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Wideband Reconfigurable Vector Antenna for 3-D Direction Finding Application Johan Duplouy

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Wideband Reconfigurable Vector Antenna for 3-D Direction Finding Application Johan Duplouy Wideband Reconfigurable Vector Antenna for 3-D Direction Finding Application Johan Duplouy To cite this version: Johan Duplouy. Wideband Reconfigurable Vector Antenna for 3-D Direction Finding Application. Electromagnetism. Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2019. English. NNT : 2019INPT0002. tel-02064303 HAL Id: tel-02064303 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02064303 Submitted on 11 Mar 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSETHÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : l’Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) Présentée et soutenue le 14 janvier 2019 par : ÂÓhaÒ DÙÔÐÓÙÝ Wideband Reconfigurable Vector Antenna for 3-D Direction Finding Application JURY Jean-Yves Dauvignac Professeur Rapporteur Raphaël Gillard Professeur Rapporteur Hervé Aubert Professeur Directeur Laure Huitema Maître de conférences Examinatrice Thierry Monedière Professeur Examinateur Christophe Morlaas Enseignant-chercheur Co-directeur Patrick Potier Ingénieur Examinateur Anthony Bellion Ingénieur Invité Philippe Pouliguen Ingénieur HDR Invité École doctorale et spécialité : GEET : Électromagnétisme et Systèmes Haute Fréquence Unité de Recherche : ENAC Lab (TELECOM) et LAAS-CNRS (MINC) Directeur(s) de Thèse : Hervé Aubert et Christophe Morlaas Rapporteurs : Jean-Yves Dauvignac et Raphaël Gillard “Je crois qu’après avoir vu ça, on peut mourir tranquille. Enfin, le plus tard possible, mais on peut. Ah c’est super. Quel pied, ah quel pied ! Oh putain ! Olalala !” – Thierry Roland, Finale de la coupe du monde 1998 Remerciements “Ramenez la [thèse] à la maison...Allez [Johan], allez” – Vegedream Enfin, nous y voici ! Quelle aventure ... Une thèse est bien entendu un travail de longue haleine (oui, oui, on y croît), mais ce n’est pas une fin en soi, c’est un moment particulier dans la vie : un défi que l’on se donne à soi-même, il y aura eu un avant qui ne sera plus, et il y aura un après à construire. Au moment de franchir ce cap, je me rends compte que la thèse est loin d’être un travail solitaire et je ne peux pas ne pas penser à tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, auront contribué à celle-ci grâce à leur bonne humeur, générosité, savoir et soutien. Allez, on dit merci qui ? Je tiens tout d’abord à remercier la Direction Générale de l’Armement ainsi que la région Occitanie pour le financement de ces travaux de thèse. Ils ont été effectués au sein du laboratoire TELECOM de l’ENAC, dans l’équipe EMA. Je remercie donc chaleureusement MM. Christophe Macabiau et Alexandre Chabory (respectivement responsables de TELECOM et de EMA) pour m’avoir fait confiance et permis de réaliser ces trois années de doctorat au sein d’une équipe enthousiaste et passionnée ! Une thèse est un document jugé par des pairs. Toute ma reconnaissance va vers celle et ceux qui ont accepté d’évaluer ce travail, et notamment à MM. Jean-Yves Dauvignac (professeur à l’université de Nice Sophia Antipolis) et Raphaël Gillard (professeur à l’INSA de Rennes) qui ont accepté de rapporter ce manuscrit. Mes remerciements les plus chaleureux vont à mes directeurs de thèse. Tout d’abord, M. Hervé Aubert (professeur à l’INP de Toulouse), pour la confiance et l’autonomie qu’il m’a accordées, pour ses précieux conseils lors de la réalisation de ces travaux de doctorat ainsi que pour les nombreuses heures qu’il a consacrées à la relecture de mes papiers. J’aimerais également lui dire à quel point j’ai apprécié nos discussions, et notamment celles sur la langue de Molière et sur l’art de l’écriture scientifique. Ensuite, s’il y a bien quelqu’un que je dois remercier, c’est M. Christophe Morlaas (enseignant-chercheur à l’ENAC), qui a eu la patience de me supporter et de m’épauler au quotidien. Il a eu la gentillesse de répondre de manière toujours claire et précise à mes nombreuses sollicitations durant ces trois années. Ses conseils et sa rigueur m’ont permis de mener à bien cette thèse dans un contexte agréable. C’est pour moi un grand honneur que d’avoir pu travailler avec eux. Je tiens aussi à remercier M. Michel Paonessa (ingénieur au sein de l’ENAC) pour l’aide qu’il m’a apportée lors de la réalisation des antennes. Pendant ces trois années de thèse a régné dans les couloirs et locaux du bâtiment F une ambiance chaleureuse, où il était agréable de travailler aux côtés des équipes EMA et SIGNAV. i ii Remerciements Merci notamment aux permanents : la fashion victim Rémi D. (désolé mais les pantacourts et les chemisettes font partie du top Topito des vêtements à brûler d’urgence), la féministe Hélène (mais bon, on verra bien quand il faudra porter quelque chose de lourd), la supportrice marseillaise Anaïs (vous savez pourquoi la pelouse du stade Vélodrome est aussi verte et aussi belle ? car il y a 11 chèvres dessus), le gaffeur et blagueur Antoine (qui n’a pas peur de faire du politiquement incorrect, enfin quelqu’un de sensé !), le papa poule Paul (qui pourra revivre d’ici dix huit ans), la jeune Anne-Christine et ses bons plans (si jamais vous avez besoin d’un conseil pour acheter une poussette ou si vous avez envie de manger chinois, n’hésitez pas à la contacter), sans oublier le barcelonais Axel (à qui je ne parle plus depuis la remontada, la plus grosse escroquerie de l’histoire du football). Je salue également les nombreux post-doctorants/doctorants et compagnons de route : le jusqu’au-boutiste enacien Jérémy (j’espère sincèrement que tu obtiendras un post de perma- nent, celui-ci est tant mérité), le détendu Quentin (qui va terminer sa thèse grâce à la volonté du “D”), la végan Capucine (qui veut bien éplucher le lapin, mais pas les carottes !), l’apprenti peintre et mystérieux Rémi C. (mais que fait-il de ses soirées pour arriver si tard l’après-midi ?), Anne-Marie dite Mercotte (qui nous empêche de poser notre lundi grâce à ses succulents gâteaux), sans oublier les expertes pâtisseries orientales Ikhlas et Sarah (cependant, j’attends toujours vos crêpes). Un merci particulier au parieur fou et homme d’honneur Seif qui a su prendre le temps de célébrer la victoire des Bleus à la coupe du monde malgré une charge de travail dantesque ! Par ailleurs, j’espère que tu auras de nouveau l’occasion de nous faire part de ton expertise en matière de sécurité sociale et d’impôt. Je tiens en outre à féliciter (mal- gré son amour pour le football business) Florian dit Ridaube, pour son expertise des normes OACI. L’harmonisation internationale sur la réglementation des drones repose sur ton travail exemplaire. J’espère qu’avec les années, il sortira de son bureau pour profiter de la vie car celle-ci ne se résume pas au travail. Il pourra alors assouvir son autre passion pour la météo avec Didier Labyt. Je tiens ensuite à remercier les fruits du laboratoire TELECOM: Thomas B. et Maxandre qui feraient mieux de sortir au lieu de jouer à Pokemon. La vie ne se résume pas à un monde virtuel. De plus, j’espère que les 10 commandements du thésard stakhanov que j’ai enseigné à Thomas V. aboutiront aux résultats escomptés. À dans cinq ans pour ta soutenance ! Enfin, je souhaite bon courage aux petits nouveaux: David et Uygar. Il y aurait aussi des crasses à dire sur eux mais je laisse ça aux suivants. Je souhaite également une bonne continuation aux autres membres du laboratoire TELECOM : Carl, Enzo, Jade, Eugène, Heekwoon, Paul Verlaine, Junesol, Roberto, Auryn et Xiao. J’espère qu’on aura l’occasion de continuer nos longues discussions. Je n’oublie pas non plus mes augustes prédécesseurs : miss Alizé et ses bons plans afterwork ainsi que le Zinédine de l’équipe TELECOM, JB. Je souhaite en outre adresser mes sincères remerciements à mon professeur d’italien Guiseppe, qui m’a permis de découvrir l’Italie dans toute sa splendeur (Da Michele, il ragù di sua madre, les négronis, sans oublier la chanson “oh le le, oh la la...”). Ce fut un réel plaisir de regarder avec toi les matchs de l’Italie lors de la coupe du monde de football 2018. J’ajouterai donc que cela a été un honneur pour moi de rencontrer Enik Shytermeja, ponte du GNSS, qui a décidé de continuer ses études malgré une carrière prometteuse en NBA. La communauté scientifique le remercie mais le monde du basket est en deuil. Officieusement, d’après les dernières révélations de Basket Leaks, il a été obligé d’arrêter sa carrière de basketteur suite à contrôle positif antidopage lors de la première phase du championnat d’Albanie. L’occasion m’est donnée de faire part de toute ma gratitude à tous mes amis sur qui j’ai toujours Remerciements iii pu compter, qu’ils soient de Toulouse, de Paris, de Lille ou de Saint-O, sans oublier ceux du classement ATP. Un merci particulier à Phi-Nhan dite Hulk de l’apéro pour la relecture de ce manuscrit. Après, n’ayant pas envie d’en oublier, je préfère ne pas me lancer dans un listage car je sais qu’ils se reconnaîtront.
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