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Complete Issue Dedicated to what works in global health programs GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2016 Volume 4 Number 3 www.ghspjournal.org Editor-in-Chief James D. Shelton, MD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Deputy Editor-in-Chief Stephen Hodgins, MD, DrPH, Senior Technical Advisor, Save the Children, Newborn Health Associate Editors Matthew Barnhart, MD, MPH, Senior Science Advisor, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Bureau for Global Health Cara J. Chrisman, PhD, Biomedical Research Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Digital Health: Margaret d’Adamo, MLS, MS, Knowledge Management/Information Technology Advisor, USAID, Bureau for Global Health Malaria: Michael Macdonald, ScD, Consultant, World Health Organization, Vector Control Unit, Global Malaria Programme Maternal Health: France Donnay, MD, MPH, Consultant Nutrition: Bruce Cogill, PhD, MS, Consultant Managing Editors Natalie Culbertson, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Ruwaida Salem, MPH, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs Editorial Board Al Bartlett, Save the Children, USA Vinand Nantulya, Uganda AIDS Commission, Uganda Zulfiqar Bhutta, Aga Khan University, Pakistan Emmanuel (Dipo) Otolorin, Jhpiego, Nigeria Kathryn Church, London School of Hygiene and Tropical James Phillips, Columbia University, USA Medicine, United Kingdom Yogesh Rajkotia, Institute for Collaborative Scott Dowell, Centers for Disease Control and Development, USA Prevention, USA Suneeta Singh, Amaltas, India Marelize Görgens, World Bank, USA David Sleet, CDC, USA Lennie Kamwendo, White Ribbon Alliance for Safe John Stanback, FHI 360, USA Motherhood, Malawi Lesley Stone, USAID, USA Jemilah Mahmood, Malaysian Medical Relief Society, Douglas Storey, Johns Hopkins Center for Malaysia Communication Programs, USA Global Health: Science and Practice (ISSN: 2169-575X) is a no-fee, open-access, peer-reviewed journal published online at www.ghspjournal.org. It is published quarterly by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD 21202. The journal is made possible by the support of the American People through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Knowledge for Health (K4Health) Project is supported by USAID's Office of Population and Reproductive Health, Bureau for Global Health, under Cooperative Agreement #AID-OAA-A-13-00068 with the Johns Hopkins University. GHSP is editorially independent and does not necessarily represent the views or positions of USAID, the United States Government, or the Johns Hopkins University. Global Health: Science and Practice is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly cited. To view a copy of this license, visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. For further information, please contact the editors at [email protected]. Table of Contents September 2016 | Volume 4 | Number 3 EDITORIALS Effective LARC Providers: Moving Beyond Training (Republication) Effective and productive providers are the key to successful provision of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). But LARCs demand more of providers than short-acting resupply methods. In addition to sound training, key elements to developing highly productive providers of LARCs include a thorough understanding of the service delivery system context; selecting providers with the most potential, especially from mid-level cadres; strong mentoring and supportive supervision; and attention to the supply chain and to demand-side support. James D Shelton, Anne E Burke Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):356–358 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00258 VIEWPOINTS Moving Medicine, Moving Minds: Helping Developing Countries Overcome Barriers to Outsourcing Health Commodity Distribution to Boost Supply Chain Performance and Strengthen Health Systems Senegal and other developing countries are improving access to health commodities by outsourcing supply chain logistics to private providers. To achieve broader, lasting reform, we must support further adoption of the outsourced model; assist country-led cost- benefit analyses; and help governments build capacity to manage contracts and overcome other barriers. Priya Agrawal, Iain Barton, Roberto Dal Bianco, Dana Hovig, David Sarley, Prashant Yadav Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):359–365 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00130 COMMENTARIES Accessible Contraceptive Implant Removal Services: An Essential Element of Quality Service Delivery and Scale-Up Use of contraceptive implants has surged in recent years, yet emerging data show a deficit of service delivery capacity and coverage for implant removals. The number of projected removals needed in the 69 FP2020 focus countries in 2018 (4.9–5.8 million) is more than twice that estimated for 2015 (2.2 million). We must proactively plan and execute high-quality implant removal services in order to fulfill the exceptional promise of implants in meeting client needs and advancing toward FP2020 goals. Megan Christofield, Maryjane Lacoste Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):366–372 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00096 Global Health: Science and Practice 2016 | Volume 4 | Number 3 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org Using Qualitative Methods to Validate and Contextualize Quantitative Findings: A Case Study of Research on Sexual Behavior and Gender-Based Violence Among Young Swazi Women Nesting qualitative data collection methods within quantitative studies improves results by assessing validity and pro- viding depth and context. Using data from 3 sources from Swaziland, we triangulate qualitative and quantitative findings to highlight how different methodologies produce discrepant data regarding risky sexual behaviors among young women. We found that women reported similar numbers of lifetime sex partners in all sources, but the propor- tion reporting multiple and concurrent partnerships was several times higher in qualitative interviews. In addition, qualitative data can provide deeper understanding of how participants, such as those experiencing gender-based violence, understood the experiences behind the quantitative statistics. Allison Ruark, Rebecca Fielding-Miller Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):373–383 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00062 Vouchers: A Hot Ticket for Reaching the Poor and Other Special Groups With Voluntary Family Planning Services Vouchers can be a highly effective tool to increase access to and use of family planning and reproductive health services, especially for special populations including the poor, youth, and postpartum women. Voucher programs need to include social and behavior change communication with clients and quality assurance for providers, whether in the private or public sector. In the longer term, voucher programs can strengthen health systems capacity and provide a pathway to strategic purchasing such as insurance or contracting. Elaine P Menotti, Marguerite Farrell Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):384–393 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00084 ORIGINAL ARTICLES Successful Implementation of a Multicountry Clinical Surveillance and Data Collection System for Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa: Findings and Lessons Learned Despite resource and logistical constraints, International Medical Corps cared for thousands at 5 Ebola treatment units in Liberia and Sierra Leone between 2014 and 2015 while collecting hundreds of data points on each patient. To facilitate data collection and global reporting in future humanitarian responses, standardized data forms and databases, with clear definitions of clinical and epidemiological variables, should be developed and adopted by the international community. Reshma Roshania, Michaela Mallow, Nelson Dunbar, David Mansary, Pranav Shetty, Taralyn Lyon, Kacey Pham, Matthew Abad, Erin Shedd, Anh-Minh A Tran, Sarah Cundy, Adam C Levine Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):394–409 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00186 Global Health: Science and Practice 2016 | Volume 4 | Number 3 Table of Contents www.ghspjournal.org Safety and Acceptability of Community-Based Distribution of Injectable Contraceptives: A Pilot Project in Mozambique Trained community health workers, including traditional birth attendants (TBAs), safely and effectively administered injectables in northern Mozambique; two-thirds of the women choosing injectables had never used contraception before. Including TBAs in the Ministry of Health’s recent task sharing strategy can improve rural women’s access to injectables and help meet women’s demand for contraception. Ana Jacinto, Mahomed Riaz Mobaracaly, Momade Bay Usta´b, Cassimo Bique, Cassandra Blazer, Karen Weidert, Ndola Prata Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016;4(3):410–421 http://dx.doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-16-00133 Scheduled Follow-Up Referrals and Simple Prevention Kits Including Counseling to Improve Post-Discharge Outcomes Among Children in Uganda: A Proof-of-Concept Study Post-hospital discharge is a vulnerable time for recurrent illness and death among children. An intervention package consisting of (1) referrals for scheduled follow-up visits, (2) discharge counseling, and (3) simple prevention items such as soap and oral rehydration salts resulted in much higher health seeking and hospital readmissions compared with historical controls. Matthew O Wiens, Elias Kumbakumba, Charles P Larson, Peter P Moschovis, Celestine
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