow Christopher M. Dickerson, 33, Eastman, Georgia Daniel G. Dolan, 19, Roy, Utah Joseph C. Norquist, 26, San Antonio, Texas Christopher L. Everett, 23, Huntsville, Texas Joshua T. Brazee, 25, Sand Creek, Michigan Carolina Richard M. Lord, 24, Jacksonville, Florida Derek S. Hines, 25, Newburyport, Massachusetts Cody L. Wentz, 21, Williston, N. D. Joseph S. Tremblay, 23, New Windsor, New York Nicholas J. Dieruf, 21, Versailles, Kentucky Jeffrey J. Hansen, 31, Cairo, Nebraska Leif E. Nott, 24, Cheyenne, Wyoming Jeremy M. Campbell, 21, Middlebury, Pennsylvania Russell J. Verdugo, 34, Phoenix Frank T. Carvill, 51, Carlstadt, New Jersey Edgar E. Lopez, 27, Los Angeles, California Robert L. Hollar Jr., 35, Griffin, Georgia Jared P. Hubbard, 22, Clovis, California Robert W. Murray Jr., 21, Westfield, Indiana Jeremiah J. DiGiovanni, 21, Tylertown, Mississippi Moises Jazmin, 25, Providence, Rhode Island Todd E. Nunes, 29, Chapel Hills, Tennessee Kurtis D. K. Arcala, 22, Palmer, Alaska Daniel Ryan Varnado, 23, Saucier, Mississippi Jose Casanova, 23, El Monte, California Raymond Losano, 24, Del Rio Texas George R. Draughn Jr., 29, Decatur, Georgia Jeremiah A. Baro, 21, Fresno, California Ricky W. Rockholt Jr., 28, Winston, Oregon James R. Dillon Jr., 19 Grove City Pennsylvania Qixing Lee, 20, Minneapolis, Minnesota David T. Nutt, 32, Blackshear, Georgia Robert D. Macrum, 22, Sugarland, Texas Saburant Parker, 43, Foxworth, Mississippi Christopher S. Cash, 36, Winterville, North Carolina David L. Loyd, 44, Jackson, Tennessee Lonnie J. Parson, 39, Norcross, Georgia Carlos M. Camacho-Rivera, 24, Carolina, Puerto Rico Eric W. Morris, 31, Sparks, Nevada Jeremy M. Dimaranan, 29, Virginia Beach, Virginia Shaun A. Novak, 21, Two Rivers, Wisconsin Donald S. Oaks Jr., 20, Erie, Pennsylvania Shane C. Swanberg, 24, Kirkland, Washington Audrey Daron Lunsford, 29, Sardis, Mississippi Ahmed A. Cason, 24, McCalla, Alabama Robert L. Lucero, 34, Casper, Wyoming Ryan J. Nass, 21, Franklin, Wisconsin Justin R. Yoemans, 20, Eufaula, Alabama William A. Edens, 29, Columbia, Missouri Michael A. Diraimondo, 22, Simi Valley, California Tristan C. Smith, 23, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania Branden F. Oberleitner, 20, Worthington, Ohio David H. Ford IV, 20, Ironton, Ohio Bryan Edward Barron, 26, Biloxi, Mississippi James A. Casper, 20, Coolidge, Texas Jacob R. Lugo, 21, Flower Mound, Texas Luke C. Williams, 35, Knoxville, Tennessee Brian K. Baker, 27, West Seneca, New York Timothy C. Kiser, 37, Tehama, California Jason A. Disney, 21, Fallon, Nevada Donald E. Champlin, 28, Natchitoches, Louisiana Patrick T. O’Day, 20, Sonoma, California Alan N. Gifford, 39, Tallahassee, Florida Randy D. Collins, 36, Long Beach, California Paul J. Cassidy, 36, Laingsburg, Michigan Jason C. Ludlam, 22, Arlington, Texas Jeffrey A. Williams, 20, Warrenville, Illinois Sean M. Langley, 20, Lexington, Kentucky Charles S. Cooper Jr., 19, Jamestown, New York Anthony J. Dixon,, 20, Lindenwold, New Jersey Matthew E. Schneider, 23, Gorham, New Hampshire Charles E. Odums II, 22, Sandusky, Ohio Matthew L. Deckard, 29, Elizabethtown, Kentucky Peter J. Hahn, 31, Metairie, Louisiana Roland L. Castro, 26, San Antonio, Texas Jason N. Lynch, 21, St. Croix, Virgin Islands Matthew C. Bohling, 22, Eagle River, Alaska Quoc Binh Tran, 26, Mission Viejo, California Darren A. DeBlanc, 20, Evansville, Indana Ryan E. Doltz, 26, Mine Hill, New Jersey Shannon L. Squires, 25, Virginia Beach, Virginia Ramon C. Ojeda, 22, Ramona, California Regilio E. Nelom, 45, Queens, New York David N. Wimberg, 24, Louisville, Kentucky Sean K. Cataudella, 28, Tucson, Arizona Christopher D. Mabry, 19, Chunky, Mississippi Robert N. Martens, 20, Queen Creek, Arizona Thomas J. Zapp, 20, Houston Ralph J. Harting III, 28, Union Lake, Michigan Michael E. Dooley, 23, Pulaski, Virginia Cliff K. Golla, 21, Charlotte, North Carolina Evan W. O’Neill, 19, Haverhill, Massachusetts Lawrence E. Morrison, 45, Yakima, Washington Ryan J. Montgomery, 22, Greensburg, Kentucky Thomas D. Caughman, 20, Lexington, South Carolina Gregory E. MacDonald, 29, Washington, D.C. Jude R. Jonaus, 27, Miami, Florida David G. Ries, 29, Clark, Washington Stephen W. Frank, 29, Haslett, Michigan Patrick Dorff, 32, Minnesota Angel D. Mercado-Velazquez, 24, (no town listed) Justin B. Onwordi, 28, Chandler, Arizona Mark H. Dooley, 27, Wallkill, New York Jeremy A. Brown, 26, Mabscott, West Virginia James W. Cawley, 41, Roy, Utah Vorn J. Mack, 19, Orangeburg, South Carolina Franklin R. Vilorio, 26, Miami, Florida Branden P. Ramey, 22, Boone, Illinois Clifford V. Gadsden, 25, Fort Walton Beach, Florida James P. Dorrity, 37, Goldsboro North Carolina Eugene H.E. Alex, 32, Bay City, Michigan Richard P. Orengo, 32, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico Michael Egan, 36, Philadelphia Michael P. Murphy, 29, Patchogue, New York Manuel A. Ceniceros, 23, Santa Ana, California Joseph B. Maglione, 22, Lansdale, Pennsylvania Christopher L. Everett, 23, Huntsville, Texas Don A. Clary, 21, Troy, Kansas Kenya A. Parker, 26, Fairfield, Alabama Trace W. Dossett, 37, Orlando, Florida Ralph N. Porras, 36, Merrill, Michigan Kim S. Orlando, 43, Tennessee William V. Fernandez, 37, Reading, Pennsylvania Danny P. Dietz, 25, Littleton, Colorado Doron Chan, 20, Highland, New York William J. Maher III, 35, Yardley, Pennsylvania Jeremy M. Campbell, 21, Middlebury, Pennsylvania Clinton L. Wisdom, 39, Atchison, Kansas Juan De Dios Garcia Arana, 27, Los Angeles, California Scott E. Dougherty, 20, Bradenton Florida Justin W. Dreese, 21, Northumberland, Pennsylvania Eric J. Orlowski, 26, Buffalo, New York William L. Evans, 22, Hallstead, Pennsylvania Scottie L. Bright, 36, Montgomery, Alabama Kemaphoom A. Chanawongse, 22, Waterford, Connecticut Toby W. Mallet, 26, Kaplan, Louisiana Kurtis D. K. Arcala, 22, Palmer, Alaska Jeffrey Lam, 22, Queens, New York Derrick J. Lutters, 24, Burlington, Colorado Robert J. Dowdy, 38, Cleveland Ryan E. Miller, 21, Gahanna, Ohio Osbaldo Orozco, 26, Delano, California Pierre A. Raymond, 28, Lawrence, Massachusetts Anthony M. Mazzarella, 22, Blue Springs, Missouri James A. Chance III, 25, Kokomo, Mississippi Michael Maltz, 42, St. Petersburg, Florida Robert D. Macrum, 22, Sugarland, Texas Bryan L. Freeman, 31, Lumberton, New Jersey John E. McGee, 36, Columbus, Georgia Jeremy L. Drexler, 23, Topeka, Kansas Shane P. Harris, 23, Las Vegas, New Mexico. Cody J. Orr, 21, Ruskin, Florida William A. Allers III, 28, Leitchfield, Kentucky Christopher W. Dickison, 26, Seattle. Washington William D. Chaney, 59, Schaumburg, Illinois Curtis Mancini, 43, Fort Lauderdale, Florida Shane C. Swanberg, 24, Kirkland, Washington Shane K. O’Donnell, 24, DeForest, Wisconsin Kelly C. Hinz, 30, Woodbury, Minnesota Christopher M. Duffy, 26, Brick, New Jersey Nicholas A. Madaras, 19, Wilton, Connecticut Billy J. Orton, 41, Humnoke, Arkansas Daniel A. Tsue, 27, Honolulu, Hawaii Deyson K. Cariaga, 20, Honolulu, Hawaii Robert William Channell Jr., 36, Tuscaloosa, Alabama Ian D. Manuel, 23, Florida David H. Ford IV, 20, Ironton, Ohio Nathaniel T. Hammond, 24, Tulsa, Oklahoma John C. Spahr, 42, Cherry Hill, New Jersey Jason L. Dunham, 22, Scio, New York Torry D. Harris, 21, Chicago, Illinois Mark S. O’Steen, 43, Ozark, Alabama Mark J. Procopio, 28, Stowe, Vermont Eric P. Woods, 26, Omaha, Nebraska John A. Chapman, 36, Waco Texas Pablo Manzano, 19, Heber, California Alan N. Gifford, 39, Tallahassee, Florida Robert P. Warns II, 23, Waukesha, Wisconsin Tommy S. Little, 47, Aliceville, Alabama Joe L. Dunigan Jr., 37, Belton, Texas Leroy Harris-Kelly, 20, Azusa, California Deshon E. Otey, 24, Hardin, Kentucky Joshua J. Munger, 22, Maysville, Missouri Hoby F. Bradfield Jr., 22, The Woodlands, Texas Nathan R. Chapman, 31, San Antonio, Texas Paul C. Mardis Jr., 25, Palmetto, Florida Matthew L. Deckard, 29, Elizabethtown, Kentucky Joshua D. Palmer, 24, Blandinsville, Illinois William J. Brooks, 30, Birmingham, Alabama Robert L. DuSang, 24, Mandeville, Louisiana John D. Hart, 20, Bedford, Massachusetts Kevin C. Ott, 27, Columbus, Ohio Benjamin A. Smith, 21, Hudson, Wisconsin Matthew G. Axelson, 29, Cupertino, California Jason K. Chappell, 22, Hemet, California Douglas Jose Marenco Reyes, 28, Chino, California Regilio E. Nelom, 45, Queens, New York Steven E. Auchman, 37, Waterloo, New York Stephen P. Saxton, 24, Temecula, California William Dave Dusenbery, 30, Fairview Heights, Illinois Nathaniel Hart Jr., 29, Valdosta, Georgia Brian J. Ouellette, 37, Needham, Massachusetts Tyler R. MacKenzie, 20, Evans, Colorado Joseph P. Goodrich, 32, Allegheny, Pennsylvania Jonathan M. Cheatham, 19, Camden, Arkansas Giovanny Maria, 19, Queens, New York City Lawrence E. Morrison, 45, Yakima, Washington Juan E. Segura, 26, Homestead, Florida Aaron N. Cepeda Sr., 22, San Antonio, Texas Seth J. Dvorin, 24, New Jersey David A. Hartman, 41, Akron, Michigan Bartt D. Owens, 31, Middletown, Ohio Gerald M. Bloomfield II, 38, Ypsilanti, Michigan Timothy J. Sutton, 22, Springfield, Missouri Steven Checo, 22, New York, New York Jude C. Mariano, 39, Vallejo, California Mark H. Dooley, 27, Wallkill, New York Nathan R. Wood, 19, Kirkland, Washington Lance T. Graham, 26, San Antonio, Texas Jason B. Dwelley, 31, Apopka, Florida Jonathan N. Hartman, 27, Jacksonville, Florida David Edward Owens Jr., 20, Winchester, Virginia Michael D. Martino, 32, Fairfax, Virginia Christopher D. Winchester, 23, Flomaton, Alabama Yihjyh L. Chen, 31, Saipan, Marianas Protectorate Atanacio Haro Marin, 27, Baldwin Park, California Michael Egan, 36, Philadelphia Nicholas D. Larson, 19, Wheaton, Illinois Michael V. Postal, 21, Glen Oaks, New York Richard S. Eaton Jr., 37, Guilford, Connecticut Stephen C. Hattamer, 43, Gwinn, Michigan Fernando Padilla-Ramirez, 26, Yuma, Ariz Dennis J. Ferderer Jr., 20, New Salem, North Dakota Clifton B. Mounce, 22, Pontotoc, Mississippi Marcus M. Cherry, 18, Imperial, California James E. Marshall, 19, Tulsa, Oklahoma William V. Fernandez, 37, Reading, Pennsylvania William C. James, 24, Huntington Beach, California Jeffery L. Wiener, 32, Louisville, Kentucky William C. Eckhart, 25, Rocksprings, Texas Sheldon R. Hawk Eagle, 21, Grand Forks, North Dakota Shawn D. Pahnke, 25, Shelbyville, Indiana Daniel J. Pratt, 48, Youngstown, Ohio Timothy J. Hines Jr., 21, Fairfield, Ohio Craig W. Cherry, 39, Winchester, Virginia John W. Marshall, 50, Los Angeles, California William L. Evans, 22, Hallstead, Pennsylvania Lonny D. Wells, 29, Vandergrift, Pennsylvania Robert L. Moscillo, 21, Salem, New Hampshire Marshall L. Edgerton, 27, Rocky Face, Georgia Nathan P. Hays, 21, Wilbur, Washington Gabriel T. Palacios, 22, Lynn, Massachusetts Jeffrey P. Toczylowski , 30, Upper Moreland, Pennsylvania Tricia L. Jameson, 34, Omaha, Nebraska Therrel S. Childers, 30, Harrison County, Mississippi Ryan A. Martin, 22, Mount Vernon, Ohio Pierre A. Raymond, 28, Lawrence, Massachusetts Steven W. Faulkenburg, 45, Huntingburg, Indiana Robbie G. Light, 21, Kingsport, Tennessee John J. Edmunds, 20, Cheyenne, Wyoming Timothy L. Hayslett, 26, Newville, Pennsylvania Eric T. Paliwoda, 28, Texas Darren D. Howe, 21, Beatrice, Nebraska Jared D. Hartley, 22, Newkirk, Oklahoma Andrew F. Chris, 25, San Diego Francisco A. Martinez Flores, 21, Los Angeles, California William A. Allers III, 28, Leitchfield, Kentucky Abraham Simpson, 19, Chino, California Benjamin T. Zieske, 20, Concord, Calif. Shawn C. Edwards, 20, Bensenville, Illinois Brian D. Hazelgrove, 29, Fort Rucker, Alabama Joshua M. Palmer, 25, Banning, California Kyle B. Wehrly, 28, Galesburg, Illinois Travis S. Cooper, 24, Macon, Mississippi Thomas W. Christensen, 42, Atlantic Mine, Michigan Francisco Martinez, 28, Humacao, Puerto Rico Daniel A. Tsue, 27, Honolulu, Hawaii David M. Caruso, 25, Naperville, Illinois Christopher M. Eckhardt, 19, Phoenix, Arizona Daniel W. Eggers, 28, Cape Coral, Florida David M. Heath, 30, LaPorte, Indiana Dale A. Panchot, 26, Northome, Minnesota Darrell W. Boatman, 38, Fayetteville, North Carolina Ronald T. Wood, 28, Cedar City, Utah Brett T. Christian, 27, North Royalton, Ohio Jesse J. Martinez, 20, Tracy, California Mark J. Procopio, 28, Stowe, Vermont Travis A. Babbitt, 24, Uvalde, Texas Joseph E. Proctor, 38, Indianapolis Jody L. Egnor, 32, Middletown, Ohio Justin W. Hebert, 20, Arlington, Washington James David Parker, 20, Bryan, Texas Timothy D. Brown, 23, Cedar Springs, Michigan Jorge L. Pena-Romero, 29, Fallbrook, California Arron R. Clark, 20, Chico, California Jacob D. Martir, 21, Norwich, Connecticut Joshua J. Munger, 22, Maysville, Missouri John B. Trotter, 25, Marble Falls, Texas Brian S. Letendre, 27, Woodbridge, Virginia Aaron C. Elandt, 23, Lowell, Michigan Damian L. Heidelberg, 21, Batesville, Mississippi Daniel R. Parker, 18, Lake Elsinore, California James M. Gurbisz, 25, Eatontown, New Jersey Ronnie D. Williams, 26, Erlanger, Kentucky Michael J. Clark, 29, Leesburg Lake, Florida Arthur S. Mastrapa, 35, Apopka, Florida Benjamin A. Smith, 21, Hudson, Wisconsin Todd R. Cornell, 38, West Bend, Wisconsin Elisha R. Parker, 21, Taberg, New York William R. Emanuel IV, 19, Stockton, California Raheen Tyson Heighter, 22, Bay Shore, New York Kristian E. Parker, 23, Slidell, Louisiana Dustin A. Yancey, 22, Goose Creek, South Carolina Frank Tiai, 45, Pago Pago, American Samoa Herbert R. Claunch, 58, Wetumpka, Alabama Clint Richard Matthews, 31, Bedford, Pennsylvania Tyler R. MacKenzie, 20, Evans, Colorado Russell L. Slay, 28, Humble, Texas Gavin B. Reinke, 32, Pueblo, Colorado Mark E. Engel, 21, Grand Junction, California Jeremy M. Heines, 25, New Orleans Tommy L. Parker Jr., 21, Cleburne, Arkansas Jason A. Fegler, 24, Virginia Beach, Virginia Efrain Sanchez Jr., 26, Port Chester, New York Shawn M. Clemens, 28, Allegany, New York Matthew E. Matula, 20, Spicewood, Texas Gerald M. Bloomfield II, 38, Ypsilanti, Michigan Horst G. Moore, 38, San Antonio, Texas Bryan L. Quinton, 24, Sand Springs, Oklahoma Peter G. Enos, 24, South Dartmouth, Massachusetts Brian R. Hellermann, 35, Freeport, Minnesota Vincent Parker, 38, Preston, Michigan Thomas A. Wren, 44, Lorton, Virginia Arthur R. McGill, 25, Gravette, Arkansas Donald J. Cline Jr., 21, Washoe, Nevada Jamie O. Maugans, 27, Derby, Kansas Michael D. Martino, 32, Fairfax, Virginia Romulo J. Jimenez II, 21, Miami, Florida Stephen R. Bixler, 20, Suffield, Connecticut Pedro I. Espaillat Jr., 20, Columbia, Tennessee Terry W. Hemingway, 39, Willingboro, New Jersey Harvey E. Parkerson III, 27, Yuba City, Cali Joel E. Cahill, 34, Norwood, Massachusetts Lavena L. Johnson, 19, Florissant, Missouri Christopher R. Cobb, 19, Bradenton, Florida Donald C. May Jr., 31, Richmond, Virginia Dennis J. Ferderer Jr., 20, New Salem, North Dakota Dennis J. Miller Jr., 21, La Salle, Michigan Carlos N. Saenz, 46, Las Vegas, Nevada Analaura Esparza Gutierrez, 21, Houston, Texas Matthew C. Henderson, 25, Lincoln, Nebraska David B. Parson, 30, Kannapolis, North Carolina James F. Hayes, 48, Barstow, California Jefferey J. Farrow, 28, Birmingham, Alabama Kyle W. Codner, 19, Wood River, Nebraska Joseph P. Mayek, 20, Rock Springs, Wyoming Daniel J. Pratt, 48, Youngstown, Ohio Justin D. Reppuhn, 20, Hemlock, Michigan Teodoro Torres, 29, Las Vegas, Nevada Michael J. Esposito Jr., 22, Brentwood, New York Robert L. Henderson II, 33, Alvaton, Kentucky Esau G. Patterson Jr., 25, Ridgeland, South Carolina Ryan J. Sorensen, 26, Boca Raton, Florida Steven P. Gill, 24, Round Rock, Texas Christopher D. Coffin, 51, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Patrick R. McCaffrey Sr., 34, Tracy, California Jeffrey P. Toczylowski , 30, Upper Moreland, Pennsylvania Gene Ramirez, 28, San Antonio, Texas Nathan J. Vacho, 29, Janesville, Wis Adam W. Estep, 23, Campbell, California Kenneth W. Hendrickson, 41, Bismarck, North Dakota Ronald R. Payne Jr., 23, Lakeland, Florida Justin S. Smith, 28, Lansing, Michigan Travis L. Youngblood, 26, Surrency, Georgia Walter F. Cohee III, 26, Wicomico, Maryland Daniel B. McClenney, 19, Shelbyville, Tennessee Darren D. Howe, 21, Beatrice, Nebraska Aaron C. Pickering, 20, Marion, Illinois Joseph J. Fenty, 41, Florida Ruben Estrella-Soto, 18, El Paso, Texas Clayton W. Henson, 20, Stanton, Texas William L. Payne, 46, Otsego, Michigan Brian L. Freeman, 27, Lucedale, Mississippi Jason T. Palmerton, 25, Auburn, Nebraska Bradli N. Coleman, 19, Ford City, Pennsylvania Daniel G. McCollum, 29, Irmo, South Carolina Kyle B. Wehrly, 28, Galesburg, Illinois Erick J. Hodges, 21, Bay Point, California Eric W. Totten, 34, Texas David Evans Jr., 18, Buffalo, New York Armando Hernandez, 22, Hesperia, California Michael F. Pedersen, 26, Flint, Michigan Robert C. Pope II, 22, East Islip, New York Bryan J. Opskar, 32, Princeton, Minnesota Gary B. Coleman, 24, Pikeville, Kentucky Erik. S. McCrae, 25, Portland, Oregon Darrell W. Boatman, 38, Fayetteville, North Carolina Dan T. Malcom Jr., 25, Brinson, Georgia Christopher B. Donaldson, 28, Illinois Mark A. Evnin, 21, Burlington, Vermont Joseph F. Herndon II, 21, Derby, Kansas Abraham D. Penamedina, 32, Los Angeles, California Mario A. Reyes, 19, Las Cruces, New Mexico Jason W. Montefering, 27, Parkston, South Dakota Benjamin J. Colgan, 30, Kent, Washington Brad P. McCormick, 23, Overton, Tennessee Timothy D. Brown, 23, Cedar Springs, Michigan Michael C. Ottolini, 45, Sebastopol, California Christopher T. Howick, 34, Hamburg, New York Jeremy Ricardo Ewing, 22, Miami, Florida Edward J. Herrgott, 20, Shakopee, Minnesota Brian H. Penisten, 28, Fort Wayne, Indiana Jeremy P. Tamburello, 19, Denver, Colorado Ernest W. Dallas, Texas Jr., 21, Denton, Texas Gary L. Collins, 32, Hardin, Texas Donald R. McCune, 20, Ypsilanti, Michigan James M. Gurbisz, 25, Eatontown, New Jersey Julian Woods, 22, Jacksonville, Florida Bryan A. Brewster, 24, Fontana, Calif. Justin L. Eyerly, 23, Salem, Oregon Jacob R. Herring, 21, Kirkland, Washington Ross A. Pennanen, 36, Shawnee, Oklahoma Alwyn C. Cashe, 35, Oviedo, Florida Milton M. Monzon Jr., 21, Los Angeles, California Jonathan W. Collins, 19, Crystal Lake, Illinois William L. McDaniel II, 29, Greeneville, Ohio Dustin A. Yancey, 22, Goose Creek, South Carolina Wesley J. Canning, 21, Friendswood, Texas John C. Griffith, 33, Las Vegas, Nevada Jonathan I. Falaniko, 20, Pago Pago, American Samoa Julie R. Hickey, 20, Galloway, Ohio Gregory V. Pennington, 36, Glade Spring, Virginia Daniel F. Swaim, 19, Yadkinville, North Carolina Ramon A. Villatoro Jr., 19, Bakersfield, California Lawrence S. Colton, 32, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Dustin K. McGaugh, 20, Derby, Kansas Jason A. Fegler, 24, Virginia Beach, Virginia Peter J. Giannopoulos, 22, Inverness, Illinois Jeffery S. Wiekamp, 23, Utopia, Texas Raymond J. Faulstich Jr., 24, Leonardtown, Maryland Gregory B. Hicks, 35, Duff, Tennessee Hector R. Perez, 40, Corpus Christi, Texas Michael C. Parrott, 49, Timnath, Colorado Christopher J. Taylor, 22, Opelika, Alabama Zeferino E. Colunga, 20, Bellville, Texas Holly J. McGeogh, 19, Taylor, Michigan Thomas A. Wren, 44, Lorton, Virginia Thomas K. Doerflinger, 20, Silver Spring, Maryland Justin L. O’Donohoe, 27, San Diego Curtis D. Feistner, 34, White Bear Lake, Minnesota Jason Hicks, 25, Jefferson, South Carolina Joel Perez, 25, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico Joshua A. Terando, 27, Morris, Illinois John F. Thomas, 33, Valdosta, Georgia Robert E. Colvill, Jr., 31, Anderson, Indiana Brian McGinnis, 23, St. Georges, Delaware Joel E. Cahill, 34, Norwood, Massachusetts Sean P. Huey, 28, Fredericktown, Pennsylvania David N. Timmons Jr., 23, Lewisville, North Carolina Arthur L. Felder, 36, Louisville, Arkansas Christopher K. Hill, 26, Ventura, California Geoffrey Perez, 24, Los Angeles, California Tyrone L. Chisholm, 27, Savannah, Georgia James O. Kinlow, 35, Thomson, Georgia Matthew A. Commons, 21, Boulder City, North Virginia Michael A. McGlothin, 21, Milwaukee, Wisconsin James F. Hayes, 48, Barstow, California Theodore A. Bowling, 25, Casselberry, Florida Brian M. Moquin Jr., 19, Worcester, Massachusetts Rian C. Ferguson, 22, Taylors, South Carolina Stephen D. Hiller, 25, Opelika, Alabama Luis A. Perez, 19, Theresa, New York Donald E. Fisher II, 21, Avon, Massachusetts Carl R. Fuller, 44, Covington, Georgia Kenneth Conde Jr., 23, Orlando, Florida Scott R. McHugh, 33, Boca Raton Florida Ryan J. Sorensen, 26, Boca Raton, Florida Theodore S. Holder II, 27, Littleton, Colorado Alva L. Gaylord, 25, Carrollton, Missouri Richard L. Ferguson, 45, Conway, New Hampshire Keicia M. Hines, 27, Citrus Heights, California Wilfredo Perez Jr., 24, Norwalk, Connecticut Antonio Mendez-Sanchez, 22, Rincon, Puerto Rico Jacques E. Brunson, 30, Americus, Georgia Timothy M. Conneway, 22, Enterprise, Alabama Joshua McIntosh, 22, Kingman, Arizona Justin S. Smith, 28, Lansing, Michigan Kyle W. Burns, 20, Laramie, Wyoming Dale J. Kelly Jr., 48, Richmond, Maine George A. Fernandez, 36, El Paso, Texas Melissa J. Hobart, 22, Ladson, South Carolina Michael J. Pernaselli, 27, Monroe, New York David A. Mendez Ruiz, 20, Cleveland, Ohio Adam J. Harting, 21, Portage, Indiana Steven D. Conover, 21, Wilmington, Ohio David M. McKeever, 25, Buffalo, New York Brian L. Freeman, 27, Lucedale, Mississippi James P. Blecksmith, 24, San Marino, California David M. Veverka, 25, Jamestown, Pennsylvania Clint D. Ferrin, 31, Picayune, Mississippi Nicolas M. Hodson, 22, Smithville, Missouri Theodore L. Perreault, 33, Webster, Massachusetts Scott A. Zubowski, 20, Manchester, Indiana Michael W. Schafer, 25, Spring Hill, Florida Aaron J. Contreras, 31, Sherwood, Oregon Eric S. McKinley, 24, Corvallis, Oregon Robert C. Pope II, 22, East Islip, New York Morgan W. Strader, 23, Croosville, Indiana Cory L. Palmer, 21, Seaford, Delaware Jon P. Fettig, 30, Dickinson,North Dakota James T. Hoffman, 41, Whitesburg, Kentucky David S. Perry, 36, Bakersfield, California Stephen J. Sutherland, 33, West Deptford, N.Jersey Adrian J. Butler, 28, East Lansing, Michigan Pedro Contreras, 27, Harris, Texas Robert L. McKinley, 23, Kokomo, Indiana Mario A. Reyes, 19, Las Cruces, New Mexico Jarrod L. Maher, 21, Imogene, Iowa Matthew J. Fenton, 24, Little Ferry, New Jersey Tyler R. Fey, 22, Eden Prarie, Minnesota Christopher J. Holland, 26, Brunswick, Georgia Charles C. Persing, 20, Albany, Louisiana John M. Longoria, 21, Nixon, Texas Benyahmin B. Yahudah, 24, Bogart, Georgia Robert M. Cook, 24, Sun Prairie Wisconsin Don S. McMahan, 31, Nashville, Tennessee Jeremy P. Tamburello, 19, Denver, Colorado Brian P. Prening, 24, Sheboygan, Wisconsin Leon B. Deraps, 19, Jamestown, Missouri Jeremy J. Fischer, 26, Lincoln, Nebraska Lincoln D. Hollinsaid, 27, Malden, Illinois Dustin W. Peters, 25, El Dorado, Kansas Ramon J. Mendoza Jr., 37, Columbus, Ohio Benjamin D. Jansky, 28, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Jason Cook, 25, Okanogan, Washington Heath A. McMillin, 29, Canandaigua, New York Alwyn C. Cashe, 35, Oviedo, Florida Nathan R. Anderson, 22, Howard, Ohio Emmanuel L. Legaspi, 38, Las Vegas Paul F. Fisher, 39, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Aaron N. Holleyman, 26, Glasgow, Montana Alyssa R. Peterson, 27, Flagstaff, Arizona Christopher M. McCrackin, 20, Liverpool, Texas John O. Tollefson, 22, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin Eric F. Cooke, 43, Scottsdale, Arizona Spence A. McNeil, 19, Bennettsville, Texas Daniel F. Swaim, 19, Yadkinville, North Carolina Raymond L. White, 22, Elwood, Indiana Gregory A. Wagner, 35, Mitchell, South Dakota Dustin R. Fitzgerald, 22, Huber Heights, Ohio James J. Holmes, 28, East Grand Forks, Minnesota Brett J. Petriken, 30, Flint, Michigan Joseph D. deMoors, 36, Jefferson, Alabama Edward L. Myers, 21, St. Joseph, Missouri Sean M. Corlew, 37, Thousand Oaks, California Brian M. McPhillips, 25, Pembroke, Massachusetts Michael C. Parrott, 49, Timnath, Colorado Jonathan B. Shields, 25, Atlanta Aaron P. Latimer, 26, Ennis, Texas Jacob S. Fletcher, 28, Bay Shore, New York Jeremiah J. Holmes, 27, North Berwick, Maine Erickson H. Petty, 28, Fort Gibson, Oklahoma Jaime L. Campbell, 25, Ephrata, Washington Christopher P. Lyons, 24, Shelby, Ohio Dennis A. Corral, 33, Kearney, Nebraska Irving Medina, 22, Middletown, New York Joshua A. Terando, 27, Morris, Illinois Edward D. Iwan, 28, Albion, Nebraska Alessandro Carbonaro, 28, Bethesda, Maryland Thomas A. Foley III, 23, Dresden, Tennessee Terry Holmes, 22, Hollywood, Florida Jerrick M. Petty, 25, Idaho Falls, Idaho Michael R. Martinez, 43, Missouri Andre L. Williams, 23, Galloway, Ohio Alexander S. Coulter, 35, Tennessee Kenneth A. Melton, 30, Westplains, Missouri Tyrone L. Chisholm, 27, Savannah, Georgia Brian A. Medina, 20, Woodbridge, Virginia Jason K. Burnett, 20, St. Cloud, Florida Elia P. Fontecchio, 30, Milford, Massachusetts Antoine J. Holt, 20, Kennesaw, Georgia Chance R. Phelps, 19, Clifton, Colorado Douglas A. La Bouff, 36, California Ernesto R. Guerra, 20, Long Beach, California Leonard M. Cowherd, 22, Culpeper, Va Fernando A. Mendezaceves, 27, Ponce, Puerto Rico Donald E. Fisher II, 21, Avon, Massachusetts David M. Branning, 21, Cockesville, Maryland David J. Grames Sanchez, 22, Fort Wayne, Indiana Jason C. Ford, 21, Bowie, Maryland Sean Horn, 19, Orange, California Gladimir Philippe, 37, Linden, New Jersey Stuart M. Anderson, 44, Peosta, Iowa Victor A. Anderson, 39, Ellaville, Georgia Ryan R. Cox, 19, Derby, Kansas Joseph Menusa, 33, San Jose, California Antonio Mendez-Sanchez, 22, Rincon, Puerto Rico Nicholas H. Anderson, 19, Las Vegas Michael L. Licalzi, 24, Garden City, New York Travis A. Ford, 30, Ogallala, Nebraska Kelly L. Hornbeck, 36, Fort Worth, Texas Ivory L. Phipps, 44, Chicago, Illinois Raul Mercado, 21, Monrovia, California Ronnie L. Shelley Sr., 34, Valdosta, Georgia Brian T. Craig, 27, Houston Eddie E. Menyweather, 35, Los Angeles, California David A. Mendez Ruiz, 20, Cleveland, Ohio James C. Matteson, 23, Celoron, New York Steve Vahaviolos, 21, Airmont, New York Lawrence S. Colton, 32, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Jeremy R. Horton, 24, Carneys Point, Pennsylvania Pierre E. Piche, 29, Starksboro, Vermont Brett L. Lundstrom, 22, Stafford, Virginia David R. Jones Sr., 45, Augusta, Georgia Timothy R. Creager, 21, Millington, Tennessee Gil Mercado, 25, Paterson, New Jersey Scott A. Zubowski, 20, Manchester, Indiana Catalin D. Dima, 36, White Lake, New York Eric D. Clark, 22, Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin Elia P. Fontecchio, 30, Milford, Massachusetts Andrew R. Houghton, 25, Houston Lori Ann Piestewa, 23, Tuba City, Arizona Jason T. Little, 20, Climax, Michigan Robert A. Swaney, 21, West Jefferson, Ohio Michael T. Crockett, 27, Soperton, Georgia Michael M. Merila, 23, Sierra Vista, Arizona Stephen J. Sutherland, 33, West Deptford, N.Jersey Cole W. Larsen, 19, Canyon Country, California Stephen P. Snowberger III, 18, Lopez, Pennsylvania Jeremy D. Foshee, 25, Pisgah, Alabama Bert. E. Hoyer, 23, Ellsworth, Wisconsin James H. Pirtle, 27, La Mesa, New Mexico Jeriad P. Jacobs, Clayton, North Carolina Jason D. Scheuerman, 20, Lynchburg, Virginia Ricky L. Crockett, 37, Broxton, Georgia Daniel K. Methvin, 22, Belton, Texas John M. Longoria, 21, Nixon, Texas Jose A. Velez, 23, Lubbock, Texas Armer N. Burkart, 26, Rockville, Maryland Bradley C. Fox, 34, Orlando, Florida John R. Howard, 26, Covington, Virginia Dean P. Pratt, 22, Stevensville, Montana Kyle W. Brown, 22, Newport News, Virginia Jonathon C. Haggin, 26, Kingsland, Georgia Brud J. Cronkrite, 22, Spring Valley, California Jason M. Meyer, 23, Swartz Creek, Michigan Ramon J. Mendoza Jr., 37, Columbus, Ohio Sean P. Sims, 32, El Paso, Texas Brandon L. Teeters, 21, Lafayette, Louisiana David M. Fraise, 24, New Orleans Corey A. Hubbell, 20, Urbana, Illinois Jason Plite, 21, Lansing, Michigan . Radhames Camilomatos, 24, Carolina, Puerto Rico James D. Carroll, 23, McKenzie, Tennessee Bradley S. Crose, 22, Orange Park, Florida Eliu A. Miersandoval, 27, San Clemente, California Christopher M. McCrackin, 20, Liverpool, Texas Victor R. Lu, 22, Los Angeles, California Adam C. Conboy, 21, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Gregory M. Frampton, 37, Fresno, California Tavon L. Hubbard, 24, Reston, Virginia Steven Plumhoff, 33, Neshanic Station, New Jersey Clinton R. Upchurch, 31, Garden City, Kansas Jeffrey A. Boskovitch, 25, Seven Hills, Ohio Kyle D. Crowley, 18, San Ramon, California Michael G. Mihalakis, 18, San Jose, California Joseph D. deMoors, 36, Jefferson, Alabama Benjamin S. Bryan, 23, Lumberton, North Carolina Richard Z. James, 20, Seaford, Delaware Craig S. Frank, 24, Lincoln Park, Michigan Christopher E. Hudson, 21, Carmel, Indiana Frederick E. Pokorney Jr., 31, Tonopah, Nev Nathan R. Field, 23, Lehigh, Iowa Roger D. Castleberry Jr., 26, Austin, Texas Rey D. Cuervo, 24, Laguna Vista, Texas Matthew G. Milczark, 18, Kettle River, Minnesota Jaime L. Campbell, 25, Ephrata, Washington Justin D. McLeese, 19, Covington, Louisiana Ronald W. Gebur, 23, Delavan, Illinois Phillip E. Frank, 20, Elk Grove, Illinois Doyle M. Hufstedler, 25, Abilene, Texas Andrew R. Pokorny, 30, Naperville, Illinois Michael J. McMullen, 25, Salisbury, Maryland David J. Coullard, 32, Glastonbury, Connecticut Kevin A. Cuming, 22, North White Plains, New York Jason David Mileo, 20 Centreville, Maryland Michael R. Martinez, 43, Missouri Kevin J. Dempsey, 23, Monroe, Connecticut Matthew W. Worrel, 34, Lewisville, Texas Bobby C. Franklin, 38,Mineral Bluff, Georgia Jamie L. Huggins, 26, Hume, Missouri Justin W. Pollard, 21, Foothill Ranch, California Michael Anthony Jordan, 35, Augusta, Georgia Daniel N. Deyarmin Jr., 22, Tallmadge, Ohio Daniel Francis J. Cunningham, 33, Lewiston, Maine Anthony S. Miller, 19, San Antonio, Texas Douglas A. La Bouff, 36, California Justin M. Ellsworth, 20, Mount Pleasant, Michigan Jamie D. Weeks, 47 of Daleville, Alabama Robert L. Frantz, 19, San Antonio, Texas Eric R. Hull, 23, Uniontown, Pennsylvania Larry E. Polley, Jr., 20, Center, Texas Mitchell K. Carver Jr., 31, Charlotte, North Carolina Brian P. Montgomery, 26, Willoughby, Ohio Jason D. Cunningham, 26, Camarillo, California Bruce Miller Jr., 23, Orange, New Jersey Stuart M. Anderson, 44, Peosta, Iowa Byron W. Norwood, 25, Pflugerville, Texas John W. Engeman, 45, East North Port, New York Jacob Frazier, 24, St. Charles, Illinois Barton R. Humlhanz, 23, Hellertown, Pennsylvania Darrin K. Potter, 24, Louisville, Kentucky Kyle E. Jackson, 28, Sarasota, Florida Nathaniel S. Rock, 26, Toronto, Ohio Carl F. Curran, 22, Union City, Pennsylvania Frederick L. Miller Jr., 27, Hagerstown, Indiana Raul Mercado, 21, Monrovia, California Nicholas L. Ziolkowski, 22, Towson, Maryland Robert H. West, 37, Elyria, Ohio Benjamin L. Freeman, 19, Valdosta, Georgia Justin T. Hunt, 22, Riverside, California David L. Potter, 22, Johnson City, Tennessee Jonathan K. Price, Woodlawn, Illinois James R. Graham III, 25, Coweta, Oklahoma Michael Edward Curtin, 23, South Plains, New Jersey Marvin L. Miller, 38, Dunn, North Carolina Brett L. Lundstrom, 22, Stafford, Virginia Andres H. Perez, 21, Santa Cruz, California Jose S. MarinDominguez Jr., 22, Liberal, Kansas David K. Fribley, 26, Warsaw, Indiana Simeon Hunte, 23, Essex, New Jersey James E. Powell, 26, Radcliff, Kentucky Justin J. Watts, 20, Crownsville, Maryland James D. McNaughton, 27, Middle Village, New York Christopher E. Cutchall, 30, McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania Joseph Minucci II, 23, Richeyville, Pennsylvania Jason T. Little, 20, Climax, Michigan Dale A. Burger Jr., 21, Port Deposit, Maryland Hatak Yuka Keyu M. Yearby, 21, Overbrook, Oklahoma David T. Friedrich, 26, Hammond, New York Joshua C. Hurley, 24, Clifton Forge, Virginia Caleb J. Powers, 21, Manfield, Washington Kasper A. Dudkiewicz, 22, Mangilao, Guam Thomas C. Hull, 41, Princeton, Illinois Brian K. Cutter, 19, Riverside, California Troy L. Miranda, 44, DeQueen, Arkansas Jeriad P. Jacobs, Clayton, North Carolina Lance M. Thompson, 21, Upland, Indiana Marion Flint Jr., 29, Baltimore, Maryland Luke P. Frist, 20, West Lafayette, Indiana James B. Huston Jr., 22, Umatilla, Oregon Dean P. Pratt, 22, Stevensville, Montana Dustin L. Kendall, 21, Conway, Missouri Adam J. Strain, 20, Smartsville, California Anthony D. D’Agostino, 20, Waterbury, Connecticut George A. Mitchell, 35, Rawlings, Maryland Kyle W. Brown, 22, Newport News, Virginia William L. Miller, 22, Pearland, Texas Grant A. Dampier, 25, Merrill, Wisconsin Kerry W. Frith, 37, Jamesville, Nevada Seth Huston, 19, Perryton, Texas Kelley S. Prewitt, 24, Birmingham, Alabama Ruel M. Garcia, 34, Wahiawa, Hawaii Christopher J. Dyer , 19, Cincinnati, Ohio Nathan S. Dalley, 27, Kaysville, Utah Keman L. Mitchell, 24, Hilliard, Florida Radhames Camilomatos, 24, Carolina, Puerto Rico Shane E. Kielion, 23, La Vista, Nebraska Shane R. Mahaffee, 36, Alexandria, Virginia Adam D. Froehlich, 21, Pine Hill, New Jersey Nolen R. Hutchings, 19, Boiling Springs, South Carolina Bruce E. Price, 37, Maryland Rex C. Kenyon, 34, El Segundo, California Jerry L. Ganey Jr., 29, Folkston, Georgia Andrew S. Dang, 20, Foster City, California Michael W. Mitchell, 25, Porterville, California Clinton R. Upchurch, 31, Garden City, Kansas James E. Swain, 20, Kokomo, Indiana Santiago M. Halsel, 32, Bowling Green, Ky. Kurt R. Frosheiser, 22, Des Moines, Iowa Ray J. Hutchinson, 20, League City, Texas Jason Profitt, 23, Charlestown, Maryland Adam R. Shepherd, 21, Somerville, Ohio Mathew V. Gibbs, 21, Ambrose, Georgia Danny B. Daniels II, 23, Varney, W.V. Sean R. Mitchell, 24, Youngsville, Pennsylvania Nathan R. Field, 23, Lehigh, Iowa Marc T. Ryan, 25, Gloucester, New Jersey Lee Hamilton Deal, 23, West Monroe, Louisiana Nichole M. Frye, 19, Lena, Wisconsin Gregory P. Huxley Jr., 19, Forestport, New York Brian C. Prosser, 28, Frazier Park California Carlos Arrelano-Pandura, 22, Los Angeles, California Charles H. Warren, 36, Duluth, Georgia Norman Darling, 29, Middleboro, Massachusetts Jesse D. Mizener, 24, Auburn, California Michael J. McMullen, 25, Salisbury, Maryland Rafael Peralta, 25, San Diego Daniel E. Holland, 43, San Antonio, Texas Chad C. Fuller, 24, Potsdam New York Leslie D. Jackson, 18, Richmond, Virginia Brandon Michael Read, 21, Greeneville, Tennessee Matthew C. Frantz, 23, Lafayette, Indiana William Brett Wightman, 22, Sabina, Ohio Eric B. Das, 30, Amarillo, Texas Timothy W. Moehling, 35, Florida Michael Anthony Jordan, 35, Augusta, Georgia Travis R. Desiato, 19, Bedford, Massachusetts Robert A. Seidel III, 23, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Kane M. Funke, 20, Vancouver, Washington Mark Jackson, 40, Glennie, Michigan Jaror C. Puello-Coronado, 36, Pocono Summit, Clifton J. Yazzie, 23, Fruitland, New Mexico Kevin G. Waruinge, 22, Tampa, Florida Shawn M. Davies, 22, Aliquippa, Pennsylvania Robert J. Mogensen, 26, Leesville, Louisiana Mitchell K. Carver Jr., 31, Charlotte, North Carolina Jeramy A. Ailes, 22, Gilroy, California Lonnie C. Allen Jr., 26, Bellevue, Nebraska Dan H. Gabrielson, 39, Spooner, Wisconsin Marlon P. Jackson, 25, Jersey City, New Jersey Pennsylvania Dennis J. Flanagan, 22, Inverness, Florida Edward A. Schroeder II, 23, Columbus, Ohio Bryant L. Davis, 20, Chicago, Illinois Jorge A. MolinaBautista, 37, Rialto, California Kyle E. Jackson, 28, Sarasota, Florida Antoine D. Smith, 22, Orlando, Florida Nicholas R. Cournoyer, 25, Gilmanton, New Hampshire Justin J. Galewski, 28, Olathe, Kansas Michael J. Jakes Jr. , 20, Brooklyn New York Michael B. Quinn, 37, Tampa, Florida Ryan S. McCurdy, 20, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Aaron H. Reed, 21, Chillicothe, Ohio Brandon L. Davis, 20, Cumberland, Maryland Adam G. Mooney, 28, Cambridge, Maryland Jonathan K. Price, Woodlawn, Illinois Patrick Marc M. Rapicault, 34, St. Augustine, Florida William B. Fulks, 23, Culloden, W.Virginia Daniel Lee Galvan, 30, Moore, Oklahoma Dennis Jallah Jr., 49, Fayetteville, North Carolina Richard P. Ramey, 27, Canton, Ohio Albert P. Gettings, 27, New Castle, Pennsylvania Grant B. Fraser, 22, Anchorage, Alaska Craig Davis, 37, Opelousas, Louisiana Jason William Moore, 21, San Marcos, California Justin J. Watts, 20, Crownsville, Maryland Isaiah R. Hunt, 20, Green Bay, Wisconsin Christian Longsworth, 26, Newark, New Jersey Richard J. Gannon II, 31, Escondido, California Scott Jamar, 32, Granbury, Texas Christopher Ramirez, 34, McAllen, Texas Adam L. Cann, 23, Davie, Florida Michael J. Cifuentes, 25, Fairfield, Ohio Donald N. Davis, 42, Saginaw, Michigan Stuart W. Moore, 21, Livingston, Texas Kasper A. Dudkiewicz, 22, Mangilao, Guam Bradley L. Parker, 19, Marion, W.V. Benito A. Ramirez, 21, Edinburg, Texas Jose A. Garibay, 21, Costa Mesa, California Evan T. James, 20, La Harpe, Illinois Eric U. Ramirez, 31, San Diego, Calif Robbie M. Mariano, 21, Stockton, California David S. Stewart, 24, Bogalusa, Louisiana Jefferson D. Davis, 39, Watauga, Tennessee Travis A. Moothart, 23, Brownsville, Oregon Dustin L. Kendall, 21, Conway, Missouri Marshall H. Caddy, 27, Nags Head, North Carolina David R. Christoff, 25, Rossford, Ohio Joseph M. Garmback, Jr., 24, Cleveland, Ohio Luke S. James, 24, Hooker, Oklahoma William C. Ramirez, 19, Portland, Oregon Johnny J. Peralez Jr., 25, Kingsville, Texas David Kenneth J. Kreuter, 26, Cincinnati, Ohio Raphael S. Davis, 24, Tutwiler, Mississippi Jose L. Mora, 26, Bell Gardens, California Ruel M. Garcia, 34, Wahiawa, Hawaii Luke C. Wullenwaber, 24, Lewiston, Idaho William J. Leusink, 21, Maurice, Iowa Landis W. Garrison, 23, Rapids City, Illinois Joseph A. Jeffries, 21, Beaverton, Oregon Christopher Ramos, 26, Albuquerque, N.M Stephen J. White, 39, Talladega, Alabama Justin F. Hoffman, 27, Delaware, Ohio Wilbert Davis, 40, Tampa, Florida Melvin Y. Mora, 27, Columbia, Missouri Rex C. Kenyon, 34, El Segundo, California Daniel James McConnell, 27, Duluth, Minnesota Michael L. Hermanson, 21, Fargo, North Dakota Justin W. Garvey, 23, Townsend, Massachusetts William A. Jeffries, 39, Evansville, Illinois Tamarra J. Ramos, 24, Quakertown, Pennsylvania Christopher P. Petty, 33, Vienna, Virginia Bradley J. Harper, 25, Dresden, Ohio Jeffrey F. Dayton, 27, Caledonia, Mississippi Michelangelo A. Mora, 19, Arroyo Grande, California Adam R. Shepherd, 21, Somerville, Ohio Jose Ricardo Flores-Mejia, 21, Santa Clarita, California Steven W. Freund, 20, Pittsburgh. Pennsylvania Joseph P. Garyantes, 34, Rehoboth, Delaware Robert B. Jenkins, 35, Stuart, Florida Brandon Ramsey, 21, Calumet City, Illinois William F. Hecker III, 37, St. Louis, Missouri Nicholas William B. Bloem, 20, Belgrade, Montona Jason L. Deibler, 20, Coeburn, Virginia Orlando Morales, 33, Manati, Puerto Rico Carlos Arrelano-Pandura, 22, Los Angeles, California Louis W. Qualls, 20, Temple, Texas Robert G. Posivio III, 22, Sherburn, Minnesota Israel Garza, 25, Lubbock, Texas Troy David Jenkins , 25, Ridgecrest, California Edmond L. Randle, 26, Miami, Florida, Florida Ryan D. Walker, 25, Stayton, Oregon Eric J. Bernholtz, 23, Grove City, Ohio Felix M. Delgreco, 22, Simsbury, Connecticut Kevin N. Morehead, 33, Little Rock, Arkansas Matthew C. Frantz, 23, Lafayette, Indiana Christopher T. Heflin, 26, Paducah, Kentucky Douglas A. Dicenzo, 30, Plymouth, New Hampshire Joe J. Garza, 43, Robstown, Texas Darius T. Jennings, 22, Cordova, South Carolina Cleston C. Raney, 20, Rupert, Idaho Jason Lopez-Reyes, 29, Hatillo, Puerto Rico Timothy M. Bell Jr., 22, West Chesterfield, Ohio Jerod R. Dennis, 19, Oklahoma Brent L. Morel, 27, Martin, Tennessee Clifton J. Yazzie, 23, Fruitland, New Mexico Michael W. Hanks, 22, Gregory, Michigan Robert E. Blair, 22, Ocala, Florida Christopher P. Geiger, 38, Allentown Pennsylvania Ryan M. Jerabek, 18, Oneida, Wisconsin Omead H. Razani, 19, Los Angeles, California Jacob E. Melson, 22, Wasilla, Alaska Chad J. Simon, 32, Madison, Wisconsin Darryl T. Dent, 21, Washington, D.C. David J. Moreno, 26, Gering, Nebraska Dennis J. Flanagan, 22, Inverness, Florida Luis A. Figueroa, 21, Los Angeles, California Caleb A. Lufkin, 24, Knoxville, Illinois Christopher D. Gelineau, 23 Portland, Maine Linda C. Jimenez, 39, Brooklyn, New York Gregory A Ratzlaff, 36, Olympia, Washington Michael I. Edwards, 26, Fairbanks, Alaska Theodore Clark Jr., 31, Emporia, Virginia Ervin Dervishi, 21, Fort Worth, Texas Gerardo Moreno, 23, Terrell, Texas Ryan S. McCurdy, 20, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Joseph M. Nolan, 27, Philadelphia Kevin A. Lucas, 20, Greensboro, North Carolina Scott N. Germosen, 37, New York City Oscar Jimenez, 34, San Diego Rel A. Ravago IV, 21, Glendale, California Chester W. Troxel, 45, Anchorage, Alaska Nils G. Thompson, 19, Confluence, Pennsylvania Daniel A. Desens, 20, Jacksonville, North Carolina Luis A. Moreno, 19, the Bronx, New York Albert P. Gettings, 27, New Castle, Pennsylvania Michael A. Downey, 21, Phoenix J. Adan Garcia, 20, Irving, Texas Cory Ryan Geurin, 18, Santee, California Benjamin Johnson, 21, Rochester, New York Ryan E. Reed, 20, Colorado Springs, Colorado Rickey Scott, 30, Columbus, Georgia Damian J. Garza, 19, Odessa, Texas Michael R. Deuel, 21, Nemo, South Dakota Dwight J. Morgan , 24, Mendocino California Adam L. Cann, 23, Davie, Florida Demarkus D. Brown, 22, Martinsville, Virginia Jeremy M. Loveless, 25, Estacada, Oregon Thomas J. Gibbons, 31, PrinceFrederick, Maryland Howard Johnson II, 21, Mobile, Alabama Tatjana Reed, 34, Fort Campbell, Kentucky Brian McElroy, 28, San Antonio, Texas John M. Henderson Jr., 21, Columbus, Georgia Michael J. Deutsch, 21, Dubuque, Iowa Dennis B. Morgan, 22, Valentine, Nebraska Robbie M. Mariano, 21, Stockton, California Bradley T. Arms, 20, Charlottesville, Virginia James A. Funkhouser, 35, Katy, Texas Christopher A. Gibson, 23, Simi Valley, California John P. Johnson, 24, Houston, Texas Christopher J. Reed, 20, Craigmont, Idaho Jason L. Norton, 32, Miami, Florida, Oklahoma Terry W. Ball Jr., 36, East Peoria, Illinois Christopher M. Dickerson, 33, Eastman, Georgia Geoffery S. Morris, 19, Gurnee, Illinois Johnny J. Peralez Jr., 25, Kingsville, Texas Phillip G. West, 19, American Canyon, California Richard A. Bennett, 25, Girard, Kansas Jonathan L. Gifford, 30, Decatur, Illinois Justin W. Johnson , 22, Rome, Georgia Edward T. Reeder, 32, Camp Verde, Arizona Peter D. Wagler, Partridge, Kansas Brett E. Walden, 40, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Nicholas J. Dieruf, 21, Versailles, Kentucky Rick A. Morris Jr., 20, Lubbock, Texas Stephen J. White, 39, Talladega, Alabama Dimitrios Gavriel, 29, New York City Nathanael J. Doring, 31, Apple Valley, Minnesota Kyle C. Gilbert, 20, Brattleboro, Vermont Markus J. Johnson, 20, Springfield, Massachusetts Aaron T. Reese, 31, Reynoldsburg, Ohio Lance M. Chase, 32, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Robert V. Derenda, 42, Ledbetter, Kentucky Jeremiah J. DiGiovanni, 21, Tylertown, Mississippi Nicholas B. Morrison, 23, Carlisle, Pennsylvania Christopher P. Petty, 33, Vienna, Virginia Jack Bryant Jr., 23, Dale City, Virginia Bobby R. West, 23, Beebe, Arkansas Benjamin L. Gilman, 28, Meriden Connecticut Maurice J. Johnson, 21, Levittown, Pennsylvania Randall S. Rehn, 36, Longmont, Colorado Matthew D. Hunter, 31, Valley Grove, West Virginia Chase J. Comley, 21, Lexington, Kentucky James R. Dillon Jr., 19 Grove City Pennsylvania Keelan L. Moss, 23, Houston William F. Hecker III, 37, St. Louis, Missouri Joseph T. Welke, 20, Rapid City, South Dakota Brock L. Bucklin, 28, Grand Rapids, Michigan Cornell W. Gilmore I, 45, Baltimore, Maryland Michael Vann Johnson Jr., 25, Little Rock, Arkansas Brendon C. Reiss, 23, Natrona, Wyoming Joshua A. Scott, 24, Tunnel Hill, Georgia Brahim J. Jeffcoat, 25, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Jeremy M. Dimaranan, 29, Virginia Beach, Virginia James D. Mowris, 37, Aurora Missouri Ryan D. Walker, 25, Stayton, Oregon Joseph J. Heredia, 22, Santa Maria, California Benjamin E. Mejia, 25, Salem, Massachusetts Ronald A. Ginther, 37, Auburndale, Florida Nathaniel H. Johnson, 22, Augusta, Georgia George S. Rentschler, 31, Louisville, Kentucky Lewis T.D. Calapini, 21, Waipahu, Hawaii Kurt E. Krout, 43, Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania Michael A. Diraimondo, 22, Simi Valley, California Cory R. Mracek, 26, Hay Springs, Nebraska Jason Lopez-Reyes, 29, Hatillo, Puerto Rico David L. Roustum, 22, West Seneca, New York Alexander J. Kolasa, 22, White Lake, Michigan Jesse A. Givens, 34, Springfield, Missouri Paul J. Johnson, 29, Calumet, Michigan Thomas E. Retzer, 30, San Diego, California Jerry M. Durbin Jr., 26, Spring, Texas Seferino J. Reyna, 20, Phoenix, Arizona Jason A. Disney, 21, Fallon, Nevada Rodney A. Murray, 28, Ayden, North Carolina Jacob E. Melson, 22, Wasilla, Alaska Michael C. O’Neill, 22, Mansfield, Ohio Michael A. Marzano, 28, Greenville, Pennsylvania Michael T. Gleason, 25, Warren, Pennsylvania Philip A. Johnson Jr., 31,Alabama Ramon Reyes Torres, 29, Caguas, Puerto Rico Joshua A. Johnson, 24, Richford, Vermont Christopher M. Falkel, 22, Highlands Ranch, Colorado Anthony J. Dixon,, 20, Lindenwold, New Jersey Krisna Nachampassak, 27, Burke, Virginia Michael I. Edwards, 26, Fairbanks, Alaska Michael R. Cohen, 23, Jacobus, Pennsylvania Steven R. Givens, 26, Mobile, Alabama Todd J. Godwin, 21, Muskingum County, Ohio Rayshawn S. Johnson, 20, Brooklyn, New York Yadir G. Reynoso, 27, Wapato, Washington Cheyenne C. Willey, 36, Fremont, California Ramon E. Gonzales Cordova, 30, Davie, Florida Ryan E. Doltz, 26, Mine Hill, New Jersey Paul T. Nakamura, 21, Santa Fe Springs, California Chester W. Troxel, 45, Anchorage, Alaska Blain M. Ebert, 22, Washtucna, Wash Nicolas E. Messmer, 20, Franklin, Ohio James Michael Goins, 23, Bonner Springs, Kansas Devon D. Jones, 19, San Diego Sean C. Reynolds, 25, East Lansing, Michigan Joseph J. Andres, Jr., 34, Seven Hills, Ohio Hernando Rios, 29, Queens, New York Michael E. Dooley, 23, Pulaski, Virginia Nathan W. Nakis, 19, Corvallis, Oregon Rickey Scott, 30, Columbus, Georgia Benjamin C. Edinger, 24, Green Bay, Wisconsin Thor H. Ingraham, 24, Murrysville, Pennsylvania Christopher A. Golby, 26, Johnstown, Pennsylvania Darrell Jones, 22, Wellston, Ohio Rafael Reynosa Suarez, 28, Santa Ana, California Myla L. Maravillosa, 24, Wahiawa, Hawaii Anthony N. Kalladeen, 26, Purchase, New York Patrick Dorff, 32, Minnesota Kenneth A. Nalley, 19, Hamburg, Iowa, Brian McElroy, 28, San Antonio, Texas Sergio R. Diazvarela, 21, Lomita, California Nicholas C. Kirven, 21, Richmond, Virginia David J. Goldberg, 20, Layton, Utah Gussie M. Jones, 41, Raleigh, Arkansas Demetrius L. Rice, 24, Ortonville, New Mexico Sergio Gudino, 22, Pomona, California Ryan S. Ostrom, 25, Liberty, Pennsylvania James P. Dorrity, 37, Goldsboro North Carolina Christopher G. Nason, 39, Los Angeles, California Jason L. Norton, 32, Miami, Florida, Oklahoma Jacob R. Fleischer, 25, St. Louis Gary A. Eckert Jr., 24, Toledo, Ohio Nicholes D. Golding, 24, Addison, Maine Kylan A. Jones-Huffman, 31, Aptos, California Ariel Rico, 25, El Paso, Texas Anthony O. Cardinal, 20, Muskegon, Michigan Miguel Carrasquillo, 25, River Grove, Illinois Trace W. Dossett, 37, Orlando, Florida Kevin Nave, 36, Union Lake, Michigan Peter D. Wagler, Partridge, Kansas Dale E. Fracker Jr., 23, Apple Valley, California Richard P. Schoener, 21, Hayes, Louisiana Shane L. Goldman, 20, Orange, Texas Raymond E. Jones Jr., 31, Gainesville, Florida Jeremy L. Ridlen, 23, Clinton, Illinois Dominic R. Coles, 25, Jesup, Georgia Francis J. Straub Jr., 24, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Scott E. Dougherty, 20, Bradenton Florida Rafael L. Navea, 34, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Lance M. Chase, 32, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Nicholas S. Nolte, 25, Falls City, Nebraska Dustin A. Derga, 24, Columbus, Ohio Armando Ariel Gonzalez, 25, Hileah, Florida Curt E. Jordan, Jr., 25, Greenacres, Washington Juan M. Ridout, 36, Maple Tree, Washington Dane O. Carver, 20, Freeport, Michigan Gennaro Pellegrini Jr., 31, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Robert J. Dowdy, 38, Cleveland Charles L. Neeley, 19, Mattoon, Illinois Matthew D. Hunter, 31, Valley Grove, West Virginia Gentian Marku, 22, Warren, Michigan Lawrence R. Philippon, 22, Hartford, Connecticut Benjamin R. Gonzalez, 23, Los Angeles, California Jason D. Jordan, 24, Elba, Alabama Diego Fernando Rincon, 19, Conyers, Georgia Richard M. Salter, 44, Cypress, Texas John Kulick, 35, Harleysville, Pennsylvania Jeremy L. Drexler, 23, Topeka, Kansas Paul M. Neff II, 30, Fort Mill, South Carolina Joshua A. Scott, 24, Tunnel Hill, Georgia Ryan J. Cantafio, 22, Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Marcus Mahdee, 20, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Jesus A. Gonzalez, 22, Indio, California Phillip A. Jordan, 42, Enfield, Connecticut Duane R. Rios, 25, Griffith, Indiana Isaias E. Santos, 28, Ancon, Panama Nathaniel E. Detample, 19, Morrisville, Pennsylvania Christopher M. Duffy, 26, Brick, New Jersey Gavin L. Neighbor, 20, Somerset, Ohio Lewis T.D. Calapini, 21, Waipahu, Hawaii Jeffery S. Holmes, 20, White River Junction, Vermont Anthony L. Goodwin, 3,3, Mount Holly, New Jersey Jorge A. Gonzalez, 20, Los Angeles, California Forest J. Jostes, 22, Albion, Illinois Russell B. Rippetoe, 27, Arvada, Colo Lance S. Sage, 26, Hempstead, New York Christopher M. Katzenberger, 25, St. Louis, Missouri Jason L. Dunham, 22, Scio, New York Joshua M. Neusche, 20, Montreal, Missouri Jerry M. Durbin Jr., 26, Spring, Texas Michael A. Smith, 24, Camden, Arkansas Taylor B. Prazynski, 20, Fairfield, Ohio Jose Franci Gonzalez Rodriguez, 19, Norwalk, California Spencer T. Karol, 20, Woodruff, Arizona Jose A. Rivera, 34, Bayamon, Puerto Rico Joshua M. Morberg, 20, Sparks, Nevada Evenor C. Herrera, 22, Gypsum, Colorado Joe L. Dunigan Jr., 37, Belton, Texas Joseph L. Nice, 19, Nicoma Park, Oklahoma Joshua A. Johnson, 24, Richford, Vermont Brian K. Grant, 31, Dallas, Texas Stephen P. Baldwyn, 19, Saltillo, Mississippi Rodrigo Gonzalez-Garza, 26, Texas Michael G. Karr Jr., 23, San Antonio, Texas John T. Rivero, 23, Tampa, Florida Tobias C. Meister, 30, Jenks, Oklahoma Michael A. Benson, 40, Winona, Minnesota Robert L. DuSang, 24, Mandeville, Louisiana Dominique J. Nicolas, 25, Maricopa, Arizona Cheyenne C. Willey, 36, Fremont, California Harrison J. Meyer, 20, Worthington, Ohio Michael J. Bordelon, 3,7, Morgan City, Louisiana Bernard G. Gooden, 22, Mt. Vernon, New York Mark J. Kasecky, 20, McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania Frank K. Rivers Jr., 23, Woodbridge, Virginia Jason D. Hasenauer, 21, Hilton, New York Jeremy A. Chandler, 30, Clarksville, Tennessee William Dave Dusenbery, 30, Fairview Heights, Illinois Isaac Michael Nieves, 20, Unadilla, New York Joseph J. Andres, Jr., 34, Seven Hills, Ohio David B. Houck, 25, Winston Salem, North Carolina John T. Schmidt III, 21, Brookfield, Connecticut Gregory R. Goodrich, 37, Bartonville, Illinois Jeffrey J. Kaylor, 24, Clifton, Virginia Henry C. Risner, 26, Golden, Colorado Jason L. Bishop, 31, Williamstown, Kentucky Edward R. Heselton, 23, Easley, South Carolina Seth J. Dvorin, 24, New Jersey Patrick R. Nixon, 21, Nashville, Tennessee Myla L. Maravillosa, 24, Wahiawa, Hawaii Bradley M. Faircloth, 20, Mobile, Alabama Wesley G. Davids, 20, Dublin, Ohio Richard S. Gottfried, 42, Lake Ozark, Missouri Chad L. Keith, 21, Batesville, Indiana Thomas D. Robbins, 27, Schenectady, New York Christopher J. Vanderhorn, 37, Pierce, Washington David L. Giaimo, 24, Waukegan, Illinois Jason B. Dwelley, 31, Apopka, Florida Marcos O. Nolasco, 34, Chino, California Sergio Gudino, 22, Pomona, California Jordan D. Winkler, 19, Tulsa, Oklahoma Jourdan L. Grez, 24, Harrisonburg, Virginia Richard A. Goward , 32, Midland, Michigan Bryan P. Kelly, 21, Klamath, Oregon Todd J. Robbins, 33, Pentwater, Michigan Ernest Harold Sutphin, 21, Parkersburg, W.Virginia Rusty W. Bell, 21, Pocahontas, Arkansas Richard S. Eaton Jr., 37, Guilford, Connecticut William J. Normandy, 42, Augusta, Georgia Anthony O. Cardinal, 20, Muskegon, Michigan Harley D.R. Miller, 21, Spokane, Washington . Jonathan W. Grant, 23, Santa Fe, New Mexico Jeffrey C. Graham, 24, Elizabethtown, Kentucky Brian Matthew Kennedy, 25, Houston Lizbeth Robles, 31, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico Michael J. Sutter, 28, Tinley Park, Illinois Brian K. Derks , 21, White Cloud, Minnesota William C. Eckhart, 25, Rocksprings, Texas Joseph C. Norquist, 26, San Antonio, Texas Dominic R. Coles, 25, Jesup, Georgia Travis W. Grogan, 31, Virginia Beach, Virginia Nicholas B. Erdy, 21, Williamsburg, Ohio Jamie A. Gray, 29, Monpelier, Vermont Kyran E. Kennedy, 43, Boston, Massachusetts Anthony P. Roberts, 18, Bear, Delaware Philip J. Svitak, 31, Joplin, Missouri Toccara R. Green, 23, Rosedale, Maryland Marshall L. Edgerton, 27, Rocky Face, Georgia Leif E. Nott, 24, Cheyenne, Wyoming Dane O. Carver, 20, Freeport, Michigan Michael J. McMahon, 41, Connecticut Christopher R. Dixon, 18, Columbus, Ohio Michael J. Gray, 32, Richmond, Virginia Morgan D. Kennon, 23, Memphis, Tennessee Bob W. Roberts, 30, Newport, Oregon Sharon T. Swartworth, 43, Warwick, Rhode Island Shannon D. Taylor, 30, Smithville, Tennessee John J. Edmunds, 20, Cheyenne, Wyoming Todd E. Nunes, 29, Chapel Hills, Tennessee Richard M. Salter, 44, Cypress, Texas Jeremy E. Christensen, 27, Albuquerque, New Mexico Samuel T. Castle, 26, Naples, Texas Tommy L. Gray, 34, Roswell, New Mexico Christopher J. Kenny, 32, Miami, Florida Neil C. Roberts, 32, Woodland, California Paul A. Sweeney, 32, Lakeville Pennsylvania Gary L. Reese Jr., 22, Ashland City, Tennessee Shawn C. Edwards, 20, Bensenville, Illinois David T. Nutt, 32, Blackshear, Georgia Isaias E. Santos, 28, Ancon, Panama Joshua E. Lucero, 19, Tucson, Arizona Kendall H. Ivy II, 28, Crawford, Ohio Torrey L. Gray, 19, Patoka, Illinois Jonathan R. Kephart, 21, Oil City, Pennsylvania Robert D. Roberts, 21, Winter Park, Florida Thomas J. Sweet II, 23, Bismarck, North Dakota Asbury F. Hawn II, 35, Lebanon, Tennessee Daniel W. Eggers, 28, Cape Coral, Florida Donald S. Oaks Jr., 20, Erie, Pennsylvania Lance S. Sage, 26, Hempstead, New York Kirk J. Bosselmann, 21, Napa, California John M. Smith, 22, Wilmington, North Carolina Jeffrey G. Green, 20, Dallas, Texas Dallas, Texas L. Kerns, 21, Mountain Grove, Missouri Joseph E. Robsky Jr., 31, Elizaville, New York Christopher W. Swisher, 26, Lincoln, Nebraska Jeffrey A. Boskovitch, 25, Seven Hills, Ohio Jody L. Egnor, 32, Middletown, Ohio Branden F. Oberleitner, 20, Worthington, Ohio Joshua M. Morberg, 20, Sparks, Nevada Charles A. Hanson Jr., 22, Panacea, Florida Kenneth E. Zeigler II, 22, Dillsburg, Pennsylvania David S. Greene, 39, Raleigh, North Carolina William J. Kerwood, 37, Houston, Missouri Moses D. Rocha, 33, Roswell, New Mexico Paul R. Syverson III, 32, Lake Zurich, Ill Roger D. Castleberry Jr., 26, Austin, Texas Aaron C. Elandt, 23, Lowell, Michigan Patrick T. O’Day, 20, Sonoma, California Tobias C. Meister, 30, Jenks, Oklahoma Adam R. Brooks, 20, Manchester, New Hampshire Andrew R. Jodon, 27, Karthaus, Pennsylvania Kyle A. Griffin, 20, Emerson, New Jersey Erik C. Kesterson, 29, Independence, Oregon Marlin T. Rockhold, 23, Hamilton, Ohio Patrick S. Tainsh, 33, Oceanside, California David J. Coullard, 32, Glastonbury, Connecticut William R. Emanuel IV, 19, Stockton, California Charles E. Odums II, 22, Sandusky, Ohio Jason D. Hasenauer, 21, Hilton, New York Stephen C. Benish, 20, Clark, New Jersey Travis W. Anderson, 28, Hooper, Colorado Patrick Lee Griffin Jr., 31, Elgin, South Carolina Humayun S.M. Khan, 27, Bristow, Virginia Robert M. Rodriguez, 21, Queens, New York DeForest L.Talbert, 24, Charleston, W.Virginia Daniel N. Deyarmin Jr., 22, Tallmadge, Ohio Mark E. Engel, 21, Grand Junction, California Ramon C. Ojeda, 22, Ramona, California Jason L. Bishop, 31, Williamstown, Kentucky Trinidad R. Martinezluis, 22, Los Angeles, California Charles C. Gillican III, 3,5, Brunswick, Georgia Sean R. Grilley, 24, San Bernardino, California James M. Kiehl, 22, Comfort, Texas Philip G. Rogers, 23, Gresham, Oregon David M. Tapper, 32, Atco, New Jersey Brian P. Montgomery, 26, Willoughby, Ohio Peter G. Enos, 24, South Dartmouth, Massachusetts Evan W. O’Neill, 19, Haverhill, Massachusetts Christopher J. Vanderhorn, 37, Pierce, Washington Carl W. Lee, 23, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Jacob M. Simpson, 24, Ashland, Oregon Juan Guadalupe Garza Jr., 20, Temperance, Michigan Paul W. Kimbrough, 44, Washington, D.C. Daniel A. Romero, 30, Lafayette, Colorado Linda Ann Tarango-Griess, 33, Sutton, Nebraska Nathaniel S. Rock, 26, Toronto, Ohio Pedro I. Espaillat Jr., 20, Columbia, Tennessee Justin B. Onwordi, 28, Chandler, Arizona Ernest Harold Sutphin, 21, Parkersburg, W.Virginia Michael B. Shackelford, 25, Grand Junction, Colorado Wesley R. Riggs, 19, Baytown, Texas Joseph R. Guerrera, 20, Dunn, North Carolina Kevin C. Kimmerly, 31, North Creek, New York Robert E. Rooney, 43, Nashua, New Hampshire Michael Yury Tarlavsky, 30, Passaic, New Jersey James R. Graham III, 25, Coweta, Oklahoma Analaura Esparza Gutierrez, 21, Houston, Texas Richard P. Orengo, 32, Toa Alta, Puerto Rico Michael J. Sutter, 28, Tinley Park, Illinois Blake A. Magaoay, 20, Pearl City, Hawaii Antwan L. Walker, 22, Tampa, Florida Hans N. Gukeisen, 31, Lead, South Dakota Levi B. Kinchen, 21, Tickfaw, Louisiana Randal Kent Rosacker, 21, San Diego Christopher M. Taylor, 25, Daphne, Alabama James D. McNaughton, 27, Middle Village, New York Michael J. Esposito Jr., 22, Brentwood, New York Kim S. Orlando, 43, Tennessee Philip J. Svitak, 31, Joplin, Missouri Wilfredo F. Urbina, 29, Baldwin, New York Robin V. Fell, 22, Shreveport, Louisiana Christian D. Gurtner, 19, Ohio City, Ohio Lester O. Kinney II, 27, Zanesville, Ohio Richard H. Rosas, 21, Saint Louis, Michigan John E. Taylor, 31, Wichita Falls Texas Thomas C. Hull, 41, Princeton, Illinois Adam W. Estep, 23, Campbell, California Eric J. Orlowski, 26, Buffalo, New York Sharon T. Swartworth, 43, Warwick, Rhode Island Christian P. Engeldrum, 39, Bronx, New York Bernard L. Sembly, 25, Bossier City, Louisiana Jose Gutierrez, 22, Los Angeles, California Adam G. Kinser, 21, Sacramento California Scott C. Rose, 30, Fayetteville, North Carolina Mark D. Taylor, 41, Stockton, California Adam J. Strain, 20, Smartsville, California Ruben Estrella-Soto, 18, El Paso, Texas Osbaldo Orozco, 26, Delano, California Paul A. Sweeney, 32, Lakeville Pennsylvania Daryl A. Davis, 20, Orlando, Florida Wyatt D. Eisenhauer, 26, Pinckneyville, Illinois Kelvin E.F. Gutierrez, 21, Anasco, Puerto Rico David M. Kirchhoff, 31, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Victor A. Rosales-Lomeli, 29, Westminster, California John R. Teal, 31, Mechanicsville, Virginia Christopher J. Dyer, 19, Cincinnati David Evans Jr., 18, Buffalo, New York Cody J. Orr, 21, Ruskin, Florida Thomas J. Sweet II, 23, Bismarck, North Dakota Erik W. Hayes, 24, Cascade, Maryland Kurt D. Schamberg, 26, Euclid, Ohio Richard W. Hafer, 21, Cross Lanes, W.Virginia Charles A. Kiser, 37, Cleveland, Wisconsin Randy S. Rosenberg, 23, Berlin, New Hampshire John Teal, 29, Dallas, Texas Jerry L. Ganey Jr., 29, Folkston, Georgia Mark A. Evnin, 21, Burlington, Vermont Billy J. Orton, 41, Humnoke, Arkansas Christopher W. Swisher, 26, Lincoln, Nebraska Jose Guereca Jr., 24, Missouri City, Texas Brad A. Wentz, 21, Gladwin, Michigan Charles G. Haight, 23, Jacksonville, Alabama Daniel Leon Kisling Jr., 31, Neosho, Missouri Lawrence A. Roukey, 33, Westbrook, Maine Riayan A. Tejeda, 26, New York, New York Charles H. Warren, 36, Duluth, Georgia Jeremy Ricardo Ewing, 22, Miami, Florida Mark S. O’Steen, 43, Ozark, Alabama Paul R. Syverson III, 32, Lake Zurich, Ill Pablo A. Calderon, 26, Brooklyn, New York Steven C. Tucker, 19, Grapevine, Texas David E. Hall, 21, Uniontown, Kansas Nicholas Brian Kleiboeker, 19, Irvington, Illinois Marco D. Ross, 20, Memphis, Tennessee Jason Andrew Tetrault, 20, Moreno Valley, California William Brett Wightman, 22, Sabina, Ohio Justin L. Eyerly, 23, Salem, Oregon Deshon E. Otey, 24, Hardin, Kentucky Patrick S. Tainsh, 33, Oceanside, California Isaac E. Diaz, 26, Rio Hondo, Texas Carl J. Morgain, 40, Butler, Pennsylvania Deryk L. Hallal, 24, Indianapolis, Indiana John K. Klinesmith Jr., 25, Stockbridge, Georgia Brandon J. Rowe, 20, Roscoe, Illinois Juston T. Thacker, 21, Bluefield, W.Virginia Kevin G. Waruinge, 22, Tampa, Florida Jonathan I. Falaniko, 20, Pago Pago, American Samoa Kevin C. Ott, 27, Columbus, Ohio DeForest L.Talbert, 24, Charleston, W.Virginia Bryan S. Wilson, 22, Otterbein, Indiana John B. Ogburn III, 45, Fruitland, Oregon Jesse M. Halling, 19, Indianapolis, Indiana Floyd G. Knighten Jr., 55, Olla, Louisiana Roger D. Rowe, 54, Bon Aqua, Tennessee Thomas R. Thigpen, Sr., 52, Augusta, Georgia Edward A. Schroeder II, 23, Columbus, Ohio Raymond J. Faulstich Jr., 24, Leonardtown, Maryland Brian J. Ouellette, 37, Needham, Massachusetts David M. Tapper, 32, Atco, New Jersey Javier Obleas-Prado Pena, 36, Falls Church, Virginia Charles T. Wilkerson, 30, Kansas City, Missouri Erik A. Halvorsen, 40, Bennington, Vermont Joshua L. Knowles, 23, Sheffield, Iowa Jonathan D. Rozier, 25, Katy, Texas Jesse L. Thiry, 23, Casco, Wisconsin Aaron H. Reed, 21, Chillicothe, Ohio Curtis D. Feistner, 34, White Bear Lake, Minnesota Bartt D. Owens, 31, Middletown, Ohio Linda Ann Tarango-Griess, 33, Sutton, Nebraska Zachary A. Kolda, 23, Corpus Christi, Texas Tyler L. Creamean, 21, Jacksonville, Arkansas Kimberly N. Hampton, 27, Easley, South Carolina Kevin T. Kolm, 23, Hicksville, New York Isela Rubalcava, 25, El Paso, Texas Adam L. Thomas, 21, Palos Hills, Illinois Grant B. Fraser, 22, Anchorage, Alaska Arthur L. Felder, 36, Louisville, Arkansas David Edward Owens Jr., 20, Winchester, Virginia Michael Yury Tarlavsky, 30, Passaic, New Jersey David M. Fisher, 21, Green Island, New York Aaron N. Seesan, 25, Ohio Michael S. Hancock, 29, Yreka, California Martin W. Kondor, 20, York, Pennsylvania Bruce A. Rushforth Jr., 35, Middleboro, Massachusetts Kyle G. Thomas, 23, Topeka, Kansas Marine Cpl. David S. Stewart, 24, Bogalusa, Louisiana Rian C. Ferguson, 22, Taylors, South Carolina Fernando Padilla-Ramirez, 26, Yuma, Ariz Christopher M. Taylor, 25, Daphne, Alabama George D. Harrison, 22, Knoxville, Tennessee Kenneth J. Schall, 22, Peoria, Arizona Fernando B. Hannon, 19, Wildomar, Calif Patrick W. Kordsmeier, 49, North Little Rock, Arkansas John W. Russell, 26, Portland, Texas Kendall Thomas, 36, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands Marine Cpl. David Kenneth J. Kreuter, 26, Cincinnati Richard L. Ferguson, 45, Conway, New Hampshire Shawn D. Pahnke, 25, Shelbyville, Indiana John E. Taylor, 31, Wichita Falls Texas Henry E. Irizarry, 38, Bronx, New York Benjamin C. Morton, 24, Wright, Kansas Warren S. Hansen, 36, Clintonville, Wisconsin Edward J. Korn, 31, Savannah, Georgia Timothy Louis Ryan, 30, Aurora, Illinois Anthony O. Thompson, 26, Orangeburg, South Carolina Justin F. Hoffman, 27, Delaware, Ohio George A. Fernandez, 36, El Paso, Texas Gabriel T. Palacios, 22, Lynn, Massachusetts Mark D. Taylor, 41, Stockton, California Matthew A. Wyatt, 21, Millstadt, Illinois Kyle M. Hemauer, 21, Chilton, Wisconsin James W. Harlan, 44, Owensboro, Kentucky Bradley S. Korthaus, 28, Davenport, Iowa Scott A. Saboe, 33, Willow Lake, South Dakota Jarrett B. Thompson, 27, Dover, Delaware Bradley J. Harper, 25, Dresden, Ohio Clint D. Ferrin, 31, Picayune, Mississippi Eric T. Paliwoda, 28, Texas John R. Teal, 31, Mechanicsville, Virginia Binh N. Le, 20, Alexandria, Virginia Christopher S. Perez, 30, Hutchinson, Kansas William M. Harrell, 30, Placentia, California Jakub Henryk Kowalik, 21, Schaumburg, Illinois Rasheed Sahib, 22, Brooklyn, New York Robert C. Thornton Jr., 35, Rainbow City, Alabama Nicholas William B. Bloem, 20, Belgrade, Montana Jon P. Fettig, 30, Dickinson,North Dakota Joshua M. Palmer, 25, Banning, California John Teal, 29, Dallas, Texas David P. Mahlenbrock, 20, Maple Shade, New Jersey Joshua T. Brazee, 25, Sand Creek, Michigan Stanley L. Harriman, 34, Wade, North Carolina Elmer C. Krause, 40, Greensboro, North Carolina Rudy Salas, 20, Baldwin Park, California Patrick D. Tillman, 27, Chandler, Arizona Eric J. Bernholtz, 23, Grove City, Ohio Tyler R. Fey, 22, Eden Prarie, Minnesota Dale A. Panchot, 26, Northome, Minnesota Riayan A. Tejeda, 26, New York, New York Michael L. Boatright, 24, Whitesboro, Texas Russell J. Verdugo, 34, Phoenix Kenneth W. Harris Jr., 23, Charlotte, Tennessee Dustin L. Kreider, 19, Riverton, Kansas Edward M. Saltz, 27, Bigfork, Montana Humberto F. Timoteo, 25, Newark, New Jersey Timothy M. Bell Jr., 22, West Chesterfield, Ohio Jeremy J. Fischer, 26, Lincoln, Nebraska James David Parker, 20, Bryan, Texas Jason Andrew Tetrault, 20, Moreno Valley, California Joseph O. Behnke, 45, Brooklyn, New York Daniel Ryan Varnado, 23, Saucier, Mississippi Efrain Sanchez Jr., 26, Port Chester, New York Bradley G. Kritzer, 18, Irvona, Pennsylvania Benjamin W. Sammis, 29, Rehobeth, Massachusetts John E. Tipton, 32, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Chad J. Simon, 32, Madison, Wisconsin Paul F. Fisher, 39, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Daniel R. Parker, 18, Lake Elsinore, California Juston T. Thacker, 21, Bluefield, W.Virginia Cari Anne Gasiewicz, 28, Depew, New York Saburant Parker, 43, Foxworth, Mississippi Arthur R. McGill, 25, Gravette, Arkansas John F. Kurth, 31, Wisconsin Sonny G. Sampler, 23, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Brandon T. Titus, 20, Boise, Idaho Theodore Clark Jr., 31, Emporia, Virginia Dustin R. Fitzgerald, 22, Huber Heights, Ohio Kristian E. Parker, 23, Slidell, Louisiana Thomas R. Thigpen, Sr., 52, Augusta, Georgia David A. Mitts, 24, Hammond, Oregon Audrey Daron Lunsford, 29, Sardis, Mississippi Lavena L. Johnson, 19, Florissant, Missouri William W. Labadie Jr., 45, Bauxite, Arkansas Gregory P. Sanders, 19, Hobart, Indiana Brandon S. Tobler, 19, Portland, Oregon Nils G. Thompson, 19, Confluence, Pennsylvania Jacob S. Fletcher, 28, Bay Shore, New York Tommy L. Parker Jr., 21, Cleburne, Arkansas Jesse L. Thiry, 23, Casco, Wisconsin Salamo J. Tuialuuluu, 23, Pago Pago, American Samoa Bryan Edward Barron, 26, Biloxi, Mississippi Jefferey J. Farrow, 28, Birmingham, Alabama Joshua S. Ladd, 20, Fort Gibson, Mississippi Leroy Sandoval Jr., 21, Houston Lee D. Todacheene, 29, Farmington, New Mexico Damian J. Garza, 19, Odessa, Texas Thomas A. Foley III, 23, Dresden, Tennessee Vincent Parker, 38, Preston, Michigan Adam L. Thomas, 21, Palos Hills, Illinois Kyle A. Eggers, 27, Euless, Texas Randy D. Collins, 36, Long Beach, California Steven P. Gill, 24, Round Rock, Texas Anthony S. Lagman, 26, Yonkers, New York Matthew J. Sandri, 24, Shamokin, Pennsylvania John H. Todd III, 24, Bridgeport, Pennsylvania John M. Henderson Jr., 21, Columbus, Georgia Elia P. Fontecchio, 30, Milford, Massachusetts Harvey E. Parkerson III, 27, Yuba City, Cali Kyle G. Thomas, 23, Topeka, Kansas Andrew M. Ward, 25, Kirkland, Washington Peter J. Hahn, 31, Metairie, Louisiana Travis L. Youngblood, 26, Surrency, Georgia Michael V. Lalush, 23, Troutville, Virginia Barry Sanford Sr., 46, Aurora, Colorado Nicholas A. Tomko, 24, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Terry W. Ball Jr., 36, East Peoria, Illinois Jason C. Ford, 21, Bowie, Maryland David B. Parson, 30, Kannapolis, North Carolina Kendall Thomas, 36, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands Edwin W. Roodhouse, 36, San Jose, California David N. Wimberg, 24, Louisville, Kentucky Jason T. Palmerton, 25, Auburn, Nebraska Alan Dinh Lam, 19, Snow Camp, North Carolina Neil Anthony Santoriello, 24, Verona, Pennsylvania Timothy Toney, 37, Manhattan, New York Brett E. Walden, 40, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Travis A. Ford, 30, Ogallala, Nebraska Esau G. Patterson Jr., 25, Ridgeland, South Carolina Anthony O. Thompson, 26, Orangeburg, South Carolina Marvin L. Trost III, 28, Goshen, Indiana Ryan J. Montgomery, 22, Greensburg, Kentucky Bryan J. Opskar, 32, Princeton, Minnesota James I. Lambert III, 22, Raleigh, North Carolina Cameron B. Sarno, 43, Waipahu, Hawaii George D. Torres, 23, Long Beach, California Robert V. Derenda, 42, Ledbetter, Kentucky Lawrence S. Colton, 32, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Ronald R. Payne Jr., 23, Lakeland, Florida Jarrett B. Thompson, 27, Dover, Delaware In C. Kim, 23, Warren, Michigan Jeremy A. Brown, 26, Mabscott, West Virginia Jason W. Montefering, 27, Parkston, South Dakota James P. Lambert, 23, Ascension Parish, Louisiana Brandon R. Sapp, 21, Lake Worth, Florida Richard Torres, 25, Clarksville, Tennessee Chase J. Comley, 21, Lexington, Kentucky Elia P. Fontecchio, 30, Milford, Massachusetts William L. Payne, 46, Otsego, Michigan Robert C. Thornton Jr., 35, Rainbow City, Alabama Mark N. Stubenhofer, 30, Springfield, Virginia Michael P. Murphy, 29, Patchogue, New York Ernest W. Dallas, Texas Jr., 21, Denton, Texas Jonathan W. Lambert, 28, New Site, Mississippi Scott D. Sather, 29, Clio, Michigan Juan M. Torres, 25, Houston Brahim J. Jeffcoat, 25, Philadelphia Jeremy D. Foshee, 25, Pisgah, Alabama Michael F. Pedersen, 26, Flint, Michigan Patrick D. Tillman, 27, Chandler, Arizona Todd C. Gibbs, 37, Angelina, Texas Danny P. Dietz, 25, Littleton, Colorado Milton M. Monzon Jr., 21, Los Angeles, California Andrew David La Mont, 31, Eureka, California Jeremiah E. Savage, 21, Livingston, Tennessee Michael S. Torres, 21, El Paso, Texas Kurt E. Krout, 43, Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania Bradley C. Fox, 34, Orlando, Florida Abraham D. Penamedina, 32, Los Angeles, California Humberto F. Timoteo, 25, Newark, New Jersey Arthur C. Williams IV, 31, Edgewater, Florida Scottie L. Bright, 36, Montgomery, Alabama Ramon A. Villatoro Jr., 19, Bakersfield, California Sean G. Landrus, 31, Thompson, Ohio Robert C. Scheetz Jr., 31, Dothan, Alabama Elias Torrez III, 21, Veribest, Texas Seferino J. Reyna, 20, Phoenix David M. Fraise, 24, New Orleans Brian H. Penisten, 28, Fort Wayne, Indiana John E. Tipton, 32, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Patrick D. Leach, 39, Rock Hill, South Carolina Anthony M. Mazzarella, 22, Blue Springs, Missouri Christopher J. Taylor, 22, Opelika, Alabama Mitchell A. Lane, 34, Lompoc California Justin B. Schmidt, 23, Bradenton, Florida Michael L. Tosto, 24, Apex, North Carolina Christopher M. Falkel, 22, Highlands Ranch, Colorado Gregory M. Frampton, 37, Fresno, California Ross A. Pennanen, 36, Shawnee, Oklahoma Brandon T. Titus, 20, Boise, Idaho Andrew C. Shields, 25, Campobello, South Carolina Christopher W. Dickison, 26, Seattle, Washington John F. Thomas, 33, Valdosta, Georgia Shawn A. Lane, 33, Corning, New York Jeremiah W. Schmunk, 21, Richland, Washington William J. Tracy, 27, New Hampshire Ramon E. Gonzales Cordova, 30, Davie, Florida Craig S. Frank, 24, Lincoln Park, Michigan Gregory V. Pennington, 36, Glade Spring, Virginia Brandon S. Tobler, 19, Portland, Oregon Christopher S. Adlesperger, 20, Albuquerque, New Mexico ArmyAubrey D. Bell, 33, Tuskegee, Alabama James O. Kinlow, 35, Thomson, Georgia Moises A. Langhorst, 19, Moose Lake, Minnesota Sean M. Schneider, 22, Janesville, Wisconsin Richard K. Trevithick, 20, Gaines, Michigan Hernando Rios, 29, Queens, New York Phillip E. Frank, 20, Elk Grove, Illinois Hector R. Perez, 40, Corpus Christi, Texas Lee D. Todacheene, 29, Farmington, New Mexico Kyle J. Renehan, 21, Oxford, Pennsylvania Wilfred D. Bellard, 20, Lake Charles, Louisiana Carl R. Fuller, 44, Covington, Georgia Tracy L. Laramore, 30, Okaloosa, Florida Dustin H. Schrage, 20, Brevard, Florida Andrew L. Tuazon, 21, Chesapeake, Virginia Anthony N. Kalladeen, 26, Purchase, New York Bobby C. Franklin, 38,Mineral Bluff, Georgia Joel Perez, 25, Rio Grande, Puerto Rico John H. Todd III, 24, Bridgeport, Pennsylvania Gregory P. Rund, 21, Littleton, Colorado Christopher Belchik, 30, Jersey, Illinois Jacques E. Brunson, 30, Americus, Georgia Scott Q. Larson Jr., 22, Houston Mathew E. Schram, 36, Brookfield, Wisconsin Roger C. Turner Jr., 37, Parkersburg, W.Virginia Ryan S. Ostrom, 25, Liberty, Pennsylvania Robert L. Frantz, 19, San Antonio, Texas Geoffrey Perez, 24, Los Angeles, California Nicholas A. Tomko, 24, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Robert W. Hoyt, 21, Ashford, Connecticut Joseph P. Bellavia, 28, Wakefield, Massachusetts Adam J. Harting, 21, Portage, Indiana Matthew C. Laskowski, 32, Phoenix, Arizona Christian C. Schulz, 20, Colleyville, Texas Peter P. Tycz II, 32, Tonawanda, New York Miguel Carrasquillo, 25, River Grove, Illinois Jacob Frazier, 24, St. Charles, Illinois Luis A. Perez, 19, Theresa, New York Timothy Toney, 37, Manhattan, New York Joshua W. Dickinson, 25, Pasco, Florida William M. Bennett, 35, Seymour, Tennessee Michael W. Schafer, 25, Spring Hill, Florida William T. Latham, 29, Kingman, Arizona David A. Scott, 51, Union, Ohio Scott M. Tyrrell, 21, Sterling, Illinois Francis J. Straub Jr., 24, Philadelphia Benjamin L. Freeman, 19, Valdosta, Georgia Wilfredo Perez Jr., 24, Norwalk, Connecticut George D. Torres, 23, Long Beach, California Joshua A. Ramsey, 19, Defiance, Ohio Robert T. Benson, 20, Spokane, Washington Adrian J. Butler, 28, East Lansing, Michigan Karina S. Lau, 20, Livingston, California Justin A. Scott, 22, Bellevue Kentucky Andre D. Tyson, 33, Riverside, California Gennaro Pellegrini Jr., 31, Philadelphia David K. Fribley, 26, Warsaw, Indiana Michael J. Pernaselli, 27, Monroe, New York Richard Torres, 25, Clarksville, Tennessee Hilario F. Lopez, 22, Ingleside, Texas David R. Bernstein, 24, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania Benyahmin B. Yahudah, 24, Bogart, Georgia Jeffrey D. Lawrence, 22, Tucson, Arizona Kerry D. Scott, 21, Mount Vernon, Washington Eugene A. Uhl III, 21, Amherst, Wisconsin John Kulick, 35, Harleysville, Pennsylvania David T. Friedrich, 26, Hammond, New York Theodore L. Perreault, 33, Webster, Massachusetts Juan M. Torres, 25, Houston Melvin L. Blazer, 38, Moore, Oklahoma Joel L. Bertoldie, 20, Independence, Missouri Benjamin D. Jansky, 28, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Mark A. Lawton, 41, Hayden, Colorado Stephen M. Scott, 21, Lawton, Oklahoma Daniel P. Unger, 19, Exeter, California Nathaniel E. Detample, 19, Morrisville, Pennsylvania Luke P. Frist, 20, West Lafayette, Indiana David S. Perry, 36, Bakersfield, California Michael S. Torres, 21, El Paso, Texas Ian W. Stewart, 21, Lake Hughes, California Stephen A. Bertolino, 40, Orange, California John O. Tollefson, 22, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin Travis J. Layfield, 19, Fremont, California Marc S. Seiden, 26, Brigantine, New Jersey Ernest E. Utt, 38, Hammond, Illinois Christopher M. Katzenberger, 25, St. Louis Kerry W. Frith, 37, Jamesville, Nevada Charles C. Persing, 20, Albany, Louisiana Elias Torrez III, 21, Veribest, Texas Jason S. Clairday, 21, Camp Fulton, Arkansas Bryan P. Bertrand, 23, Coos Bay, Oregon Edward L. Myers, 21, St. Joseph, Missouri Rene Ledesma, 34, Abilene, Texas Christopher Scott Seifert, 27, Easton, Pennsylvania Ruben Valdez Jr., 21, San Diego, Texas Evenor C. Herrera, 22, Gypsum, Colorado Adam D. Froehlich, 21, Pine Hill, New Jersey Dustin W. Peters, 25, El Dorado, Kansas Michael L. Tosto, 24, Apex, North Carolina Jeffrey L. Kirk, 24, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Marvin Best, 33, Prosser, Washington Christopher P. Lyons, 24, Shelby, Ohio Bum R. Lee, 21, Sunnyvale, California Danton K. Seitsinger, 29, Oklahoma City Melissa Valles, 26, Eagle Pass, Texas Michael A. Benson, 40, Winona, Minnesota Kurt R. Frosheiser, 22, Des Moines, Iowa Alyssa R. Peterson, 27, Flagstaff, Arizona William J. Tracy, 27, New Hampshire Jeffery S. Blanton, 23, Fayetteville, Georgia Mark A. Bibby, 25, Watha, North Carolina Andre L. Williams, 23, Galloway, Ohio Ken W. Leisten, 20, Cornelius, Oregon Dustin M. Sekula, 18, Edinburg, Texas Gene Arden Vance Jr., 38, Morgantown, W.Virginia Jeremy A. Chandler, 30, Clarksville, Tennessee Nichole M. Frye, 19, Lena, Wisconsin Brett J. Petriken, 30, Flint, Michigan Richard K. Trevithick, 20, Gaines, Michigan Richard D. Warner, 22, Waukesha, Wisconsin Benjamin W. Biskie, 27, Vermilion, Ohio Ernesto R. Guerra, 20, Long Beach, California Cedric L. Lennon, 32, West Blocton, Alabama Matthew K. Serio, 21, North Providence, Rhode Island Allen J. Vandayburg, 20, Mansfield, Ohio Edward R. Heselton, 23, Easley, South Carolina Chad C. Fuller, 24, Potsdam New York Erickson H. Petty, 28, Fort Gibson, Oklahoma Andrew L. Tuazon, 21, Chesapeake, Virginia Brent T. Vroman, 21, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Michael E. Bitz, 31, Ventura, California Victor A. Anderson, 39, Ellaville, Georgia Farao K. Letufuga, 20, Pago Pago, American Samoa Juan M. Serrano, 31, Manati, Puerto Rico Brian K. Van Dusen, 39, Columbus, Ohio David L. Giaimo, 24, Waukegan, Illinois Kane M. Funke, 20, Vancouver, Washington Jerrick M. Petty, 25, Idaho Falls, Idaho Roger C. Turner Jr., 37, Parkersburg, W.Virginia Tina S. Time, 22, Tucson, Arizona Jarrod W. Black, 26, Peru, Indiana Ronnie L. Shelley Sr., 34, Valdosta, Georgia Justin W. Linden, 22, Portland, Oregon Wentz Jerome Henry Shanaberger III, 33, Naples, Florida John J. Van Gyzen IV, 21, Bristol, Massachusetts Rusty W. Bell, 21, Pocahontas, Arkansas Dan H. Gabrielson, 39, Spooner, Wisconsin Chance R. Phelps, 19, Clifton, Colorado Peter P. Tycz II, 32, Tonawanda, New York Victor A. Martinez, 21, the Bronx, New York City Thomas A. Blair, 24, Wagoner, Oklahoma David R. Jones Sr., 45, Augusta, Georgia Roger G. Ling, 20, Douglaston, New York Jeffrey R. Shaver, 26, Maple Valley, Washington Gary F. VanLeuven, 20, Klamath Falls, Oregon Brian K. Derks , 21, White Cloud, Michigan Justin J. Galewski, 28, Olathe, Kansas Gladimir Philippe, 37, Linden, New Jersey Scott M. Tyrrell, 21, Sterling, Illinois Michael D. Anderson Jr., 21, Modesto, California Michael T. Blaise, 29, Tennessee Robert A. Swaney, 21, West Jefferson, Ohio Joseph L. Lister, 22, Pleasanton, Kansas Casey Sheehan, 24, Vacaville, California Oscar D. Vargas-Medina, 32, Chicago, Illinois Toccara R. Green, 23, Rosedale, Maryland Daniel Lee Galvan, 30, Moore, Oklahoma Ivory L. Phipps, 44, Chicago, Illinois Andre D. Tyson, 33, Riverside, California Franklin A. Sweger, 24, San Antonio, Texas Ernesto M. Blanco, 28, San Antonio, Texas Jason D. Scheuerman, 20, Lynchburg, Virginia Nino D. Livaudais, 23, Ogden, Utah Kevin F. Sheehan, 36, Milton, Vermont Mark D. Vasquez, 35, Port Huron, Michigan Shannon D. Taylor, 30, Smithville, Tennessee Richard J. Gannon II, 31, Escondido, California Pierre E. Piche, 29, Starksboro, Vermont Eugene A. Uhl III, 21, Amherst, Wisconsin Berry K. Meza, 23, League City, Texas James D. Blankenbecler, 40, Alexandria, Virginia Jonathon C. Haggin, 26, Kingsland, Georgia Dale T. Lloyd, 22, Watsontown, Pennsylvania Daniel Michael Shepherd, 23, Elyria, Ohio Frances M. Vega, 20, Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico Gary L. Reese Jr., 22, Ashland City, Tennessee Jose A. Garibay, 21, Costa Mesa, California Lori Ann Piestewa, 23, Tuba City, Arizona Daniel P. Unger, 19, Exeter, California Donald B. Farmer, 33, Zion, Illinois Christopher M. Blaschum, 33, Port St. Joe, Florida James D. Carroll, 23, McKenzie, Tennessee Daniel J. Londono, 22, Boston Anthony L. Sherman, 43, Pottstown, Pennsylvania Michael W. Vega, 41, Lathrop,California Asbury F. Hawn II, 35, Lebanon, Tennessee Joseph M. Garmback, Jr., 24, Cleveland, Ohio James H. Pirtle, 27, La Mesa, New Mexico Ernest E. Utt, 38, Hammond, Illinois Neil D. Petsche, 21, Lena, Illinois Jay A. Blessing, 23, Tacoma, Washington Jeffrey A. Boskovitch, 25, Seven Hills, Ohio Ryan P. Long, 21, Seaford, Delaware Alan D. Sherman, 36, Brick, New Jersey Paul A. Velazquez, 29, San Diego Jose L. Ruiz, 28, Brentwood, New York Landis W. Garrison, 23, Rapids City, Illinois Dean P. Pratt, 22, Stevensville, Montana Ruben Valdez Jr., 21, San Diego, Texas Joel Egan Baldwin, 37, Arlington, Virginia Joseph M. Blickenstaff , 23, Corvallis, Oregon Roger D. Castleberry Jr., 26, Austin, Texas Zachariah W. Long, 20, Milton, Pennsylvania Anissa A. Shero, 31, Grafton, W.V. David M. Vicente, 25, Methuen, Massachusetts Thomas J. Strickland, 27, Douglasville, Georgia Justin W. Garvey, 23, Townsend, Massachusetts Jason Plite, 21, Lansing, Michigan . Melissa Valles, 26, Eagle Pass, Texas Lionel Ayro, 22, Jeanerette, Louisiana Nicholas H. Blodgett, 21, Wyoming, Michigan David J. Coullard, 32, Glastonbury, Connecticut Duane E. Longstreth, 19, Tacoma, Washington Harry N. Shondee, Jr., 19, Ganado, Arizona Johnny Villareal Mata, 35, Pecos, Texas Joshua P. Dingler, 19, Hiram, Georgia Joseph P. Garyantes, 34, Rehoboth, Delaware Steven Plumhoff, 33, Neshanic Station, New Jersey Gene Arden Vance Jr., 38, Morgantown, W.Virginia David A. Ruhren, 20, Stafford, Virginia Trevor A. Blumberg, 22, Canton, Michigan Daniel N. Deyarmin Jr., 22, Tallmadge, Ohio Juan Lopez, 22, Whitfield, Georgia Brad S. Shuder, 21, El Dorado, California Scott M. Vincent, 21, Bokoshe, Oklahoma Paul A. Saylor, 21, Norcross, Georgia Israel Garza, 25, Lubbock, Texas Frederick E. Pokorney Jr., 31, Tonopah, Nev Allen J. Vandayburg, 20, Mansfield, Ohio Nicholas C. Mason, 20, King George, Virginia Jeremy L. Bohlman, 21, Sioux Falls, South Dakota Brian P. Montgomery, 26, Willoughby, Ohio Richard M. Lord, 24, Jacksonville, Florida James A. Shull, 32, California Kimberly A. Voelz, 27, Carlisle, Pennsylvania Michael J. Stokely, 23, Sharpsburg, Georgia Joe J. Garza, 43, Robstown, Texas Andrew R. Pokorny, 30, Naperville, Illinois Brian K. Van Dusen, 39, Columbus, Ohio Cory M. Hewitt, 26, Dover, Tennessee Jeffrey E. Bohr Jr., 39, Ossian,Iowa Nathaniel S. Rock, 26, Toronto, Ohio Edgar E. Lopez, 27, Los Angeles, California Dustin L. Sides, 22, Yakima, Washington Thai Vue, 22, Willows, California Timothy J. Seamans, 20, Jacksonville, Florida Christopher P. Geiger, 38, Allentown Pennsylvania Justin W. Pollard, 21, Foothill Ranch, California John J. Van Gyzen IV, 21, Bristol, Massachusetts Thomas J. Dostie, 20, Sommerville, Maine Todd J. Bolding, 23, Manvel, Texas James R. Graham III, 25, Coweta, Oklahoma Raymond Losano, 24, Del Rio Texas Erik H. Silva, 22, Chula Vista, California Brandon J. Wadman, 19, West Palm Beach, Florida Ray M. Fuhrmann II, 28, Novato, California Christopher D. Gelineau, 23 Portland, Maine Larry E. Polley, Jr., 20, Center, Texas Gary F. VanLeuven, 20, Klamath Falls, Oregon Jonathan Castro, 21, Corona, California Craig A. Boling, 38, Elkhart, Indiana James D. McNaughton, 27, Middle Village, New York David L. Loyd, 44, Jackson, Tennessee Sean A. Silva, 23, Roseville, California Michael B. Wafford, 20, Spring, Texas Jeremy W. Doyle, 24, Chestertown, Maryland Scott N. Germosen, 37, New York City Darrin K. Potter, 24, Louisville, Kentucky Oscar D. Vargas-Medina, 32, Chicago, Illinois Lynn R. Poulin Sr., 47, Freedom, Maine Doyle W. Bollinger Jr., 21, Poteau, Oklahoma Thomas C. Hull, 41, Princeton, Illinois Robert L. Lucero, 34, Casper, Wyoming Leonard D. Simmons, 33, New Bern, North Carolina Christopher A. Wagener, 24, Fairview Heights, Illinois Nathan K. Bouchard, 24, Wildomar, California Cory Ryan Geurin, 18, Santee, California David L. Potter, 22, Johnson City, Tennessee Mark D. Vasquez, 35, Port Huron, Michigan Robert S. Johnson, 23, Castro Valley, California Kelly Bolor, 37, Whittier, California Adam J. Strain, 20, Smartsville, California Jacob R. Lugo, 21, Flower Mound, Texas Charles M. Sims, 18, Miami, Florida, Florida, Gregory L. Wahl, 30, Salisbury, North Carolina Phillip C. George, 22, Houston, Texas Thomas J. Gibbons, 31, PrinceFrederick, Maryland James E. Powell, 26, Radcliff, Kentucky Frances M. Vega, 20, Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico Darren D. VanKomen, 33, Bluefield, W.Virginia Juan C. Cabral Banuelos, 25, Emporia, Kansas Christopher J. Dyer , 19, Cincinnati, Ohio Jason C. Ludlam, 22, Arlington, Texas John T. Sims Jr., 21, Alexander City, Alabama Allan K. Walker, 28, Lancaster, California Robert G. Davis, 23, Jackson, Missouri Christopher A. Gibson, 23, Simi Valley, California Caleb J. Powers, 21, Manfield, Washington Michael W. Vega, 41, Lathrop,California Julian S. Melo, 47, Brooklyn, New York Joshua I. Bunch, 23, Hattiesburg, Mississippi Jerry L. Ganey Jr., 29, Folkston, Georgia Jason N. Lynch, 21, St. Croix, Virgin Islands Uday Singh, 21, Lake Forest, Illinois Jeffrey C. Walker, 33, Havre de Grace, Maryland Laura M. Walker, 24, Texas. Jonathan L. Gifford, 30, Decatur, Illinois Dean P. Pratt, 22, Stevensville, Montana Paul A. Velazquez, 29, San Diego Paul D. Karpowich, 30, Bridgeport, Pennsylvania Cody S. Calavan, 19, Lake Stevens, Washington Mathew V. Gibbs, 21, Ambrose, Georgia Christopher D. Mabry, 19, Chunky, Mississippi Aaron J. Sissel, 22, Tipton, Iowa Thomas A. Walkup, Jr., 25, Millville, New Jersey Travis M. Arndt, 23, Bozeman, Montana Kyle C. Gilbert, 20, Brattleboro, Vermont Kelley S. Prewitt, 24, Birmingham, Alabama David M. Vicente, 25, Methuen, Massachusetts Robert D. O’Dell, 38, Manassas, Virginia Juan Calderon Jr., 26, Weslaco, Texas Charles H. Warren, 36, Duluth, Georgia Gregory E. MacDonald, 29, Washington, D.C. Christopher A. Sisson, 20, Oak Park, Illinois Donald Ralph Walters, 33, Salem, Oregon Mike T. Sonoda Jr., 34, Fallbrook, California Benjamin L. Gilman, 28, Meriden Connecticut Bruce E. Price, 37, Maryland Johnny Villareal Mata, 35, Pecos, Texas William W. Jacobsen Jr., 31, Charlotte, North Carolina Charles T. Caldwell, 38, North Providence, Rhode Island William Brett Wightman, 22, Sabina, Ohio Vorn J. Mack, 19, Orangeburg, South Carolina David Sisung, 21, Phoenix Howard A. Walters, 33, Port Huron, Michigan Kevin M. Jones, 21, Washington, North Carolina Cornell W. Gilmore I, 45, Baltimore, Maryland Jason Profitt, 23, Charlestown, Maryland Scott M. Vincent, 21, Bokoshe, Oklahoma Raleigh C. Smith, 21, Lincoln, Montana Nathaniel A. Caldwell, 27, Omaha, Nebraska Kevin G. Waruinge, 22, Tampa, Florida Joseph B. Maglione, 22, Lansdale, Pennsylvania Nicholas M. Skinner, 20, Davenport, Iowa Jason M. Ward, 25, Tulsa, Oklahoma Scott P. McLaughlin, 29, Hardwick, Vermont Ronald A. Ginther, 37, Auburndale, Florida Brian C. Prosser, 28, Frazier Park California Kimberly A. Voelz, 27, Carlisle, Pennsylvania James R. Phillips, 21, Hillsboro, Florida Joseph Camara, 40, New Bedford, Massachusetts Edward A. Schroeder II, 23, Columbus, Ohio William J. Maher III, 35, Yardley, Pennsylvania Brian D. Slavenas, 30, Genoa, Illinois Nachez Washalanta, 21, Bryan, Oklahoma Andrew J. Derrick, 25, Columbia, South Carolina Jesse A. Givens, 34, Springfield, Missouri Brandon Michael Read, 21, Greeneville, Tennessee Thai Vue, 22, Willows, California Eric Hillenburg, 21, Marion, Indiana Michael C. Campbell, 34, Marshfield, Missouri Aaron H. Reed, 21, Chillicothe, Ohio Toby W. Mallet, 26, Kaplan, Louisiana Antonio J. Sledd, 20, Hillsborough, Florida Christopher B Wasser, 21, Ottawa, Kansas Paul C. Neubauer, 40, Oceanside, California Michael T. Gleason, 25, Warren, Pennsylvania Jaror C. Puello-Coronado, 36, Pocono Summit, Brandon J. Wadman, 19, West Palm Beach, Florida Christopher W. Barnett, 32, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Ryan M. Campbell, 25, Kirksville, Missouri Grant B. Fraser, 22, Anchorage, Alaska Michael Maltz, 42, St. Petersburg, Florida Brandon Ulysses Sloan, 19, Bedford Heights, Ohio Kendall Damon Waters-Bey, 29, Baltimore Brian E. Dunlap, 34, Vista, California Todd J. Godwin, 21, Muskingum County, Ohio Pennsylvania Michael B. Wafford, 20, Spring, Texas Brian P. Parrello, 19, WestMilford, New Jersey Marvin A. Camposiles, 25, Austell, Georgia Michael J. Cifuentes, 25, Fairfield, Ohio Curtis Mancini, 43, Fort Lauderdale, Florida Thomas J. Slocum, 22, Thornton, Colorado William R. Watkins III, 37, Danville, Virginia James E. Estep, 26, Leesburg, Florida James Michael Goins, 23, Bonner Springs, Kansas Michael B. Quinn, 37, Tampa, Florida Christopher A. Wagener, 24, Fairview Heights, Illinois Jeff LeBrun, 21, Buffalo, N. Y. Isaac Campoy, 21, Douglas, Arizona David S. Stewart, 24, Bogalusa, Louisiana Ian D. Manuel, 23, Florida Corey L. Small, 20, East Berlin, Pennsylvania Christopher E. Watts, 28, Knoxville, Tennessee Travis J. Grigg, 24, Inola, Oklahoma Christopher A. Golby, 26, Johnstown, Pennsylvania Richard P. Ramey, 27, Canton, Ohio Gregory L. Wahl, 30, Salisbury, North Carolina Pedro A. Munoz, 47, Aquada, Puerto Rico Ervin Caradine Jr., 33, Memphis, Tennessee David Kenneth J. Kreuter, 26, Cincinnati, Ohio Pablo Manzano, 19, Heber, California Keith L. Smette, 25, Fargo, North Dakota Aaron A. Weaver, 32, Florida Matthew J. Holley, 21, San Diego, Californa David J. Goldberg, 20, Layton, Utah Christopher Ramirez, 34, McAllen, Texas Allan K. Walker, 28, Lancaster, California Jeremy R. Wright, 31, Shelbyville, Indiana Adolfo C. Carballo, 20, Houston Justin F. Hoffman, 27, Delaware, Ohio Paul C. Mardis Jr., 25, Palmetto, Florida Benedict J. Smith, 29, Monroe City, Missouri Douglas J. Weismantle, 28, Pittsburgh James S. Ochsner, 36, Waukegan, Illinois Nicholes D. Golding, 24, Addison, Maine Eric U. Ramirez, 31, San Diego, Calif Jeffrey C. Walker, 33, Havre de Grace, Maryland Thomas E. Houser, 22, CouncilBluffs, Iowa Michael M. Carey, 20, Prince George, Virginia Bradley J. Harper, 25, Dresden, Ohio Douglas Jose Marenco Reyes, 28, Chino, California Brandon C. Smith, 20, Washington, Arkansas Michael Russell Creighton Weldon, 20, Conyers, Georgia Nickolas D. Schiavoni, 26, Haverhill, Massachusetts Shane L. Goldman, 20, Orange, Texas William C. Ramirez, 19, Portland, Oregon Thomas A. Walkup, Jr., 25, Millville, New Jersey Bennie J. Washington, 25, Atlanta Richard P. Carl, 26, King Hill, Idaho Nicholas William B. Bloem, 20, Belgrade, Montona Giovanny Maria, 19, Queens, New York City Bruce A. Smith, 41, West Liberty, Iowa Larry L. Wells, 22, Mount Hermon, Louisiana Alexis Roman-Cruz, 33, Brandon, Florida Armando Ariel Gonzalez, 25, Hileah, Florida Christopher Ramos, 26, Albuquerque, N.M Donald Ralph Walters, 33, Salem, Oregon Curtis L. WootenIII, 20, Spanaway, Washington Ryan G. Carlock, 25, Macomb, Illinois Eric J. Bernholtz, 23, Grove City, Ohio Jude C. Mariano, 39, Vallejo, California Darrell L. Smith, 28, Otwell, Indiana Stephen M. Wells, 29, North Egremont, Massachusetts Roger W. Deeds, 24, Biloxi, Mississippi Benjamin R. Gonzalez, 23, Los Angeles, California Tamarra J. Ramos, 24, Quakertown, Pennsylvania Howard A. Walters, 33, Port Huron, Michigan Joshua S. Marcum, 33, EveningShade, Arkansas Benjamin R. Carman, 20, Jefferson, Iowa Timothy M. Bell Jr., 22, West Chesterfield, Ohio Atanacio Haro Marin, 27, Baldwin Park, California Edward Smith, 38, Chicago, Illinois Jeffrey M. Wershow, 22, Gainesville, Florida John A. Lucente, 19, Grass Valley, California Jesus A. Gonzalez, 22, Indio, California Brandon Ramsey, 21, Calumet City, Illinois Jason M. Ward, 25, Tulsa, Oklahoma Jeremy W. McHalffey, 28, Mabelvale, Arkansas Edward W. Carman, 27 McKeesport, Pennsylvania Chad J. Simon, 32, Madison, Wisconsin James E. Marshall, 19, Tulsa, Oklahoma Eric A. Smith, 41, Rochester, New York Christopher J. Rivera Wesley, 26, Portland, Oregon Jeffry A. Rogers, 21, Oklahoma City Jorge A. Gonzalez, 20, Los Angeles, California Edmond L. Randle, 26, Miami, Florida, Florida Nachez Washalanta, 21, Bryan, Oklahoma Jimmy D. Buie, 43, Floral, Arkansas Jocelyn L. Carrasquillo, 28, Wrightsville Beach, North Theodore Clark Jr., 31, Emporia, Virginia John W. Marshall, 50, Los Angeles, California Jeremiah D. Smith, 25, Odessa, Missouri James G. West, 34, Watertown, New York Joshua J. Ware, 20, Apache, Oklahoma Jose Franci Gonzalez Rodriguez, 19, Norwalk, California Cleston C. Raney, 20, Rupert, Idaho Christopher B Wasser, 21, Ottawa, Kansas Cory R. Depew, 21, BeechGrove, Indiana Carolina Nils G. Thompson, 19, Confluence, Pennsylvania Ryan A. Martin, 22, Mount Vernon, Ohio John D. Smith, 32, Nevada Donald L. Wheeler, 22 Concord, Michigan Jeremy E. Murray, 27, Atwater, Ohio Rodrigo Gonzalez-Garza, 26, Texas Omead H. Razani, 19, Los Angeles, California Kendall Damon Waters-Bey, 29, Baltimore Julio C. Cisneros Alvarez, 22, Pharr, Texas Frank T. Carvill, 51, Carlstadt, New Jersey Damian J. Garza, 19, Odessa, Texas Francisco A. Martinez Flores, 21, Los Angeles, California Matthew R. Smith, 20, Anderson, Indiana Mason Douglas Whetstone, 30, Ogden, Utah Donald R. McGlothlin, 26, Lebanon, Virginia Bernard G. Gooden, 22, Mt. Vernon, New York Gregory A Ratzlaff, 36, Olympia, Washington William R. Watkins III, 37, Danville, Virginia Zachariah S. Davis, 25, TwentyninePalms, California Jose Casanova, 23, El Monte, California John M. Henderson Jr., 21, Columbus, Georgia Francisco Martinez, 28, Humacao, Puerto Rico Michael J. Smith Jr., 21, Jefferson, Ohio Marquis A. Whitaker, 20, Columbus, Georgia Ivan V. Alarcon, 23, Jerome, Idaho Gregory R. Goodrich, 37, Bartonville, Illinois Rel A. Ravago IV, 21, Glendale, California Christopher E. Watts, 28, Knoxville, Tennessee Warren A. Murphy, 29, Marrero, Louisiana Christopher S. Cash, 36, Winterville, North Carolina Terry W. Ball Jr., 36, East Peoria, Illinois Jesse J. Martinez, 20, Tracy, California Orenthial J. Smith, 21, Allendale, South Carolina Aaron Dean White, 27, Shawnee, Oklahoma Vernon R. Widner, 34, Redlands, California Richard S. Gottfried, 42, Lake Ozark, Missouri Ryan E. Reed, 20, Colorado Springs, Colorado Aaron A. Weaver, 32, Florida Armand L. Frickey, 20, Houma, Louisiana Ahmed A. Cason, 24, McCalla, Alabama Brett E. Walden, 40, Fort Walton Beach, Florida Jacob D. Martir, 21, Norwich, Connecticut Paul R. Smith, 33, Tampa, Florida Nathan D. White, 30, Mesa, Arizona Luis R. Reyes, 26, Aurora, Colorado Richard A. Goward , 32, Midland, Michigan Tatjana Reed, 34, Fort Campbell, Kentucky Douglas J. Weismantle, 28, Pittsburgh Huey P. L. Fassbender, 24, LaPlace, Louisiana James A. Casper, 20, Coolidge, Texas Robert V. Derenda, 42, Ledbetter, Kentucky Arthur S. Mastrapa, 35, Apopka, Florida Brian D. Smith, 30, McKinney, Texas Russell P. White, 19, Dagsboro, Delaware Anthony A. Gaunky, 19, Sparta, Wisconsin Jeffrey C. Graham, 24, Elizabethtown, Kentucky Christopher J. Reed, 20, Craigmont, Idaho Michael Russell Creighton Weldon, 20, Conyers, Georgia Bradley J. Bergeron, 25, Houma, Louisiana Paul J. Cassidy, 36, Laingsburg, Michigan Chase J. Comley, 21, Lexington, Kentucky Clint Richard Matthews, 31, Bedford, Pennsylvania Christopher F. Soelzer, 26, South Dakota Steven W. White, 29, Lawton, Oklahoma Anthony R. C. Yost, 39, Flint, Michigan Jamie A. Gray, 29, Monpelier, Vermont Edward T. Reeder, 32, Camp Verde, Arizona Larry L. Wells, 22, Mount Hermon, Louisiana Christopher J. Babin, 27, Houma, Louisiana Roland L. Castro, 26, San Antonio, Texas Brahim J. Jeffcoat, 25, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Matthew E. Matula, 20, Spicewood, Texas Jesus A. Suarez del Solar, 20, Escondido, California William W. White, 24, Brooklyn, New York Christopher M. Alcozer, 21, DeKalb, Illinois Michael J. Gray, 32, Richmond, Virginia Aaron T. Reese, 31, Reynoldsburg, Ohio Stephen M. Wells, 29, North Egremont, Massachusetts Kurt J. Comeaux, 34, Raceland, La Sean K. Cataudella, 28, Tucson, Arizona Kurt E. Krout, 43, Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania Jamie O. Maugans, 27, Derby, Kansas Roderic A. Solomon, 32, Fayetteville, North Carolina Chase R. Whitham, 21, Oregon Michael J. Idanan, 21, Chula Vista, California Tommy L. Gray, 34, Roswell, New Mexico Randall S. Rehn, 36, Longmont, Colorado Jeffrey M. Wershow, 22, Gainesville, Florida Kenneth G. Vonronn, 20, Bloomingburg, N. Y. Thomas D. Caughman, 20, Lexington, South Carolina Seferino J. Reyna, 20, Phoenix, Arizona Donald C. May Jr., 31, Richmond, Virginia Armando Soriano, 20, Houston Michael J. Wiesemann , 20, North Judson, Indiana Miguel Terrazas, 20, El Paso, Texas Torrey L. Gray, 19, Patoka, Illinois Brendon C. Reiss, 23, Natrona, Wyoming Christopher J. Rivera Wesley, 26, Portland, Oregon Daniel F. Guastaferro, 27, LasVegas James W. Cawley, 41, Roy, Utah Christopher M. Falkel, 22, Highlands Ranch, Colorado Joseph P. Mayek, 20, Rock Springs, Wyoming Kenneth C. Souslin, 21, Mansfield, Ohio Joshua S. Wilfong, 22, Walker, W.Virginia Dennis W. Zilinski, 23, Freehold, New Jersey Jeffrey G. Green, 20, Dallas, Texas George S. Rentschler, 31, Louisville, Kentucky James G. West, 34, Watertown, New York Dwayne J. McFarlaneJr., 20, CassLake, Minnesota Manuel A. Ceniceros, 23, Santa Ana, California Ramon E. Gonzales Cordova, 30, Davie, Florida Patrick R. McCaffrey Sr., 34, Tracy, California Philip I. Spakosky, 25, Browns Mill, New Jersey Eugene Williams, 24, Highland, New York Edward Karolasz, 25, Powder Springs, New Jersey David S. Greene, 39, Raleigh, North Carolina Thomas E. Retzer, 30, San Diego, California Donald L. Wheeler, 22 Concord, Michigan Joseph E. Fite, 23, RoundRock, Texas Doron Chan, 20, Highland, New York Hernando Rios, 29, Queens, New York Daniel B. McClenney, 19, Shelbyville, Tennessee Christopher J. Speer, 28, Albuquerque New Mexico Michael J. Williams, 31, Yuma, Arizona Jonathan F. Blair, 21, Fort Wayne, Indiana Kyle A. Griffin, 20, Emerson, New Jersey Ramon Reyes Torres, 29, Caguas, Puerto Rico Mason Douglas Whetstone, 30, Ogden, Utah Robert W. SweeneyIII, 22, Pineville, Louisiana Kemaphoom A. Chanawongse, 22, Waterford, Connecticut Anthony N. Kalladeen, 26, Purchase, New York Daniel G. McCollum, 29, Irmo, South Carolina Michael R. Speer, 24, Davenport, Iowa Taft V. Williams, 29, New Orleans Dominic J. Hinton, 24, Jacksonville, Texas Patrick Lee Griffin Jr., 31, Elgin, South Carolina Yadir G. Reynoso, 27, Wapato, Washington Marquis A. Whitaker, 20, Columbus, Georgia William F. Manuel, 34, Kinder, Louisiana James A. Chance III, 25, Kokomo, Mississippi Ryan S. Ostrom, 25, Liberty, Pennsylvania Erik. S. McCrae, 25, Portland, Oregon Trevor Spink, 36, Farmington, Missouri Michael L. Williams, 46, Buffalo, New York Tyler J. Troyer, 21, Tangent, Oregon Sean R. Grilley, 24, San Bernardino, California Sean C. Reynolds, 25, East Lansing, Michigan Aaron Dean White, 27, Shawnee, Oklahoma Michael J. Smith, 24, Media, Pennsylvania William D. Chaney, 59, Schaumburg, Illinois Miguel Carrasquillo, 25, River Grove, Illinois Brad P. McCormick, 23, Overton, Tennessee Christopher J. Splinter, 43, Platteville, Wisconsin Christopher R. Willoughby, 29, Phenix City, Alabama Dominic J. Sacco, 32, Albany, New York Juan Guadalupe Garza Jr., 20, Temperance, Michigan Rafael Reynosa Suarez, 28, Santa Ana, California Nathan D. White, 30, Mesa, Arizona Juan R. Rodriguez Velasco, 23, El Cenizo, Texas Robert William Channell Jr., 36, Tuscaloosa, Alabama Francis J. Straub Jr., 24, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Donald R. McCune, 20, Ypsilanti, Michigan Marvin R. Sprayberry III, 24, Tehachapi, California Charles L. Wilkins III, 38, Columbus, Ohio Emory J. Turpin, 23, Dahlonega, Georgia Joseph R. Guerrera, 20, Dunn, North Carolina Demetrius L. Rice, 24, Ortonville, New Mexico Russell P. White, 19, Dagsboro, Delaware Matthew W. Holloway, 21, Fulton, Texas John A. Chapman, 36, Waco Texas Gennaro Pellegrini Jr., 31, Philadelphia. Pennsylvania William L. McDaniel II, 29, Greeneville, Ohio Bryan Nicholas Spry, 19, Chestertown, Maryland Dana N. Wilson, 26, Fountain, Colorado John W. Dearing, 21, Hazel Park, Michigan Hans N. Gukeisen, 31, Lead, South Dakota Ariel Rico, 25, El Paso, Texas Steven W. White, 29, Lawton, Oklahoma Gunnar D. Becker, 19, Forestburg, S. D. Nathan R. Chapman, 31, San Antonio, Texas John Kulick, 35, Harleysville, Pennsylvania Dustin K. McGaugh, 20, Derby, Kansas Michael B. Stack, 48, Lake City, South Carolina Jerry L. Wilson, 45, Thomson, Georgia Matthew P. Steyart, 21, Mount Shasta, California Christian D. Gurtner, 19, Ohio City, Ohio Jeremy L. Ridlen, 23, Clinton, Illinois William W. White, 24, Brooklyn, New York Brian A. Mack, 36, Phoenix Jason K. Chappell, 22, Hemet, California Nathaniel E. Detample, 19, Morrisville, Pennsylvania Holly J. McGeogh, 19, Taylor, Michigan John Stein, 39, Bardolph, Illinois Joe N. Wilson, 30, Crystal Springs, Mississippi Denis J. Gallardo, 22, St. Petersburg, Florida Jose Gutierrez, 22, Los Angeles, California Juan M. Ridout, 36, Maple Tree, Washington Chase R. Whitham, 21, Oregon Paul C. HolterIII, 21, CorpusChristi, Texas Jonathan M. Cheatham, 19, Camden, Arkansas Christopher M. Katzenberger, 25, St. Louis, Missouri Brian McGinnis, 23, St. Georges, Delaware Robert A. Stever, 36, Pendleton, Oregon Trevor A. Win’E, 22, Orange, California Aram J. Bass, 25, Niagara Falls, New York Kelvin E.F. Gutierrez, 21, Anasco, Puerto Rico Diego Fernando Rincon, 19, Conyers, Georgia Michael J. Wiesemann , 20, North Judson, Indiana Jayton D. Patterson, 26, Sedley, Virginia Steven Checo, 22, New York, New York Evenor C. Herrera, 22, Gypsum, Colorado Michael A. McGlothin, 21, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Gregory Stone, 40, Boise, Idaho Jeannette L. Winters, 25, Gary, Indiana William B. Meeuwsen, 24, Kingwood, Texas Richard W. Hafer, 21, Cross Lanes, W.Virginia Duane R. Rios, 25, Griffith, Indiana Joshua S. Wilfong, 22, Walker, W.Virginia Nathaniel T. Swindell, 24, Bronx, N. Y. Yihjyh L. Chen, 31, Saipan, Marianas Protectorate Michael A. Benson, 40, Winona, Minnesota Scott R. McHugh, 33, Boca Raton Florida Kristofor T. Stonesifer, 28, Missoula, Montana William J. Wiscowiche, 20, Victorville, California Allen J. Knop, 22, Willowick, Ohio Charles G. Haight, 23, Jacksonville, Alabama Russell B. Rippetoe, 27, Arvada, Colo Eugene Williams, 24, Highland, New York Alain L. Kamolvathin, 21, Blairstown, New Jersey Marcus M. Cherry, 18, Imperial, California Jeremy A. Chandler, 30, Clarksville, Tennessee Joshua McIntosh, 22, Kingman, Arizona Matthew R. Stovall, 25, Horn Lake, Mississippi Robert A. Wise, 21, Tallahassee, Florida Ryan D. Christensen, 22, Spring Lake Heights, New Jersey David E. Hall, 21, Uniontown, Kansas Jose A. Rivera, 34, Bayamon, Puerto Rico Michael J. Williams, 31, Yuma, Arizona Francis C. Obaji, 21, QueensVillage, N. Y. Craig W. Cherry, 39, Winchester, Virginia Edward R. Heselton, 23, Easley, South Carolina David M. McKeever, 25, Buffalo, New York William R. Strange, 19, Adrian, Georgia Phillip L. Witkowski, 24, Fredonia, New York Eric P. Pearrow, 40, Peoria, Illinois Deryk L. Hallal, 24, Indianapolis, Indiana John T. Rivero, 23, Tampa, Florida Taft V. Williams, 29, New Orleans George R. Geer, 27, Cortez, Colorado Therrel S. Childers, 30, Harrison County, Mississippi David L. Giaimo, 24, Waukegan, Illinois Eric S. McKinley, 24, Corvallis, Oregon Kirk Allen Straseskie, 23, Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Michelle M. Witmer, 20, New Berlin, Wisconsin Javier A. Villanueva, 25, Temple, Texas Jesse M. Halling, 19, Indianapolis, Indiana Frank K. Rivers Jr., 23, Woodbridge, Virginia Michael L. Williams, 46, Buffalo, New York Thomas E. Vitagliano, 33, NewHaven, Connecticut Andrew F. Chris, 25, San Diego Rusty W. Bell, 21, Pocahontas, Arkansas Robert L. McKinley, 23, Kokomo, Indiana Brandon C. Sturdy, 19, Urbandale, Iowa Owen D. Witt, 20, Sand Springs, Montana Steven C. Reynolds, 32, Jordan, New York Erik A. Halvorsen, 40, Bennington, Vermont Henry C. Risner, 26, Golden, Colorado Christopher R. Willoughby, 29, Phenix City, Alabama Jesus Fonseca Jr., 19, Marietta, Georgia Thomas W. Christensen, 42, Atlantic Mine, Michigan Brian K. Derks , 21, White Cloud, Minnesota Don S. McMahan, 31, Nashville, Tennessee William R. Sturges Jr., 24, Spring Church, Pennsylvania James R. Wolf, 21, Scottsbluff, Nebraska Marc A. Delgado, 21, Lithia, Florida Kimberly N. Hampton, 27, Easley, South Carolina Thomas D. Robbins, 27, Schenectady, New York Charles L. Wilkins III, 38, Columbus, Ohio Christopher J. Sullivan, 29, Princeton, Massachusetts Brett T. Christian, 27, North Royalton, Ohio Toccara R. Green, 23, Rosedale, Maryland Heath A. McMillin, 29, Canandaigua, New York Paul J. Sturino, 21, Rice Lake, Wisconsin Jeremy L. Wolfe, 27, Wisconsin Gregory L. Tull, 20, Pocahontas, Iowa Michael S. Hancock, 29, Yreka, California Todd J. Robbins, 33, Pentwater, Michigan Dana N. Wilson, 26, Fountain, Colorado Joe F. LuskII, 25, Reedley, California Arron R. Clark, 20, Chico, California Shannon D. Taylor, 30, Smithville, Tennessee Spence A. McNeil, 19, Bennettsville, Texas Joseph D. Suell, 24, Lufkin, Texas Elijah Tai Wah Wong, 42, Mesa, Arizona Brett E. Angus, 40, St. Paul, Minnesota Fernando B. Hannon, 19, Wildomar, Calif Lizbeth Robles, 31, Vega Baja, Puerto Rico Jerry L. Wilson, 45, Thomson, Georgia Kyle W. Childress, 29, TerreHaute, Indiana Michael J. Clark, 29, Leesburg Lake, Florida Gary L. Reese Jr., 22, Ashland City, Tennessee Brian M. McPhillips, 25, Pembroke, Massachusetts John R. Sullivan, 26, Countryside, Illinois Brian M. Wood, 21, Torrance, California Donald J. Hasse, 28, Wichita Falls, Texas Warren S. Hansen, 36, Clintonville, Wisconsin Anthony P. Roberts, 18, Bear, Delaware Joe N. Wilson, 30, Crystal Springs, Mississippi Nainoa K. Hoe, 27, Kailua, Hawaii Herbert R. Claunch, 58, Wetumpka, Alabama Asbury F. Hawn II, 35, Lebanon, Tennessee Irving Medina, 22, Middletown, New York Narson B. Sullivan , 21, North Brunswick, New Jersey George A. Wood, 33, New York, New York Jerry W. Mills Jr., 23, Arkansas City, Kansas James W. Harlan, 44, Owensboro, Kentucky Bob W. Roberts, 30, Newport, Oregon Trevor A. Win’E, 22, Orange, California Jose C. Rangel, 43, Saratoga, California Shawn M. Clemens, 28, Allegany, New York Jeffrey A. Boskovitch, 25, Seven Hills, Ohio Kenneth A. Melton, 30, Westplains, Missouri Vincent M. Sullivan, 23, Chatham, New JerseyAllan M. Roy A. Wood, 47, Alva, Florida Grzegorz Jakoniuk, 25, Schiller Park, Illinois William M. Harrell, 30, Placentia, California Neil C. Roberts, 32, Woodland, California Jeannette L. Winters, 25, Gary, Indiana Leonard W. Adams, 42, Mooresville, N. C. Donald J. Cline Jr., 21, Washoe, Nevada Roger D. Castleberry Jr., 26, Austin, Texas Fernando A. Mendezaceves, 27, Ponce, Puerto Rico Cundanga Espiritu, 28, Oxnard, California Michael R. Woodliff, 22, Port Charlotte, Florida William G. Taylor, 26, Macon, Georgia Stanley L. Harriman, 34, Wade, North Carolina Robert D. Roberts, 21, Winter Park, Florida William J. Wiscowiche, 20, Victorville, California Brett D. Swank, 21, Northumberland, Pennsylvania Christopher R. Cobb, 19, Bradenton, Florida David J. Coullard, 32, Glastonbury, Connecticut Joseph Menusa, 33, San Jose, California Daniel R. Scheile, 37, Antioch, California James C. Wright, 27, Morgan, Texas Joshua D. Snyder, 20, Hampstead, Maryland Kenneth W. Harris Jr., 23, Charlotte, Tennessee Joseph E. Robsky Jr., 31, Elizaville, New York Robert A. Wise, 21, Tallahassee, Florida Jesse W. Strong, 24, Irasburg, Vermont Kyle W. Codner, 19, Wood River, Nebraska Daniel N. Deyarmin Jr., 22, Tallmadge, Ohio Eddie E. Menyweather, 35, Los Angeles, California Patrick D. Stewart, 35, Fernley, Nevada Jason G. Wright, 19, Luzerne, Michigan William D. Richardson, 30, Houston, Texas Torry D. Harris, 21, Chicago, Illinois Moses D. Rocha, 33, Roswell, New Mexico Phillip L. Witkowski, 24, Fredonia, New York Michael L. StarrJr. , 21, Baltimore Christopher D. Coffin, 51, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Brian P. Montgomery, 26, Willoughby, Ohio Gil Mercado, 25, Paterson, New Jersey Kenneth G. Ross, 24, Peoria, Arizona John T. Wroblewski, 25, Oak Ridge, New Jersey Brent A. Adams, 40, West View, Pennsylvania Leroy Harris-Kelly, 20, Azusa, California Marlin T. Rockhold, 23, Hamilton, Ohio Michelle M. Witmer, 20, New Berlin, Wisconsin Nathan A. Schubert, 22, Cherokee, Iowa Walter F. Cohee III, 26, Wicomico, Maryland Nathaniel S. Rock, 26, Toronto, Ohio Michael M. Merila, 23, Sierra Vista, Arizona John M. Flynn, 36, Sparks, Nevada Stephen E. Wyatt, 19, Kilgore, Texas Daniel J. Clay, 27, Pensacola, Florida John D. Hart, 20, Bedford, Massachusetts Robert M. Rodriguez, 21, Queens, New York Owen D. Witt, 20, Sand Springs, Montana Gael Saintvil, 24, Orange, Florida Bradli N. Coleman, 19, Ford City, Pennsylvania James R. Graham III, 25, Coweta, Oklahoma Daniel K. Methvin, 22, Belton, Texas Tane T. Baum, 30, Pendleton, Oregon Michael E. Yashinski, 24, Monument, Colorado John M. Holmason, 20, Suprise, Arizona Nathaniel Hart Jr., 29, Valdosta, Georgia Philip G. Rogers, 23, Gresham, Oregon James R. Wolf, 21, Scottsbluff, Nebraska Nathaniel K. Moore, 22, Champaign, Illinois Gary B. Coleman, 24, Pikeville, Kentucky James D. McNaughton, 27, Middle Village, New York Jason M. Meyer, 23, Swartz Creek, Michigan Adrian B. Stump, 22, Pendleton, Oregon Henry Ybarra III, 32, Austin, Texas David A. Huhn, 24, Portland, Michigan David A. Hartman, 41, Akron, Michigan Daniel A. Romero, 30, Lafayette, Colorado Jeremy L. Wolfe, 27, Wisconsin Tony L. Hernandez, 22, CanyonLake, Texas Benjamin J. Colgan, 30, Kent, Washington Thomas C. Hull, 41, Princeton, Illinois Eliu A. Miersandoval, 27, San Clemente, California Shawn A. Graham, 34, Red Oak, Texas Rodricka A. Youmans, 22, Allendale, South Carolina Adam W. Kaiser, 19, Naperville, Illinois Jonathan N. Hartman, 27, Jacksonville, Florida Robert E. Rooney, 43, Nashua, New Hampshire Elijah Tai Wah Wong, 42, Mesa, Arizona Kyle J. Grimes, 21, Northampton, Pennsylvania Gary L. Collins, 32, Hardin, Texas Adam J. Strain, 20, Smartsville, California Michael G. Mihalakis, 18, San Jose, California Steven A. Valdez, 20, McRea, Arkansas Ryan C. Young, 21, Corona, California Robert A. Martinez, 20, Splendora, Texas Stephen C. Hattamer, 43, Gwinn, Michigan Randal Kent Rosacker, 21, San Diego Brian M. Wood, 21, Torrance, California Richard A. Gilbert Jr., 26, Montgomery, Ohio Jonathan W. Collins, 19, Crystal Lake, Illinois Christopher J. Dyer, 19, Cincinnati Matthew G. Milczark, 18, Kettle River, Minnesota Howard Paul Allen, 31, Mesa, Arizona Mark Anthony Zapata, 27, Edinburg, Texas Anthony T. McElveen, 20, Little Falls, Minnesota. Sheldon R. Hawk Eagle, 21, Grand Forks, North Dakota Richard H. Rosas, 21, Saint Louis, Michigan George A. Wood, 33, New York, New York Timothy M. Gibson, 23, Hillsborough, N. H. Lawrence S. Colton, 32, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Jerry L. Ganey Jr., 29, Folkston, Georgia Jason David Mileo, 20 Centreville, Maryland Andrew P. Wallace, 25, Oshkosh, Wisconsin Andrew J. Zabierek, 25, Chelmsford, Massachusetts Scott T. Modeen, 24, Hennepin, Minnesota. Nathan P. Hays, 21, Wilbur, Washington Scott C. Rose, 30, Fayetteville, North Carolina Roy A. Wood, 47, Alva, Florida Travis J. Fuller, 26, Granville, Massachusetts Zeferino E. Colunga, 20, Bellville, Texas Charles H. Warren, 36, Duluth, Georgia Anthony S. Miller, 19, San Antonio, Texas Michael J. Wendling, 20, Mayville, Wisconsin Nicholaus E. Zimmer, 20, Columbus, Ohio Andrew G. Patten, 19, Byron, Illinois Timothy L. Hayslett, 26, Newville, Pennsylvania Victor A. Rosales-Lomeli, 29, Westminster, California Michael R. Woodliff, 22, Port Charlotte, Florida Michael W. FinkeJr. , 28, Huron, Ohio Robert E. Colvill, Jr., 31, Anderson, Indiana William Brett Wightman, 22, Sabina, Ohio Bruce Miller Jr., 23, Orange, New Jersey Elijah M. Ortega, 19, Oxnard, California Robert P. Zurheide Jr., 20, Tucson, Arizona Andy A. Stevens, 29, Tomah, Wisconsin Brian D. Hazelgrove, 29, Fort Rucker, Alabama Randy S. Rosenberg, 23, Berlin, New Hampshire James C. Wright, 27, Morgan, Texas Brian D. Bland, 26, Weston, Wyoming Matthew A. Commons, 21, Boulder City, North Virginia Kevin G. Waruinge, 22, Tampa, Florida Craig N. Watson, 21, Union City, Michigan David M. Heath, 30, LaPorte, Indiana Lawrence A. Roukey, 33, Westbrook, Maine Jason G. Wright, 19, Luzerne, Michigan Joseph B. Spence, 24, ScottsValley, California Philip L. Travis, 41, Snellville, Georgia Justin W. Hebert, 20, Arlington, Washington Marco D. Ross, 20, Memphis, Tennessee John T. Wroblewski, 25, Oak Ridge, New Jersey Matthew R. Smith, 24, WestValley, Utah Philip A. Dodson, Jr., 42, Forsyth, Georgia Damian L. Heidelberg, 21, Batesville, Mississippi Brandon J. Rowe, 20, Roscoe, Illinois Stephen E. Wyatt, 19, Kilgore, Texas Dustin M. Shumney, 30, Vallejo, California Marcus S. Futrell, 20, Macon, Georgia Raheen Tyson Heighter, 22, Bay Shore, New York Roger D. Rowe, 54, Bon Aqua, Tennessee Michael E. Yashinski, 24, Monument, Colorado Darrell J. Schumann, 25, Hampton, Virginia Jimmy L. Shelton, 21, Lehigh Acres, Florida Jeremy M. Heines, 25, New Orleans Jonathan D. Rozier, 25, Katy, Texas Henry Ybarra III, 32, Austin, Texas Hector Ramos, 20, Aurora, Illinois Richard L. Schild, 40, Tabor, South Dakota Brian R. Hellermann, 35, Freeport, Minnesota Isela Rubalcava, 25, El Paso, Texas Rodricka A. Youmans, 22, Allendale, South Carolina Rhonald D. Rairdan, 20, SanAntonio, Texas Daniel M. Cuka, 27, Yankton, South Dakota Terry W. Hemingway, 39, Willingboro, New Jersey Bruce A. Rushforth Jr., 35, Middleboro, Massachusetts Ryan C. Young, 21, Corona, California Mourad Ragimov, 20, SanDiego, California Thomas C. Siekert, 20, Lovelock, Nevada Matthew C. Henderson, 25, Lincoln, Nebraska John W. Russell, 26, Portland, Texas Mark Anthony Zapata, 27, Edinburg, Texas James L. Moore, 24, Roseburg, Oregon Brian A. Wright, 19, Keensburg, Illinois Robert L. Henderson II, 33, Alvaton, Kentucky Timothy Louis Ryan, 30, Aurora, Illinois Andrew J. Zabierek, 25, Chelmsford, Massachusetts Allan Klein, 34, ClintonTownship, Michigan Joseph P. Bier, 22, Centralia, Washington Kenneth W. Hendrickson, 41, Bismarck, North Dakota Scott A. Saboe, 33, Willow Lake, South Dakota Nicholaus E. Zimmer, 20, Columbus, Ohio Dexter S. Kimble, 30, Houston, Texas Michael C. Taylor, 23, Hockley, Texas Clayton W. Henson, 20, Stanton, Texas Rasheed Sahib, 22, Brooklyn, New York Robert P. Zurheide Jr., 20, Tucson, Arizona Sean P. Kelly, 23, Gloucester, New Jersey Spencer C. Akers, 35, Traverse City, Michigan Armando Hernandez, 22, Hesperia, California Rudy Salas, 20, Baldwin Park, California Joseph C. Thibodeaux, 24, Lafayette, Louisiana Saeed Jafarkhani-Torshizi Jr., 24, Fort Worth, Texas My experience of seeing this list brings to mind my first visit Milton Rivera-Vargas, 55, Boqueron, Puerto Rico Joseph F. Herndon II, 21, Derby, Kansas Edward M. Saltz, 27, Bigfork, Montana Nicholas Wilt, 23, Tampa, Florida Brian C. Hopper, 21, Wynne, Arkansas Kevin J. Smith, 28, Brandon, Florida Edward J. Herrgott, 20, Shakopee, Minnesota Benjamin W. Sammis, 29, Rehobeth, Massachusetts Ronald Winchester, 25, Rockville Center, New York Lyle L. Gordon, 30, Midlothian, Texas Adrian N. Orosco, 26, Corcoran, California Jacob R. Herring, 21, Kirkland, Washington Sonny G. Sampler, 23, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Alan Rowe, 35, Hagerman, Idaho Jonathan E. Etterling, 22, Wheelersburg, Ohio Travis L. Nelson, 41, Anniston, Alabama Julie R. Hickey, 20, Galloway, Ohio Gregory P. Sanders, 19, Hobart, Indiana Nicholas Perez, 19, Austin, Texas Paul C. Alaniz, 32, CorpusChristi, Texas Kenith Casica, 32, Virginia Beach, Virginia Gregory B. Hicks, 35, Duff, Tennessee Leroy Sandoval Jr., 21, Houston Eric L. Knott, 21, Grand Island, Nebraska William S. Kinzer Jr. , 27, Hendersonville, N. C. Clarence L. Floyd Jr., 28, Newark, New Jersey Jason Hicks, 25, Jefferson, South Carolina Matthew J. Sandri, 24, Shamokin, Pennsylvania Ryan M. McCauley, 20, Lewisville, Texas Christopher L. Weaver, 24, Fredericksburg, Virginia Julia V. Atkins, 22, Bossier City, Louisiana Christopher K. Hill, 26, Ventura, California Barry Sanford Sr., 46, Aurora, Colorado Shawna M. Morrison, 26, Champaign, Illinois Karl R. Linn, 20, Chesterfield, Virginia to the Viet Nam Veterans Memorial in Washington D.C. soon Keith A. Bennett, 32, Holtwood, Pennsylvania Stephen D. Hiller, 25, Opelika, Alabama Neil Anthony Santoriello, 24, Verona, Pennsylvania Charles R. Lamb, 23, Casey, Illinois Jonathan W. Bowling, 23, Patrick, Virginia James S. Moudy, 37, Newark, Delaware Keicia M. Hines, 27, Citrus Heights, California Cameron B. Sarno, 43, Waipahu, Hawaii Gary A. Vaillant, 41, Trujillo, Puerto Rico Taylor J. Burk, 21, Amarillo, Texas Curtis A. Mitchell, 28, McConnelsville, Ohio Melissa J. Hobart, 22, Ladson, South Carolina Brandon R. Sapp, 21, Lake Worth, Florida Elvis Bourdon, 36, Youngstown, Ohio Fred L. Maciel, 20, Spring, Texas Lex S. Nelson, 21, Salt Lake City, Utah Nicolas M. Hodson, 22, Smithville, Missouri Scott D. Sather, 29, Clio, Michigan John J. Boria, 29, Broken Arrow, Oklahoma Stephen P. Johnson, 24, Covina, California Jared W. Kubasak, 25, Rocky Mount, Virginia James T. Hoffman, 41, Whitesburg, Kentucky Jeremiah E. Savage, 21, Livingston, Tennessee Devin J. Grella, 21, Medina, Ohio John D. House, 28, Ventura, California Brian C. Karim, 22, Talcott, W. Virginia Christopher J. Holland, 26, Brunswick, Georgia Robert C. Scheetz Jr., 31, Dothan, Alabama Lamont N. Wilson, 20, Lawton, Oklahoma Kevin M. Luna, 26, Oxnard, California James C. Kesinger, 32, Pharr, Texas Lincoln D. Hollinsaid, 27, Malden, Illinois Justin B. Schmidt, 23, Bradenton, Florida Mick R. Bekowsky, 21, Concord, California Robert T. Hendrickson, 24, Broken Bow, Oklahoma Peter J. Navarro, 20, Wildwood, Missouri Aaron N. Holleyman, 26, Glasgow, Montana Jeremiah W. Schmunk, 21, Richland, Washington Joseph C. McCarthy, 21, Concho, California Sean L. Brock, 29, Redondo Beach, California after it was completed in 1982. I went to find the name of Michael B. Presley, 21, Batesville, Mississippi James J. Holmes, 28, East Grand Forks, Minnesota Sean M. Schneider, 22, Janesville, Wisconsin Quinn A. Keith, 21, Page, Arizona Sean P. Maher, 19, Grays Lake, Illinois Timothy R. Boyce, 29, North Salt Lake, Utah Jeremiah J. Holmes, 27, North Berwick, Maine Dustin H. Schrage, 20, Brevard, Florida Derek L. Gardner, 20, San Juan Capistrano, California Sean M. Cooley, 35, Ocean Springs, Mississippi Joseph A. Lucas, 23, Augusta, Georgia Terry Holmes, 22, Hollywood, Florida Mathew E. Schram, 36, Brookfield, Wisconsin David P. Burridge, 19, Lafayette, Louisiana Richard C. Clifton, 19, Milford, Delaware John D. Morton, 31, Stanton, Kentucky Antoine J. Holt, 20, Kennesaw, Georgia Christian C. Schulz, 20, Colleyville, Texas Michael J. Allred, 22, Hyde Park, Utah Stephen R. Sherman, 27, Neptune, New Jersey Kenneth B. Pospisil, 35, Andover, Minnesota Sean Horn, 19, Orange, California David A. Scott, 51, Union, Ohio Tomas Garces, 19, Weslaco, Texas Daniel Torres, 23, Fort Worth, Texas Michael S. Zyla, 32, Elgin, Oregon Kelly L. Hornbeck, 36, Fort Worth, Texas Justin A. Scott, 22, Bellevue Kentucky Yoe M. Aneiros, 20, Newark, New Jersey Steven G. Bayow, 42, Colonia Yap, Federated States Adam R. Fales, 21, Cullman, Alabama Jeremy R. Horton, 24, Carneys Point, Pennsylvania Kerry D. Scott, 21, Mount Vernon, Washington Timothy E. Price, 25, Midlothian, Virginia Micronesia Bobby Meeker, a high school buddy of mine who was killed in Samuel Tapia, 20, San Benito, Texas Andrew R. Houghton, 25, Houston Stephen M. Scott, 21, Lawton, Oklahoma Chad H. Drake, 23, Garland, Texas Travis M. Wichlacz, 22, West Bend, Wisconsin Johnnie V. Mason, 32, Rio Vista, Texas Bert. E. Hoyer, 23, Ellsworth, Wisconsin Marc S. Seiden, 26, Brigantine, New Jersey Clarence Adams III, 28, Richmond, Virginia Jeremy O. Allmon, 22, Cleburne, Texas Richard Junior D. Naputi, 24, Talofofo, Guam John R. Howard, 26, Covington, Virginia Christopher Scott Seifert, 27, Easton, Pennsylvania Lauro G. DeLeon Jr., 20, Floresville, Texas Zachary R. Wobler, 24, Ottowa, Ohio Michael J. Cleary, 24, Dallas, Texas, Pennsylvania Corey A. Hubbell, 20, Urbana, Illinois Danton K. Seitsinger, 29, Oklahoma City Jason L. Sparks, 19, Monroeville City, Ohio Jeffrey S. Henthorn, 25, Choctaw, Oklahoma Benjamin T. Britt, 24, Wheeler, Texas Tavon L. Hubbard, 24, Reston, Virginia Dustin M. Sekula, 18, Edinburg, Texas James D. Faulkner, 23, Clarksville, Indiana Richard M. Crane, 25, Independence, Missouri William Lopez-Feliciano, 33, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico Christopher E. Hudson, 21, Carmel, Indiana Matthew K. Serio, 21, North Providence, Rhode Island Michael A. Martinez, 29, Juan Diaz, Puerto Rico Jessica M. Housby, 23, Rock Island, Illinois Regina C. Reali, 25, Freso, California Doyle M. Hufstedler, 25, Abilene, Texas Juan M. Serrano, 31, Manati, Puerto Rico Edgar P. Daclan Jr., 24, Cypress, California Richard A. Perez Jr., 19, Las Vegas, Nevada Aaron M. Forbes, 24, Oak Island, North Carolina Jamie L. Huggins, 26, Hume, Missouri Wentz Jerome Henry Shanaberger III, 33, Naples, Florida David A. Cedergren, 25, South St. Paul, Minnesota William T. Robbins, 31, North Little Rock, Arkansas Binh Duong in 1969. Just as Maya Lin intended when she George A. Lutz, II, 25, Virginia Beach, Virginia Eric R. Hull, 23, Uniontown, Pennsylvania Jeffrey R. Shaver, 26, Maple Valley, Washington Alexander E. Wetherbee, 27, Fairfax, Virginia Robert A. McNail, 30, Meridian, Mississippi Prince K. Teewia, 27, Durham, North Carolina Barton R. Humlhanz, 23, Hellertown, Pennsylvania Casey Sheehan, 24, Vacaville, California Jason T. Poindexter, 20, San Angelo, Texas Kristopher L. Shepherd, 26, Lynchburg, Virginia Shawn C. Dostie, 32, Granite City, Illinois Justin T. Hunt, 22, Riverside, California Kevin F. Sheehan, 36, Milton, Vermont Benjamin W. Isenberg, 27, Sheridan, Oregon Dakotah L. Gooding, 21, Des Moines, Iowa Jonathan R. Pfender, 22, Evansville, Indiana Simeon Hunte, 23, Essex, New Jersey Daniel Michael Shepherd, 23, Elyria, Ohio David J. Weisenburg, 26, Portland, Oregon Rene Knox Jr., 22, New Orleans, Louisiana Ayman A. Taha, 31, Vienna, Virginia Joshua C. Hurley, 24, Clifton Forge, Virginia Anthony L. Sherman, 43, Pottstown, Pennsylvania Mathew D. Puckett, 19, Mason, Texas Chad W. Lake, 26, Ocala, Florida Marcelino R. Corniel, 23, La Puente, California James B. Huston Jr., 22, Umatilla, Oregon Alan D. Sherman, 36, Brick, New Jersey Michael J. Halal, 22, Glendale, Arizona David J.Brangman, 20, Lake Worth, Florida Michael E. McLaughlin, 44, Mercer, Pennsylvania Seth Huston, 19, Perryton, Texas Anissa A. Shero, 31, Grafton, W.V. Dominic C. Brown, 19, Austin, Texas Ray Rangel, 29, San Antonio, Texas designed the memorial, I had to walk past thousands of names Nolen R. Hutchings, 19, Boiling Springs, South Carolina Harry N. Shondee, Jr., 19, Ganado, Arizona Adrian V. Soltau, 21, Milwaukee David J.Salie, 34, Columbus, Georgia . Washington Ray J. Hutchinson, 20, League City, Texas Brad S. Shuder, 21, El Dorado, California Guy S. Hagy Jr., 31, Lodi, California Michael A. Arciola, 20, Elmsford, New York Thomas Mullen Adams, 27, La Mesa, California Gregory P. Huxley Jr., 19, Forestport, New York James A. Shull, 32, California Carl Thomas, 29, Phoenix, AZ Adam J. Plumondore, 22, Gresham, Oregon Jamaal R. Addison, 22, Roswell, Georgia Leslie D. Jackson, 18, Richmond, Virginia Dustin L. Sides, 22, Yakima, Washington Jaygee Meluat, 24, Tamuning, Guam Joseph A. Rahaim, 22, Magnolia, Mississippi Patrick R. Adle, 21, Baltimor Mark Jackson, 40, Glennie, Michigan Erik H. Silva, 22, Chula Vista, California Cesar F. Machado-Olmos, 20, Spanish Fork, Utah Timothy R. Osbey, 34, Magnolia, Mississippi Tristan N. Aitken, 31, State College, Pennsylvania Marlon P. Jackson, 25, Jersey City, New Jersey Sean A. Silva, 23, Roseville, California Jacob H. Demand, 29, Palouse, Washington Christopher M. Pusateri, 21, Corning, New York Phillip R. Albert, 41, Terryville, Connecticut Michael J. Jakes Jr. , 20, Brooklyn New York Leonard D. Simmons, 33, New Bern, North Carolina Kevin M. Shea, 38, Washington, D.C. Katrina L. Bell-Johnson, 32, Orangeburg, South Carolina Nickalous N. Aldrich, 21, Austin, Texas Dennis Jallah Jr., 49, Fayetteville, North Carolina Charles M. Sims, 18, Miami, Florida, Florida, Tyler H. Brown, 26, Atlanta, Georgia Jason R. Hendrix, 28, Claremore, Oklahoma to find Bobby’s, and soon I was dwarfed by the dark and ever Ronald D. Allen Jr., 22, Mitchell, Indiana Scott Jamar, 32, Granbury, Texas John T. Sims Jr., 21, Alexander City, Alabama Drew M. Uhles, 20, DuQuoin, Illinois Justin B. Carter, 21, Mansfield, Missouri Glenn R. Allison, 24, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Evan T. James, 20, La Harpe, Illinois Uday Singh, 21, Lake Forest, Illinois Gregory C. Howman, 28, Charlotte, North Carolina Frank B. Hernandez, 21, Phoenix, Arizona Thomas F. Allison, 22, Tacoma Washington Luke S. James, 24, Hooker, Oklahoma Aaron J. Sissel, 22, Tipton, Iowa Steven A. Rintamaki, 21, Lynnwood, Washington Carlos J. Gil, 30, Orlando, Florida Nicanor Alvarez, 22, San Bernardino, California Joseph A. Jeffries, 21, Beaverton, Oregon Christopher A. Sisson, 20, Oak Park, Illinois Andrew K. Stern, 24, Germantown, Tennessee Kevin M. Clarke, 21, Tinley Park, Illinois Jose Amancio Perez III, 22, San Diego, Texas William A. Jeffries, 39, Evansville, Illinois David Sisung, 21, Phoenix Christopher S. Ebert, 21, Mooresboro, North Carolina Seth R. Trahan, 20, Crowley, Louisianna Daniel R. Amaya, 22, Odessa, Texas Robert B. Jenkins, 35, Stuart, Florida Nicholas M. Skinner, 20, Davenport, Iowa James W. Price, 22, Cleveland, Tennessee Adam Malson, 23, Rochester Hills, Michigan John D. Amos II, 22, Valparaiso, Indiana Troy David Jenkins , 25, Ridgecrest, California Brian D. Slavenas, 30, Genoa, Illinois Thomas C. Rosenbaum, 25, Hope, Arkansas Clinton R. Gertson, 26, Houston, Texas taller wall. There were more than 58,000 Americans killed in Brian E. Anderson, 26, Durham, North Carolina Darius T. Jennings, 22, Cordova, South Carolina Antonio J. Sledd, 20, Hillsborough, Florida Brandon E. Adams, 22, Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania John T. Olson, 21, Elk Grove Village, Illinois Carl L. Anderson Jr., 21, Georgetown, South Carolina Ryan M. Jerabek, 18, Oneida, Wisconsin Brandon Ulysses Sloan, 19, Bedford Heights, Ohio Steven C. T. Cates, 22, Mount Juliet, Tennessee Jesse M. Lhotka, 24, Alexandria, Minnesota Michael C. Anderson, 36, Daytona, Florida Linda C. Jimenez, 39, Brooklyn, New York Thomas J. Slocum, 22, Thornton, Colorado Tony B. Olaes, 30, Walhalla, South Carolina David F. Day, 25, Saint Louis Park, Minnesota Marc A. Anderson, 30, Brandon, Florida Oscar Jimenez, 34, San Diego Corey L. Small, 20, East Berlin, Pennsylvania Robert S. Goodwin, 35, Albany, Georgia Jason G. Timmerman, 24, Tracy, Minnesota Michael Andrade, 28, Bristol, Rhode Island Benjamin Johnson, 21, Rochester, New York Keith L. Smette, 25, Fargo, North Dakota Wesley R. Wells, 21, Libertyville, Illinois Trevor D. Aston, 32, Austin, Texas Evander E. Andrews, 36, Solon, Maine Howard Johnson II, 21, Mobile, Alabama Benedict J. Smith, 29, Monroe City, Missouri Foster L. Harrington, 31, Fort Worth, Texas Nicholas J. Olivier, 26, Ruston, Louisianna Levi T Angell, 20, Saint Louis, Minnesota John P. Johnson, 24, Houston, Texas Brandon C. Smith, 20, Washington, Arkansas Joshua J. Henry, 21, Avonmore, Pennsylvania Jacob C. Palmatier, 29, Springfield, Illinois Edward J. Anguiano, 24, Brownsville, Texas Justin W. Johnson , 22, Rome, Georgia Bruce A. Smith, 41, West Liberty, Iowa Nathan E. Stahl, 20, Highland, Indiana Daniel G. Gresham, 23, Lincoln, Illinois Viet Nam, and Bobby’s name was deep among them. How are Jesus Martin Antonio Medellin, 21, Fort Worth, Tx. Markus J. Johnson, 20, Springfield, Massachusetts Darrell L. Smith, 28, Otwell, Indiana Lance J. Koenig, 33, Fargo, North Dakota Wai P. Lwin, 27, Queens, New York Tamara Archuleta, 23, Los Lunas, New Mexico Maurice J. Johnson, 21, Levittown, Pennsylvania Edward Smith, 38, Chicago, Illinois Skipper Soram, 23, Kolonia Pohnpei, Azhar Ali, 27 Flushing, New York Andrew Todd Arnold , 30, Spring, Texas Michael Vann Johnson Jr., 25, Little Rock, Arkansas Eric A. Smith, 41, Rochester, New York Federated States of Micronesia Robert S. Pugh, 25, Meridian, Mississippi Alexander S. Arredondo, 20, Randolph, Massachusetts Nathaniel H. Johnson, 22, Augusta, Georgia Jeremiah D. Smith, 25, Odessa, Missouri Adam J. Harris, 21, Abilene, Texas Michael D. Jones, 43, Unity, Maine Richard Arriaga, 20, Ganado, Texas Paul J. Johnson, 29, Calumet, Michigan John D. Smith, 32, Nevada Benjamin K. Smith, 24, Carterville, Illinois Juan M. Solorio, 32, Dallas, Texas Jimmy J. Arroyave, 30, Woodland, California Philip A. Johnson Jr., 31,Alabama Matthew R. Smith, 20, Anderson, Indiana Ryan Leduc, 28, Pana, Illinois Adriana N. Salem, 21, Elk Grove Village, Illinois Robert R. Arsiaga, 25, San Antonio, Texas Rayshawn S. Johnson, 20, Brooklyn, New York Michael J. Smith Jr., 21, Jefferson, Ohio Ramon Mateo, 20, Suffolk, New York Wade Michael Twyman, 27, Vista, California we to sense both the scale and these losses and the intensely Evan Asa Ashcraft, 24, West Hills, California Devon D. Jones, 19, San Diego Orenthial J. Smith, 21, Allendale, South Carolina Timothy Folmar, 21, Sonora, Texas Stephen M. McGowan, 26, Newark, Delaware Shawn M. Atkins, 20, Parker, Colorado Darrell Jones, 22, Wellston, Ohio Paul R. Smith, 33, Tampa, Florida Aaron Boyles, 24, Alameda, California Donald W. Eacho, 38, Black Creek, Wisconsin Jay Thomas Aubin, 36, Waterville, Maine Gussie M. Jones, 41, Raleigh, Arkansas Brian D. Smith, 30, McKinney, Texas Robert Oliver Unruh, 25, Tucson, Arizona Sean Grimes, 31, Southfield, Michigan Matthew J. August, 28, Rhode Island Kylan A. Jones-Huffman, 31, Aptos, California Christopher F. Soelzer, 26, South Dakota Clifford L. Moxley Jr., 51, New Castle, Pennsylvania Seth K. Garceau, 27, Oelwein, Iowa Aaron C. Austin, 21, Sunray, Texas Raymond E. Jones Jr., 31, Gainesville, Florida Jesus A. Suarez del Solar, 20, Escondido, California David Wayne Johnson, 37, Portland, Oregon Michael W. Franklin, 22, Coudersport, Pennsylvania Tyanna S. Avery-Felder, 22, Bridgeport, Connecticut Curt E. Jordan, Jr., 25, Greenacres, Washington Roderic A. Solomon, 32, Fayetteville, North Carolina Eric L. Allton, 34, Houston, TX Andrew L. Bossert, 24, Fountain City, Wisconsin Andrew Julian Aviles, 18, Palm Beach, Florida Jason D. Jordan, 24, Elba, Alabama Armando Soriano, 20, Houston Joselito O. Villanueva, 36, Los Angeles, California Matthew A. Koch, 23, West Henrietta, New York Eric A. Ayon, 26, Arleta, California Phillip A. Jordan, 42, Enfield, Connecticut Kenneth C. Souslin, 21, Mansfield, Ohio Kenneth L. Sickels, 20, Apple Valley, California; Alec Mazur, 35, Vernon, New York individual lives that comprise them? However difficult it is, Henry A. Bacon, 45, Wagram, North Carolina Forest J. Jostes, 22, Albion, Illinois Philip I. Spakosky, 25, Browns Mill, New Jersey Gregory A. Cox, 21, Carmichaels, Pa . Donald D. Griffith Jr., 29, Mechanicsville, Iowa Andrew Joseph Baddick, 26, Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania Spencer T. Karol, 20, Woodruff, Arizona Christopher J. Speer, 28, Albuquerque New Mexico Tyler D. Prewitt, 22, Phoenix, AZ Nicholas E. Wilson, 21, Glendale, Arizona Daniel Bader, 28, York, Nebraska Michael G. Karr Jr., 23, San Antonio, Texas Michael R. Speer, 24, Davenport, Iowa Joshua K. Titcomb, 20, Somerset, Kentucky Joshua L. Torrence, 20, Lexington, South Carolina Nathan J. Bailey, 46, Nashville, Tennessee Mark J. Kasecky, 20, McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania Trevor Spink, 36, Farmington, Missouri Alan L. Rogers, 49, Kearns, Utah Ricky A. Kieffer, 36, Ovid, Michigan Ryan T. Baker, 24, Brown Mills, New Jersey Jeffrey J. Kaylor, 24, Clifton, Virginia Christopher J. Splinter, 43, Platteville, Wisconsin Darren J. Cunningham, 40, Groton, Massachusetts Paul M. Heltzel, 39, Baton Rouge, Louisiana Sherwood R. Baker, 30, Plymouth, Pennsylvania Chad L. Keith, 21, Batesville, Indiana Marvin R. Sprayberry III, 24, Tehachapi, California Michael A. Uvanni, 27, Rome, New York Rocky D. Payne, 26, Howell, Utah Chad E. Bales, 20, Coahoma, Texas Bryan P. Kelly, 21, Klamath, Oregon Bryan Nicholas Spry, 19, Chestertown, Maryland Jack T. Hennessy, 21, Naperville, Illinois Shane M. Koele, 25, Wayne, Nebraska we should try. Kenneth Michael Ballard, 26, Mountain View, California Brian Matthew Kennedy, 25, Houston Michael B. Stack, 48, Lake City, South Carolina Christopher S. Potts, 38, Tiverton, Rhode Island Lee A. Lewis Jr., 28, Norfolk, Virginia Matthew W. Bancroft, 29, Redding, California Kyran E. Kennedy, 43, Boston, Massachusetts John Stein, 39, Bardolph, Illinois James L. Pettaway Jr., 37, Baltimore Jonathan A. Hughes, 21, Lebanon, Kentucky Solomon C. Bangayan, 24, Jay, Vermont Morgan D. Kennon, 23, Memphis, Tennessee Robert A. Stever, 36, Pendleton, Oregon Russell L. Collier, 48, Harrison, Arkansas Francisco G. Martinez, 20, Fort Worth, Texas Dominic R. Baragona, 42, Niles, Ohio Christopher J. Kenny, 32, Miami, Florida Gregory Stone, 40, Boise, Idaho Richard L. Morgan Jr., 38, St. Clairsville, Ohio Paul W. Thomason III, 37, Talbot, Tennessee Collier E. Barcus, 21, McHenry, Illinois Jonathan R. Kephart, 21, Oil City, Pennsylvania Kristofor T. Stonesifer, 28, Missoula, Montana Jeungjin Na Kim, 23, Honolulu, Hawaii Kevin S. Smith, 20, Springfield, Ohio Michael C. Barkey, 22, Canal Fulton, Ohio Dallas, Texas L. Kerns, 21, Mountain Grove, Missouri Matthew R. Stovall, 25, Horn Lake, Mississippi Jessica L. Cawvey, 21, Normal, Illinois Travis R. Bruce, 22, Byron, Minnesota Jonathan P. Barnes, 21, Anderson, Missouri William J. Kerwood, 37, Houston, Missouri William R. Strange, 19, Adrian, Georgia Morgen N. Jacobs, 20, Santa Cruz, California Bryan J. Richardson, 23, Summersville, W.Virginia Edward C. Barnhill, 50, Shreveport, Louisiana Erik C. Kesterson, 29, Independence, Oregon Kirk Allen Straseskie, 23, Beaver Dam, Wisconsin Michael S. Voss, 35, Aberdeen, North Carolina Norman K. Snyder, 21, Carlisle, Indiana Aric J. Barr, 22, Allegheny, Pennsylvania Humayun S.M. Khan, 27, Bristow, Virginia Brandon C. Sturdy, 19, Urbandale, Iowa Andrew W. Brown, 22, Pleasant Mount, Pennsylvania Brett M. Hershey, 23, State College, Pennsylvania Michael Paul Barrera, 26, Von Ormy, Texas James M. Kiehl, 22, Comfort, Texas William R. Sturges Jr., 24, Spring Church, Pennsylvania Andrew Halverson, 19, Grant, Wisconsin Michael T. Hiester, 33, Bluffton, Indiana Michael C. Barry, 29, Overland Park, Kansas Paul W. Kimbrough, 44, Washington, D.C. Paul J. Sturino, 21, Rice Lake, Wisconsin Carson J. Ramsey, 22, Winkelman, Arizona Michael T. Fiscus, 36, Milford, Indiana —William C. Levin is Professor of Sociology and Todd M. Bates, 20, Bellaire, Ohio Kevin C. Kimmerly, 31, North Creek, New York Joseph D. Suell, 24, Lufkin, Texas James E. Prevete, 22, Whitestone, New York Isiah J. Sinclair, 31, Natchitoches, Louisiana Ronald E. Baum, 38, Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania Levi B. Kinchen, 21, Tickfaw, Louisiana John R. Sullivan, 26, Countryside, Illinois Michael L. Burbank, 34, Bremerton, Washington Lee M. Godbolt, 23, New Orleans Alan N. Bean Jr., 22, Bridport, Vermont Lester O. Kinney II, 27, Zanesville, Ohio Narson B. Sullivan , 21, North Brunswick, New Jersey Anthony W. Monroe, 20, Bismarck, North Dakota Garry Wesley Rimes, 30, Santa Maria, California Bobby E. Beasley, 36. Inwood, W.Virginia Adam G. Kinser, 21, Sacramento California Vincent M. Sullivan, 23, Chatham, New Jersey Pamela G. Osbourne, 38, Hollywood, Florida Ioasa F. Tavae Jr., 29, Pago Pago, American Samoa Beau R. Beaulieu, 20, Lisbon, Maine David M. Kirchhoff, 31, Cedar Rapids, Iowa Allan M. Cundanga Espiritu, 28, Oxnard, California Aaron J. Rusin, 19, Johnstown, Pennsylvania Tenzin Dengkhim, 19, Falls Church, Virginia Daniel R. Scheile, 37, Antioch, California James A. Sherrill, 27, Ekron, Kentucky Associate Editor of the Bridgewater Review.

Bridgewater Review June 2009 27 A Contemporary Poetic Play Stephen Levine

s anyone who has read Shakespeare They are constantly interrupted by a Chrysalis, who Aknows, the print version of a poetic play is very differ- from her closed cocoon proclaims the entire world will ent from a poem. I’m obviously no Shakespeare, but I change when she is born. There are also contemporarily have written a contemporary poetic play, and reading it dressed actors portraying an Ichneumon fly as a “work- requires the same kind of visual and auditory leap of ing girl” and her adorable child Larvae (in a fleece pa- imagination from page to stage as a four hundred year jama snuggly) whose hunger drives her single mom to old masterpiece. In order to understand this simple capture a pair of crickets to feed to her baby. The dialogue, one must imagine it as an audience member Crickets are a musical pair who were imminently ex- close to an intimately small stage, with vibrant human pecting their own large brood. The final character is a actors speaking, singing and dancing, colorful flowing Parasite, depicted as a contemporary street beggar. The costumes, brilliant lighting, and a heart-felt musical last full scene features innumerable Ants who convert underscore. from an endless line of paper pushing Workers to an endless line of Soldiers, waging war against ants of a To aid this imagination, allow me to set the stage, so to different color. The Man ends the war, and then ob- speak, for the selection that will follow. The scene in serves the scene printed below, wherein the Chrysalis question is next to last in The Insect Comedy, which I emerges from her cocoon as a Mayfly to join the others have written based on a ninety year old work by Czech of her kind who only fly and live one day. The word brothers, Joseph and Karel Capek, (pronounced “chah- “Coda” is not spoken in performance, but is a musical pek”). The play begins with a prologue seen from a term meaning a short ending piece after the main body normal human perspective. In a meadow near woods, a of work. The Mayflies are in contemporary dancewear drunken homeless Man is alone, pondering his exis- with sheer flowing silk scarves suggesting the move- tence, when he is interrupted by a biology Professor ment of wings, and they revolve attracted to the bright- y St ephen L e vi n E hunting butterflies to pin and exhibit for nature lovers. est light from above. The musical underscore is a live, She notes that the butterflies are in mating season and offstage solo voice singing the melody line from the attracted to the man because he smells putrified with haunting Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5 by Hetor Villa- sweat and dirt. He decides to watch the butterflies in Lobos. their mating to amuse himself. He exits the stage, but his enormous face and booming voice occasionally Please note that punctuation in a playscript is not for comment on the insects he is observing. In the first full grammatical purposes at all, but rather a code to guide scene of the play, the butterflies enter, behaving like actors in performance, comparable to musical notation beautiful, young, love-struck, fickle and unfaithful for a singer. In this case, the exclamation points indicate individuals performed by normal-sized human actors in sequentially rising intensity of vocal inflection as well contemporary colorful dress subtly suggesting bodies as gesture and facial expression, beyond what is natural and wings. The second scene features the Man observ- in realistic conversation. ing insects closer to the earth, such as a trio of very ry p oet i c l a a co n tem p or ry wealthy tuxedoed and designer-dressed dung-beetles, who push and covet their treasure in the form of an enormous ball of dung, and perceive its loss as tragic. coda (Light slowly brightens. MAYFLIES enter from all corners of the stage, dancing with sheer scarves of silk toward the light above. The MAYFLY CHRYSALIS is in her cocoon above the audience.)

MAYFLY CHRYSALIS: (Bright spotlight, she begins to open her cocoon.) I am ready to escape my prison! I will live forever! Now that I am chosen to be born!

CHORUS: (ALL enter.) The world loves us! Mayflies have the gift of life! A lifelong love!

CHRYSALIS: (Spreading her wings.) Who’s singing out to me?

CHORUS: Come with us! Fly around the light of life! A gift of love!

MAYFLY CHRYSALIS: I am the one to be born now! I’m entering a world of hope! (She joins the other Mayflies dancing.)

CHORUS: Come with us! Whirling, twirling, swirling, curling round eternal light!

MAYFLY 1: My wings are made of light! Fly with me! Reach up for life’s essence! Fly! And dance forever! High above the earth! Up to the light! Until I die! (She dies.)

CHORUS: All that we have is life! Come with us! Whirling, twirling, swirling, curling round eternal light!

MAYFLY 2: Let me fly up! Let me become a lifelong fire above the cares of every day! So let me live with you! Let us live long as I can love! (She dies.)

CHORUS: All that we have is life! Come with us! Whirling, twirling, swirling, curling round eternal light!

MAYFLY 3: The world is blest to see life last forever! I will dance with you as long as I’m alive! Come sing with me as long as we’re together! (She dies.)

CHORUS: Live! All that we have is life! Come with us! Whirling, twirling, swirling, curling round eternal light!

MAYFLY 4: Our wings are made to last one Mayfly day. If I can find love without end, then I can live forever! Stay, life, stay! (He dies.)

CHORUS: All that we have is life! Come with us! Whirling, twirling, swirling, curling round eternal light! (They die.)

MAYFLY CHRYSALIS: (Dancing. The light becomes blindingly bright.) The whole world comes alive in me! To be is to fly up into the light! And feel the ecstasy! Feel the eternal mystery! I can reveal the secret of life’s meaning! Listen to me! Will you hear my voice before I die? Life is! Before I die! (She dies. Sudden blackout as music swells.)

Bridgewater Review June 2009 29 Seeking for a City

Gwen Ifill,T he Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama. Doubleday, 2009 Charles Angell

Gwen Ifill’sT he Breakthrough sparked controversy even and Birmingham has moved away from an emphasis on before its publication when, last fall, some suggested racial issues to focus on issues that will garner wide- that because Ifill was writing a book about Barack spread—i.e. white—support. “The rift,” Ifill points out, Obama, she could not moderate impartially the vice- “between African-American politicians born in the 1930s presidential debate between Sarah Palin and Joseph and 40s and those born in the 1960s and 70s is a deep Biden. (This canard proved unfounded as Ifill presided one that is often papered over. The worldview of the over a spirited and evenhanded debate.) More relevant, older politicians…was defined by limitation…. They perhaps, to the issues Ifill broaches in The Breakthrough could not attend the schools they preferred or aspire to was her interview in October 2007 with eight of the the jobs they believed they were qualified to hold…. nine African-American students who 50 years before Their children, who walked freely down the streets had integrated Little Rock’s Central High School. Ifill let where their parents marched, were raised to believe they these now middle-aged adults recall their experience, could do anything.” what they had learned about themselves, what the Candidate Obama addressed this issue in his 18 March ordeal had brought home to them about race relations 2008 speech on race delivered at Constitution Hall in in the United States, but ultimately what their educa-

e of ob a m c h rles ngell ce in the ag Philadelphia. He said of his pastor Reverend Eugene tion had allowed them to achieve. As they spoke, one Wright that his mistake was “not that he spoke about could see in Ifill’s demeanor—always professional—her racism in our society. It’s that he spoke as if our society awareness that she in no small measure owed her posi- was static; as if no progress has been made; as if this tion to the courage and fortitude of the Little Rock nine. country…is still irrevocably bound to its tragic past.” Their breakthrough opened the passageway for much Reviewing Mr. Obama’s speech in the 1 May 2008 New that followed. York Review of Books, Garry Wills paralleled Obama’s Ifill begins her account of the new generation of African- problem with Reverend Wright to Lincoln’s attempt to American politicians by noting that in her thirty years dissociate himself from abolitionist John Brown. Wills as a journalist, beginning with reporting on the at- observes that “neither [Lincoln or Obama] denied the tempts to integrate South Boston High School, nothing darker aspects of our history, yet they held out hope for had “prepared [her] for 2008 and the astonishing rise of what Lincoln called here the better ‘lights of current Barack Obama.” She uses as her theme the tensions, experience’ what he would later call the ‘better angels of sometimes conflicts, between the older generation of our nature.’ Each looked for larger patterns under the African American politicians, tested in the protests and surface bitterness of their day. Each forged a moral marches of the Civil Rights movement, and the younger position that rose above the occasions for their speak- generation, the beneficiaries of the advances made by ing.” Reading the text of candidate Obama’s speech, one those who preceded. The contretemps between encounters not only his deep thoughtfulness and under- Reverend Jesse Jackson whose off-the-cuff disparaging standing of the role race has played in America’s history remark about Barack Obama earned him a sharp rebuke but also his political awareness that Reverend Wright’s from his son representative Jesse Jackson, Jr. neatly inflammatory remarks had to be placed within a dy- g h: p ol i t cs an d r a : T he bre a kthrou symbolizes the generational difference. Ifill views poli- namic context that moved the discussion forward. In an tics as a sandpapering process where groups with oppos- interview with Ifill in the midst of the Wright contro- ing interests rub against one another and create friction. versy Mr. Obama said “we’ve got to remind ourselves For the earlier generation of African-American politi- that what we have in common is far more important cians and activists the friction resulted from racial con- than what’s different.” Throughout his campaign he flict as black Americans asserted themselves against stayed focused on this simple, reassuring, and clearly entrenched and entitled white political power. While successful message. BOOK RE VI EW many of these conflicts are by no means resolved, the Ifill chronicles the journeys to power of several young younger generation with no direct experience of Selma African-American politicians: Representative Artur Davis of Alabama, Mayor Cory Booker of Newark, and (not surprisingly) Governor Deval Patrick. Each received his education from America’s élite universities and law schools; each embraced politics and sought elected office often in the face of daunting obstacles. Davis, who hopes to run for Alabama’s governorship in 2010, had to take on the entrenched African-American politicians in order to win election to the U.S. House over 15 years ago. His early support for Barack Obama antago- nized the state’s democratic establish- ment, most of whom supported Hillary Clinton. Of Booker, Ifill writes “he’s a walking, talking, phi- losophy-spouting generational conflict. In his attempt to woo those who would spurn a city such as Newark and mollify those who are defensive about its past, success for Booker lies in forging a way forward. The trouble is, the path forward is littered with the debris brought on by the act of breaking through.” Deval Patrick’s candidacy for the Massachusetts’ governorship perhaps faced the most intractable obstacles: he was virtually unknown; he would campaign in a state of predominantly white ment. (Though, again, I note that voters; he would have to grapple with a powerful, chau- the Commonwealth appears to have learned vinistic, and set in its ways Democratic organization. from past fiscal crises and taken precautions to moder- (Still, I remember seeing Emily Rooney’s Greater Boston ate the effects of economic downturns.) Now, in April October 2005 interview with Patrick and thinking he 2009, Patrick confronts having to raise revenues (i.e. might just pull the election off.) His opponent in the taxes) to ease the fiscal pressure on state government. election, Kerry Healey said afterward that “’Deval was Ifill offers a prescient paragraph when she writes “it able to build a successful grassroots candidacy and remains an open question whether Patrick will be overcome all of those structural disadvantages in ways strong enough to seek a second term without drawing a that were quite extraordinary for the Democratic Party.’” significant challenge. ‘People are making a mistake if Patrick’s performance as governor, as we all know, has they are presuming there is a trajectory here that is clear not been trouble free. His inexperience has led him into and defined,’ Charlie Baker told me. ‘I think it could go blunders that a more seasoned politician might have in either direction.’” This morning’s Boston Globe (April known to avoid. The current recession has forced diffi- 16th) reports that Baker, CEO of Harvard-Pilgrim cult and mostly unpleasant choices on state govern- Medical, may become the “significant challenge” in 2010. As Ifill asks early inBreakthrough , “can insiders

Bridgewater Review June 2009 31 BOOK REVIEW: The breakthrough: politics and race in the age of obama charles angell “code language that conveniently means different things “’postracial’ moment.” Admitting her uncertainty over Ifill also notes early in yet have overcome, but we have broken through. He may never find his face engraved on a treasury note writes that “perhaps a wholesale shift in racial under what the phrase means, Ifill suspects that the phrase is

just below the surface lurks the implication that race pable temperament he displayed as a candidate, I think rights veterans, it is a term that sparks outrage” in its limited to arts, letters, sports, and entertainment, into a that the story of his presidency will figure prominently thing. Americans were willing to place a widespread frayed.” Challenge notwithstanding, Deval Patrick’s in the history of America’s third century. We may not as ited his office and shown the same disciplined, unflap- broad political context.” As President Obama has inhab- to different people. For those interested in resisting any itself is a “bad thing.” Near the end of the book, Ifill brace the mythic notion of color blindness. For civil believe Barack Obama’s election victory represents a and his message that much more unites than divides us. acceptance to African American culture, previously and the nerve endings of ambition become exposed and kicks in, that sandpaper place where change happens standing was too much to hope for in a single electoral suggestion that “getting past” race is a good thing while should he succeed, will be a breakthrough. or his image sculpted on Mt. Rushmore. I have no doubt citizens have grown increasingly comfortable with him cycle. But then again, what did happen was no small discussion of racial difference, it is an easy way to em- efforts to change Massachusetts’ political culture, enemy once inside. they’re This is when the friction effect real change, or do they become change’s worst —Charles Review Editor of the Angell is Professor of English and Book Breakthrough that she does not Bridgewater Review. - his loss is deeply felt. the Bridgewater State community are many and dozens of contributions productions. to Henry’s and opera in more than 30 years of work and director and producer in east coast theatre, film remarkable reputation off campus as a designer, universities (MF Georgetown (BA 1979) and Dance for the past three years. In Memoriam as member of the faculty since 1995, Henry served December 2008 at the young age of 56. the college community, who passed away in league, engaged mentor and vibrant member of and work of Henry Shaffer, a generous col- Bridgewater Review remembers warmly the life Henry Chair of the Carter Shaffer (1952-2008) Department of A 1982), Henry developed a Mellon Carnegie- Theatre and A graduate of The A Normal Hall, the First Normal School Dormitory

Constructed in 1869, Normal Hall the first Normal School dormitory was a wooden structure forty by eighty feet, situated above a basement that contained the cellar, boiler-room, storage room, and a laundry area divided into washing, ironing, drying and linen rooms. The first floor included the family rooms, a library, sitting room, bed room and bathroom, the parlor, dining room, and cooking room. The remaining floors were divided into twenty-nine student rooms, whose dimensions were ten by fifteen feet and rooms for employees who worked in the dormitory. Each room contained two closets and was supplied with furniture and heated by steam. Students were expected to provide their own bed linen and towels. The principal and his family also moved into the building and there was a wing for male students meaning that the original Normal Hall was co-ed, although mingling between the sexes was strictly forbidden. Women were charged $3.75 for rent, fuel, light, washing and board. Men who lived in the hall paid $4 a week while those who lived in town could eat in the dining room for $2.87.

—Thomas Turner. Bridgewater State College Non-Profit Org. Bridgewater, MA 02325 U.S. Postage Bridgewater Review PAID Burlington, VT Permit No. 341