The Remarkable Career of a ‘Most Remarkable Workman’: Johan van der Wyck (1623-1679). A Dutch-educated Military Engineer and Optical Practitioner
PART 2: In the service of the Swedish King and the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
Huib J. Zuidervaart
The Swedish Army directly to the Swedish king Carl X Gustav According to the testimonies collected in about his logistical operations. In Pinnenberg, Van der Wyck’s Schutz-Schrifft, he decided near Hamburg, he was engaged in building 5 to enter the service of the Swedish army in a bridge across the river Elbe. That same 1656.1 This career switch meant that for a month he was appointed to Adjutant General long period Van der Wyck would be engaged of the infantry and artillery of the Swedish in military campaigns, leaving no room for troops around Hamburg. At that moment the optical pursuits. A notary deed of December Dano-Swedish War (June 1657 - May 1660) 1656 confrms that Van der Wyck was in con- was only a few months old, and in a response tact with a Swedish general in Amsterdam, a to the declaration of war by the Danish King certain ‘Hofsteeter’.2 In the process of prepa- Frederik III, the Swedish forces, attacking ration for his departure, Van der Wyck made from the south, had made enormous territo- a last will in January 1657.3 Another prepa- rial gain. Most of Denmark’s mainland was ration probably concerned the purchase of a occupied by the Swedish army. As the severe set of mathematical instruments made by the winter had frozen the Danish seawaters, in Delft instrument maker Anthony Sneewins. February 1658 a large force of 9,000 cavalry In Skokloster Castle, a gilded brass graphom- en 3,000 infantry could cross the ice of the eter is preserved, made in 1656 by Sneewins. Great Belt, occupying a large part of Seeland, This instrument was most likely made for Van the island on which the Danish capital Copen- der Wyck, who at some moment in time must hagen is located. have given it to his commander-in-chief, Gus- This rapid shift of territorial power was a tav Wrangel, the owner of Skokloster Castle Fig. 8 ‘Obrist’ Johan van der Wyck (1623- direct threat for the commercial interests of (Fig. 9a), where Van der Wyck’s portrait (Fig. 1679). Portrait (88 x 109 cm) attributed the Dutch Republic, who in earlier years had 8) also is preserved. Another instrument made to the painter Abraham Wuchters (1608- made agreements with the Danish king, en- for Johan van der Wyck is a brass gunner’s 1682). In the upper right corner in red abling Dutch ships to cross the Sont under quadrant, engraved with his coat-of-arms the inscription reads: “Obrister Wijk”. proftable conditions. If Copenhagen would 4 (Fig. 9b). (Skokloster Castle, inv. no. 3082). fall into Swedish hands, the Baltic Sea would Van der Wyck’s Swedish career had a quick become a Swedish inner sea, causing great start. Already in November 1657 he reported harm to Dutch commerce. So, in the sum-
Fig. 9 (left) Gilded brass Graphometer, made in 1656 by Anthony Sneewins, mathematical instrument maker in Delft, given the date, most likely made for Van der Wyck. At some moment in time the instrument probably is presented to Wrangel, who stored it Skokoster Castle (inv.no. 10598). (right) Brass quadrant (radius 10.5 cm) with the coat-of-arms of Van der Wyck, maker unknown. The instrument is a typical gunner’s level, with a quadrant arc divided in degrees 45-0-45, with half degrees in the outer rim and a rigid plummet as used in ballistics. In the 18th century the quadrant is re-used in a different setting, and screwed onto a wooden peg, stuck into the orifce of a wooden cylinder, for the measurement of the angle of a mercury jet. (Rijksmuseum Boerhaave Leiden, inv. no. 9635).
Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) 17 Van der Wyck evidently had a good eye for the technical qualities and knowledge of the people he met. Skilled assistance was for Van der Wyck indeed a necessary requirement, be- cause the king had made him responsible for the fortifcation of all Swedish strongholds on the conquered Island of Seeland. Van der Wyck’s frst assignment was to build new bastions in the harbour of Kørsor, a small town whose harbour facilitated the supply of troops and equipment, and therefore was of vital strategic importance for the Swedish army on Seeland. So, an appeal was made to Van der Wyck’s mathematical and practi- cal knowledge of fortifcation. To strengthen Kørsor’s defence, he designed two new bas- tions: one around the mediaeval fortress and another on a small island in Kørsor’s bay. Van der Wyck’s design of both bulwarks is still preserved, drawn together on one piece of paper, now in Riksarchivet Stockholm (Fig. 10a). Today, one of these bastions still is pre- served, while the second fortifcation has dis- appeared (Figs 10b & 11).9 The Kørsor fortifcations were hardly fn- ished, when in November 1659 the Swedish troops on Funen (in Danish: ‘Fyn’) were at- tacked by a combined Danish-Dutch force, invading from Kiel. King Carl X Gustav, who at that moment resided in the Kørsor fortress at the other side of the Great Belt, reluctantly had to watch from there how his troops on Funen were defeated at Nyborg, just opposite of Kørsor. This severe setback for the Swed- ish enhanced the strategic importance of Kør- sor’s harbour as the main line of supply for the Swedish army on Seeland and Lolland. Van der Wyck remained active as the main fortifcation offcer in the region at least un- til 1660, being busy in places as Kørsor, ‘Draecksholm’ (= Dragsholm Slot), Malmo, Landskrona and Castle Kronborg in Helsing- fors. But then, in 1660, King Carl X Gustav Fig. 10 (top) Van der Wyck’s design for two bastions at Kørsor, on the west side of the Danish suddenly died, after which loss the Swedish Island of Seeland. Map, sent to Carl X Gustav, king of Sweden on 29 September 1659. and Danish governments agreed to a truce, (Riksarchivet Stockholm). (below) The present day remains of the 17th century bastions around forcing the Danish king to accept the loss of the mediaeval fortress (Google Earth). a large territory, especially Danish Sweden mer of 1658 a large Dutch feet of 75 ships however had not been paid for a long time. (Skåne), at the north side of the Sont. For and 15,000 men was sent to the Baltic to as- Van der Wyck now recommended him to the the Swedes this was a precious strategic con- sist the Danish king, and indeed Copenhagen Swedish king, as this man had ‘such good quest, for it broke the former exclusive Dan- was relieved, together with the city of Danzig and vast knowledge about new guns, war ma- ish control over the Sont. (nowadays Gdansk). chines, waterworks and other useful scientifc Van der Wyck’s last job in fortifcation was machinery, which he all manufactured with This shift of military balance also affected to secure this conquest, by strengthening the his own hands’. It would be a waste not to em- Van der Wyck. In August 1658 he was cap- former Danish fortress in Landskrona at the – ploy him in the (better paid) Swedish army.7 tured by Danish forces near the river Elbe, now Swedish – side of the Sont. This was an after which he became a prisoner-of-war in A similar recommendation followed in Sep- urgent task, in view of the threat of the mighty Glückstadt.6 From this unfortunate position tember 1659, when Van der Wyck wrote to Dutch feet, the arrival of which had prevent- Van der Wyck was liberated in June 1659, so king Carl X Gustav that ‘God had sent us a ed the fall of Copenhagen. But to secure this he resumed his active service for the Swedish extremely bright engineer, a certain Mr. Mül- location with bulwarks was a task too large crown. In his Danish captivity he had made ler, a good noble man, whose father was one for the short time available. The he inventive his acquaintance with an engineer employed of the best engineers of the King of France’.8 Van der Wyck launched an original idea. He by the Danish, a man with great skills, who This man was also hired by the Swedes. So, advised to use a few obsolete warships and to
18 Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) During the whole summer of 1663 he stayed in the Dutch Republic, his presence being noted by Christiaan Huygens, as well as by Isaac Vossius (1618-1689), another Dutch scholar with a great interest in optics.15 In a meeting with the well-known French traveller Balthasar de Monconys, who in 1663 visited many locations of knowledge in the Nether- lands, Vossius praised the Delft telescopes, with which ‘one could see the mountains on the moon’.16 However, when Monconys went to Delft, he was too late, as Van der Wyck just had left for Stralsund. Shortly before, Chris- tiaan Huygens had expressed as his expecta- tion that Van der Wyck would return to his old passion of Poleiser (‘polisher’), as Huygens called it.17 This hunch was indeed correct. In March 1664, the German scholar Caspar March (professor in mathematics at the uni- versity of Rostock) reported the following news to his correspondent, the astronomer Johannes Hevelius in Dantzig: The lieutenant-colonel J. von der Wyke, Commandant in Stralsund, who excels in Optics, Geometry and other Mathematical Mechanics, and who gladly would be Fig. 11 Engraved map of the harbour of Kørsor, depicting the two fortifcations build by Van acquainted with your honour, has spent der Wyck in 1659. From: Samuel von Pufendorf, De rebus o Carolo Gustavo, sueciae gestis several 10.000 guilders solely on the commentarium libri septem (Nürberg: Riegel, 1696), Liber VI, p. 568. (Universitäts- und grinding of glasses. Everywhere he has Landesbibliothek Düsseldorf). costly apparatus, among others a grinding jam them in an organised way at the shore of fronted with nasty accusations, concerning a dish for a telescopic lens of 30 or 32 feet. the Sont, in front of the citadel. Strengthening presumed severe misconduct years before. In Such a telescope he has presented to the these ships with wooden palisades and aiming May 1657, somewhere between Antwerp and Royal Majesty of Sweden personally. […] their canons to sea delivered a good strong- Brussels, a civil barque had been attacked and I have seen Jupiter through such a tube hold, in a very fast and economical way.10 Van plundered. According to some Swedish dip- as a large dinner plate. Recently he has der Wyck’s advice was indeed followed, and lomats, who visited the area early in 1663, it presented me a lens for a tube of 6 yards 18 the territory remained Swedish ever since.11 was said that a certain Johan van der Wyck [=18 feet, or about 5.5. meters]. had been the leader of this ferce attack. The Preserved Telescopes? Stralsund said event had happened, just when Van der For our purpose it is not necessary to follow Wyck was en route from Delft to Poland, Caspar March’s report of 1664 is the last ar- Van der Wyck’s military career in detail. It is where he would join the Swedish army. So, chival document that testifes about Van der enough to know that in November 1660 he in theory, he indeed could have been involved Wyck’s passion for lens grinding. The men- was appointed commander of the artillery in this robbery. tioned gift of a telescope to the Swedish king in the county of Bremen-Verden, being pro- makes one wonder if such an instrument still moted in January 1662 to the Swedish mili- In May 1663, when Van der Wyck heard about has survived. Unfortunately, the Swedish tary commander of Stralsund (a Baltic city these accusations, he immediately requested Livrustkammaren, the museum of the royal already conquered by the Swedish army in general Carl Gustaf Wrangel permission to collections, contains no telescope resembling 1630). From now on he had to report to the leave his post and to go to the Southern Neth- March’s description. More hope presents Swedish commander-in-chief Carl Gustaf erlands, in an attempt to clear his name. In the Wrangel’s Skokloster, where several tele- Wrangel, member of the guardian committee following months Van der Wyck collected nu- scopes of the seventeenth century have been that governed the country for the fve year old merous statements of persons that could tes- preserved. Some of these have particularities 19 Carl Gustav XI, the new Swedish king. An tify about his behaviour as a Renomirter Eh- that suggest a Dutch origin (Fig. 12). But 14 extensive correspondence between Wrangel rlichen Cavellier. After his return to Stral- here too, none of these instruments can be at- and Van der Wyck has been preserved, but sund, in the fall of 1663, he collected these tributed with certainty to Van der Wyck. unfortunately these letters are strictly devoted testimonies in a Schutz-Schrifft and got them printed in 50 copies. One of these pamphlets Something similar can be said of the Bruns- to military affairs and contain no information wick museums. Among the preserved items of on optical matters or other scientifc topics.12 survived in Copenhagen (see Fig 3a in Part 1). The documents show that Van der Wyck the Dukes of Braunsweig-Lünenburg no opti- This, with the exception of only one letter, cal equipment from 17th century Delft can be dated 8 December 1664, in which Van der succeeded to prove that the said attack on the barque was carried out by a certain Johan van found. There is, however, at another location Wyck reports about his observation of the one excellent telescope that with a rather high 13 der Weghe, a farmer’s son from Mechelen. “great comet” of 1664. degree of certainty can attributed to Van der It was in this high position of commandant The trip to save his honour brought Van der Wyck. of Stralsund, that Van der Wyck was con- Wyck not only to Mechelen and Brussels, but also back to Breda, Delft and The Hague. It was the antique dealer and – always curi-
Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) 19 i . 12 17th century telescope at Skokloster Castle. Iron plated tube, coated with leather depicting hunting scenes. Iron plated tubes were a common feature of telescopes made in Holland. (Photo by the author, 2010).
the other h n SI I is l ce ne rer the ocul r th n I it me ns focussin eyon the infnite n th t is the focussin for short si hte eo le. he com in tion of these three or s on the telesco e m es it ro le th t the telesco e s m e y erm n m er ho s in fre uent cont ct ith utchmen.20 So hen l ot s e me hich 1 th century utch or erm n instrument m er coul h e such rofle n er yc lre y c me into the icture ll the more here this i . 13 Large Dutch or Galilean telescope, with the signature ‘IACOB CUNIGHAM’ and the telesco e met the re uirements note y rt date ‘1661’, stamped onto the objective lens cap. Length: 325 mm (closed, with caps), 688 mm li th t the u es hee m es fts to the si ht (open, to stop lines, max); diameter: 92 mm (max). (National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, of e ery ones e . But ho to ro e n er inv. no. NAV 1547). yc s uthorshi of this instrument n l ss ith r ther l r e i meter s use . ho s this co un(n)i h m ho o i- t th t time this s the est u r ntee th t ously h commissione this ery recious the mi le rt of the lens s in the ri ht n recisely m e instrument oul he e sh e for oo o tic l erform nce. Br ss foun mon the m ny roy list n lish ris- i hr ms o er the en of e ch lens ere tocr ts li in in e ile in l ces such s he use to re uce their ertures. ue But in s ite of our efforts no erson he n me uni h m seeme to refer to ith the n me un(n)i h m coul e foun . British ori in s i its resence in Brit- But fortun tely n internet se rch resente ish collection. o e er the o ect h s one sur risin solution. eculi rity hich the er e museum isitor In the ery ye r 1 1 m r e on the reen- ill not notice uic ly. he o ity is th t the ich telesco e co uni h m of Scotish r tu es e r some letter m r in s con- escent s rson in orslun e nish stitutin the or s N I n ill e on the isl n of oll n . is n me f - SI I ( i . 1 ). his sur risin ures on the l r e list of ersons th t si ne f ct s lre y note in 19 y . n er the Danish Souverainiteitsakterne of 10 nu- St r t the time ssist nt cur tor t the utch ry 1 1.21 ith this l the nish in i . 1 The inscriptions on the draw-Tube i smuseum oor e eschie enis er N tu- re eri (1 09 1 0) constitute his rule s of the CUNIGHAM-telescope: ‘NAHE’, ur etensch en the forerunner of the res- n solute mon rch. his co uni h m ‘WEITH’ and ‘OVERSICHTIG’. ent i smuseum Boerh e in ei en. in (1 19 1 80) s the n tur l son of mi- it s Stu rt l ot ho h reco ere this r l ohn uni h m (c. 1 1 1) ho h ous s ell s enthusi st histori n Stu rt important information from a letter in the ar- forme somethin of Scottish community l ot ho in 2012 re ueste my ttention chi es of the N tion l ritime useum. In in then nish Nor y urin his erio to one of the most recious n nicely cr fte his letter n er St r h m e the follo in 22 th s re ion l o ernor of inm r . is son 1 century telesco es in the collection of comments on the r tu es co h een in u ur te stor in uly the British N tion l ritime useum in 1 fter recei in letter of referment reen ich. his o ect is r ther l r e tele- he or s N n I re erm n or s n they me n ne r from the cro n rince the l ter in hris- sco e ith utch or lile n o tics e rin ti n . uni h m frst ser e the rishes of the si n ture I B NI n the n re t ist nce he thir em osse or SI I is utchifyin yllin e n yn y ecomin in 1 the te 1 1 st m e onto the o ecti e lens rson of orslun e. c ( i . 13). n s l ot ssure me the of the erm n or ersichti o tic l esi n of this e rly telesco e s of hich me ns f r si hte or res yo ic . ie on the m of enm r ro i e me rem r le u lity. he trum et sh e of If SI I is l ce et een ith the follo in l usi le scen rio. he il- the tu e s f mili r fe ture of e rly tele- N n I then it me ns the l e of orlun e lies t the re t Belt ust sco es c use y the f ct th t n o ecti e focussin is for res yo ic eo le. If on o osite of the to n of rsor the ery l ce
20 Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) n his y from ol- l n to m ur osimo lso i visit to the Bremen enc m ments. i- ously instructe e r- lier y utchmen ell erse in o - tic s osimo ent irectly to n er yc s he u rters a former monastery c lle Kloster Zeven, ust et een Bremen n m ur . ere herr risten on er yc n his colle ue ener l - u nt term nn re- cei e the rince ith ll milit ry honour on 28 e ru ry 1 8.29. i . 1 (left) Map, showing the relative short distance over sea (ca. 44 km), between Kørsor (top) and Horslunde h t osimo n n (bottom). The city of Stralsund, where Van der Wyck settled in 1662, is located in the bottom right corner, and (ri ht) er yc iscusse is Horslunde’s medieval church where pastor Jacob Hanson Cunigham once preached. Photo by the author, 2016. not no n ut i en the f ct th t osimo here n er yc st rte to construct his cessor the youn h rles I of S e en. his isite elft only f e stions in 1 9 er se the t o l ces re com elle S e ish re ction n l r e rmy ee s efore the su ect of h t he h - only rece e y m ist nce co ere s r ise inst the city in ol in some mire in elft n the ile of elft re he 30 ily y rious o ts n fshermen ( i . 1 000 troo s. In nu ry 1 rl ust f ou ht ro ly s touche . hether or 1 n ). r n el st rte the milit ry c m i n ith not n er yc sho e his o tic l instru- the result th t y summer lmost ll territory ments to the lorentine rince rem ins hi - oreo er it is cert in th t co nson u- of Bremen er en s occu ie e ce t the en un er the eil of history ut i en the ni h m s in close cont ct ith the S e ish city itself. s one of r n el s st ff offcers rince s interest it is more th n l usi le th t troo s on oll n from the frst moment on 31 oh n n er yc s o li e to le e o tics s mon the to ics iscusse . Co- hich they occu ie orslun e in the ye r Str lsun to ssist in this sie e. e ec me simo e en s en the ni ht t Kloster Zeven, so 1 .23 uni h m s rson e in orslun e res onsi le for the ositionin of r n el s it is h r ly inconcei le th t n er yc s use s comm n ost for S e ish of- rtillery.2 ne of his r i s in ol in 200 i not emonstr te t le st one of his o ti- fcers urin the 13 ee lon sie e of the mus uetiers s e tensi ely cite in con- c l ro ucts to the rince. nfortun tely it nei h ourin city of N s o ( t the est tem or ry history oo .2 o e er r n el is only recor e th t the follo in mornin co st of oll n ). he S e ish rmy e en f ile to t e the city n ne oti tions ere osimo s roy l househol resente n It l- i e efensi e mo t roun the uil - initi te to see e ceful solution. urin i n re f st re lin n er yc n his in .2 s in enm r nor in Northern erm - these lon ne oti tions ( hich l ste un- fello offcers ith It li n ines hich c- ny there s no scientifc instrument m er til 1 8) the enc m ments of the S e ish cor in to the meetin s ccount s ery c le of m in oo telesco e until f r 32 troo s roun Bremen ec me more or less ell recei e . in the 18th century25 the follo in scen rio sho l ces ttr ctin isitors. seems l usi le. Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp: In the ne of them s the lorentine rch u e Spell of Antoinette de Bourignon urin the rocess of reconstruction of the osimo III e e ici ell no n for his rsor fortress or urin n er yc s In cto er 1 8 n er yc s or ere re t interest in the rts n the sciences. In tr nsit throu h oll n or erh s e en to tr ns ort his rtillery c from Bremen to the ye rs 1 1 9 he m e t o e uc tion l urin st y in the orslun e rson e omer ni n resume his ost of comm n- tours throu h Northern uro e here he i re eren co uni h m n our S e ish nt of Str lsun . n er yc e t this o- isits to innumer le loc tions of no le e rist n er yc must h e met fter sition for se er l ye rs ut he uit his ost in inclu in rintin houses rtists or sho s hich they ree in m in this telesco e. 1 2. h t ye r s for the utch e u lic c inets of curiosities n tomic l the tres So the m nifcent reen ich telesco e of the notorious Rampjaar ( ye r of is ster ). In rfs n lecture h lls.28 osimo s tour is 1 1most li ely resents us ith ition l ril the country ne rly coll se un er the nice in ic tion of the ro in re ut tion of r uments for the f ct th t n er yc tt c of the oint rmies of r nce n l n the Netherl n s s hu of useful no le e st ye cti e s n o tic l rtis n e en ur- n nster olo ne. he e ents restore the n the tr el ccounts of osimo e on- in his ye rs in cti e milit ry ser ice. youn rince illi m III of r n e into the conys n others sho in et il the st te of offce of St thol er. i these e ents l rm The Siege of Bremen the rt in the o ountries n the im res- n er yc to return to his ol comr es In 1 the nse city of Bremen refuse to sion the utch e u lic m e on curious stu- in oll n erh s for in 1 2 n n le e lle i nce to h rles ust s suc- ents schol rs n rinces. er i c is liste mon the no lemen of
Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) 21 the rtillery re y to ser e the rmy of the She there consi er le num er of fol- St tes ener l.33 nfortun tely nothin is lo ers r n in from hum le rtis ns to rich no n out n er yc s here outs merch nts to hom she offere in ery er- et een nu ry 1 1 hen he rote his son l y s iritu l ice. She insiste on l st letter to r n el n rch 1 3 hen so er ious life of r yer n contem l tion he s ointe comm n er in chief n n stinence from e lth orl y le sures Krieges-Rath ( r counselor ) of hristi n n f me. In the liter ture on the history of sci- l recht u e of Schles i olstein ot- ence she is est no n for her cont cts ith tor (1 1 1 9 ).3 his uchy s more the utch microsco ist n me ic l octor or less S e ish rotector te n in s ite of oh nnes S mmer m (1 3 1 80) ho hristi n l recht s m rri e to u hter of ec me n herent follo er of her mo ement the nish in re eri III ( ho lso s in the ye rs 1 3 1 . ele nt in this con- u e of Schles i olstein l c st t the te t is th t Bouri non con ince S mmer- northern rt Schles i olstein) the ot- m th t science n the ursuit of no le e tor u e s ferce enemy of the nish ere ust musements of S t n .39 In 1 1 ll his life. So this ne hi h osition s ell Bouri non mo e from mster m to in line ith n er yc s e rlier c reer. Schles i olstein ith the intention to settle there ith some of her follo ers t l ce o e er it oul ecome the r est e- e ue the y one of her herents (Noord- rio of his life. Since cto er 1 3 n er strand ne r usum). But soon fter her rri - yc s l ue y rious ise ses the l her i e s ere tt c e y loc l uther n escri tion of hich oul re ch the intern - cler ymen. In e ru ry 1 her rrest s tion l me ic l liter ture th n s to olstein s or ere y oh nnes irchm nn the m yor of court hysici n oel n elot.3 his me ic l the city of Schles i n Bouri non s ssets octor re orte e h usti e out the intense i . 1 Antoinette de Bourignon’s e eili e ere ll sei e . No n er yc recei e he ches n er yc e erience urin erre y er (Amsterdam, 1681). the commission to rin Bouri non to the s- isit to Stoc holm urin hich sufferin s tle onnin en the m in rison of Schles i he com letely lost his ility to re son t n- ssiste y n esc ron of sol iers. 0 urin or ry militi she rote him in l ter other occ sion in Str lsun the ell no n th t tri n er yc cci ently ot hol of u lishe letter. ener l or n er yc suffere r re one of Bouri non s m hlets. fter his re - tt c of Hematidrosis or loo s e t . ur- s the Schles i uther n cler ymen un- in of this ocument ( erm n tr nsl tion in this illness n er yc s e sheets ce sin ly continue to tt c Bouri non s of La Solitude Vertu) 1 n er yc s h incre se three oun s in ei ht. hen ritin s in such y th t her s fety s shoc e th t the uthor of such e out hris- she the ter ec me so l c th t one thre tene n er yc n his ife no ti n tr ct oul e im risone . So he ent to e sily coul h e use it s in for the rit- offere her sylum t their o n home. In this the Schles i u e n con ince him to in of letters.3 rom in nother occ sion u r e m nsion Bouri non st ye until she o errule the or er to im rison this s iritu l- n elot re orts out se ere s ellin of coul rent house else here in Sles i . ist l y lthou h her ssets ( hich inclu e n er yc s ton ue hich isor er - It must h e een urin this so ourn th t rintin ress) rem ine confsc te . e rs to e one of the frst c ses of its in Bouri non s intro uce in n er yc s e er recor e In n ttem t to re in her ossessions o tic l e ui ment. rlier she h sho n Bouri non turne to n er yc s in some interest in S mmer m s or not his s ellin for three ee s resiste him to me i te further in the con ict ith the s contri ution to science per se ut s ll the reme ies hich ere lie ith Schles i uthorities. 2 his erson l cont ct me ns to contem l te o . S mmer m s the utmost ili ence mon st hich ere oul h e se ere conse uences for n er or on the m y y Ephemeri vita (1 ) lee in s from the rm n the r nine yc s further c reer. he or ener l s inclu e for inst nce m ny letters y Bouri- eins. t len th leeches ere lie s ee ly im resse y Bouri non s ch rism tic non. In the s me erson l y she commu- h een efore ro ose y n elot erson lity n mess e. s result he e- nic te ith n er yc . It is tellin th t ut o ecte to y the other hysici ns. c me one of her fercest oc tes e en in she n me one of her oo s of the erio in his loc l e cu tion unlo e the ton ue such ssion te y th t Bouri non foun it hich she el or te on n er y s efforts hich soon reco ere its n tur l st te.3 necess ry to e se the min of n er yc s to help her, La Sainte Visière (in n lish he ll these rem r le ise ses m es one ife. 3 Bouri non re rette th t n er oly elesco e ). ter this tr ct s tr nsl t- on er if this s the rice n er yc yc h not re her ritin s e rlier. She e into utch (most li ely y S mmer m) h to y for ll his e eriments ith lenses re oice his su ort ut hen in ril 1 n rinte s De Heylige Verrekyker (1 81 n mirrors in ol in oisonousness li ui s n er yc su este to oin her rou of see i . 1 ). It is l usi le th t this oo in such s mercury n ntimony.38 ither y follo ers t the Noor str n e en for her this hich she use the met hor of the telesco e it s in these circumst nces th t n er intention ent too f r. t th t l ce she only for e l inin her intentions s ritten es- yc c me into cont ct ith the hristi n ossesse mo est f rmer s house here eci lly for n er yc . mystic ntoinette e Bouri non. She s the one of her follo ers li e former merch nt ch rism tic le er of sect of e out hris- from m ur ho h uit his orl ly life A Major General Under Attack ti ns ho refuse to c no le e the ri- to li e there to ether ith his e sts. Ne er- n er yc s o enly emonstr te su ort m cy of the isi le church n ho here theless Bouri non su este th t it oul e for the hi hly contro ersi l Bouri non met to chili stic i e s ro tin the imitatio oo thin for the or ener l to ch n e ferce resist nce from Bouri non s o onents Christi n nnouncin the ne r en of the his life I thin th t you must lso uit the the uther n cler y n oh nnes irchm nn orl . Bouri non elie e she s chosen orl n ecome sol ier in hrist s rmy the Schles i m yor ho h or ere Bouri- y o to restore true hristi nity on e rth. ith ll the f elity you no h e in the tem- non s rrest. ne of the u e s ministers
22 Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) the – now united – Schleswig Holstein territo- ries.53 What Van der Wyck and Swammerdam discussed together is unknown, but a month later Swammerdam would leave Bourignon’s circle, to regain his microscopic researches in Amsterdam. Living in Bourignon’s direct neighbourhood had not brought him what he expected. Swammerdam nevertheless always stayed in touch with Bourignon as spiritual leader, exchanging letters with her and trans- lating several of her writings.in Dutch54 Van der Wyck, too, stayed in the Bourignon’s sphere of infuence. Day and night he longs for my presence’, Bourignon wrote to a dis- ciple in April 1677.55 Van der Wyck even considered selling his Noordwijk estate, being prepared to take the fnancial loss.56 In August 1677 Dodo II, Baron zu Inn- und Knyphausen (1641-1698), a former Swedish army offcer and also one of Bourignon’s followers, even offered Van der Wyck a mansion near Em- den, where he could become the supervisor of one of his estates. But the couple refused this generous offer. They stayed in Noordwijk, Fig. 17 The mansion De Lindenhof in Noordwijk-Binnen. Seat of Van der Wyck and his spouse 57 from February 1675 until his death in November 1679 and her death in August 1680. Present running a household with many servants. state of the building after a renovation in the 18th century. De Bourignon was not pleased to hear about this kind of life style: ‘They have not arrived at that stage of perfection they ought to as- pire. The practice is something else than the Friedrich Hans Gloxin (in fact a colleague of land village of Noordwijk-Binnen, where in theory’, she added to a friend.58 In the mean Van der Wyck in the government of Schleswig February 1675 he had bought the mansion De time, Van der Wyck and his wife received Holstein Gottorp), seized the moment to Lindenhof from the heirs of Johan Adriaansz several friends in Noordwijk, coming from launch a public smear campaign against the Doublet (1639-1673), a military captain from various pious groups: not only adherents of Major General. Gloxin felt offended by a Delft (Fig. 17).50 Bourignon, but also persons active in other statement that Van der Wyck had entrusted parts of the mystical spectrum, such as adher- The Village: Civilian in Noordwijk- confdentially to a fellow offcer, who how- ents of the German pietistic preacher Johann ever appeared to be Gloxin’s brother-in-law. binnen Jakob Schütz from Frankfurt am Main.59 Not surprisingly, this unfattering opinion had Little is known of Van der Wyck’s activities In the autumn of 1678 Van der Wyck fell ill reached Gloxin, with the result that he chal- in Noordwijk-Binnen. In July 1675 he suc- again, tortured by severe headaches.60 Less lenged Van der Wyck to a duel in October ceeded to expand his property with some than a year later, in November 1679, death 1674. The Major General just suffered one of adjacent land, which he chose to transport would free him from his ailments. His wife, his severe illnesses, so from his sickbed he re- before his old friend, the notary-surveyor Johanna van Hoorn van Brouhese, followed acted that this fuss did not deserve the honour Jacob Spoors in Delft.51 However, it seems her husband into the grave within a few of a rapier. This negative response sparked that his new life of contemplation did not sat- months. She did not part from life, before she an avalanche of printed pamphlets, advocat- isfy the 52-year old Van der Wyck. The news had made a new last will.61 In line with an ing the position of both sides.48 In the mean- of his restlessness also reached Bourignon earlier will of 1657, the main heirs of the Van time Bourignon used her infuence on Van in Schleswig, who in a letter to a friend re- der Wyck couple remained the children of the der Wyck by telling him that what he experi- marked that it would be benefcial to Van der late reverend Eleazar Lotius, in life a Calvinist enced was a test of God, calling him to resign Wyck to meet and speak to his fellow opti- pastor in The Hague.62 But other benefciaries from offce: ‘You have served the World long cian Johannes Swammerdam.52 At that time were also remembered. Substantial legacies enough’, she wrote. ‘Use the little life you – August 1675 – Swammerdam, after more were given to the poorhouses of Emden, Am- have left to the service of God’.49 then a year of doubt, fnally had decided to join Bourignon’s community in Sleswig. He sterdam and Noordwijk-binnen, as well as to Van der Wyck indeed followed Bourignon’s would leave by boat from Amsterdam on 15 the local church and orphanage. The parishes advice. In November 1674 he resigned from September 1675. The following May the two (diaconie) of Noordwijk aan Zee, Katwijk aan the Holstein-Gottorp service. Together with adherents of Bourignon – both students of Zee, Bergen op Zoom, Delft and The Hague his wife he returned to the Dutch Republic. nature and opticians – were together in Co- also received gifts for the relief of the poor. In retrospect, Van der Wyck made a very for- penhagen, on a mission to request mediation Finally, the church of Breda got some money. tunate decision, for only a few months later of the Danish king: Van der Wyck, probably Thus, most places where the couple had lived (in July 1675) the Danish king Christian V at the request of his former sovereign, the ex- were remembered in Johanna’s will. But in- would invade Schleswig Holstein Gottorp, iled duke of Schleswig Holstein Gottorp, and terestingly, not all. No institution or person in forcing his brother-in-law, Duke Christian Swammerdam, at the request of Bourignon, Stralsund, Bremen or Schleswig was remem- Albrecht, to go into exile. At that moment who still fought for the return of her confs- bered; nor any person from the Bourignon cir- Van der Wyck already had settled in the Hol- cated goods and also desired a safeguard for cle. The only foreign legacy went to a niece of
Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) 23 her late husband, demonstrating that at least tijdelijcke goederen die niet alleen hier, bij some contact with the German family had Godt almachticheijt [sijn verkeegen], maer been preserved.63 There was also a Delft ben- [ook] hem uijt ’t recht als oudste zoon sijns efciary: Maria Catharina Noté (1622-1682), vaders huijs competerende sijn’. in whose house at the Oude Delft the couple 4. This unsigned quadrant is only polished and probably rented their lodgings in the years engraved at one side and therefore it probably 64 1654-1657. Finally three of the couple’s is not made by Sneewins, who always added former servants were remembered, as well as a fnishing touch to his instruments. As the their Dutch lawyer.65 coat-of-arms is the most prominent part of the quadrant, it could be engraved by Abraham The grave of both spouses in the medieval Santvoort, Van der Wyck’s friend from Breda. Church of Noordwijk-Binnen was covered In the 18th-century this evidently 17th century with a costly tombstone bearing two large and instrument is is re-used in a different setting 16 smaller escutcheons. This impressive me- and attached to a wooden model for the dem- morial survived the devastation of the French onstration of the fow of a mercury jet. era, when most heraldic symbols were banned from the Dutch churches, and many grave- 5. Van der Wyck to Carl X Gustav, 27 Novem- stones were ripped of their armorial bearings. ber 1657. Riksarchivet Stockholm, Skrivelser So, today the stone still can be admired in full till kongl Majt Karl X Gustafs Gustafs tid, vol glory (Fig. 18). Gone however is the large 26. wooden memory table that once was clinged 6. Stefán Hjartarson, Kampen om fack- to the wall above the grave, also showing föreningsrörelsen (Uppsala, 1989), p. 205. Van der Wyck’s coat-of-arms, the presence 7. Van der Wyck to Carl X Gustav, 17 June of which is recorded in the travel journal of 1659: ‘Dieser mann hat solche gute und vaste 66 Fig. 18 Tombstone of Van der Wyck and a British visitor to the church in 1698. Half wisschenschaften von den neuwen Rohren his wife in the old Church of Noordwijk. a century later, in 1747, the mere sight of the Kriegs machinen, wasserkonsten, undt son- Drawing by Victor de Stuers (19th century), gravestone brought a local rhymester to a sen- sten viele gross nutzbare wissenschaften, die when the stone was attached to a side wall. timental poem, remembering a gift to the lo- er alles mitt eigener handt verfertigt...’ cal orphanage, bequeathed by the widow Van illnesses, found the inspiration ‘to withdraw 8. Van der Wyck to Carl X Gustav, 29 Sep- der Wyck in commemoration of her late hus- from the world’, to leave the world of learn- tember 1659: ‘Gott [hat] uns einen uber dei band.67 In January 1680 Johanna donated 700 ing behind and to retreat in contemplation in massen wakeren ingenieur gefuhret, ... Mr. guilders with the explicit instruction to use the village of Noordwijk-Binnen, where his Muller, ein guter Edelman, dessen vatter einer this money for a yearly feast to rejoice the or- grave still can be seen. Van der Wyck’s life der besten ingenieurs in Franckreich ist’. phans. This yearly event was maintained until shows that the scientifc revolution not only the shutdown of the Noordwijk orphanage at 9. Van der Wyck to Carl X Gustav, 29 Sep- involved learned scholars, but also smart the end of the nineteenth century. That’s why tember & 8 October 1659. practitioners with highly developed practical in the twenty-frst century Johanna van Hoorn skills and religious sensibilities, who seized 10. Van der Wyck to Carl X Gustav, 12 De- strill is remembered through the naming of a the opportunities presented at any location cember 1659. street in Noordwijk-Binnen, demonstrating they encountered. 11.Only years later, between 1667 and 1675, that for posterity it is better to bequeath an or- the Landskrona fortress received its very ex- phanage, than to construct famous telescopes Notes and References tensive complex of bastions that at present is and microscopes. 1. Schutz-Schrifft, p. 6, refering to Adolph still preserved. Johann von der Paltz-Kleeburg (1629-1689), Epilogue 12. Riksarchivet Stockholm, E-8515: Skriv- the younger brother of King Carl X Gustav, as elser till Carl Gustaf Wrangel – Johan von der Johan van der Wyck never published any the commander. According to Van der Wyck’s Wyck. One of these letters reveal that Van der scholarly work, but his ingenious optical Breda acquaintance Jan van Vliet he already Wyck visited The Hague in 1662. products brought him the attention of sev- considered to join the Swedish army in No- eral royalties and scholars. Moreover, his vember 1654. Cf. Janus Vlitius to Nicolaas 13. Van der Wyck to Wrangel, 8 December life presents a stunning overview of the in- Heinsius, 24 November 1654, in: Burman, 1664: ‘Den grossen Comet habe ich obser- terrelationship of location with a person’s Sylloges epistolarum, letter XL. viret: von 6 dieses. Ist auff andert halb el- achievements. The Breda academy brought len lanck. Gehet auff des morgens umsz 2. 2. NA The Hague, Notary Cornelis van Del- him a lifetime fascination for optics; the city 6 graden von das Zuijden, nacht westen, vendiep, 6 December 1656: Statement by Van of Delft inspired him to construct ingenuous undt verliret sich nacher 5 morgens. Ist eins der Wyck as a witness over a quarrel in a tav- perspective boxes; the Swedish army present- screcklicher Stern’. ern in Amsterdam, involving the Polish count ed him the opportunity to design and build Wrezewits. 14. Ibid., p. [7]. bridges and fortifcations; at the battlefeld in Northern Germany he could use his gunner’s 3. In this will, he appointed his wife as his sole 15. Cf. Fokko Jan Dijksterhuis, ‘A View from knowledge to aim his artillery; at the Kør- benefciary. When, in the event of his death, the Mountain. The Development of Isaac Vos- sor fortress he probably received the request she would remarry, she would be obliged to sius’ Optics, 1658-1666’, in Between Science and the Humanities: the World of Isaac Vos- to make the wonderful Cunigham-telescope, give a third of his legacy to the reverend El- sius, 1618-1689, eds, Eric Jorink & Dirk Van now in Greenwich; at his Bremen encamp- eazar Lootius (1595-1668), a Calvinist minis- Miert (Leiden, 2012), pp. 157-188. ment he was selected to host an art-loving ter in The Hague. Remarkably in this will he refered with emphasis to his (still unsettled?) Florentine prince; at Stralsund he could mas- 16. Balthasar de Monconys, Journal des Voy- rights as the eldest living son of ‘his father’s ter his organizational and governmental quali- ages de monsieur Monconys. Où les sçavants house’. NA The Hague, Notary Adriaen van ties; at Schleswig his soul, tortured by severe trouveront un nombre infni des nouveautez, 2 Adrichem, 3 January 1657: ‘…sonder van de
24 Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) ols ( yon 1 ) ol. 2 . 1 . gnon (1616-1680) ( ut hen l ur ers hysici n n lchemist oel n elot (1 1 1 . hristi n uy ens ( on on) to o e i 200 ) Bi l e (CD-rom) lemm oh n(n) 1 80) ho h e ree from ei en ni- uy ens 10 u ust 1 3. uy ens Œuvres n er i yc iec . ersity see li er um er oel n elott complètes no. 11 1. 2 . erh r erner el Historia Mod- r t un lchemist m ofe rie richs III in Die Bibliothek der Gottorfer Herzöge e s 18. s r rch to oh nnes e elius in erna Europae, oder eine Historische Besch- reibung Desz Heutigen Europae ( lm t- lrich u er u. . (Nor h usen B ut 2008) nt i 8 rch 1 . rist on er . 9 90. y e omm n nt in Str lsun er in - theus ner 1 92) . 2. ticis eometrie un n ern them tiche 28. . . oo e erf De twee reizen van Co- 3 . lso re orte y nother itness in ech nicis f st e celliret un mit . . nicht simo de Medici, prins van Toscane door de Grösste Denkwürdigkeiten der Welt oder so un ern e nn sein m chte. r h t etliche Nederlanden (1667-1669). Journalen en doc- genannte Relationes curiosae ol. 1 ( m- 10.000 ori nen llein uf s l sschleiffen umenten ( mster m ller 1919). ur 1 83) . 28 . s en iert her er er us stliche r t 29. rtin ei ern Diarii Europaei, In- 3 . ite from re ry ttley Observations u h t un er n ern eine sch ssel um sertis Variis Actis Publicis, oder Taglicher on Surgical Diseases of the Head and Neck u o on 30 o er 32 Schuh er leichen er Geschichts-Erzehlung ol. 19 ( r n furt m ( on on 18 8) . 293. . . . hochstl. n e enc . in Sch e en in ilhem erlins 1 9) . 1 8 ( e ru- 38. n er yc mentions for inst nce his erehret. ... en o em h e er urch ie ry 1 8). he isit to loster e en is only nee for mercure ntimoine in letter to einen ro en isch eller esehen. ir h t o li uely mentione in oo e erf De twee . it em te y 1 . B S 82 er un sthin ein l s um u o on llen reizen . II n 198. No i fols fols 2 s. erehrt elches ich et o e en in eine hre rin en l ssen er effect rin t . ( ser - 30. nly fe months efore n er yc 39. . e B r Ik moet spreken. See lso toire e ris 1 tom. 8 1 ). our- lso h i isit to his former hometo n . . in e oom e eerste rief n n- tesy r en mel. elft ro ly in the fterm th of the re ty toinette Bouri non n n S mmer m of Bre here in uly n u ust 1 he Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, 19. ui . ui er rt he in isi le tech- most li ely h ser e in the retinue of the 119 (19 ) .191 198 ric orin utsi e nici n m e isi le. elesco e m in in S e ish m ss ors. f. ity rchi e elft o there is nothin S mmer m S i- the se enteenth n e rly ei hteenth century er orm e emeente elft in . no. 8 fol. no n the nus f ce of the e rly utch utch e u lic in lison . orrison o 133 (No em er 1 ) entry of on er o- nli htenment in The Early enlightenment S en u r Ste hen ohnston ior io h n n er i c st yin in the olen- in the Dutch Republic, 1650-1750 e . ie Str no e s From Earth-Bound to Satellite. str t . or the re ty of Bre (1 ) see n Bun e ( ei en Boston Brill 2003) . Telescopes, Skills and Networks ( ei en Bos- . . Bre elm ns e re e n Bre en e 81 10 es . . 103 10 . ton 2012) . 1 102. st Jaarboek De Oranjeboom 20 (19 ) 0. ierre oiret e . La vie continuée de 20. ef N rchi e N 1 te . 18 3 . Interestin ly in 201 in S e - damlle. Antoinette Bourignon. Reprise depuis ril 19 . ourtesy Stu rt l ot. ish uction n stronomic l com en ium sa naissance, & suivie jusqu’à sa mort ( m- 21. . . e ener Aarsberetninger fra det emer e m e in 1 in elft y nthoni ster m 1 83) . 0 23. Kongelige Geheimearchiv, indeholdende bi- Snee ins efnitely constructe for the B ltic re ion. It is tem tin to thin th t this instru- 1. Ibid. . 0 . his concerne nthoinette drag til Dansk Historie af utrykte kilder (Co- Bouri non Traitté admirable de la solide enh en 18 0) . 132. ment s in n er yc s return lu e from elft to the B ltic. f. s l u tions vertu ( mster m rens 1 ). erm n 22. une en t the e of i ilis tion mm rre 9 12 une 201 no. 291. Bou ht tr nsl tion s rinte only in 1 9 Wun- ohn unnin h m ensm nn of inm r y the uylen ur h l net rium u uilen. derwehrtes Tractat von der Wahren Krafft- 1 19 1 1 in Mililitary Governors and Im- Tugend; Welche nicht bekant ist bey den itzi- perial Frontiers, 1600-1800. A Study of Scot- 31. . orin els eher in this olume. gen Menschen; weil sie die Schein-Tugend land and Empires . c ilo S. ur och 32. ei ern Diarii Europaei ... un sel i e nehmen an statt der wahren Krafft-tugend/ ( ei en 2003) . 29 1. Ste e ur och mit It li nischen einen ol tr ctiren lies- die Jesus Christus an allen wahren Christen Network North: Scottish Kin, Commercial sen . fter his isit osimo s ile to m ur unterwiesen hat ( mster m 1 9). and Covert Associations in Northern Europe, throu h the ri er l e on o r of S e ish 2. Bouri non to n er y 11 n 2 1603-1746 ( ei en 200 ) . 11 11 . Jacht Schiff. rch 1 rinte in . oiret e . Toutes 23. . ho e Samlinger til de Danske øers 33. i ste n e offcieren n en treyn n les Oeuvres de Mlle. Bourignon 19 ols ( m- Baalands og Falsters Historie ol. 1 ( o en- e rtillerye el e tot e enst en e e e i- ster m etstein 1 8 ) es . Oeuvres 1 h en ller 1 ) . 233 23 . tie eses ers 1 2 ere uireer t er en letter 2 n I letter . 2 . Kirkehistoriske samlinger udgivne af Sel- Militaire Spectator (18 ) . 8 . 3. Bouri non to rs. n er y 2 rch skabet for Danmarks kirke-historie ser. 2 3 . n er yc s l st letter from Str lsun 1 . Oeuvres I letter . (1892) . 299 30 . he 13 ee lon sie e to r n el is from 3 nu ry 1 1. he te . Bouri non to nonymous isci le 1 ril of N s o en e in 1 uly 1 9 hen of his ointment in olstein is i en y e 1 . Oeuvres 2 letter 2 est om- n er yc still s in m ur . f. n- Baar, Ik moet spreken i l e . m e ue cet home n s lu mes rits r try of nu m ert . . 2 ril 2013 on 3 . escri tion of n er yc s is- lon tem s . htt l n s yhistorier. horslun e r esten e ses s u lishe in the Miscellanea Cu- s oe s ens o erst . Bouri non to n er yc n his ife riosa, sive Ephemeridum Medico-Physicarum 11 ril 1 . Oeuvres 2 letter 29 is 2 . unn r i in The Chamber Of Phys- Germanicarum Anni 1675/1676. rench si ieu nous re resse r otre entremise e ics. Instruments in the History of Sciences tr nsl tion c n e foun in Collection Aca- enserois u il eut ue ous uitties ssie Collections of the Royal Swedish Academy of demique, Composée des Mémoires, Actes ou le mon e e enie milit ire e l milice Sciences (Stoc holm 19 ). Journaux des plus célèbres Académies & So- hr tienne ec ut nt e f lit ue l e 2 . ir m e B r ‘Ik moet spreken’. Het ciétés Littéraires étrangéres ( i on 1 ) et ns l milice tem orelle en l uelle ous spiritueel leiderschap van Antoinette Bouri- . 2 2 . See lso Deutsche Zeitschrift ne e e emeurer sinon ut nt ue ous für Chirurgie, 23 (188 ) . 9 9 . or the
Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018) 25 pourrez maintenir la justice, & soutenir & 1675 by a decree of the Danish king. (Tübingen 2005), p. 50. aider les oppresses...’ 49. Bourignon to Van der Wyck, 15 Novem- 60. Bourignon to Hase, 28 December 1677. 46. De Baar, Ik moet spreken, p. 143. ber 1674. Oeuvres III-2, letter 5: ‘Vous n’avez Oeuvres XIX, letter 154. que trop long-temps servy le monde. Em- 47. Anthoinette Bourignon, De Heilige Ver- 61. City archive The Hague, NA (notary Adri- ployez le peu de vie qui vous reste au service rekyker. Waar door men kan sien, in wat Stant aen van Adrichem), 3 April 1680. dat alle menschen in ’t gemeen ten aansien de Dieu’. 62. These benefciaries were Amelia and Pe- harer Eeuwige Zaligheit zijn. In een Brief de 50. Rechterlijk Archief Noordwijk, inv. no. trus Lootius, children of the reverend Elizar welke sy opdraagt aan alle Men-[schen, sic!] 180, no 90/92, 5-2-1675. The purchase in- Lootius and Johanna Pels (†1680) and Willem die van Godt geschapen zijn, en noch van hem cluded a so called Herenbank or ‘Gentleman’s Adriaensz de Vries, ‘proponent’ at Leiden, sullen geschapen worden. Getrouwelijk uit het bench’ in the local church. See also City ar- each for half of the estate. Cf. Deed of sale of Franse eigenhandig Schrift, in Neder-duits chive Delft, NA (notary Willem van Assend- De Lindenhof to Maria Nieuhoven, the widow vertaalt (Amsterdam, 1681). Translater un- elft), 10 November 1674. of the late Pieter de Riemer, medicine doctor known but attributed to Jan Swammerdam by 51. City archive Delft, NA, inv nr 1681, no at Rotterdam for 4900 guilders. Rechterlijk Van der Does without indicating the source. 68 & Rechterlijk Archief Noordwijk, inv. Archief Noordwijk, inv. no. 181, deed no 182, A German translation, Das Heilige Perspec- no. 180, no 116: 26 July 1675. See also City 12 May 1681. tiv (Amsterdam, 1684), may be translated by archive Delft, NA (notary Jacob Spoors), 21 Heinrich Schmeuser. Van der Does identi- 63. This concerned Anna Cathrina Knoop in July 1675. A month earlier, Van der Wyck and fes J. C. Hase as translator, but again with- Anhalt, the only child of Gudula Agnes Ma- his wife also had executed their last will be- out mentioning his source. Cf. Marthe van ria van der Wyck (1622-?) and Derk Jan von fore Spoors. Cf. NA-1681, 6 June 1675. der Does, Antoinette Bourignon, 1616-1680: Schlem from Anhalt. Cf. De Morees, Het la vie et l’œuvre d’une mystique chrétienne 52. Bourignon to Jan Tiellens, 5 August 1675. Münsterse geslacht Van der Wyck, p. 138. Oeuvres III-2, letter 14: ‘Il ne sera mauvais précédée d’une bibliographie analytique des 64. Catharina’s sister, Cornelia Lowijsa Noté que M. Swammerdam luy parle par occasion’. éditions de ses ouvrages et traductions et ac- (1633-1658), was also one of the benefcia- compagnée de notes, d’une liste des ouvrages 53. Bourignon to Jan Swammerdam in Co- ries, but she already had died years earlier. cités et d’un index (Amsterdam, 1974). penhagen, 26 April 1676: Bodleian Library, In April 1680 Catharina already had received 48. [0] unknown frst pamphlet, issued in Oxford, Add Ms 97, f. 99-100: ‘l’on m’escrit her inheritance as a loan. NA Den Haag, No- Glückstadt by Friedrich Hans Gloxin on 15 que le general de Wyck est a Coppenhage, tary Van Adrichem, 3 April 1680; Notary Van October 1674. [1] C.v.B., Antwort von einem vous luy pouvez bien aussi parler’. Cf. De Deuterom, 20 June 1680. Baar, Ik moet spreken, p. 161. Freunde aus Holstein an Seinem Schwager in 65. Interestingly the former servant Rijckje Wolgast, wegen der Diffamation, welche der 54. Jorink, ‘Outside God, there is nothing’; Lourens [Hasenduijn], widow of Corne- Doctor Gloxin soll auszgespenget haben, ge- De Baar, Ik moet spreken, p. 476. lis Cornelisz. van der Wouw had married gen den General Major von der Wijck (Gryps- 55. Bourignon to Johannes van Someren, 10 in March 1675 to the Delft Plateelschilder wolde [= Greifswald], 2 November 1674); [2] (painter of Delftware) Jan Jacobs van Scha- J.v.d.W [=Gloxin!], Gründlicher ohnpassion- April 1677. Oeuvres X-2, letter 45: ‘Le Gé- néräl Major van der Wijk écrit avec beaucoup gen († 1686), demonstrating another link with irter Gegen-Bericht mit Beylagen A.B.C.D.E., the city of Delft. Betreffend die Querelle, so zwischen Ihre d’affection pour nous, soûpirant nuit & jour Königl. Maytt. zu Dännemarck Norwegen pour étre auprés de nous’. 66. C. van Strien, ‘John Talman en andere wolbestalten Rath [...] auch Thumb-Herrn 56. Bourignon to anonymous disciple, 18 June Britse toeristen in Leiden en omstreken rond der Stiffts-Kirchen zu Lübeck, Hn: Friederich 1677. Oeuvres X, letter 52: ‘H. me mande 1700’, Leids Jaarboekje 82 (1990), p. 46. Hanns Gloxin Und dann zu Gottorff [...] gew- d’avoir visité le Général van der Wijk, & le 67. Men moet hier Van der Wyck gedenken | esenen General Majorn und krieges-Rath Hn: trouve, avec sa femme si las du monde qu’ils ne Hier rust, hier slaapt hij bij zijn vrouw | Die Johann von der Wiecken versiret. Auff die savent plus converser avec personne, & aspirent beide, vol van liefde en trouw | De weesjes Den 2. Novembris Anno 1674. zu Grypswolde aprés l’heure que nous nous assemblerons en nog om ‘ t jaar schenken | Een dag, een uur, gedruckte also genannte Antwort von einem quelque lieu pour se venir joindre à nous. Il vou- een ogenblik | Bedroefde wezen te verblijden | Freunde aus Hollstein an Seinem Schwa- droit bien vendre le Chateau qu’ils ont acheté en Toont ons een Krist’lijk medelijden | Waarmee ger in Wolgast wegen der Diffamation, etc. Hollande, en perdant beaucoup. Il semble que God zelfs is in zijn schik”. (‘Here Van der Wyck (Grypswolde, 30 December 1674). (16 p.); le Diable void que Dieu dispose les coeurs de must be remembered | who rests here, together [3] Cornelius Olofsson Wahrwordt [= Van der plusieurs: pour cela est il si furieux’. with his wife; | both full of love and dedica- Wyck], Ein Schreiben an die Jegenwertige 57. De Baar, Ik moet spreken, bijlage D. tion, | present the orphans yet every year | a day, grosse versammlung in Kyell (n.pl., 11 Janu- an hour, an instant, | to gladden the miserable ary 1675), 1 p.; [4] Johannes Kirchmann, Re- 58. Bourignon to Johan Conrad Hase, 3 No- orphans. | This demonstrates a Christian pity | torsio Defensiva juncta Protestatione pro Jo- vember 1677. Oeuvres XIX, letter 152: ‘Car with which even God himself is pleased’). Cf. hanne Kirchmanno J. U. D., [...] Burgermeis- ces personnes ne sont encore arrivées à la per- A.H.Meijer, Straatnamenboek van Noordwijk tern der [...] Stadt Schleszwig, contra Den fection qu’elles se persuadent. La pratique est (Hilversum, 1992), p. 121. Authoren des zu Gripffswalde am 30 Decem- bien autre chose que la theorie’. bris Anno 1674 gedruckten [...] Grundlichen Author’s address: 59. De Baar, Ik moet spreken, bijlage D. One Ohnpasionierten Gegenberichtes betreffend Huygens ING (Royal Netherlands Academy of the visitors in Noordwijk was probably also die zwischen [...] Friderich Hans Gloxine und of Arts and Sciences - KNAW) the German pastor and pietistic author Fried- dann dem gewesenen Furtstl. holsteinischen PO Box 10855 rich Breckling (1629-1711). He mentions both General Major und Krieges Rath herrn Jo- 1001 EW Amsterdam, The Netherlands the death of Van der Wyck and his wife in his hann von der Wieck a. th. versirende Que- Email: [email protected] diary. Cf. Friedrich Breckling, Autobiogra- rellen (n. pl., 12 January 1675). [8] pp. [5] phie. Ein fruhneuzeitliches Ego-Dokument im J.v.d.W., Günstiger Lezer …. (Grypswolde, 18 Spannungsfeld von Spiritualismus, radikalem January 1675). (Kongelige Bibliotek, Copen- Pietismus und Theosophie. Herausgegeben hagen). These pamphlets were banned in May und kommentiert von Johann Anselm Steiger
26 Bulletin of the Scientifc Instrument Society No. 139 (2018)