TECHNICAL REPORT on the MT ROYAL and BELVEDERE PROPERTIES (SEPL 552 and SEPL 550), ABOVE ROCKS INLIER, JAMAICA

TECHNICAL REPORT ON THE MT ROYAL AND BELVEDERE PROPERTIES (SEPL 552 and SEPL 550), ABOVE ROCKS INLIER, JAMAICA

FOR CARUBE RESOURCES INC.

Technical report prepared by Vern Rampton1 and Don I. Cummings2 1 – Carube Resources Inc, Carp, Ontario, Canada. [email protected] 2 – DC Geosciences, Aylmer, Quebec, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]

May 25, 2011

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 2.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 3.0 DISCLAIMER………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION……………………………………………………………………... 7 5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES & PHYSIOGRAPHY………………………………. 9 6.0 HISTORY…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14 7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22 8.0 DEPOSIT TYPES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30 9.0 MINERALIZATION……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 31 10.0 EXPLORATION………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 11.0 DRILLING………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42 12.0 SAMPLING METHODS AND APPROACH……………………………………………………………………. 42 13.0 SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS, AND SECURITY………………………………………………… 42 14.0 DATA VERIFICATION………………………………………………………………………………………………. 42 15.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIES………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42 16.0 METALLURGICAL TESTING……………………………………………………………………………………… 42 17.0 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES……………………………………………………………………………. 42 18.0 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………. 43 19.0 RECOMMENDATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44 20.0 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 56 21.0 AUTHORS' CERTIFICATIONS AND SIGNATURES……………………………………………………….. 62

SCHEDULE A: SEPL DOCUMENTS SCHEDULE B: HISTORICAL WORKING NOTATIONS SCHEDULE C: MINERALIZATION NOTATIONS FROM LITERATURE SCHEDULE D: GLOSSARY

1.0 SUMMARY The Mt Royal Special Exclusive Prospecting License (SEPL) 552 and the Belvedere SEPL 550 are together 104 km2 in area and are 100% owned by Rodinia Jamaica Limited ("Rodinia") subject to a 2% net smelter return to Stuart Hall and David Wright ("Hall/Wright") of Australia. The licences allow exploration for Au, Cu, Ag, Mo, Pb and Zn and are in good standing. Carube Resources Inc. became a 100% owner of Rodinia on March 30, 2012. Within a 1 km2 area in SEPL 552, known as the Jobs Hill Exempt Area, Hall/Wright have certain rights to develop and/or sell to Rodinia the upper 30 m of ground for a period of three years ending July 27, 2013.

The Above Rocks Inlier ("ABI") is located in east-central Jamaica. It consists of Cretaceous rocks of the (a) Mt. Charles Formation, which includes bedded greenish-gray bedded hornfelsed pelites, arkosic and conglomeratic beds, and (b) the Border Volcanic Group, which includes andesitic tuffs, lavas, agglomerates and conglomerates. These rocks have been intruded by Cretaceous–Early Tertiary Above Rock Intrusions comprised mainly of coarse-grained granitics in the granodiorite– adamellite composition range. The ARI is surrounded by Tertiary limestone except on its eastern edge where it is in fault contact with the Wagwater Formation, which consists primarily of conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones derived from older volcanic and sedimentary rock. The western edge of the Wagwater Belt is considered to be a normal fault, which may have been subjected to some recent (late Cenozoic) reverse movements.

Mineralization in the ARI is related to Cretaceous geologic and tectonic events. In the early to mid Cretaceous, Jamaica was the site of island arc volcanism, with the actual island arc migrating eastward with time. Crustal thickening followed by rifting along NW structures and then compression facilitated intrusive and mineralization activity. Following a subsequent period of tectonic quiescence, a late Cenozoic tectonic revival—mainly E-W sinistral faulting—occurred. Little mineralization appears to be associated with this later tectonism other than possible remobilization along the E-W faults and fracture planes. Late NE-trending faults focusing mineralization could possibly be related to extension.

The NNW trending faults are a case in point of structures associated with oblong intrusions with NW to NNW orientation, e.g. tonalites at Glengoffe–Freetown, and NW-trending mineralization, e.g. Sue River North–Lucky Hill. East–west trending faults in the ARI appear to have nil to minimal mineralization associated with them, but the NE trending fault at Jobs Hill is clearly the focus of copper ± gold ± silver mineralization.

Exploration is recommended that can concurrently address the possible locations and extents of (1) porphyry mineralization, and (2) more narrowly confined veins, mineralized shear zones and skarns. The latter may be economically attractive deposits and may also be distally related to the porphyry systems. The objective of all recommended programs is quality trenching and drilling targets.

In the Glengoffe–Freetown River area (the latter previously referred to as Sue River), NW trending tonalites bearing disseminated copper minerals and shear zones containing magnetite, copper,

sulphides and mineral-bearing quartz veins are evident. In addition to airborne magnetics and radiometrics flown along lines spaced at 100 m, it is recommended that widely spaced soil geochemical and soil gas surveys (50 x 200 m) be conducted, except in areas of known shear zones and tonalites. For areas where known tonalities and mineralized structures exist, closer spaced soil surveys (30 x 60 m) and mapping is recommended.

In the Florence Hill area, relatively narrow NW trending magnetite skarns with associated copper mineralization within shear zones cross a number of granitic intrusions; some alteration indicative of porphyry systems is also evident. A widely spaced soil geochemical and soil gas survey (100 x 200 m) and more mapping and rock sampling of the general area underlain by granitics is recommended, in addition to property level airborne geophysics. In the vicinity of the mineralized shear zones, the sampling interval along lines could be reduced to 25 m.

In the Allman Hill area, zones containing copper sulphides with magnetite are located along a NW- trending structural corridor running through the Allman Hill area. Tonalites, granite and hornfelsed sediments have been identified. It is recommended that data available be completely compiled and plotted in detail and that detailed mapping and soil sampling be continued to the east and southeast of the eastern Noranda soil grids and south of the western grids. Airborne magnetics and radiometrics with 100 m spaced lines are also recommended.

At Jobs Hill, three types of mineralization, of which the dominant type is near-surface oxide mineralization, parallel a NE-trending shear to the east of the Flower River Fault. It is recommended that (i) the data from Jobs Hill be completely compiled into a digitized format, and (ii) the area beyond the limit of the Jobs Hill Exclusion Area, west of the Flower River Fault and SSE to the northern edge of the Kingsweston tonalite be soil sampled, at 50 x 50 m grid initially. If detailed mapping and rock sampling, complimenting these soil surveys, indicates areas of greater mineralization, the soil surveys should be gridded in more detail.

At Kingsweston and Providence, tonalite and monzodiorite intrusions have been identified, but most copper mineralization is associated with NW-trending shear zones. It is recommended that area be mapped in detail and soil sampled on a 200 x 50 m grid with some shortening of sample intervals near identified mineralized shears.

At Mount Friendship, no work is recommended until airborne magnetic and radiometric data are collected. If at the time data suggest denser or conductive buried bodies, it is recommended that geophysical surveys be completed to better define these bodies.

2.0 INTRODUCTION On March 30, 2012, Carube Resources Inc. (“Carube”) acquired 100% of Rodinia Jamaica Ltd (“Rodinia”) and all of its Jamaican assets, which include four Special Exclusive Prospecting Licences1

1 Special Exclusive Prospecting Licences are located by reference to a post or beacon that is typically set at convenient map coordinates. Boundaries are also located from map coordinates and topographical maps. Licences require semi-annual activity/prospecting reports to be filed and are renewable on a yearly basis at nominal cost.

(“SEPLs”), two of which—the Mt Royal (SEPL 552) and Belvedere (SEPL 550) properties—are the focus of this report (Figs. 1, 2). The objective of this report is to review the legal status, geological setting, mineralization, exploration history, stream and soil geochemistry, and geology of mineral prospects in the nearly contiguous Mt Royal and Belvedere properties, both located in the Above Rocks Inlier of west-central Jamaica. Recommendations for future exploration will also be addressed. The other two properties being acquired through the same agreement are located in different parts of Jamaica and are reviewed in separate reports (Rampton and Cummings, 2012a,b).

Figure 1 Location of Mt Royal (SEPL 552) and Belvedere (SEPL 550) properties, Jamaica. Topographic image from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_ Jamaica #Climate.

Figure 2 Location of SEPL 550 and 552, showing boundary coordinates.

This report has been prepared as part of a due diligence exercise for the purchase of the SEPLs by Carube and to assist in preparation of any prospectus that might be required to support an initial prospectus offering (IPO) on a Toronto Stock Exchange. Carube purchased all of the capital stock of Rodinia Jamaica Ltd ("Rodinia"), which holds title to the two SEPLs, from Rodinia Resources Pty Ltd of Australia. The authors have prepared this report for internal use by Carube only.

3.0 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared in accordance with the guidelines of National Instrument 43-101 “Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects” and is based on data and geological information

gathered from public sources, government files and internal company reports and memoranda, namely from Tigers Realm Minerals Pty Ltd (“Tigers Realm”) and Rodinia. Background and historical information is derived from Jamaican government maps, reports, and files.

None of the authors are in a position to introduce the SEPLs as qualifying properties for an IPO under N.I. 43-101. Dr. Rampton, whom co-authored and directed the production of this report, is a qualified person (“QP”) under N.I. 43-101, but as President and CEO of Carube and CRJL, he is not independent. Dr. Cummings is a consulting geologist, but is not a QP in this particular field of geology.

Documents relating to the SEPLs were verified by the Corporation’s Secretary and Counsel in Kingston, Jamaica. Details of various SEPL agreements, both current and underlying, were derived from a review of relevant corporate files in the offices of Carube. Review of this information does not constitute a legal search.

The source information and the data presented in this report are believed to be reliable and accurate; however, earlier historic information is often incomplete and has not been totally validated by the authors. The authors are unaware of any material fact or material change with respect to the subject matter of this Technical Report that is not reflected in this Technical Report, the omission to disclose which makes the Technical Report misleading.

Dr. Rampton, Mr. Jeffrey Ackert and Mr. Richard Messenger from Carube visited the SEPLs on November 26 to 28, 2011. They were accompanied by Mr. Ben Jones, Mr. Paul Cromie and Mr. Surachat Saijen (Lek) from Tigers Realm, who had recently completed prospecting and rock sampling on the SEPLs. Locals employed during part of exploration were engaged to assist in the location of old trenches, adits, shafts and showings.

4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION

4.1 Location The Mt Royal and Belvedere properties are located in a rural area approximately 20 km north of Kingston, Jamaica (Fig. 1). Each covers about 52 km2, for a total of 104 km2. They lie primarily within the Parish of St Andrew.

4.2 Land Tenure SEPLs 550 and 552 were first registered on September 19, 2006 to Stuart Hall and Julian Bartlett, both then of Greater Antilles Minerals Inc. (Table 1). On February 21, 2008, Rodinia Resources Pty Ltd entered into an option agreement for 100% interest for both SEPLs whereby subject to certain terms they could exercise the option agreement. Subsequently, it was exercised and in July 2010, the SEPLs were formerly transferred to Rodinia, a wholly owned subsidiary of Rodinia Resources Pty Ltd of Australia. One of the terms was conditions tied to the “Jobs Hill Exempt Area” (Fig. 3). On August 1, 2011, Tigers Realm entered into a binding joint venture agreement with Rodinia to explore all of its Jamaican licences. On March 20, 2012, the SEPLs were endorsed to renew them

until September 19, 2012. They can be renewed annually provided the licensee keeps them in good standing.

SEPL 550 and SEPL 552 were originally licensed for gold exploration only2. On March 20, 2012, Rodinia received an endorsement adding silver, copper, molybdenum, lead, and zinc to the SEPL.

On March 30, 2012, ownership of Rodinia was transferred to Carube after Tigers Realm terminated their binding joint venture agreement with Rodinia and bound all parties to the sale of Rodinia to Carube for certain compensation.

Figure 3 The Jobs Hill Exempt Area (Herbert et al. 2008). Corner points of the exempt area (WGS84 18N) are as follows: 1—265,600 E, 170,000 N; 2—265,600 E, 169,000 N; 3—264,600 E, 169,000 N; 264,600 E, 170,000 N. Total exempt area is 1 km2.

2 There may have been some misunderstanding on this issue: Bartlett (2007, 2008, 2009, 2011b) incorrectly states that the two SEPLs are licenced "…to explore for copper, gold, and silver".

Table 1 Details of SEPL 550 (Belvedere) and SEPL 552 (Mount Royal) First Endorsements Current Licensed General location, size Corner points registered licensee for Corner Easting* Northing* SEPL Signed Sept 1st –Renewed until Sept 19, 2008 Rodinia Au, Ag, Cu, Belvedere, Above Rocks, 1 271,000 164,000 550 19, 2006; 2nd – Renewed until Sept 19, 2009 Mo, Pb, Zn Golden River, Cavaliers, 2 271,000 160,000 stamped 3rd – Renewed until Sept 19, 2010 Temple Hall Estate, 3 270,000 160,000 September 4th – Transferred to Rodinia, July Mount Dakin, Rock Hall; 4 270,000 158,000 20, 2006, by 17, 2010 52 km2 5 262,000 158,000 Stuart Hall 5th – Renewed until Sept 19, 2011 6 262,000 164,000 of Australia SEPL Signed Sept 1st – Renewed until Sept 19, 2008 Rodinia Au, Ag, Cu, Mount Royal, Jobs Hill, 1 268,000 171,000 552 19, 2006; 2nd – Renewed until Sept 19, 2009 Mo, Pb, Zn Sue River, Wey Hill, 2 268,000 169,000 stamped 3rd – Renewed until Sept 19, 2010 Belmont, Retrieve, Two 3 269,000 169,000 September 4th – Transferred to Rodinia, July Rivers, Belgar, 4 269,000 166,000 20, 2006, by 27, 2010 Pembroke, Glengoffe, 5 268,000 166,000 Julian 5th – Renewed until Sept 19, 2011 Mount Concorde; 52 6 268,000 165,000 Bartlett of 6th – Renewed until Sept 19, 2012 km2 7 260,000 165,000 Australia 8 260,000 171,000 *WGS84 18N2

Conditions governing the Jobs Hill Exempt Area are that during the three year period following July 27, 2010, Stuart Hall and David Wright may (i) conduct copper exploration activities (subject to all applicable law, environmental regulations and statutory requirements) at a level not exceeding 30 metres below original ground level, (ii) take any reasonable steps required to apply for a mining lease in respect of those activities and (iii) conduct feasibility studies relating to those activities and steps (the “Permitted Use”). Also, if prior to July 27, 2013, Hall and Wright have completed a bankable feasibility study, Rodinia may terminate Hall and Wright’s right to the Permitted Purposes by paying them a sum of $500,000 AUS. If a mining lease is granted to Hall and Wright prior to July 27, 2013, Rodinia may purchase this lease by paying Hall and Wright 2.5 times Hall and Wright’s audited expenditures up to registration of the mining lease in Rodinia’s name. To our knowledge at this date, Hall and Wright have not been active within the Jobs Hill Exempt Area.

The Jamaican mining law (inherited from the British in the 1940's) allows for exploration and development of mineral deposits as long as adequate compensation is paid to surface landowners for loss of surface use and crop damage (Pyle 1992a). The Jamaican mining law provides for a royalty based on yield (value per ton of ore) which for this type of deposit should approximately equate to 5% of net profits (deductions are allowed for mining, transportation, treatment, amortization and G&A). There is a 17.5% general consumption tax on all goods and services. The Jamaican income tax rate is 25%. Precedent exists from the bauxite operations to allow for offshore accounts and duty free importation of equipment and fuels. Jamaica has cooperative tax treaties with the United States and Canada and no limits on repatriation of profits. Although a tough bauxite-specific royalty was imposed by the government during the 1970's, it appears that a favorable financial regime exists at present for metallic mineral operations in Jamaica.

5.0 ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCE, INFRASTRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY

5.1 Access, Infrastructure and Local Resources The properties are easily accessed by car. A primary road, Highway A3 (“A3”), runs north from Kingston across the properties. Multiple local roads, both paved and unpaved, branch out from A3 and extend throughout the properties. Their spacing is generally at 2 km intervals; traverses across

inter-road areas can therefore be short. Some dirt roads can be difficult to navigate during rainy seasons.

Surface ownership on the properties is extensive. Houses are commonly spaced every few tens of metres to few hundred metres along roads. Negotiations with land owners should be pursued as a courtesy before entering properties, and compensation to land owners should be discussed as an option when performing more intrusive types of exploration. Exploration can proceed year-round.

In terms of infrastructure and resources required for exploration, electricity and non-potable water are available across the property at most household sites. On-site water supply may be an issue during dry seasons; water trucks are an option. In terms of resources and infrastructure needed to operate a mine, the properties are large enough to accommodate mine, mill, waste, and tailings disposal facilities. Aggregate could be sourced from sand and gravel in modern rivers or from limestone-crushing operations (Scott and Harrison 2008). Because Jamaica is the third largest producer of bauxite ore in the world, open-pit mining/milling personnel and equipment should be available, though experienced underground mining personnel may be scarce (Harron 2011). Because of the bauxite industry and tourism, ports exist in Jamaica that can accommodate large, fully loaded vessels. Shipping would be facilitated by proximity to the Jamaica Channel and the Cayman Trench, the main sea lanes for the Panama Canal. Since Jamaica has no known hydrocarbon reserves, any mining operations would have to rely on imported fuel (Cromie 2011), as is the case for both the bauxite industry and most Jamaican households, which rely on electricity generated from imported diesel fuel. Cromie (2011) suggests that lack of an inexpensive, domestic fuel source has been a key factor in deterring extensive base-metal exploration in Jamaica.

5.2 Physiography, Climate, Vegetation and Soils The island of Jamaica is 230 km long and 70 km wide (Fig. 1). It has a mountainous bedrock interior (maximum elevation 2256 m a.s.l.) that descends rapidly to isolated Quaternary alluvial plains—the flat, dark green areas in Figure 1 (elevations 0–100 m a.s.l.). The Mt Royal and Belvedere properties are located in the mountainous (hilly) interior of the island in a subtle, 20 km wide depression just east of the Blue Mountains. Prominent lineaments define the southern and eastern boundaries of the depression (Fig. 4). Terrain is rugged, and consists of steep rounded hills, each several tens to several hundred meters high, separated by high-gradient incised gravel-bed streams (Fig. 5). Landslides are common, especially following intense rainfall events. A subtle drainage divide runs through the area, separating upper tributaries of the eastward-then-southward-draining Rio Pedro River from upper tributaries of the northward-draining Wagwater River.

Figure 4 Topographic image of eastern Jamaica (digital elevation model from http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/File:Jamaica-TF.jpg).

Figure 5 A representative stream in the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties. Note the boulder-rich stream bed. This particular stream drains the Allman Hill prospect. Photo courtesy of Paul Cromie, Tiger Realm.

Jamaica is characterized by different climate regimes on its north and south side (Fig. 6). The north side is warm and wet. Mean annual temperature is 25–30°C1. Warm trade winds approach the island from the east and northeast. As they encounter the mountainous interior, they rise, cool adiabatically, and lose their moisture, generating orographic rainfall throughout the year. The south side of the island, by contrast, sits in the rain shadow of the mountains. It has a similar mean annual temperature but is semiarid. In addition to these spatial variations in precipitation,

temporal (seasonal) variations also occur: there are two annual rainy seasons, a minor one in May and a major one in August–November.

The Mt Royal and Belvedere SEPLs straddle the boundary between wet and dry parts of the island. Mt Royal (SEPL 552) is located farther north and receives 200–300 mm of rain annually. Belvedere is located farther south and receives 80–140 mm of rain per year.

Figure 6 Mean annual precipitation in Jamaica (from http://postville7.pbworks.com/w/page/ 24018718/ Jamaica%27s%20Geography).

Submontane subtropical and tropical rain forest with patches of open shrubland cover the properties (Fig. 7). Some land is used for subsistence farming (McGlashan et al. 2008). Most soils are inceptisols, with entisols and oxisols present in the south half of Belvedere (Fig. 8). Regionally, and commonly locally, there is a correlation between soil geochemistry and underlying geology (Fig. 9). In places, there is also a correlation between vegetation and geology; for example, copper-rich soils that overlie zones of mineralized bedrock are commonly vegetated by copper-rich soil loving ferns (Fig. 10). Soils on steep slopes in the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties are "…probably only one or two feet deep, with greater depths at the base of slopes near the streams" (Debnam 1968). In many places, a normal soil profile has not developed (Arnott, 1969); for example, Debnam (1968) notes that the B horizon—the zone of clay accumulation and precipitation that is commonly targeted when soil sampling—is commonly absent. Although soils are thin, weathering and leaching can extend tens of meters downward into the bedrock (Fenton, 1979; Gleeson, 1991a).

Older terra-rosa type soils, if present, may contain substantial amounts of Central American– derived late Miocene felsic volcanic ash, and may be characterized by geochemistries that reflect this (Gleeson, 1991a; Garrett, 2008). Allochtonous volcanic ash is suspected to be the main source of alumina in Jamaican bauxite deposits, which occur exclusively in areas of karst terrain (see review in Donovan 2002).

Figure 7 Vegetation map of eastern Jamaica (Caribbean Vegetation Mapping Initiative, 2000) with representative Google Earth image of vegetation cover on a portion of the property.

Figure 8 Soils in eastern Jamaica (Garrett and Lalor, 2004) draped over a digital elevation model. Red boxes correspond to SEPL 552 (Mt Royal; northern box) and SEPL 550 (Belvedere; southern box).

Figure 9 The Fe/Na ratio of the <150 µm fraction of Jamaican soil samples (from Lalor et al., 1995), plotted relative to major bedrock provinces. The Fe/Na ratio is believed related to soil maturity index, with mature soils having higher Fe/Na ratios (Garrett and Lalor, 2004). KI = Cretaceous inliers; WT = Wagwater Trough and Richmond Formation; YL = Yellow Limestone; WL = White Limestone; CL = Coastal Limestone; QS = Quaternary sediment.

Figure 10 Copper-rich soil loving ferns overlying mineralized zone, Jobs Hill (Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007).

6.0 HISTORY

6.1 Regional Exploration History Fenton (1979) states that the first reported exploration work in the Above Rocks Inlier was at Jobs Hill in the 1860s (Fig. 11); the actual work completed is unknown. This statement ignores any exploitation of minerals by aboriginal or colonial groups prior to this. Three adits and one shaft were completed at Allman Hill in the early 1900s, but no results were recorded. Again in the 1930s, Alcolex sunk three shafts and one adit at Jobs Hill.

Exploration employing relatively modern geochemical techniques began seriously in 1956 when Burrex Mines Ltd (“Burrex”) started collecting soil and sediment samples in the Above Rocks Inlier. This was continued by Noranda Exploration Co Ltd. (“Noranda”), Denison Mines Ltd (“Denison”) and Cominco Ltd (“Cominco”) through to 1971; trenching and core drilling was also part of these campaigns. From time to time, the Geological Survey of Jamaica would conduct in-stream sediment and bedrock sampling.

Exploration was again reinvigorated for the period from 1986 to 1994 due to (i) world-wide economic conditions and (ii) stream sediment sampling of the Cretaceous Inliers by the Canadian International Development Agency (“CIDA”); companies involved were Jam-Can Resources Inc (“Jam-Cam), Geofine (Jamaica) Limited and/or Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd (“Geofine”), Noranda Exploration Co Ltd (“Noranda”), Denison Mines Ltd (“Denison”), Clarendon Mining Limited (“Clarendon”) , and BHP–Utah International Exploration Inc (“BHP”) (Fig.12 and Table 2). Again, following economic trends, the exploration industry mainly ignored the Above Rocks Inlier until 2006 when Greater Antilles Minerals Inc acquired the Mt Royal and Belvedere SEPLs and began a prospecting campaign. This was further invigorated in 2011 when Tigers Realm optioned a number of SEPLS, including Mt Royal and Belvedere.

Jobs Hill, Allman Hill, Sue River and Kingsweston prospects have been core drilled, but no drilling has been completed during the last 40 years.

6.2 Exploration History of Prospects

6.2.1 Prospecting and Mapping Grab and channel sampling of outcrop was undoubtedly part of most programs completed in the past with results simply merged into program reports without specific reference. Lately it has become a formal part of programs for new companies familiarizing themselves with the prospectivity of an area; in some instances rock sampling was a key element for assessing the mineralization of an area or prospect. The following are significant programs (see also Table 3):

(i) Sue River: Two adits, 0.37% Cu over 140 m and 0.88% Cu over 16 m (Burrex 1957) (ii) Belvedere: Channel sample across 29 m of “malachite stained” rock yielded 0.84% Cu (Noranda, 1966)

(iii) Jobs Hill: “Waste rocks” below adit and shaft mouth grabs yielded 36–310 ppm Ag, 46– 890 ppb Au and 1000-39000 ppm Ba, which suggested precious metal potential (Jam-Can in 1987) (iv) Mt Friendship: Seventy five samples of mineralized float, consisting of (a) propylitically altered granodiorite, (b) silicified and brecciated volcanic rock and sheared and weathered clasts of granodiorite and volcanic rocks in conglomerate; 2 samples mineralized volcanics averaged 9.97% Cu. Outcroping mineralized granodiorite was not sampled or assayed (Geofine/Noranda 1992). (v) Allman Hill: In situ rock and float sample results (Geofine 1992) Type Total #>1% Cu Average maximum of rocks exceeding 1% Skarn 100 69 1.9% 6.3% Grandiorite 111 34 1.4% 6.1% Hornfels 22 4 1.1% (1) 3.3% (1) Also 0.9% Zn and 213 ppb Au

(vi) Allman Hill: Results from rock chip and float samples plotted on Noranda/Geofine map (1994) appear to be same samples as referred to in (v). (vii) Jobs Hill: Five samples from road cut returned values of 3340–5520 ppm Cu and 4–25 ppb Au (Greater Antilles Minerals Inc 2006).

Figure 11 Exploration history, Mt Royal and Belvedere SEPLs. Only exploration campaigns that collected significant data (e.g., samples that were assayed) are listed. Compiled from Bailey (1956), Cochrane (1963), Meyer (1963), Williams (1964a,b), Burrex (1964), Williams (1965a,b), Debnam (1968), Arnott (1969), Paton (1969), Cominco (1969), Fenton (1975, 1979), Wallace (1987), Bloom (1991), Garrett and Geddes (1991), Gleeson (1991a,b), Clarendon (1994a), Geofine (1992), Geofine (1994a-g), Bartlett (2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011b), Great Antilles Minerals (2007), Cromie (2010), Nicolson (2011a,b), and Jones (2012).

Table 2 SUMMARY OF PREVIOUS WORK, SEPL 552 (MT ROYAL) AND SEPL 550 (BELVEDERE)

Date

work

Reference Company & date of work

Border

JobsHill MtOlive

ZionHill

MtRoyal

Castleton

Glengoffe

SueRiver

Belvedere Hill Lucky

MtCharles

AllmanHill

Providence

JocksCastle

MtFlorence

TempleHall

Harkers Hall Harkers

FlorenceHill

KingsWeston MtFriendship

1860s Fenton, 1979 Unknown W 1930s Fenton, 1979 Ancolex A, Sh 1953 Fenton, 1979 Geological Survey Sw 1956 Bailey, 1956; Fenton, 1979 Burrex Mines Ltd S,St 1957 D,R Fenton, 1979 Burrex Mines Ltd x,St 1963 Cochrane, 1963; Meyer, 1963; Noranda G,S,D Williams, 1964a 1964 Williams, 1964b Noranda S 1965 Williams, 1965a,b; Fenton, Burrex Mines Ltd D 1979 1966 Reed, 1966 Geological Survey S? S?,C 1967 Debnam, 1968 Denison Mines Ltd St 1968 Cominco, under option to – Bartlett, 2007 D D,S Burrex 1970 1968 Arnott, 1969 Denison Mines Ltd S,St 1968 Paton, 1969 Geological Survey S? S? 1969 Paton, 1969 Geological Survey S 1969? Fenton, 1975 & 1979 Denison Mines Ltd D 1976 Fenton, 1979 Geological Survey M,T 1986 Garrett and Geddes, 1991; S Gleeson, 1991a,b; Garrett et al., CIDA St St St St St St St St St St St St St St St St St St St t 2004 1987 Wallace, 1987 Jam-Cam Resources Inc Rx, WR 1991? Bloom, 1991 (Bloom, 1991 Jam-Can Resources Inc R,T,St summarized in Bartlett, 2009) 1992 R,St,R St,R Geofine, 1992 Geofine–Noranda x,F ,F 1994? S,Ch, Geofine, 1994a-g Geofine–Noranda Mag 1994 Hyland, 1994; Bartlett, 2009 BHP–Clarendon St St St St 2006 Bartlett, 2006b Greater Antilles Minerals T 2007 Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007 Greater Antilles Minerals Rx 2008 Bartlett, 2008 R R R R 2009 Bartlett, 2009 R,T, Rx 2011 R RG, Bartlett, 2011b Rodinia Jamaica Ltd RG,R RG RG RG RG RG RG RG,R RG RG RG RG RG RG RG RG RG RG G R 2011 Nicolson, 2011a Tigers Realm Minerals R R,F 2011 Nicolson, 2011b Tigers Realm Minerals R 2011 Jones, 2012 Tigers Realm Minerals R,C R R,C R,C R,C R R R,C R R R,C R,C A = Adit; C = Rock chip samples; Ch = Channel sampling; D = Diamond drilling; F = Float samples; G = Grid established; GR = Review and compile prior data; M = Mapping; Mag = Magnetometer data; R = Reconnaissance; RG = Reprocessed existing geophysical data; Rx = Rock samples (in situ); S = Soil sampling; Sh = Shaft; St = Stream sediment sampling; Sw = Stream water; T = Trenching; W = Workings; WR = Waste rock samples.

Table 3 Soil, stream, float & rock samples, Mt Royal (SEPL 552) and Belvedere (SEPL 550) properties Year Company Location Type of data Notes References 1986 CIDA Terrain Stream Garrett and overlying Sediment Geddes, 1991; the highly samples Gleeson, prospective 1991a,b; Garrett Cretaceous et al., 2004 inliers, Jamaica 1988 University Entire 165 soil  "Sampling was at a nominal density of 1 site per 64 km2 in order to Lalor et al., determine the background levels of a range of major, minor and trace of West island of samples elements of agricultural, ecosystem and human health interests" (Garrett 1995; Garrett Indies Jamaica (spacing = 1 and Lalor, 2004) and Lalor, 2004; sample per 64  "The data revealed that, in general, soils overlying mid-Eocene to early Garrett et al., sq km) Miocene Yellow and White Limestones are characterized by extremely 2004; Garrett, high levels of As, Cd, and a 'resistate mineral' suite including U, Th, Hf, Cr, 2008 and Ti and the rare earth elements (REEs) (Lalor et al., 1995; 1998, 1999). The high levels of As are of interest as they imply metal accumulations of possible economic interest in parts of Jamaica generally considered to have low mineral potential (Garrett and Geddes, 1991); and high Cd levels are cause for as yet unconfirmed health concerns (Lalor et al., 2001)." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004). 1994 Clarendon– Across Stream sed  Defines gold anomalies centered on Border. Hylands, 1994 BHP much of Mt samples Clarendon, Royal 1994a property (SEPL 552) 1957 Burrex Sue River Rock samples  "The results of sampling in two adits…shows 0.37% Cu over 1,500 sq ft Fenton, 1979 from two old and 0.88% Cu over 53 ft (16 m) respectively…" (Fenton, 1979) adits 1957 Burrex Sue River Soil and/or  Extent and results of this soil/stream survey are unknown, besides the Fenton, 1979 stream sed statement in Fenton (1979) that "This general area was found to be samples? anomalous for copper in a stream sediment survey fun by Burrex." 1969 Cominco Sue River– Soil sampling Maps not available Paton, 1969 Glengoffe  "Extension of geochemical soil surveys in the Sue River–Glengoffe area has established continuity between the two anomalous areas area defined by D.L. Cooke's work early in 1968. The combined copper anomaly as defined by the 100 ppm contour is now approx.. 10,000 ft by 3,000 ft along the contact of the granodiorite and hornfelsic rocks. Two well-defined highs exist within this area, the Sue River anomaly in the north and the Glengoffe anomaly to the south; the former also carries anomalous molybdenum values." (Paton, 1969)  "As a result of detailed geological mapping of the Sue River prospect in 1976 by the Geological Survey, it was shown that the soil anomaly previously delineated by Cominco Ltd (1968b) was centered on a tonalite plug…The copper concentrations in soils over the tonalite were up to 2,000 ppm and over." (Fenton, 1979) 1976 Geological Sue River Trench samples  "Seven trenches average 80 feet (24 m) in length, cut in weathered rock Fenton, 1979 Survey in the tonalite plug indicated an average of 0.35% Cu" (Fenton, 1979) Division 1963 Noranda Allman Hill >1000 soil  Soil sampling conducted on a grid. Samples collected on cross-lines at 50 Cochrane, 1963; samples; several ft intervals (cross-line spacing = 100 ft). Samples analyzed in Noranda Meyer, 1963, hundred silt lab set up in Kingston, Jamaica. Samples only analyzed for Cu (using Williams, 1964a Biquinoline colourametric method for soil samples, and hot hydrochloric stream samples acid method for stream samples). Main geochem anomaly associated with granodiorite–sediment contact, possibly especially where shears or fractures intersect the contact (Williams, 1964a) 1964 Noranda Greater 520 silt stream  "Geochemical silt sampling and prospecting of all the larger stream Williams, 1964b Allman Hill samples; >100 valleys and some follow-up soil sampling was carried out during the area soil samples months of April and May, 1964…Mr. R. Phillips analyzed 520 silt samples and over 100 soil samples at the laboratory located at 18 Charlton Road, Kingston. The results of the sampling are shown on Map No. 1. The only appreciable build-up of copper values in the silts can be traced to the Allman Hill showings which had been extensively sampled by Noranda last summer. Some high silt values south of Allman Hill near the Rock Hall road, others west of Allman Hill, and still others south of Sandy Hill all seem to originate in pyrite-bearing zones in the granodiorite or the hornfels, often near a granodiorite–hornfels contact. The small Carr Hill iron and copper showing is also well-reflected in the silt sampling results and does not appear to have any major extensions." (Williams, 1964b)  "The only appreciable build-up of copper values in the area surveyed could be traced to the Allman Hill showing. The small Carr Hill iron– copper showing was also reflected in the results." (Noranda, 1965)

1967 Denison Greater >2000 silt (80  Three Cu anomlies identified—Allman Hill, Mt Industry and Good Hope. Debnam, 1968 "The three anomalies…occur in the zone of high copper background and Allman Hill mesh; <0.178 all are at or near the granodiorite–Mt Charles contact." (Debnam, 1968) area mm fraction)  "The length of the anomalous drainage train in Stoney River from stream sed anomaly A [i.e., Allman Hill] is encouraging. It extends for a distance of samples at least two miles…" (Debnam, 1968)  "The present results indicate that any significant copper mineralization in the anomalous areas is probably confined to very local zones although much large zones of lower grade mineralization may surround these local zones" (Debnam, 1968)

1968 Denison Allman Hill Stream sed and  Detailed follow-up sampling at Allman Hill Arnott, 1969 "The anomalous area [at Allman Hill] is underlain by granodiorite and is soil sampling centered on the crest of a hill. The highest point of this hill is covered by a limestone capping which is unlikely to be more than a few tens of feet in thickness." (Arnott, 1969) 1992 Geofine– Greater Stream  "…the [Allman Hill] copper anomaly is based on 186 anomalous stream Geofine, 1992 sediment samples with values ranging between 80 and 940 ppm, and Noranda Allman Hill sediment averaging 188 ppm copper. The copper anomaly is the most prospective area samples (semi- in terms of consistency and magnitude that Geofine has encountered in regional follow Jamaica." (Geofine, 1992). Total samples – 274 up on CIDA  "In the Allman Hill target area, a strong regional copper-zinc-arsenic stream sediment anomaly was partially outlined over a 2.5 km by 2.5 km work) area, thus confirming the CIDA anomalies. Detailed stream sampling suggested that the main source of the copper is associated with skarnified granodiorite and limestone that is located mainly to the southeast of Allman Hill and that remains open for extension." (Geofine, 1992) All results are not available 1992 Geofine– Allman Hill 233 samples of  Skarn rock and float samples: 100 samples collected; 69 are >0.1% Cu, Geofine, 1992 Noranda rock and float max = 6.3% Cu, ave of the 69 samples = 1.86% Cu (Geofine, 1992)  Granodiorite rock and float samples: 111 samples collected; 34 are >0.1% Cu, max = 6.11% Cu, ave of the 34 samples = 1.38% Cu (Geofine, 1992)  Hornfels rock and float samples: 22 samples collected; 4 are >0.1% Cu, max = 3.34% Cu, ave of the 4 samples = 1.12% Cu, 0.88% Zn, and 213 ppb Au (Geofine, 1992) 1994 Geofine– Allman Hill Soil, float, and Details listed on maps (Geofine, 1994a-g) See above for summary of results. Geofine, 1994a- Noranda East rock chip g samples 1994 Clarendon– Allman Hill Soil samples Samples collected on grid: Approximately 850 soil samples on 40m x 40m Hylands, 1994 (?) grid with copper anomalies. BHP "Rock samples from the exposure near the adit averaged 0.5% Cu over 50 m, while the overlying soils returned less than 0.04% Cu. Zn values in the soil more closely approximated the rock values." (Hylands, 1994) "The orientation of the copper contours may indicate a structural control to the copper mineralization. In general, the "anomalies" are oriented NE-SW on the eastern side of the grid, and end against a NNW linear anomaly near the center of the grid." (Hylands, 1994) 2011 Tiger Realm Allman Hill Chip samples  Best of 17 chip samples yielded >10 ppm Ag, 2% Cu, 224 ppm Pb, 1040 Jones, 2012 Minerals ppm Zn 1956 Burrex Jobs Hill Soil samples; Bailey, 1956; stream sed Fenton, 1979 sediment 1964 Burrex Jobs Hill Soil samples  Samples collected on a grid 2000 ft by 500 ft and defined a broad copper Burrex, 1964, anomaly paralleling the granodiorite dyke 1966; Williams, 1965a 1987? Jam-Can Jobs Hill Rock samples at  Extensive copper staining near shaft. The "best" waste rock samples Wallace, 1987 shaft mouth; yielded values of 80–160 ppb Ag, 46–890 ppm Au, and 1000–39000 Ba, waste rock whereas the "best" shaft-mouth samples yielded values of 36–310ppm Ag, 48–370ppm Au, and 1600–26000 Ba (Wallace, 1987). samples in stream downflow of adit 2006 Greater Jobs Hill Trench(?)  5 samples collected from a disused road cut. These returned values of Bartlett, 2006; Antilles samples 3340–5520 ppm Cu and 0.04–0.075 ppm Au. Greater Antilles Minerals Inc Minerals, 2007 2011 Tiger Realm Florence Chip samples  Three chip samples returned 0.463% Cu over 2 m, 0.288% Cu over 1.25 Nicolson, 2011a Minerals Hill m, and 0.688% Cu over 1.5 m. with Mo ranging from 22–316 ppm 1969 Cominco Kings- Soil sampling Maps not available. Soil sampling in the Kings Weston area revealed an Paton, 1969 weston irregular copper anomaly 5,000 ft by 3,000 ft as defined by the 100 ppm contour, containing many low areas and some highs (in excess of 1,000 ppm). The anomaly roughly conforms with an intrusive andesite mass and neighbouring monzonite and/or syenite intrusives. The andesite carries copper mineralization and is considered the important host rock here." (Paton, 1969) 1969 Cominco Kings- Trench samples  "A trench sample over a showing in weathered andesites at Kings Weston Paton, 1969 weston assayed 0.24% over 265 ft with very little observable copper mineralization" (Paton, 1969)

1992 Geofine– Mt 75 float samples  "…fairly ubiquitous, apparently high grade float, well mineralized with Geofine, 1992 Noranda Friendship copper minerals including malachite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite and possibly tetrahedrite and tennanite, was discovered in a number of gullies both on and to the north and east of the property. The mineralization is associated with propylitically altered granodiorite, with silicified, fractured and brecciated volcanic rock, and with sheared and weathered clasts of granodiorite and volcanic rock in unsorted heterolithic conglomerate." (Geofine, 1992). 75 float samples had been collected from Mt Friendship area, but only two had been assayed (ave 9.97% Cu) at the time of writing (Geofine, 1992) 1966 Geological Bog Hill Soil? Stream  Survey identified a geochem anomaly and malachite showing at Reed, 1966 Survey Quadrangle sed? Belvedere Noranda, 1965 / Belvedere Fenton, 1979 1966? Geological Belvedere Channel "Channel samples across a malachite stained area proved a mineralized zone Noranda, 1965 Survey samples 9.5 ft in width with an average copper grade of 0.84%. Results of the geochemical survey suggest that an orebody of economic grade and dimensions at that locatity is unlikely (GSD annual report, 1966, p. 14)." (Noranda, 1965)

6.2.2 Stream and Soil Geochemistry Geochemistry has been a primary means of delineating areas of potential mineralization in Jamaica. Results of surveys cannot always be located, but the following surveys delineated or defined mineralization (see also Table 3):

(i) Allman Hill: Noranda (1963) collected over 1000 soil samples and analyzed them for copper using Biquinoline colorimetric method. Results indicated that anomalous samples mirrored a granodiorite/sediment contact where fractures intersected the contact (Williams 1964a). Good copper anomalies were located at the westernmost part of the area sampled. (ii) Allman Hill: Denison Mines (1967) completed a stream sediment sampling program that identified the Allman Hill prospect and allowed them to conclude that anomalies traced the granodiorite contact and that low grade zones may form halos around high grade zones. (iii) Allman Hill: Geofine (1992–1994) completed a stream sediment survey that suggested the copper source was associated with skarnified granodiorite. (iv) Allman Hill: Clarendon–BHP took about 850 soil samples in 1994 on a 40 m x 40 m grid and analyzed for Cu, amongst other elements. In general, anomalies are oriented ENE–WSW especially on areas expected to be underlain by granodiorite with a NNW overprint throughout. Structural control is postulated. (v) Jobs Hill: Burrex collected soil samples in 1964 on a grid measuring approximately 2000 ft by 500 ft and oriented in a NE direction. A significant broad copper anomaly (defined by the 400 ppm contour) parallels a NE trending granodiorite dyke, which in turn parallels shears cutting Wagwater Formation and Cretaceous volcanics. (vi) Sue River: In 1957, Burrex collected stream samples from the Sue River area that were found to be anomalous for copper. (vii) Sue River–Glengoffe: In 1969, Cominco defined a large 10,000 ft by 3,000 ft copper in soils anomaly (defined by 100 ppm contour) connecting the Sue River copper in soils anomaly and the Glengoffe copper in soils anomaly. (viii) Kingsweston: In 1969, Cominco defined an irregular 5,000 ft by 3,000 ft copper anomaly (100 ppm contour) (ix) Above Rocks: In 1986, CIDA conducted regional scale stream sediment sampling over Jamaica's Cretaceous inliers and numerous metallic anomalies were defined within the Above Rocks Inlier, including a broad Cu anomaly at 10 sample sites near Glengoffe, a Te-Sb

anomaly at 2 sample sites near Jobs Hill, and an Au-Ag-Pb anomaly at 3 sample sites near Temple Hall–Mt Friendship (CIDA 1988). Gleeson (1991b) also analyzed the data and defined a broad Au anomaly that extends E–W across the Belvedere SEPL, and a broad Au anomaly centered east of the SEPLs that extends into the Temple Hall–Mt Friendship area.

6.2.3 Geophysics Regional geophysical surveys have been completed over Jamaica and over the Above Rocks Inlier. Rodinia has reprocessed them: the two SEPLs herein lie along the NE edge of a complex magnetic high and the southern edge of a gravity high.

Local surveys over individual prospects are few, with only the magnetometer survey completed by Clarendon in 1994 being a systematic and meaningful survey. They completed two grids at Allman Hill, one 500 m by 350 m and the other 800 m by 2,000 m. The results appear to show values and patterns related to (i) underlying lithologies and (ii) structural trends; correlation with the surface geochemical patterns is limited, suggesting a near surface change in rock type. The magnetometer survey of Noranda's Allman Hill East Grid (Fig. 12) does not coincide closely with Noranda's copper in soils (Cu) for the same area (Fig. 13). The Cu contours have a northeasterly trend within a broad triangle having its apex near the northwest corner of the grid. On the other hand, the magnetic contours, specifically in areas of elevated readings, seem to define broad areas (possibly subsurface intrusive bodies). The upper area of elevated readings forms a tilted U shape with the westerly limb projecting to a similar elevated area of Noranda's westerly grid where samples of altered sulphide- rich granodiorite gave values of 1.33 to 4.64% Cu during a due diligence property review (see Table 14).

Figure 12 Contours from a 1994 Clarendon magnetometer survey on Noranda's Allman Hill East Grid.

Figure 13 Copper concentration in soil samples collected by Clarendon in 1994 on Noranda's Allman Hill East Grid.

Table 4 Geophysical data, Mt Royal (SEPL 552) and Belvedere (SEPL 550) properties Year Company Location Type of data Notes References 1957? Burrex Sue River Induced Referenced in Fenton (1979), but data not available Fenton (1979) polarization 1968 McPhar Geophysics Allman Hill Induced Referenced in Pyle, polarization 1992 1994 Geofine–Noranda Allman Hill Magnetometer Isolated traverse line Geofine, 1994f 1994 Clarendon–BHP Allman Hill Magnetometer Survey clearly conducted on two grids, Allman Hill East Hylands, 1994; and Allman Hill West Clarendon, 1994d,e "Magnetic anomalies do not coincide with any of the geochemical highs. Magnetic highs are peripheral to the Pb/Zn anomalies, but do not appear to be related to the Cu highs." (Hylands, 1994) Late CIDA All of Jamaica Magnetometer, 1980s radiometric

6.2.4 Trenching Few trenching activities have been reported; this would lead us to believe that observations and assays have not always been retained. Reported trenches with results are as follows.

(i) Kingsweston: Cominco (1969) reported 0.24% Cu over 80 m from a trench with little visible copper mineralization. (ii) Sue River: The Jamaican Geological Survey excavated seven trenches over a tonalite near Glengoffe for a total of approximately 170 m. They reported an average grade of

0.35% Cu over this length. Values in the surrounding granodiorite and volcanics were significantly lower. (iii) Allman Hill: Clarendon evidently did a fair bit of trenching, but only the records from one trench are available. The trench is located in the SE portion of the grid, near an old adit. The host rock has been described as a meta-volcanic/hornfels(?). Copper values over 58 m range from 1730 ppm to 8590 ppm and averaged over 0.5% Cu.

6.2.5 Drilling All exploration drilling pre-dates 1969. Twenty one cored drill holes totalling 1470 m and 24 augured holes ranging between 1.2 and 8.5 m in depth have been completed and recorded. Most drilling was completed at Jobs Hill and Allman Hill.

(i) Jobs Hill: Burrex drilled seven core holes in 1965 for a total of 595 m with poor core recovery. Holes were drilled outside of the granodiorite dyke and sludge samples were generally in the range of 0.1% Cu, with short intervals yielding 0.5 to 1% Cu. It is possible that some holes were drilled prior to this date as Burrex maps show “old DDHs”. (ii) Jobs Hill: Burrex augured 24 holes outside of the granodiorite dyke in areas believed to host low-grade mineralization; these holes yielded on average grade of 0.08% Cu. (iii) Allman Hill: In 1963, Noranda drilled a short hole (18 m) west of Stony River and did not intercept competent or mineralized rock. (iv) Allman Hill: Deninson(?) drilled 3 holes in 1969 totalling 222 m. Sludge samples generally yielded less than 0.1% Cu. (v) Sue River (Freetown): Burrex drilled 9 holes in 1957 for a total of 545 m. Core recovery was poor, but for those sections recovered it averaged 0.45% Cu. (vi) Kingsweston: Cominco drilled one 90 m hole in 1969. Only 7 samples were assayed, one of which returned 0.3% Cu.

Table 5 Drilling data, Mt Royal (SEPL 552) and Belvedere (SEPL 550) properties Year Company Location Holes* Feet / metres Notes References 1957? Burrex Sue River 9 1788 ft (545 m) Core averaged 0.45% Cu Fenton, 1979 1963 Noranda Allman 1 60 ft (18.3 m) "The drill hole did seem to indicate that, at least in this Williams, 1964a; Hill location, the granodiorite lies not far beneath the surface and Fenton, 1979 is highly decomposed to depths greater than 60 feet. As the hole borders on the only rich geochemical anomaly in grid "B", little hope is offered for large tonnage reserves in this zone." (Williams, 1964a) 1965 Burrex Jobs Hill 7 1950 ft (594.4 Poor core recovery; sludge samples ave. 0.5 to 1% Cu for Burrex, 1966; m) short segments; most samples <0.1% Cu Williams, 1965a,b; Fenton, 1979 1965 Burrex Jobs Hill 24** ? Samples averaged 800 ppm Cu Fenton, 1979 1969 Cominco Kings 1 295.3 ft (90 m) 7 assays performed on core samples, one of which Cominco, 1969 Weston returned >0.1% Cu (0.3% Cu) 1969? Denison Allman 3 727 ft (222 m) "Very low uniform grades of copper were indicated in Fenton 1975, Hill sludge samples which assayed below 0.1% Cu" (Fenton, 1979; 1979) Clarendon, 1994a *Diamond drill holes (unless noted) **Short (4– 28 ft) auger holes drilled to test for low-grade mineralization paralleling a granodiorite dyke

7.0 GEOLOGICAL SETTING

7.1 Regional Geology Jamaica is located on the northern edge of the Caribbean plate, just south of the Cayman Trough, a crustal-scale pull-apart basin associated with sinistral strike-slip motion that continues as a fault zone through Guatemala and beneath the Pacific Ocean (Figs. 14, 15). The geology of Jamaica records tectonic, magmatic, and sedimentary events associated with the opening of the Proto- Caribbean arm of the Atlantic Ocean and the progressive engulfment of a swath of Pacific oceanic crust, which is now the Caribbean plate (Goreau 1981; Burke 1988; Pindell and Barrett 1990; Pindell et al. 2005; Mitchell 2006; Guinta et al. 2006).

Figure 14 Plate tectonic setting, Jamaica (modified from Pindell et al., 2005). CARIB = Caribbean plate; COCO = Cocos plate; NOAM = North American plate; SOAM = South American plate.

Figure 15 Close-up of the major structural elements in the vicinity of Jamaica. Image from Wikipedia.

Bedrock in Jamaica consists of Cretaceous inliers, Paleogene siliciclastic units, and Tertiary limestone units, the latter of which cover two thirds of the island (Fig. 16). Most workers interpret that these rocks record a four-stage geological evolution (Draper, 1987, 2008): (1) island arc volcanism during the Cretaceous; (2) early Paleogene uplift, intrusion, and rifting (NNW faults); (3) mid-Cenozoic quiescence and limestone deposition3; (4) and late Cenozoic tectonic revival (E-W faults) (Fig. 17). Rocks and/or tectonic structures from each of these four stages are present in the Mt Royal–Belvedere area.

Figure 16 Bedrock in Jamaica (modified from Fenton, 1982).

3 Draper (2008) suggests that nearly 1 km of subsidence occurred during the Tertiary (see his Fig. 3), and that the Bahamas-like carbonate factory kept up with this subsidence, filling in the accommodation space. The carbonate deposits, which now form much of the mountainous interior of Jamaica, have subsequently been uplifted at least 1 km since the Late Miocene (Ward and Piggott, 2010).

Figure 17 Geological event history of Jamaica. Compiled from from Fenton (1979), Draper (1987, 2008), Mann and Burke (1990), Donovan (2002, 2010), Pindell et al. (2005), and Turner (2003).

The Mt Royal and Belvedere SEPLs are centered on the Above Rocks Inlier, one of several Cretaceous inliers on the island (Fig. 16). The inlier consists of the Above Rocks Intrusion and its metamorphosed host rocks, the Cretaceous Mt Charles Formation and Border Volcanic Group (Fig. 18). Hylands (1994) summaries these units as follows: "The Mt Charles Formation, considered to be the oldest unit in the area, is found on the northern flank of the granodiorite and as small roof pendants. It consists of blue or green-gray bedded hornfelsed pelites with a few arkosic and conglomeratic beds. The Border Volcanic Group is comprised of andesitic tuffs, lavas, agglomerates and interbedded conglomerates. The lavas are commonly porphyritic and exhibit flow-banding and some brecciation. They contain plagioclase phenocrysts, minor hornblende and clinopyroxese phenocrysts in a groundmass of similar composition, with accessory iron oxide minerals. The Above Rocks Intrusion is a somewhat heterogeneous body in which the predominant rock types fall in the granodiorite–adamellite composition range. One is transitional into the other. These are coarse-grained rocks except for a narrow fine-grained (chilled) margin. Narrow granodiorite dykes, up to several hundred metres in length, have been found cutting the Intrusion and the Mt. Charles Formation….".

Figure 18 Generalized geology of the Above Rocks Inlier and Wagwater Belt (modified from Fenton 1979).

The Above Rocks granodiorite is believed to be Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary in age: the rocks it intrudes are as young as Maastrichian, and the granodiorite is present as pebbles in an Eocene conglomerate (Chubb and Burke 1963). It has yielded radiometric ages ranging from 60 to 65 Ma (Chubb and Burke 1963).

Paleocene–Eocene rift-basin volcanic rock and alluvial fan siliciclastic rock of the Wagwater Formation are present in the northeast corner of the Mt Royal SEPL. The steeply dipping Wagwater Fault separates these deposits from the Above Rocks Inlier (Mann and Burke, 1990; Draper, 2008).

Eocene–Miocene carbonate rock—the Yellow and White limestones—are present in the southern part of the Belvedere SEPL. In the Wagwater Trough, Ward and Piggott (2010) describe these rocks as "biomicrites that are bioclastic at the base." Unlike many places in Jamaica, where the surface separating Tertiary limestone from older rock is interpreted to be a subaerial unconformity (e.g., Donovan 2002), Hylands (1994) suggests that "Contacts between the granodiorite and the Yellow Limestone Group to the south and west [of the Above Rocks Inlier] are mainly intrusive". The transition from rift-basin siliciclastics to marine carbonate rocks has commonly been interpreted to record transgression related to post-rift thermal subsidence (Fig. 19).

Figure 19 Interpreted subsidence curve for the Wagwater Trough, Jamaica (Ward and Piggott, 2010).

Jamaica is cut by two main sets of faults, one oriented NNW–SSE and the other E-W (Fig. 20). Prominent lineaments on the landscape, such as those visible in Figures 1 and 4, tend to be fault related. For example, the NNW–SSE lineament highlighted in Figure 4 is associated with the Wagwater Fault, whereas the E-W lineament is associated with the Cavaliers Fault (Mann and Burke 1990; Draper 2008). The NNW–SSE faults (e.g., Wagwater Fault) are interpreted to been generated during Paleogene rifting and crustal extension, whereas the E–W faults (e.g., Cavaliers Fault) are thought to have formed during post–mid Miocene transpression and crustal shortening (Mann and Burke 1990; Draper 2008; Ward and Piggott 2010). Many of the Paleogene rift-related normal faults, the Wagwater Fault included, were reactivated as reverse faults during post-mid Miocene transpression (Draper 2008).

Figure 20 Structural map of Mann and Burke (1990) draped over a digital elevation model. Red boxes are the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties.

7.2 Geology of Prospects

7.2.1 Glengoffe–Freetown\Sue River North–Lucky Hill The area, which includes the four prospects, is marked by the Cretaceous Borders and Mount Charles formations in fault contact with the Above Rocks Granodiorite (“ABG”) with tonalities plugs intruding all of the above. The contact between the tonalite and the ABG may be faulted. The Sue River North–Lucky Hill mineralization zone is all within the Border Formation, albeit faulted and tectonized portions of it. The Mount Charles Formation generally consists of blueish to green-grey bedded hornfelsed pelite with a few arkosic and conglomerate beds (Fenton 1979). The Border Formation consists of andesitic tuff, lavas, agglomerates and interbedded conglomerates (Fenton 1979).

In the Glengoffe–Freetown area, the ABG generally ranges in composition between granodiorite and quartz monzonite. The intrusions are generally coarse-grained except where chilled along their margins. Quartz-sericite alteration is common where the ABG is intruded by tonalite. The tonalite, itself, commonly shows quartz-sericite and quartz-Kspar-biotite alteration.

Faults are present and commonly are associated with copper mineralization. The dominant faults have NNW trends paralleling the Wagwater Trough to the east. These faults are commonly marked by gouge and can be broad. Paralleling the major NNW faults are small NW trending faults. Other faults noted on maps trend NE and to a lesser degree E-W.

7.2.2 Florence Hill

The Florence Hill Prospect contains the northerly trending Wagwater Fault within its eastern part. The area to the west of the Fault is predominantly ABR. The ABR may be heavily fractured and where it shows a sheeted pattern of fracturing it can show Kspar-quartz alteration. The ABG shows significant metallic mineralization where faulted.

7.2.3 Allman Hill Geology of the eastern portion of the Allman Hill prospect is not totally clear. It appears that the yellow-weathering fine-grained baked sediments of the Mount Charles Formation, mostly shales or tuffs, has been intruded by, and is in fault contact with, medium to coarse grained hornblende- oligoclase granodiorite. The granodiorite is commonly fractured, has significant magnetite content, and can be skarnified near its extremities (Williams 1964). The granodiorite has been noted to be propylitically and potassically altered with varying amounts of magnetite, carbonate, sericite, biotite, chlorite, epidote, clay and dissemination of metallic sulphides and oxides (Geofine 1992). Limestone cover is also locally present. Other intrusives may be present at shallow depth as suggested by geochemical and geophysical surveys.

The Allman Hill Prospect is crossed by the E–W Cavaliers Fault, part of the major strike-slip fault crossing Jamaica to the west of the Wagwater Trench. A number of NW striking faults have been delineated within the Allman Hill Prospect.

7.2.4 Jobs Hill The geology at Jobs Hill was best described by Fenton (1979): “Tertiary conglomerates of the Wagwater Formation are in faulted contact with the Cretaceous Border Volcanic Formation in the vicinity of Jobs Hill. Several faults and shear zones occur in this area. The mineralization is related to a number of northeast trending shears (Reed, 1965-1966) close to the Cretaceous/Tertiary contact. The shears are parallel to a steeply inclined red weathering granodiorite dyke (Burrex Mines Limited, 1956-1967). Within the zone, which probably represents a north-east trending fault along which hydrothermal alteration has occurred, there are dickite veins, the largest of which is 50 feet (15 m) at maximum width and has a outcrop length of 400 feet (122 m). Some veins show brecciation near the margin or marked schistose texture (Reed, 166b).”

It has been suggested by Tigers Realm geologists working at Above Rocks that the “granodiorite dyke” may be a slice of granodiorite that was incorporated into the fault. The volcanics of the Border Formation are heavily tectonized, showing hydrothermal alteration and oxidation in the Jobs Hill area.

7.2.5 Kingsweston and Providence The Kingsweston Prospect is centred on the Kingsweston Tonalite bodies, which appears from various sketch maps to be in fault contact with the Border Volcanics (primarily andesites) and Mount Charles Formation in its southern part, and the Wagwater Formation in its northern part. The tonalite shows patchy potassic alteration.

At Providence, a monzodiorite body with sodic-calcic chlorite alteration is cut by mafic dykes and straddles a number of Wagwater NNW faults.

7.2.6 Mount Friendship The Mount Friendship Prospect is located on the NW-striking Wagwater Fault. Most of the area is underlain by the Wagwater Conglomerate, which is locally heterolithic and contains clasts of (a) propylitically altered granodiorite, (b) silicified, fractured and brecciated volcanics, (c) sediments, and (d) weathered versions of the above. These conglomerates are interbedded with sandstone and "grits". Mineralized granodiorite outcrops representing basement are present at a few localities.

8.0 DEPOSIT TYPES Most deposits within the Above Rocks Inlier can be related to periods of compression and extension, fault movement, sub-volcanic intrusions and volcanic activity resulting from subduction, crustal thickening and the relative movement of different continental plates. During the Upper Cretaceous, Jamaica was part of an island arc system characterized predominantly by calc-alkaline volcanism. Numerous examples reflect this tectonic history in the Caribbean, most notably the Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary high sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposit at the Pueblo Viejo Mine (36.3 M oz Au, 629 M lbs Cu; see Barrick, 2011, p. 181–188) in the Dominican Republic and the Tanama porphyry deposit in Puerto Rico (139 M tonnes of 0.64% Cu, 0.51g Au/t; Singer et al., 2008).

Showings and prospects of the Above Rocks Inlier can be grouped into three types of deposits (Fenton 1979). (1) Mineralized shear zones and faults cutting Tertiary and Cretaceous rocks. These zones appear to be adjacent to the Wagwater Fault and or parallel faults within the Cretaceous rocks, and appear to result from multiple episodes of mineralization. Jobs Hill and Sue River North-Lucky Hill exemplify these types of deposit, as do some similar prospects present within the Glengoffe-Freetown, Kingsweston and Florence Hill areas. Replacement of rocks paralleling the shear zones and rocks caught up within the shear zones by mineralized fluids moving along the shear zones to form skarns is also evident. With the exception of Jobs Hill, little exploration has been completed to determine the size of these shear zones and the quantity of mineralization present. (2) Contact metamorphism, in part skarnification(?), along the margins of granodioritic stocks forming hornfels. To date, recognized mineralization in these deposits consists of disseminated sulphides and in some cases magnetite-sulphide-quartz veins, possibly localized by shearing. Most mineralization at Allman Hill has been interpreted to be this style of deposit. (3) Dykes and plugs of porphyritic intrusions carrying disseminated malachite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. The best examples of this mineralization are late stage tonalites intruding older intrusives, sediments, and volcanics, the tonalite at Glengoffe being the prime example. Other intrusions in the Above Rock Inlier have not been totally investigated as to whether they may carry porphyry copper (±gold, ±molybdenum) mineralization. Some of the mineralized shear zones and skarns could well be distal (or proximal for that matter)

representations of larger systems that include porphyry copper; this is a reasonable possibility throughout the Above Rocks Inlier, especially at Glengoffe-Freetown, Florence Hill, Kingsweston-Providence and even at the Allman Hill prospect. In most cases, if present, the porphyritic intrusion are "roofed".

9.0 MINERALIZATION

9.1 Above Rocks Mineralization Reed (1966) and Fenton (1979) suggest that copper mineralization in the Above Rocks Inlier occurs in three main, and in some cases partially overlapping, settings: (1) in contact metamorphosed rocks around the margin of granodiorite stock (e.g., Allman Hill); (2) in dykes and plugs of porphyritic intrusives carrying disseminated malachite, pyrite and chalcopyrite, which have cut the main granodiorite bodies (e.g., Sue River–Glengoffe area); and (3) in mineralized shear zones and faults cutting Tertiary and/or Cretaceous rocks (e.g., Job's Hill, which is cut by the Wagwater Fault). Indications of the presence copper that is potentially associated with porphyry intrusions in the Belvedere (SEPL 550) and Mt Royal (SEPL 552) licences comprise observations of (1) potassic altered granodiorite and propyllitic altered andesite float samples containing >0.1% Cu, and (2) the presence of coincident Cu-Mo anomalies at Sue River and Border (Cromie, 2010).

Many of the mineral prospects in the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties are associated with structures (e.g., Jobs Hill—Wagwater fault) or intrusions (e.g., Allman Hill) of late Cretaceous–early Tertiary age. This may be a common theme throughout much of the Caribbean. For example, Sillitoe et al. (2006) suggest that "…a Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary metallogenic epoch…is well documented throughout the Greater Antilles magmatic arc". Fenton (1979) notes that at least some copper deposits in Jamaica predate Stage 2 (Paleogene) rifting because mineralized clasts are observed in rift-basin sediments (Fig. 11). However, mineralization is also observed along rift- related faults (e.g., Wagwater Fault at Jobs Hill (Fenton, 1979)). Furthermore, mineralization in other parts of Jamaica appears to be related to younger faults generated by late Cenozoic strike-slip motion (e.g., Pennants Gold Mine, Central Inlier; Turner, 2003). This suggests there have been multiple phases of mineralization in Jamaica.

9.2 Prospect Mineralization Copper and gold, and to a lesser extent silver and zinc, are the ore minerals that have been noted consistently throughout the Above Rocks Inlier. Some prospects show copper values of 0.5% or greater over significant distances; significant gold and silver values recorded to date are less common.

9.2.1 Glengoffe–Freetown At Glengoffe the mineralization is primarily disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, hematite, malachite and bornite within highly altered (quartz-sericite and quartz-kspar-biotite) tonalite. The tonalite has been intruded into altered (quartz-sericite) granodiorites. Quartz-carbonate veins cutting pyrite siltstones are also present. One hundred and sixty eight metres of trenching on the tonalite at Glengoffe averaged 0.35% Cu.

Near Freetown, copper mineralization in the form of lenticular quartz veins bearing pyrite (1-5%), chalcopyrite and bornite can be present in shear zones cutting both volcanics and intrusives. In other cases it is simply pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite, hematite, disseminated and in fine fractures. There is a general absence of quartz veins although locally quartz veining and silicification in the form of fine sheeted quartz veins are present. The vein zones have E-W and NW-SE orientations. Anomalous molybdenum was noted in some weathered outcrop near Freetown.

See also Table 6 in Section 10 for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

9.2.2 Sue River North–Lucky River Mineralization in this area appears to be related mainly to faulted and fractured Border Volcanics bordering Wagwater faults and showing quartz-epidote alteration. Pyrite veins of 2-4m width and pebbly chalcopyrite compose the visible mineralization. Quartz-calcite-bornite-chalcocite veins are also present within both the volcanics and granodiorite. Copper values of the better mineralized samples generally exceed 0.5%; anomalous zinc and silver are present and gold to 6670 ppb has been recorded. The tectonized zones may exceed of 10 m in width. See also Table 7 in Section 10 for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

9.2.3 Florence Hill Mineralization is typically magnetite skarn style replacement with associated chalcopyrite, now oxidized to goethite, malachite, brochantite, chrysocolla, azurite, cuprite, tessorite and neotocite. The oxide minerals may be in part due to secondary enrichment. Coarse-crystalline mesothermal quartz can be associated with the magnetite and chalcopyrite. The mineralization shows “quartz- magnetite-chalcopyrite centrally, grading outwards to ± molybdenum, then massive magnetite (± epidote) to magnetite chlorite, and then chlorite dominates, with a relatively sharp and sudden decrease in alteration intensity to barren granite” (Nicolson 2011a). See also Table 8 in Section 10 for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

9.2.4 Allman Hill The “primary copper mineralization in the Stony River area [east part of Allman Hill area] appears to be associated with the granodiorite-sediment contact in all cases, and consists of lenses and veins of magnetite and copper minerals coating fractures and shears at N80E, with a buildup where this system intersects the granodiorite sediment contact zones” (Williams, 1964a). The granodiorite rocks can be highly silicified. Both the veins and the silicified granodiorites commonly yield copper values in excess of 1%. Lead and zinc contents can also be anomalous. See also Table 9 in Section 10 for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

9.2.5 Jobs Hill Mineralization at Jobs Hill is complex. As observed by Tigers Realm geologists, it can be divided into three types: (1) malachite ± magnetite ± chalcocite filling fractured volcanic host rocks, (2) quartz-pytire-chlorite filling breccia, and (3) malachite-neothosite ± manganese (oxide). Much of the malachite may be secondary. The mineralization that parallels a major shear zone marked by a

slice of granodiorite can yield copper grades well over 1%; high grade veins of massive malachite can grade over 5%. Values of 500 ppb Au and up to 310 ppm Ag have been recorded from Jobs Hill grab samples, but the continuity and extent of precious metal mineralization is not clear. See also Table 10 in Section 10 for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

9.2.6 Kingsweston and Providence Three styles of mineralization have been observed at Kingsweston and Providence: (1) malachite, chalcorite, hematite in shear zones (assays from a bulk sample yielded 0.24% Cu), (2) andesite hosting quartz veins and (3) disseminated sulphides within monzodiorite. Other than the results from the assayed bulk sample above no significant base or precious metal values have been encountered. See also Table 11 below for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

9.2.7 Mount Friendship The high grade mineralization at Mount Friendship appears to be limited to certain silicified, fractured andesitic volcanic clasts. It consists mainly of malachite-brochantite ± chrysocolla ± pyrite ± hematite filling the fractures and coating the clasts. Sheared and weathered clasts of propylitically altered granodiorite are also mineralized. Copper grades for the most part exceed one percent.

Small outcrops of propylitically altered granodiorite have been noted in some gullies, but they are clearly basement to the Wagwater sediments. See also Table 12 below for grades associated with different styles of mineralization.

10.0 EXPLORATION

10.1 Above Rocks Inlier Since July 27, 2008, when Rodinia Resources Pty Ltd optioned the two SEPLs from Julian Bartlett, Stuart Hall and David Wright, the SEPLs have for all effect been in the control, if not ownership, of Rodinia. Exploration during this time period has involved compilation and collation of historical data, reprocessing of certain geochemical and geophysical data and prospecting, mapping and evaluation of the different prospects. Commentary within this section will be primarily limited to the activities and resulting highlights of Rodinia's work, which also contribute to the synthesis of the Geology of the Prospects described in Section 6.2.

Rodinia digitized most of the geochemical stream data available from the Geological Survey’s archives; much of the data was from a joint venture between BHP and Clarendon. Based on this analysis, a number of areas were identified that were anomalous in Au, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Sb (Figs. 21, 22). Generally, these confirmed known prospects and together with the geology indicated that the area was prospective for “porphyry-type” and related deposits.

Figure 21 Gridded Cu anomaly map of the eastern half of Jamaica using the CIDA stream sediment data (-105 µm). From RJL in Cromie (2010).

Figure 22 A multi-element anomaly map plotted by Rodinia using previous BHP data from the 1990s (from Cromie, 2010).

10.2 Prospects One hundred and twenty nine rock chip samples have been collected on SEPL 550 and 552 since 2011 in order to test for base and previous metal contents and also to characterize the style of mineralization at each of the prospects (Figs. 23 to 25; see Cromie et al., 2012).

10.2.1 Glengoffe–Freetown and Sue River North–Lucky Hill The Southern Sue River Prospect or “Freetown Prospect” and the “Glengoffe Prospect” are closely related, geographically and geologically and have been dealt with recently, separately and together, by geologists dedicated to this project. A total of 40 samples were collected for analysis from Glengoffe–Freetown to characterize style and grades of mineralization: 13 samples were collected and analyzed from the Glengoffe area, 11 from the area between Glengoffe and the Freetown Prospect, 14 from the Freetown Prospect (6 pending analysis) and 8 from the “Northern Sue River Prospect” and a further 7 from east of the Freetown Prospect (Figs. 23 and 24).

Figure 23 Samples collected by Tigers Realm from SEPL 552 (Mt Royal) plotted over (A) topography and (B) bedrock geology. See Figure 24 for details on Glengoffe–Freetown samples. CAUTION: The bedrock geology (from Fenton, 1979) is only roughly georeferenced relative to the samples.

Figure 24 Samples collected by Tigers Realm from the Glengoffe–Freetown Prospect.

Figure 25 Samples collected by Tigers Realm from SEPL 550 (Belvedere) plotted over (A) topography and (B) bedrock geology. See Figure 23 for details on Glengoffe–Freetown samples. CAUTION: The bedrock geology (from Fenton, 1979) and the Noranda grids (from Cromie et al., 2012) are only roughly georeferenced relative to the samples.

The Sue River North–Lucky Hill Prospect samples yielded values of up to 6670 ppb Au. They were collected from tectonized volcanics to the west of the NNW trending fault zone separating the Wagwater Formation and Creteceous volcanics. A number of veins in shear zones at Lucky Hill were sampled by the Tigers Realm geologists and the chip samples were promising, up to 1.5% Cu, 0.4% Zn, 6.7 g Au/t and >10 g Ag/t. Vein mineralization within chloritic altered andesites in one instance yielded 6.67 g Au/t and 0.57% Cu.

A number of drill holes and other workings completed by Burrex were located at the Freetown Prospect. Prospecting revealed that mineralization occurs both in tonalite and propylitically altered magnetite-rich volcanics, containing 1–5% pyrite. Quartz veins are rare and small. Observation of the alteration suggested that the rocks have been subjected to multiple alteration events. Fractures have E-W and NW-SE orientation.

The Glengoffe Prospect (including the area lying between Glengoffe and Freetown prospects) was investigated due to the large number of showings and CIDA anomalies. An extensive (~600 m) zone of pervasive potassic alteration within and surrounding the tonalite bodies at Glengoffe was identified. Although not of economic grade, samples taken from various lithologies did show strongly anomalous copper values, with tonalities showing higher values than the other lithologies (Table 6).

Table 6 Tigers Realm samples from the Glengoffe–Freetown (Sue River) Prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). See Figure 24 for location. Sample Location Lithology Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID type interval (m) 100091 SueRiver IGD Rock <5 4 <3 6610 3.38 6 5 85 outcrop 100092 SueRiver IGD Rock <5 <2 <3 993 2.93 308 <2 59 outcrop 100401 SueRiver ITN Rock 4.5 Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending chip 100402 SueRiver ITN Rock 7 Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending chip 100403 SueRiver VAN Rock 2 Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending chip 100404 SueRiver ITN Rock 2 Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending chip 100405 SueRiver ITN Rock 4.5 Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending chip 100406 SueRiver ITN Rock 8 Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending Pending chip 100420 SueRiver IGD Rock <5 <2 3 3910 3.26 1 6 73 float 100421 SueRiver VAN Rock <5 <2 4 197 4.2 <1 6 59 chip 100422 SueRiver IGD Rock 8 <2 4 689 3.79 84 4 24 chip 100423 SueRiver ITN Rock <5 <2 7 5960 3.87 11 41 163 chip 100424 SueRiver IGD Rock 24 >10 9 >10000 Pending 7.08 5 46 245 chip 100425 SueRiver VAN Rock 5 <5 <2 <3 361 6.14 1 7 81 chip 100426 SueRiver VBX Rock <5 <2 <3 147 4.27 <1 3 14 float 100427 SueRiver MAG Rock 13 5 42 2470 >15 208 63 38 float 100428 SueRiver IGB Rock 161 <2 6 58.5 2.95 4 6 37 chip 100429 SueRiver IGD Rock 2 <5 <2 4 304 4.63 11 8 63 chip 100479 SueRiver ITN Rock <5 <2 <3 572 3.21 6 4 49 grab 100480 SueRiver ITN Rock 10 <5 <2 <3 490 3.17 3 7 45 chip 100481 SueRiver ITN Rock <5 <2 <3 129 3.6 <1 13 73 grab 100482 SueRiver ITN Rock 5 <5 <2 <3 121 2.86 <1 6 65 chip 100483 SueRiver SSL Rock 5 <5 <2 <3 77.7 4.03 <1 3 52 chip 100484 SueRiver SSL Rock <5 <2 <3 14.1 3.5 <1 4 12 float 100485 SueRiver SSL Rock 6 <5 <2 <3 49.4 3.64 <1 9 75 chip 100494 SueRiver ITN Rock 3 <5 <2 5 57.2 3.57 2 6 48 chip 100495 SueRiver VQ Rock 4 <5 <2 6 34.9 1.97 8 18 64 chip 100496 SueRiver IGD Rock 5 <5 <2 7 57.7 2.08 13 12 63 chip 100497 SueRiver IGD Rock 20 <5 <2 4 109 2.08 10 3 37 chip 100498 SueRiver IGD Rock <5 <2 5 108 1.95 7 3 30 float 100499 SueRiver IGD Rock 1 <5 <2 8 183 3.09 9 15 74 chip 100500 SueRiver IGD Rock 1 <5 <2 21 465 5.05 10 14 108 chip 100100 Glengoffe VBA Rock <5 <2 5 69.8 4.3 1 7 56 chip 300000 Glengoffe MUS Rock <5 <2 <3 74.6 3.12 2 4 21 float 300001 Glengoffe SSL Rock 0.5 <5 <2 5 148 5.19 9 <2 51 outcrop 300002 Glengoffe IGD Rock 9 <2 <3 857 2.76 8 3 30 grab 300003 Glengoffe IGD Rock 0.5 5 <2 <3 712 1.83 22 <2 33 outcrop 300004 Glengoffe MUS Rock <5 <2 5 96.2 3.57 4 3 92 grab 300005 Glengoffe ITN Rock 2 <5 <2 <3 198 2.7 12 6 64 chip 300006 Glengoffe SSL Rock <5 <2 <3 291 3.24 15 5 73

grab 100339 Glengoffe ITN Rock 2 <5 <2 <3 905 2.64 15 3 25 chip 100340 Glengoffe ITN Rock 3 <5 <2 <3 429 3.73 7 2 44 chip 100341 Glengoffe ITN Rock 5 11 <2 <3 1300 0.13 2.65 15 <2 42 chip 100342 Glengoffe ITN Rock 3 <5 <2 <3 1010 0.1 2.92 35 <2 35 chip IGD = Granodiorite; ITN = Tonalite; SSL = Siltstone; MAG = Magnetite skarn; MUS = Meta-sediment; VAN = Andesite; VBA = Basaltic andesite; VBX = Volcanic breccia; VQ = Vein quartz

Table 7 Tigers Realm sample results from the Sue River North Prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). See Figure 24 for location. Sample Location Lithology Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID type interval (m) 100081 Sue VAN Rock <5 <2 5 31.3 4.2 2 14 61 River float North 100082 Sue VAN Rock 6670 >10 74 5700 2.87 64 491 2350 River outcrop North 100083 Sue VAN Rock 0.5 65 4 22 4550 4.93 8 205 3860 River float North 100084 Sue VAN Rock 0.5 1120 >10 46 >10000 1.54 11.7 10 210 337 River outcrop North 100085 Sue VAN Rock 0.8 12 3 <3 2440 3.01 4 218 283 River outcrop North 100086 Sue VAN Rock 48 3 4 >10000 1.51 1.19 6 7 24 River float North 100087 Sue SST Rock 119 >10 6 >10000 6.76 13.1 7 59 338 River float North 100091 Sue IGD Rock <5 4 <3 6610 3.38 6 5 85 River outcrop North 100092 Sue IGD Rock <5 <2 <3 993 2.93 308 <2 59 River outcrop North 100080 Sue SST Rock <5 <2 <3 14.4 0.22 2 4 7 River float North IGD = Granodiorite; SST = Sandstone; VAN = Andesite

10.2.2 Florence Hill Twenty-six mineralized rock samples were collected at the Florence Hill Prospect (Fig. 25; Table 8). Good copper values (0.4% - >1%) were obtained on most tested samples; numerous samples were also high in molybdenum. Alteration and rock geochemistry noted by Ben Jones of Tigers Realm suggests potential for porphyry system: “Evidence was uncovered that suggested the high grade copper mineralization (“vein zones”)". The area is also affected by faulting and shearing associated with the NNW trending Wagwater Fault System. The high grade mineralization, especially the “pods” of magnetite skarn, would appear to be largely structurally controlled.

Table 8 Tigers Realm sample results from the Florence Hill copper prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). For sample locations see Figure 24. Sample Location Lithology Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID type interval (m) 100441 Florence IGD Rock 7 >10 13 >10000 Pending 3.71 <1 12 161 Hill float 100442 Florence IGR Rock 1 23 <2 17 3590 0.35 5.67 2 14 87 Hill chip 100443 Florence IGR Rock 1 <5 <2 9 764 5.8 <1 7 75 Hill chip 100444 Florence IGR Rock 3.5 <5 <2 5 300 4.36 <1 7 68 Hill chip

100445 Florence IGR Rock 1 5 <2 9 702 4.67 31 23 63 Hill chip 100446 Florence IGR Rock 2 9 <2 8 4630 0.46 8.38 381 13 104 Hill chip 100447 Florence IGR Rock 1.25 6 <2 6 2280 0.23 5.61 126 10 97 Hill chip 100448 Florence IGR Rock 1.5 8 <2 6 6680 0.67 5.79 44 11 141 Hill chip 100454 Florence MAG Rock 39 <2 43 >10000 Pending >15 2810 34 55 Hill float 100455 Florence MAG Rock <5 <2 14 1520 >15 52 19 82 Hill outcrop 100456 Florence BFL Rock 0.75 22 2 13 >10000 Pending >15 113 29 177 Hill chip 100457 Florence BFL Rock 0.75 6 <2 10 >10000 Pending 11.8 118 27 276 Hill chip 100458 Florence BFL Rock 1.5 <5 <2 12 581 >15 4 9 38 Hill chip 100459 Florence BFL Rock 10 3 17 >10000 Pending >15 50 22 151 Hill float 100460 Florence MAG Rock 50 <2 14 >10000 Pending >15 263 29 118 Hill float 100461 Florence IMF Rock <5 <2 <3 403 7 9 11 89 Hill outcrop 100462 Florence MAG Rock <5 <2 15 1730 >15 71 24 140 Hill float 100463 Florence MHF Rock <5 <2 <3 21.4 2.29 <1 4 45 Hill float 100471 Florence MAG Rock 1 17 <2 7 >10000 1.41 12.7 52 17 159 Hill chip 100472 Florence SKN Rock <5 <2 18 630 2.65 2 45 75 Hill outcrop 100069 Florence IGD Rock 12 <5 <2 4 1420 0.14 4.66 31 10 81 Hill chip 100070 Florence IGD Rock 16 >10 24 >10000 2.54 1.29 7 8 87 Hill grab 100071 Florence IGD Rock 6 >10 16 >10000 3.83 1.84 5 12 486 Hill grab 100072 Florence IGD Rock 5 <5 <2 5 316 N.A. 3.81 4 30 88 Hill chip 100073 Florence IGD Rock 3 <5 <2 3 116 N.A. 1.55 3 5 45 Hill chip 100074 Florence SKN Rock 2 10 <2 8 >10000 1.17 14.4 324 12 99 Hill chip BFL = Fault breccia; IGD = Granodiorite; IGR = Granite; IMF = Mafic dyke; MAG = Magnetite skarn; MFH = Hornfels; SKN = Skarn

10.2.3 Allman Hill In 2011, access tracks, old shafts and adits were located and the geology and mineralization were appraised; samples representative of altered rock and mineralization were collected for assays (see Table 9). Observations during prospecting identified minor zones of copper mineralization at the contact between grandiorite and hornfels and copper enrichment in shear zones. Mapped silicified, chloritized, epidotized and hematised graniodorite was not believed indicative of porphyry style alteration.

Table 9 Tigers Realm sample results from the Allman Hill copper prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). See Figure 25 for location. Sample Location Lithology Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID type interval (m) 100449 Allman IGR Rock 10 9 29 >10000 Pending 11.1 2 24 129 Hill float 100450 Allman MAG Rock 13 >10 70 >10000 Pending >15 124 46 157 Hill float 100451 Allman MAG Rock <5 7 18 >10000 Pending 13.8 <1 15 107 Hill float 100452 Allman IGR Rock 0.75 <5 3 21 3050 0.3 >15 6 104 1040 Hill chip 100453 Allman IGR Rock 1.2 16 4 51 >10000 Pending >15 41 45 561 Hill chip 100464 Allman IGD Rock 2 8 >10 26 >10000 0.99 7.14 10 72 369 Hill chip 100465 Allman IGD Rock 2 13 >10 77 >10000 2.0 11.4 15 224 468 Hill chip 100466 Allman VDA Rock <5 <2 18 316 2.92 8 10 47 Hill outcrop 100467 Allman VDA Rock <5 <2 8 1100 0.11 4.44 <1 9 69

Hill outcrop 100468 Allman VDA Rock 0.75 7 5 27 5890 0.59 13.6 68 16 206 Hill chip 100469 Allman VDA Rock <5 <2 6 320 3.87 3 5 114 Hill float 100470 Allman VDA Rock <5 <2 81 283 2.37 3 24 137 Hill float 100473 Allman VDA Rock 2.25 37 9 136 >10000 1.85 10.9 13 70 343 Hill chip 100477 Allman SKN Rock 15 >10 39 >10000 0.98 12.9 85 25 142 Hill float 100478 Allman ITN Rock <5 7 22 >10000 1.52 >15 73 17 206 Hill float 100093 Allman ITN Rock 36 >10 146 0.74 12 118 79 320 Hill grab 100099 Allman IGD Rock 2 <5 <2 4 2.72 8 5 44 Hill outcrop IGD = Granodiorite; IGR = Granite; ITN = Tonalite; MAG = Magnetite skarn; SKN = Skarn; VDA = Dacite

10.2.4 Jobs Hill During 2011, the access to the Jobs Hill copper oxide deposit and its environs was assessed. Seventeen rock samples were collected and analyzed, 6 from within the Jobs Hill Exclusion Zone, the remainder from outside (Table 10). The results (up to 4.6% Cu, >1% Pb, >1% Zn, >10 ppm Ag and 0.5 ppm Au) confirmed the high grades previously reported. In addition, the mineralization has been extended 400 m to the west across the Flowers River fault into terrain underlain by Cretaceous volcanics. The Jobs Hill Copper Oxide Deposit lies within and adjacent to shear zones within the Wagwater Formation (Eocene conglomerate).

Table 10 Tigers Realm sample results from the Jobs Hill copper prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). See Figure 24 for location. Sample Location Lithology Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID type interval (m) 100413 Jobs Hill VAN Rock 19 >10 36 >10000 Pending 5.48 <1 22 83 chip 100414 Jobs Hill QTZ Rock <5 <2 7 101 0.54 <1 <2 1 float 100415 Jobs Hill QTZ Rock <5 <2 25 1830 0.18 1.49 <1 3 9 chip 100416 Jobs Hill QTZ Rock 457 <2 5 70.8 0.92 2 <2 13 float 100417 Jobs Hill VAN Rock 232 >10 65 >10000 Pending 5.88 49 53 52 chip 100418 Jobs Hill VAN Rock 0.5 69 >10 42 >10000 Pending 2.15 <1 20 62 chip 100419 Jobs Hill VAN Rock 1.3 9 6 19 8100 0.81 3.33 <1 8 95 chip 100060 Jobs Hill VCG Rock 147 >10 8 >10000 2.21 3.71 5 282 319 grab 100061 Jobs Hill VSS Rock 2 11 <2 9 4990 0.49 4.68 2 219 330 chip 100062 Jobs Hill VSS Rock <5 <2 <3 843 3.69 3 83 126 grab 100063 Jobs Hill VCG Rock 49 <2 4 2260 0.22 3.91 3 14 288 grab 100064 Jobs Hill IGD Rock 3 <5 <2 8 122 5.02 3 11 66 chip 100065 Jobs Hill VSM Rock <5 <2 7 123 3.7 4 9 59 grab 100066 Jobs Hill VSM Rock 8 <5 <2 8 59.8 3.61 <1 12 37 chip 100067 Jobs Hill VSS Rock 4 179 10 8 >10000 2.7 3.84 4 55 1270 chip 100068 Jobs Hill VSS Rock 2 457 >10 8 >10000 4.64 2.96 3 16 100 chip 100075 Jobs Hill VSS Rock 500 >10 79 6920 0.69 1.6 17 >10000 >10000 grab IGD = Granodiorite; QTZ = Quartz; VAN = Andesite; VCG = Volcanic conglomerate; VSM = Volcanic mudstone; VSS = Volcanic sandstone

10.2.5 Kingsweston–Providence

A reconnaissance of the Kingsweston and Providence prospects was completed. Kingsweston Prospect is highlighted by the Kingsweston Tonalite and shear zones paralleling the Wagwater Fault. Seven samples have been collected from the Providence Prospect (results from two are pending) (Table 11). The Providence Prospect is highlighted by the Providence Monzodiorite, which contains trace disseminated sulphides. Structurally-controlled Cu sulphide and oxide mineralization is present in adjacent Creteceous volcanics.

Table 11 Tigers Realm sample results from the Kingsweston copper prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). See Figure 24 for sample locations. Sample Location Lithology Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID type interval (m) 100343 Kingsweston QMZ Rock <5 <2 <3 579 4.62 4 7 86 grab 100344 Kingsweston QMZ Rock <5 <2 6 119 4.16 7 10 112 grab 100094 Kingsweston FTZ Rock 20 <2 13 215 5.43 5 18 101 outcrop 100095 Kingsweston IGD Rock <5 <2 5 147 4.48 4 6 71 grab 100096 Kingsweston IGD Rock 0.6 <5 <2 24 98.1 2.59 3 17 76 outcrop 100097 Kingsweston IMZ Rock 6 <2 10 410 5.22 8 40 196 grab 100098 Kingsweston IMZ Rock <5 <2 <3 632 5.58 5 9 95 float FTZ = Fault zone; IGD = Granodiorite; IMZ = Monzonite; QMZ = Quartz monsonite

10.2.6 Mount Friendship Eight float samples were collected at the Mount Friendship prospect, malachite being the primary mineral (Table 12). It was concluded from observation that the float was in actuality boulders from conglomerates within the Wagwater Formation underlying the area and that the boulders were some distance from their original source.

Table 12 Tigers Realm sample results from the Mt Friendship copper prospect (Cromie et al., 2012). See Figure 25 for sample locations. Sample Location Litho Sample Sample Au ppb Ag ppm As ppm Cu ppm Cu % Fe % Mo ppm Pb ppm Zn ppm ID logy type interval (m) 100432 Mt Friendship VAN Rock <5 <5 <2 5 5520 0.55 4.02 <1 5 85 float 100433 Mt Friendship VAN Rock 13 13 >10 8 >10000 Pending 5.49 2 50 36 float 100434 Mt Friendship VAN Rock 13 13 >10 4 >10000 Pending 3.8 2 41 27 float 100435 Mt Friendship VAN Rock 9 9 >10 13 >10000 Pending 2.18 5 41 129 float 100436 Mt Friendship VCG Rock 6 6 >10 7 >10000 Pending 5.39 1 63 57 float 100437 Mt Friendship VAN Rock 7 7 >10 5 >10000 Pending 1.48 <1 49 47 float 100438 Mt Friendship VAN Rock 5 5 >10 11 >10000 Pending 5.5 2 37 39 float 100439 Mt Friendship SST Rock 6 6 >10 7 >10000 Pending 0.84 4 30 31 float SST = Sandstone; VAN = Andesite; VCG = Volcanic conglomerate

11.0 DRILLING No drilling on the SEPLs or the Above Rocks Inlier has been completed by Rodinia or others since 2010.

12.0 SAMPLING METHODS, APPROACH AND SECURITY

A program of reconnaissance sampling and preliminary traverse mapping at twelve known historic prospects was completed. A total of 129 rock chip samples were collected, with the aim to test for base and precious metal contents and also to characterise the style of mineralisation of each of the prospects. Samples were examined and described in the field and office, where they were securely stored until forwarded by bonded courier to SGS laboratories in Australia and Canada.

13.0 SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS All rock samples submitted to SGS Mineral Services (SGS) were dried and crushed to 75% passing 2 mm screen; this was then split and 250 g were pulverized in order that 85% passed 75 micron screen. Fifty grams were analyzed for gold by fire assay with an ICP-AES finish; the remainder of the 34 elements (Table 13) were analyzed by ICP-OES following an aqua regia digestion. Samples with copper exceeding 10,000 ppm were analyzed by ICP-AES following a sodium peroxide fusion.

SGS has an intensive program, which includes the analysis of duplicates of client pulps, to audit and monitor the quality of all their laboratory analyses. The laboratory meets the requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO/IEC 17025.

Table 13 Elements analyzed using aqua regia with ICP-OES finish at SGS Toronto, with associated detection ranges. Ag 2–10 ppm Mn 2 ppm to 1% Al 0.01–15% Mo 1 ppm to 1% As 3 ppm to 1% Na 0.01–15% Ba 1 ppm to 1% Ni 1 ppm to 1% Be 0.5 ppm to 0.25% P 0.01–15% Bi 5 ppm to 1% Pb 2 ppm to 1% Ca 0.01–15% S 0.01–5% Cd 1 ppm to 1% Sb 5 ppm to 1% Co 1 ppm to 1% Sc 0.5 ppm to 1% Cr 1 ppm to 1% Sn 10 ppm to 1% Cu 0.5 ppm to 1% Sr 0.5 ppm to 1% Fe 0.01–15% Ti 0.01–15% Hg 1 ppm to 1% V 1 ppm to 1% K 0.01–15% W 10 ppm to 1% La 0.5 ppm to 1% Y 0.5 ppm to 1% Li 1 ppm to 1% Zn 1 ppm to 1% Mg 0.01–15% Zr 0.5 ppm to 1%

14.0 DATA VERIFICATION Vern Rampton, Jeff Ackert and Richard Messenger, all of Carube, visited all prospects over a 3 day period in November, 2011; they were accompanied by Ben Jones, Paul Cromie and Surachat Saijen of Tigers Realm at various times. Locals who had knowledge of previous exploration assisted in the location of key localities, trenches and drill sites. In order to verify mineralization noted by Tigers Realm amongst others, six samples at Allman Hill were collected for analysis, in addition to 2 at Freetown Prospect, 2 at Florence Hill and 1 and Jobs Hill (Figs. 26 and 27; Tables 14 and 15).

Although not taken from the same exact outcrop at any locality, it is clear that the verification samples and those collected by Tigers Realm always fall in the same order of magnitude. This is well illustrated in Table 15. The comparison is hindered by some of the copper percentages not being available for samples collected by Tigers Realm. The largest divergence in Au values occurs between samples taken at Jobs Hill. Silver and copper values, by contrast, are not seriously

divergent. Taken together, the Tigers Realm samples, the Carube verification samples and other historic samples point toward notable mineralized rock and the good possibility of ore-grade deposits, which indicates that further exploration is warranted.

The verification samples were examined and described in the field and office, where they were securely stored until forwarded by bonded courier to Actlabs in Ancaster, Ontario, Canada, an ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO 9001 and 9002 certified laboratory. At Actlabs, samples were crushed to form sand-sized particles (<1.7 mm), mechanically split, and then pulverized to mud- and very fine sand–sized particles (>95% less than 0.106 mm). The concentration of As, Au, Ba, Hg, Sb, and W in the samples was determined by INAA, whereas the concentration of Ag, Cd, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, S, and Zn was determined by first digesting a portion of the samples in aqua regia and then performing an ICP-OES analysis.

Figure 26 Copper concentration in due diligence samples collected by Carube (Ackert and Rampton) from Above Rocks

Figure 27 Gold concentration in due diligence samples collected by Carube (Ackert and Rampton) from Above Rocks

Table 14 Due diligence samples collected from Mt Royal and Belvedere by Carube (Ackert and Rampton) and analyzed by Activation Laboratories, Ancaster, Ontario Sample East WGS North Au Ag Pb Zn Location Note As Cu ppm Cu % Mo ID 84 WGS 84 ppb ppm ppm ppm ppm ppm 39154 Florence Hill Grano, chalco, mal <5 <0.2 <5 2270 0.23 15 9 83 Freetown (Sue River) 39155 Granite, chalco 300599 2009269 <5 12.1 4 >10000 1.86 4 6 98 adit Freetown (Sue River) - 39173 Grano, pyrite, Fe stain 300597 2009267 <5 1.1 3 1650 0.17 196 <2 49 grab 39174 Florence Hill - grab Volc, mal, mag veins 305307 2007096 <5 1.2 9 >10000 1.84 170 5 96

Dump float close to adit, 39175 Jobs Hill – grab 303570 2010897 143 10.8 24 >10000 2.47 3 5 35 mal, oxides, volc

Sulphide, Grano, mal, azur 39156 Allman Hill 301968 2001213 25 59.5 106 >10000 4.64 16 167 272 (high grade)

Grano, cal,mal, azur, 39157 Allman Hill 301968 2001213 <5 14.3 26 >10000 1.42 6 40 256 epidote, sulphides

39158 Allman Hill adit Grano, mag rich 302744 2000752 28 1.8 144 >10000 1.33 33 6 392

39159 Allman Hill above adit Grano, mag rich 302744 2000752 24 3.5 150 4320 0.43 28 30 314 Allman Hill east of adit Grano, mag rich - outcrop 39160 302744 2000752 <5 4.4 47 3390 0.34 54 122 837 - 2 metre grab east of adit Allman Hill—float near 39161 Mag rich and sulphides 302476 2000980 <5 7 18 >10000 2.25 <2 4 86 shaft NTS Zone 18Q

Table 15 Due diligence vs TRM samples Due diligence Tigers Realm samples Due diligence samples samples occur Prospect within X m of TRM Sample No Au ppb Ag ppm Cu% Mo ppm Sample No Au ppb Ag ppm Cu% Mo ppm samples Florence Hill 3 metres 100074 10 <2 1.17 324 39174 <5 1.2 1.84 170 Glengoffe– 25 metres 100091 <5 4 0.67 6 39155 <5 12.1 1.86 4 Freetown 100092 <5 <2 0.1 308 39173 <5 1.1 0.17 196 100422 8 <2 0.07 84 Jobs Hill 20 metres 100413 19 >10 Pending* <1 39175 143 10.8 4.64 3 Allman Hill 17 metres 100464 8 >10 0.99 10 39157 <5 14.3 1.42 6 39156 25 59.5 4.64 16 Allman Hill 21 metres 100449 10 9 Pending* 2 39161 <5 7 2.25 <2 100450 13 >10 Pending* 124 100451 <5 7 Pending* <1 Allman Hill 55 metres 100093 36 >10 0.74 118 39158 28 1.8 1.33 33 100452 <5 3 0.3 6 39160 <5 4.4 0.34 54 100453 16 4 Pending* 41 39159 24 3.5 0.43 28 100473 37 9 1.85 13 * >10000 ppm Cu

15.0 ADJACENT PROPERTIES There is no known on-going activity on adjacent SEPLs beyond the data compilation and prospecting stage.

16.0 METALLURGICAL TESTING No metallurgical testing has been completed by Rodinia, but previously testing by Greater Antilles Minerals (2007) on samples of copper oxide mineralization from a large shear/fault zone at Jobs Hill show almost 100% copper recovery over short time periods along with low levels of acid consumption.

17.0 MINERAL RESOURCE ESTIMATES Rodinia has completed no mineral resource estimates on the SEPLs.

18.0 INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS Exploration completed at the Above Rocks Property has defined a number of types of mineralization, namely (a) mineralized shear zones and faults (at Jobs Hill largely oxidized), (b)

broad skarns due in part to contact metamorphism (associated veining may be due to the skarnification process, but is more likely due to fluids from or associated with intrusions, being localized on structural breaks) and (c) porphyritic intrusions, with late stage tonalite being the primary example of exposed mineralized porphyries. Due to extraneous circumstances, exploration of most defined mineralized trends and areas has not advanced to the stage of deposit definition, nor evaluated as to deposit economic viability (or lack thereof). In the case of the porphyry copper deposits, the need for regional, probably costly, exploration and the possibility that the porphyry coppers may be covered (yet "unroofed") has discouraged exploration for porphyries, in spite of indications that these deposits do exist within the Above Rocks Inlier. The mineralized shear zones and faults, skarns and veins within the skarns appear associated with both mineralized and non- mineralized intrusions.

Regional and local geologic history and tectonics are supportive that the above systems could contain robust deposits. Jamaica has been the focus of subduction, crustal thickening, and the relative movement of different continental plates allowing differentiation of magmas and conduits for intrusion of granitic rocks, volcanic extrusion and metal rich fluids.

Most of the main prospects investigated to date (Jobs Hill and Mount Friendship being the exceptions) offer specific structurally-oriented higher grade targets that could be associated with porphyries. In other cases, indication of copper porphyries justifies more exploration on that basis alone. However, it is noteworthy that even the porphyritic rocks are closely associated with faults or tectonic trends, as is common for these types of deposits. Examples are as follows. 1) At Glengoffe-Freetown, a mineralized fault structure parallels NW-SE trending Cretaceous tonalite bodies. 2) At Florence Hill, NW and NNW trending faults and “veins” of massive magnetite with associated minor quartz and sulphides are intimately associated with porphyritic intrusions (strongly mineralized Cretaceous granodiorite clasts in the Wagwater Formation to the east raise the possibility of similar rock in the vicinity of Florence Hill). 3) At Allman Hill, the possibility of locating a viable copper porphyry is indicated by (a) the presence of a potassic altered granite porphyry, (b) geochemical and geophysical results indicating a near-surface change in the nature of rock present, and (c) the presence of NW-SE structural trends, which porphyries have been associated with in other inliers. 4) At Kingsweston and Providence, mineralized tonalite and monzodiorite either contain shear zones showing concentrated mineralization or nearby volcanics show NW trending faulting near the contact zone between the intrusion and volcanics. 5) At Mount Friendship, mineralized granodiorite is present, immediately adjacent tectonized Wagwater Formation.

The mineralized andesitic clasts within the Wagwater Formation at Mount Friendship and the mineralization at Jobs Hill do not have any direct relationship to known igneous intrusions. They appear associated with either NE-SW or NW-SE fault structures. At Mount Friendship the source of the andesite is not clear other than it was probably west of Mount Friendship at the time of development of the Wagwater Trough.

19.0 RECOMMENDATIONS

19.1 Above Rocks In General The apparent relationship (1) between (a) the more “localized styles of mineralization” (“LOCMs”), i.e. veins, mineralized shear zones, faults and skarns associated with both the edges of intrusions and fault zones and (b) “broader in dimension” porphyries (“BRODPs”) (copper ± gold ± molybdenum) and (2) the relative economics of discovering, exploring and mining the different types of deposits would indicate that, with exception, exploration prior to drilling should be centered on defining the presence and outlining the extent of potentially economic deposits whether it be LOCMs or BRODPs. Exploration protocol that can be utilized to define both styles of mineralization is advised. However, porphyry deposits, even if associated with some of the LOCM, may only be realized upon completion of geophysical surveys and drilling focused on the LOCM.

Airborne magnetic and radiometric surveys with relatively close flight lines (spaced at 100 m) over the complete property is recommended. This should be of assistance to differentiating rock lithologies, contacts, faults, mineralized zones and various phases of granitic-type intrusions that will allow further definition of trenching and drill targets for the LOCMs and possible definition of intrusions that may host or be adjacent to porphyry type mineralization. Similarly in select areas of the property geochemical soil sampling should be conducted in early stages on a broad scale for establishing trenching and drilling targets on LOCMs. Soil sampling at a broad scale (50 m x 200 m) can in combination with known geology and the magnetics and radiometrics define different phases of intrusive bodies. Characterization of the intrusives could then lead to definition of a porphyry type deposit. Soil samples for soil gas hydrocarbon analysis at a scale similar to the soil sampling (50 m x 200 m) may be useful for determining the location of buried porphyry deposits. Most mineralization, including the oblong shape of mineralized porphyries with their long axes parallel to structures, demands shorter intervals between soil samples at right angles to the N(N)W structural trend.

19.2 Specific Prospects

19.2.1 Glengoffe–Freetown In addition to the airborne magnetic and radiometrics being flown over the Above Rocks SEPLs, soil geochemical and soil gas sampling on a broad scale is recommended over the area encompassing and between the Glengoffe and Freetown prospects (Fig. 29). This, in combination with further mapping of exposed rock in this area, will probably allow some definition of rock types showing disseminated mineralization (mainly sulphide) and alteration, which can be the focus for trenching and drilling targets. If different map units and different degrees of alteration and mineralization can be identified, four or five soil samples should be taken over the adjacent terrain having cover and little outcrop to establish the “soil signal” that each rock type might display, in addition to the rock type's degree of alteration and mineralization. A 200 x 50 m grid is recommended with the 50 m spacing in the E-W direction to reflect the N-S linearity of known tonalites and major faults in other areas.

At Freetown specifically, it is recommended to collect and analyze soil samples on a more detailed grid (30 m x 60 m) in order to trace mineralized shear zones located there and possibly to better define altered tonalite bodies and other hosts with potential for porphyry copper mineralization. This grid would fill in between those areas previously sampled by Cominco and extend to the SSE along a NNW trending fault and a tonalite body (Fig. 29). At Glengoffe, it is recommended to do detailed sampling (30 x 60 m) adjacent to the tonalite there where not previously sampled in detail by Cominco.

Figure 29 Recommended work, Glengoffe–Freetown Prospect.

19.2.2 Sue River North–Lucky Hill The presence of broad shear zones containing copper and gold in volcanics paralleling the Wagwater Fault justifies soil geochemical sampling on a grid oriented with respect to the Wagwater Fault, with lines initially spaced at 200 m intervals and samples taken at 25 m intervals along the lines.

19.2.3 Florence Hill Soil and soil gas sampling with a pattern and grid similar to that at Glengoffe–Freetown is recommended. The grid would consist of E-W lines spaced at 200 m intervals with samples taken at 50 m intervals along the lines, except for soil sampling near known shear zones/veins showing high grade copper where the line spacing should be reduced to 100 m and the sampling interval along the lines should be decreased to 25 m. Detailed mapping should also be completed to compliment the soil sampling, magnetics and radiometrics in determining shear zone and porphyry targets for eventual trenching and drilling.

19.2.4 Allman Hill The results from previous geochemical and geophysical surveys and mapping and prospecting indicate the possibility for skarn, mineralized shear zones containing sulphides, magnetite veins

and porphyry. To supplement the airborne geophysics, soil and stream geochemical sampling needs to be continued south of the northern termination of Parks Road through to the east and southeast of the eastern Noranda grid and south of the western Noranda grid (Fig. 30). In addition to compiling a bedrock map based on all the rock chip sampling and identification over the old Noranda/Clarendon grids, further detailed mapping and prospecting is recommended over the area to be covered by the new soil grid.

Figure 30 Recommended work, Allman Hill prospect.

19.2.5 Jobs Hill Jobs Hill would benefit from complete digitization of all data available to better define the mineralization, associated grades and trends of mineralization. A soil geochemistry grid (50 m x 50 m) is recommended over ground beyond that of the soil grid completed by Burrex. It should include the northern edge of the Kingsweston tonalite and the area to the SW between the Flowers River Fault and the access road shown on Figure 31. Detailed mapping and rock sampling is required over the same area.

19.2.6 Kingsweston and Providence Similar to Glengoffe and Sue River, the Kingsweston/Providence area needs to be soil and soil gas sampled with a 200 m by 50 m soil grid and concurrently mapped and prospected (Fig. 31). In areas of known mineralization a 100 m by 25 m soil grid would be more appropriate.

Figure 31 Recommended work, Jobs Hill and Kingsweston–Providence prospects.

19.2.7 Mount Friendship No further work is recommended at the Mount Friendship at this time until the airborne magnetic survey is completed. Should there be anything indication of denser rock at depth, geophysical surveys that could indicate denser or conductive bodies at depth are recommended.

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Clarendon Mining Ltd. 1994c. Allman Hill East—Soil geochemical survey (Cu, ppm). 1:2000 scale map, July 1994, 1 sheet. Clarendon Mining Ltd. 1994d. Allman Hill East—Magnetometer survey. 1:2000 scale map, July 1994, 1 sheet. Clarendon Mining Ltd. 1994e. Allman Hill West—Magnetometer survey. 1:2000 scale map, July 1994, 1 sheet. Cochrane, D.R. 1963. Summary of the exploration operations of Noranda Exploration Company Ltd. From June 1 to August 1, 1963, on properties covered by Exclusive Prospecting Licences 83, 173, 174, and 175, Jamaica. Technical report, 5 p. Cromie, P. 2010. Rodinia Resources Jamaica (RJL): Exploration property review of Cu (-Au) potential. Technical memorandum submitted to Tigers Realm Minerals, Melbourne, Australia, March 5, 2010, 5 p. Cromie, P. 2011. Update on Jamaican compliance activities – renewals for SEPL 550, 552 and 559. Personal correspondence (e-mail) from Paul Cromie (Tigers Realm Minerals) to Vern Rampton, Jeff Ackert, Craig Parry and Chris McFadden, November 18, 2011, 1 p. Cromie, P., Marhotorn, K., Nicolson, B. and Bartlett, J. 2012. Annual technical report on mineral exploration for SEPL 562 (Central Inlier), Jamaica. Technical report submitted to the Tigers Realm Minerals–Rodinia Jamaica Ltd joint venture project, February 9, 2012, 13 p. Cummings, D.I., Rampton, V. and Ackert, J. 2012a. A review of mineral prospects on the Main Ridge property (SEPL ?), Central Inlier, Jamaica. Unpublished technical report, Carube Resources Inc., X p. Cummings, D.I., Rampton, V. and Ackert, J. 2012b. A review of mineral prospects on the Hungry Gully property (SEPL ?), Central Inlier, Jamaica. Unpublished technical report, Carube Resources Inc., X p. Debnam, A.H. 1968. Geochemical report on Denison Mines Limited Jamaica project. Technical report submitted to Denison Mines Ltd by Adrian Debman of Technical Service Laboratories, Toronto, dated March 22, 1968. Based on field work carried out in 1967–1968. Jamaican Geological Survey Department, Assessment File No. F-5-009, 9 p. Donovan, S.K. 2002. A karst of thousands: Jamaica's limestone scenery. Geology Today, v. 18(4), p. 143–151. Donovan, S.K. 2010. Jamaica rock stars in Donovan, S.K. (ed.), Jamaican Rock Stars, 1823–1971: The Geologists Who Explored Jamaica. Geological Society of America, Memoir 205, p. 1–8. Draper, G. 2008. Some speculations on the Paleogene and Neogene tectonics of Jamaica. Geological Journal, v. 43, p. 563–572. 3Fenton, A. 1975. Appendix to Noranda Report: Notes on Denison Mines Ltd work, 1968–1970. Technical report, 2 p. Fenton, A.D. (compiler). 1979. Copper prospects of Jamaica: A geological review. Geological Survey Division, Bulletin 9, 225 p. Fenton, A. 1982. The Mineral Resources of Jamaica (2nd edition). Geological Survey Division, Bulletin 8, Kingston, Jamaica. Garrett, R.G. and Geddes, J.S. 1991. Studies of regional drainage geochemistry in Jamaica. Transactions of the Institution of Metallogeny, 100 p.

Garrett, R.G. and Lalor, G.C. 2004. The Fe/Na ratio, a framework for modelling trace element distributions in Jamaican soils. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, v. 5, p. 147–157. Garrett, R.G, Lalor, G.C., and Vutchvok, M. 2004. Geochemical exploration for gold in Jamaica: a comparison of stream sediment and soil surveys. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment and Analysis, v. 4 (2), p. 161–170. Gleeson, C.F. 1991a. Geochemical orientation—Jamaica. Technical memo to David Malloy of Geofine Ltd, June 28, 1991, 2 p. Gleeson, C.F. 1991b. An evaluation of stream sediment gold anomalies from CIDA's Jamaica project—Phase 1. Technical report presented to Trevcorp, December 27, 1991, 9 p. 4Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. 1992. Half yearly exploration report on the Phase 1 reconnaissance program, Eastern Jamaican Project, carried out on the Kingston North Property (SEPL 424) from June to October 1992 by Geofine (Jamaica) Limited for Noranda Exploration Company Limited. Technical report prepared by David Molloy, Geofine Jamaica Ltd, submitted December 20, 1992, 35 p. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1993(?)a. Map #3, Eastern Jamaica Project, Kingston North property, Noranda option SEPL 424, west half–Property and rock geology. 1:6250 scale, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1993(?)b. Map #4, Eastern Jamaica Project, Kingston North property, Noranda option SEPL 424, west half–Rock sample locations and property geology. 1:6250 scale, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1993(?)c. Map #5, Eastern Jamaica Project, Kingston North property, Noranda option SEPL 424, west half–Rock sample locations, showing Cu (ppm) and Au (ppb). 1:6250 scale, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1993(?)d. Map #6, Eastern Jamaica Project, Kingston North property, Noranda option SEPL 424, west half–Stream sediment sample locations. 1:6250 scale, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1993(?). Map #7, Eastern Jamaica Project, Kingston North property, Noranda option SEPL 424, west half–Stream sediment sample locations, showing Cu (ppm) and Au (ppb). 1:6250 scale, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994a. Map 1A: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East— rock, stream and soil sample locations. 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994b. Map 1B: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East— soil analyses (Cu ppm). 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994c. Map 1C: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East—soil analyses (Cu ppm) [with contours]. 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994d. Map 1D: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East— rock and soil analyses (Au ppb). 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994e. Map 1E: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East— rock and stream analyses (Cu ppm). 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet.

Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994f. Map 1F: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East— Fluxgate magnetometer readings (gammas). 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet. Geofine Exploration Consultants Ltd. 1994g. Map 1G: Friendship Project, Allman Hill Area East— Geology. 1:1250 scale, Geofine (Jamaica) Ltd. March 1994, 1 sheet. Geological Survey Division. 1992. Metallic mineral survey, Jamaica. Phase II: Geochemical atlas of Jamaica. Ministry of Production, Mining and Commerce of Jamaica, Geological Survey Division, CIDA Project No. 504/12713, March 1992. Goreau, P.D.E. 1981. The tectonic evolution of the north central Caribbean plate margin. Unpublished PhD thesis, M.I.T, 245 p. Greater Antilles Minerals Ltd. 2007. Jobs Hill Project, Jamaica—Information memorandum. April 2007, 14 p. Hall, S. 2006. Special Exclusive Prospecting Licence, SEPL 550 [Belvedere]. Form No. 6, Mines and Geology Division, Government of Jamaica, 6 p. Harron, G.A. 2011. Technical report on the Bellas Gate Project, Clarendon and St. Catherine Parishes, Jamaica. Technical report prepared for Carube Resources, September 7, 2011, 74 p. Herbert, Geer and Rundle. 2008. Option agreement between Rodinia Resources Pty Ltd and Julian Bartlett, Stuart Hall, and David Wright [SEPL 550, Belvedere]. February 21, 2008, 11 p. Hylands, J.J. 1994. Mineral exploration of SEPLs 337, 370, 424 and 436, Mt Royal and Friendship properties, Parishes of St. Andrew and St. Catherine, Jamaica. Summary report prepared for Clarendon Mining Ltd and Orvana Minerals Corp by J. Hylands of Hylands Geological Servicses Ltd, Vancouver, BC, May 12–July 31, 1994, 13 p. Jones, B. 2012. Preliminary field notes for SEPL 550 and 552 based on work conducted between November and December 2011. Technical report submitted to Tiger Realm Minerals, 22 p. Lalor,, G.C., Rattray, R., Robotham, H. and Thompson, C. 1995. A Geochemical Atlas of Jamaica. Canoe Press, University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica. McGlashan, D., Mitchell, S., Pryce, M., Ryan, J., McKenzie, C., Burke, A., Stirling, S., Strong, Y., and Smith, M. 2008. Jamaica: Country report on the state of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Country Report, Kingston, Jamaica, September 2008, 60 p. Meyer, W.T. 1963. Map No. 3, Stony River Area—Sketch map showing geochemical soil grids and major geological divisions. Geological Survey Division, Assessment File No. M-4-021, 1":1000' scale map, June 30, 1963, 1 sheet . [DC note: Our copy is in poor conditions; can't see geological units, only grid] Mitchell, S.F. 2006. Timing and implications of Late Cretaceous tectonic and sedimentary events in Jamaica. Geologica Acta, v. 4(1–2), p. 171–178. Nicolson, B. 2011. Florence Hill prospect field notes. Technical Report, Tiger Realm Minerals, 13 p. Noranda. 1963. Geology and geochemistry of the Allman Hill showings [figure]. Photocopy of a figure from an unknown report, 1 p. Noranda. 1965(?). [Unnamed report summarizing work conducted on EPL 175 (Allman Hill), 177 and 178 between 1963 and 1965], 9 p. Paton, G.F. 1969. Letter from G.F. Paton to Acting Commissioner of Mines that details sampling near Sue River, Glengoffe, and Kings Weston areas. Letter dated February 14, 1969, Geological Survey Division, Assessment File No. F-6.009, 1 p.

Patterson, B.J. 2011a. Application for renewal licence (EPL/SEPL), SEPL 552 [Mount Royal]. Form No. 7, Mines and Geology Division, Government of Jamaica, September 2011, 2 p. Patterson, B.J. 2011b. Application for renewal licence (EPL/SEPL), SEPL 550 [Belvedere]. Form No. 7, Mines and Geology Division, Government of Jamaica, September 2011, 2 p. Patterson, B.J. 2012. Request to update licence conditions on SEPL 550, 552, 558 and 562 to be endorsed for gold and other metallic, base and precious minerals. Letter from Bruce Patterson, Rodinia Jamaica Ltd, to Clinton Thompson, Commissioner of Mines, drafted January 2, 2012, 1 p. Pindell, J.L and Barrett, S.F. 1990. Geological evolution of the Caribbean region: a plate tectonic perspective in Dengo, G. and Case, J.E (eds.), The Caribbean. Decade of North American Geology, Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, volume H, 404–432. Pindell, J.L., Kennan, L., Maresch, W.V., Stanek, K.-P., Draper, G., Higgs, R. 2005. Plate-kinematics and crustal dynamics of circum-Caribbean arc-continent interactions: Tectonic controls on basin development in Proto-Caribbean margins in Avé Lallemant, H.G. and Sisson, V.B. (eds.), Caribbean–South American Plate Interactions, Venezuela. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 394, p. 7–52. Pyle, P.F. 1992. Main Ridge gold project, Clarendon, Jamaica. BHP–Utah International Exploration Inc., Unpublished progress report, August 1992, 9 p. Reed, A.J. 1966. Geology of the Bog Walk quadrangle, Jamaica. Geological Survey Department, Bulletin, 54 p. Scott, P.W. and Harrison, D.J. 2008. Aggregate sources and supplies in Jamaica. Geological Journal, v. 43, p. 552–562. SGS Mineral Services. 2010. Rocks to Results: A Practical Guide to Laboratory Operations. 4th Edition, 84 p. Sillitoe, R.H., Hall, D.J., Redwood, S.D. and Waddell, A.H. 2006. Pueblo Viejo high-sulfidation epithermal gold-silver deposits, Dominican Republic: A new model of formation beneath barren limestone cover. Economic Geology, v. 101(7), p. 1427–1435. Singer D.A., Berger, V.I. and Moring, B.C. 2008. Porphyry copper deposits of the world: Database and grade and tonnage models. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1155, version 1.0 (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1155/). Thompson, N. 2011. Renewed licences [SEPL 550, 552 and 559]. Letter from Nadia Thompson on behalf of the Jamaican Commissioner of Mines to David Barrett, Rodinia Jamaica Ltd, dated January 27, 2011, 1 p. Wallace, S. 1987. Report on the Hope Mine and Jobs Hill areas, Jamaica, West Indies, for Jam-Can Resources Inc. Technical report, March 1987, 9(?) p. Ward, T.P. and Pigott, J.D. 2010. Petroleum potential of the Jamaican Wagwater Trough: New insight obtained from 3-D basin modeling [abstract and Powerpoint slides]. AAPG Search and Discovery Article #10261, AAPG Annual Convention, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 11–14, 2010, 62 p. Williams, D.V. 1964a. Semi-annual report on the work done in the areas covered by Exclusive Prospecting Licences 175, 177 and 178, between July and December, 1963. Technical report submitted to E.G. Rickman, Jamaican Commissioner of Mines, on January 31, 1964, 4 p.

Williams, D.V. 1964b. Semi-annual report on the work done in the areas covered by Exclusive Prospecting Licences 175, 177 and 178, between January and June, 1964. Technical report submitted to E.G. Rickman, Jamaican Commissioner of Mines, on June 15, 1964, 2 p. Williams, D.V. 1965a. Burrex Mines Ltd. Job's Hill—Pembroke Area, Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica (map). 1":100' scale map (approx. 1:1250) of Jobs Hill Northern Anomalous Zone, March 1, 1965, Geological Survey Division, Assessment File No. 2.008, 1 sheet. Williams, D.V. 1965b. Burrex Mines Ltd. Job's Hill—Pembroke Area, Parish of St. Mary, Jamaica (cross sections). Drill hole data from Jobs Hill Northern Anomalous Zone (accompanies Williams, 1965a), March 1, 1965, 1 sheet.

21.0 AUTHORS' CERTIFICATIONS AND SIGNATURES

21.1 Certifications

Dr. V.N. Rampton, P.Eng. Rampton Resources Group Inc. P.O. Box 158, 3226 Carp Road Carp, Ontario. K0A 1L0 Tel: (613) 836-2594; E-mail: [email protected]

I, V.N. Rampton, Ph.D., P.Eng., do hereby certify that

1. I am President of Rampton Resource Group Inc. and President and CEO of Carbube Resources Inc. 2. I graduated with a B.Sc. Eng. (Geology) from University of Manitoba in 1962 and with a Ph.D. (Geology) from University of Minnesota in 1969. 3. I am a member of the Professional Engineers of Ontario. 4. I have worked as a geologist for over 50 years, specifically in mineral exploration for the last 40 years, in Canada, Slovakia, Finland, Spain, Burkina Faso, Jamaica and the United States of America. 5. By reason of my education, affiliation with a professional organization (as defined in N.I. 43- 101) and past relevant work experience, I fulfill the requirements of a "qualified person" for the purposes of N.I. 43-101. 6. By reason of my being CEO, President and a Director and my capital holdings in Carube Resources Inc., I am not an "independent qualified person" for the purposes of N.I 43-101. 7. I am a co-author and bare total responsibility for the preparation of the technical report titled "Technical report on the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties (SEPL 552 and 550), Above Rocks Inlier, Jamaica". Most of the technical information contained within the report is based on an examination of public and private databases, maps, and documents pertaining to the property and the general geology of Jamaica.

Dated the ______day of May, 2012.

______Vernon Neil Rampton

Dr. D.I. Cummings DC Geosciences Aylmer, Quebec. J9H 2M3 Tel: (819) 682-4346; E-mail: [email protected]

I, D.I. Cummings, PhD, do hereby certify that

1. I graduated with a BSc (Geology) from University of Ottawa in 1997, a MSc (Geology) from the University of Quebec (UQAM) in 2000, and a PhD (Geology) from the University of Ottawa in 2004. 2. Since finishing my PhD in 2004, I have worked as a geologist in government, academia and industry in the field of resource exploration (mineral exploration, hydrocarbons, groundwater). 3. I am a co-author and bare responsibility for the preparation of the technical report titled "Technical report on the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties (SEPL 552 and 550), Above Rocks Inlier, Jamaica". Most of the technical information contained within the report is based on an examination of public and private databases, maps, and documents pertaining to the property and to the general geology of Jamaica.

Dated the ______day of May, 2012.

______Donald Ian Cummings

21.2 Date and Signature Page

This report titled "Technical report on the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties (SEPL 552 and 550), Above Rocks Inlier, Jamaica" as prepared for Carube Resources Inc., dated May ____, 2012, was prepared by and signed by the following authors:

______Dr. V.N. Rampton, P.Eng. Date

______Dr. D.I. Cummings Date

SCHEDULE A SEPL DOCUMENTS

SCHEDULE B HISTORICAL WORKING NOTATIONS

1860s First workings at Job's Hill prospect (Fenton, 1979). Prospect remains idle until 1930s.

Early 1900s Two shafts sunk and one adit driven at Allman Hill (Geofine, 1992).  "Historically, as reported by local citizens, early in the twentieth century a shallow shaft was dug on the east side of the Allman showing, a deeper shaft was dug near the head of Mine 1 Gully, and an adit was driven part way up Mine 4 Gully. No reports on the results of the program area available…" (Geofine, 1992)

1930s Ancolex drives three adits and sinks one shaft at Jobs Hill (Fenton, 1979)  "…Ancolex carried out exploration work [at Jobs Hill], driving three adits and sinking one shaft in the area (Dill, 1953)." (Fenton, 1979)

1953 Geological Survey collects stream water geochem samples at Jobs Hill (Fenton, 1979)

1956 Burrex Mines Ltd collects soil & stream sed samples on grid around Jobs Hill prospect (Bailey, 1956; Fenton, 1979). See Fig. 23 for grid location.

1957 Burrex Mines Ltd identifies Sue River Cu anomaly in geochem data (Fenton, 1979) and drills nine holes to assess anomaly (drilling date unknown); core averages 0.45% Cu (Fenton, 1979). Copper mineralization appears to be associated with a tonalite plug (Fenton, 1979).  "The results of sampling in two adits at Sue River shows 0.37% Cu over 1,500 sq. ft and 0.88% over 53 feet (16 m), respectively (Burrex, 1957). Core recovery was very poor in the nine drill holes put down by Burrex, totalling 1,788 feet. The average copper concentration for the sections of core recovered was 0.45%." (Fenton, 1979)

1963 Noranda performs grid-scale exploration at Allman Hill Cu prospect (Cochrane, 1963; Meyer, 1963; Williams, 1964a)5 (Figs. 23, B1)  Grid was cut (3700 ft baseline x 1000 ft cross-lines every 100 m)6  >1000 soil samples collected and analyzed for Cu only7; old workings cleaned; bedrock was mapped8; a 60-ft diamond drill hole was started then abandoned (encountered weathered bedrock lacking visible mineralization)9  Concluded that Cu mineralization was associated with contacts between metamorphosed sedimentary rocks and granodiorite. Mineralization consists of lenses and veins of magnetite and quartz with chalcopyrite.  KINGSTON GEOCHEM LAB "As previously mentioned a [Noranda] geochemical laboratory was set up in Kingston in order to determine the copper content of soil and stream (silt) samples. The Biquinoline colourametric method of copper determination is used in soil processing and a hot hydrochloric acid method is used in the copper determination of silt samples." (Cochrane, 1963)  ALLMAN HILL— June 1 to Aug 1 1963 NORANDA FIELD WORK "The field work consisted of geochemical sampling, geological mapping and diamond drilling. Over one thousand soil samples, and several hundred silt samples were collected and the copper content of these samples was determined in our Kingston Laboratory. Detailed geological mapping was completed on the immediate copper showing area, and one diamond drill hole was abandoned at a depth of twenty-seven feet. These

operations took place from mid June to July [1963]. Mr. T. Meyers [a graduate student] was in charge of the project." (Cochrane, 1963)  ALLMAN HILL—July to Dec 1963 NORANDA FIELD WORK "Grid layout, line cutting, geological mapping and geochemical soil sampling preceded limited diamond drilling and the cleaning of old workings. The work was carried out over an elapsed time of five weeks." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "Altered fine-grained sediments and epidote hornfels occur as islands in a sea of intrusive granodiorite, which is cut by dykes of feldspar porphyry. The copper mineralization is generated confined to the vicinity of the contacts between the metamorphic rocks and the granodiorite, and may have been concentrated in the fracture system. The yellow-weathering fine-grained baked sediments, mostly shales or tuffs, are finely laminated in places and are partly silicious. They decompose to a red-orange clay. The epidote-hornfels is a fine- to medium-grained epidote-feldspar hornfels, often with yellow limonite and some specularite, and is partially silicified in places. It decomposes to a red-brown soil. The granodiorite is a red or grey medium- to coarse-grained hornblende-oligoclase granodiorite of variable composition, but with common magnetite and substantial fracturing. It decomposes to a characteristic brown sandy soil. The feldspar porphyry occurs in dark grey medium- to fine-grained dikes, which cut the granodiorite." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—MINERALIZATION "Primary copper mineralization in the Stony River area appears to be associated with the granodiorite-sediment contact in all cases, and consists of lenses and veins of magnetite and quartz with chalcopyrite. The secondary copper minerals coating fractures and shears in the granodiorite are probably derived from the oxidation of this contact mineralization." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "Interpretation of the results of Grid "B" suggest that the mineralization is associated with a system of parallel fractures or shears at N80E, with a buildup where this system intersects the granodiorite-sediment contact zone. The greatest concentration of copper in the soil of the "A" grid is again located near the contact, with linear features representing the geochemical expression of two shear systems, approximately N30W and N80E. These directions coincide with observed shears." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—DRILL LOG "One 60 foot diamond drill hole was put down on the best outcrop above the road, but yielded inconclusive results. The log of this hole follows: 0-0.5' Silicious banded magnetite caprock; 0.5'-28' Sandy decomposed material with some magnetic sand at 25 feet; 28'-34' Fractured coarse-grained feldspathic rock with stringers of calcite and disseminated specks and veinlets of limonite; 34'-60' The water and core were lost in the soft highly decomposed rock through which the drill cut, and did not return even with extensive cementing of the hole. The hole was abandoned at 60 feet." (Williams, 1964a)

Figure B1 Noranda grid, Allman Hill (Meyer, 1963).

1964 a) Burrex Mines Ltd collects soil samples on grid at Job's Hill (Burrex, 1964, 1966) (Figs. B2, B3) b) Noranda performs regional stream & soil sampling in Belvedere SEPL10 (EPL 175) (Williams, 1964b). [DCummings note: Can't find associated map etc.] o Most larger streams sampled

o 520 silt stream samples and >100 soil samples collected and analyzed for Cu in Noranda's Kingston lab. No other metals analyzed. o No major Cu anomalies identified other than Allman Hill. o ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SED COPPER ANOMALY "The only appreciable build-up of copper values in the silts [collected in April–May 1964] can be traced to the Allman Hill showings which had been extensively sampled by Noranda last summer." (Williams, 1964b)

Figure B2 Burrex Mines Ltd data, Job's Hill grid (Burrex, 1966).

Figure B3 Burrex Mines Ltd geochemical soil contours (ca. 1965) from the Northern Anomalous Zone, Job's Hill area (after Williams, 1965a and Fenton, 1979; see larger anomalous zone at Job's Hill in Burrex, 1966). This is a close up of the northern portion of the map depicted previously in Fig. 15.

1965 Burrex Mines Ltd drills Job's Hill prospect (Fenton, 1979; Williams, 1965a,b; Burrex, 1966) (Fig. B4). Sludge samples yield values typically around 0.1% Cu, with 0.5–1% Cu in short sections (Fenton, 1979).  "Seven holes were drilled [at Job's Hill] by Burrex in 1965 totalling 1,950 ft, all holes being located outside the dyke. Core recovery was very poor, apparently due to the brecciated nature of the rocks. Analyses of the sludge samples indicated 0.5% to 1% copper for short sections but most samples were in the range of 0.1% copper and less. Assays of chip samples in the

Jobs Hill area ranged from less than 1.0% to 5.26% Cu for 9 samples. Twenty-four auger holes ranging in depth from 4 to 28 feet indicated an average of 800 ppm copper. These holes had been made to test for low-grade mineralization paralleling a granodiorite dyke (Burrex Mines Ltd, 1956–1967)." (Fig. 30 in Fenton, 1979; Williams, 1965a,b; Burrex, 1966)

Figure B4 Mines Ltd drill hole data, Job's Hill (Williams, 1965b).

1966 Geological Survey performs a geochem survey of Bog Creek Quadrangle (Reed, 1966). Malachite showing identified and channel sampled at Belvedere (9.5' wide zone; ave. 0.84% Cu)11. Unlike previous Noranda work, the GS survey fails to identify Allan Hill and Carr Hill showings.  BELVEDERE—MINERALIZATION "Lenticular quartz veins bearing pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite appear to be localized in a 50- foot wide west-northwest trending shear zone. The zone occurs in the hornfels near its contact with the granodiorite." (Fenton, 1979)  BELVEDERE—SOIL GEOCHEM ANOMALY "A geochemical soil survey over an area roughly 1,200 x 800 ft did not indicate any possible extensions to the mineralized zone (Geological Survey, 1966)." (Fenton, 1979)

1967 Denison Mines Ltd performs stream sampling in Belvedere SEPL (Debnam, 1968).  >2000 silt (80 mesh; <0.178 mm fraction) stream samples collected and analyzed  1:10,000 map produced showing results (map cannot be located)  Background threshold for Cu determined to be 0-75 ppm; threshold range 75-149 ppm; 3rd order anomaly 150–224 ppm; 2nd order 225-299 ppm; 1st order anomaly >300 ppm.  Three Cu anomalies identified--Allman Hill, Mount Industry, and Good Hope. "The three anomalies…occur in the zone of high copper background and all are at or near the granodiorite – Mt Charles contact." (Debnam, 1968)  "The length of the anomalous drainage train in Stoney River from anomaly A [Allman Hill] is encouraging. It extends for a distance of at least two miles, if the threshold values are also taken into account." (Debnam, 1968)

 "The present results indicate that any significant copper mineralization in the anomalous areas is probably confined to very local zones although much larger zones of lower grade mineralization may surround these local zones." (Debnam, 1968)

1968 a) Denison Mines Ltd performs detailed, follow-up stream and soil sampling at Allman Hill from Nov'68 to Jan'69 (Arnott, 1969)  "The stream sediment samples showed an anomaly of 5000 ft x 1500 ft in area [at Allman Hill], and this was covered in some detail by soil sampling. The soil samples show an anomaly covering an area of about ¼ mile by ½ mile in a north-northwest direction." (Arnott, 1969)  "The anomalous area [at Allman Hill] is underlain by granodiorite and is centered on the crest of a hill. The highest point of this hill is covered by a limestone capping which is unlikely to be more than a few tens of feet in thickness." (Arnott, 1969)  "It is recommended that the Allman Hill anomaly should be tested by two diamond drill holes to a depth of 500 feet." (Arnott, 1969)

b) D.L. Cooke (of Burrex Mines Ltd?) identifies "anomalous areas" at Sue River and Glengoffe, presumably through some sort of surficial sediment geochemical sampling (Paton, 1969)

1969 a) Sampling by Cominco Ltd, under option to Burrex, establishes continuity between the Sue River and Glengoffe anomalies identified previously by D.L. Cooke (Paton, 1969).  "Extension of geochemical soil surveys in the Sue River-Glengoffe area has established continuity between the two anomalous areas defined by D.L. Cooke's work early in 1968. The combined copper anomaly as defined by the 100 ppm contour is now approximately 10,000 ft by 3,000 ft along the contact of granodiorite and hornfelsic rocks. Two well-defined highs exist within this area, the Sue River anomaly in the north and the Glengoffe anomaly to the south; the former also carries anomalous molybdenum values." (Paton, 1969)

b) Soil sampling by the Cominco Ltd, under option to Burrex, reveals copper anomaly in Kings Weston area, Mt Royal SEPL (Paton, 1969). One 80 m trench sampled (0.24% Cu over 80 m) (Paton, 1969). One 90 m hole drilled; 7 assays performed on core, one of which returned >0.1% Cu (it was 0.3% Cu) (Cominco, 1969)  "Soil sampling in the Kings Weston area revealed an irregular copper anomaly 5,000 ft by 3,000 ft as defined by the 100 ppm contour, containing many low areas and some highs (in excess of 1,000 ppm). The anomaly roughly conforms with an intrusive andesite mass and neighbouring monzonite and/or syenite intrusives. The andesite carries copper mineralization and is considered the important host rock here. A trench sample over a showing in weathered andesites at Kings Weston assayed 0.24% over 265 ft. with very little observable copper mineralization." (Paton, 1969)

c) Denison Mines Ltd drills 3 diamond drill holes at Allman Hill following their 1968 field season. Sludge samples assayed <0.1% Cu. The drilling date is unknown (sometime between 1969 and 1971). Details are provided in Fenton (1975) and Fenton (1979). Hole locations are shown on the Clarendon (1994a) Allman Hill grid map.  "Three drill holes totalling 727 feet (222 m) were made by Denison to test an intense soil anomaly underlain by granodiorite. Boulders of Mount Charles hornfels were found on top of a ridge which was the centre of the anomaly. Very low uniform grades of copper were indicated in sludge samples which assayed below 0.1% Cu. It was concluded that the intense anomaly was due to small amounts of copper near the intrusive contact and that the present level of erosion was not far from the original roof of the intrusion, hence the intense anomaly at the top of the hill." (Fenton, 1979)

1976 Detailed mapping (1:2,500 and 1:1000 scale) and trenching of Sue River prospect by Geological Survey. Trench samples assayed 0.35% Cu on average. Anomalous molybdenum values (8–260 ppm) obtained from weathered outcrop near Freetown (Fenton, 1979).

 "As a result of detailed geological mapping of the Sue River prospect in 1976 by the Geological Survey, it was shown that the soil anomaly previously delineated by Cominco Ltd (1968b) was centered on a tonalite plug…The copper concentrations in soils over the tonalite were up to 2,000 ppm and over. Seven trenches average 80 feet (24 m) in length, cut in weathered rock in the tonalite plug indicated an average of 0.35% Cu (Jouin and Fenton, in prep). Values of copper in soils were lower in the surrounding granodiorite and particularly so in the Mount Charles Formation and the silicified zone. Anomalous molybdenum values (ranging from 8 to 260 ppm) were obtained for weathered outcrop samples in the general vicinity of Freetown (Cominco, 1968a), and in cores from two holes drilled by Burrex (1956–1967)." (Fenton, 1979)

1986 CIDA collects stream sediment samples over Cretaceous inliers across Jamaica (CIDA, 1988; Garrett and Geddes, 1991; Gleeson, 1991a,b; Geological Survey Division, 1992). Compared to other parts of Jamaica, samples from the Above Rocks Inlier return anomalously high values of Au, Ba, Hf, La, Rb, Sb, Se, Ta, Th, U and W (Fig. B5). CIDA (1988) interprets that several anomalous targets exist in the Mt Royal and Belvedere properties (Fig. B6). Gleeson (1991b) interprets that several Au anomalies exist, two of which cross the Belvedere property (Fig. B7). CIDA also generates several Jamaica- wide geophysical maps (Fig. B8)

Figure B5 Maps showing several of the anomalous metals in CIDA stream sediment samples from the Above Rocks Inlier (Geological Survey Division, 1992). Molybdenum, although not anomalous, is also shown because it may be a possible indicator of porphyry copper (e.g., Hyland, 1994).

Figure B6 Anomalies interpreted by CIDA based on their stream sampling data (CIDA 1988)

Figure B7 Gold anomalies in CIDA stream sediment data, as interpreted by Gleeson (1991b).

Figure B8 CIDA regional magnetic data (total magnetic intensity (TMI) data transformed using the reduction to the pole (RTP) technique) and gravity data, replotted by RJL (from Bartlett, 2011).

 SUE RIVER & BORDER—GEOCHEM ANOMALIES "The CIDA data for molybdenite also shows a broad anomalous zone located in the Belvedere SEPL that is also coincident with a broad Cu anomaly…Further data processing by [Rodinia Jamaica Ltd] show coincident Cu-Mo anomalies located near Sue River (Mt Royal SEPL 552) and also at Border, both located in the Above Rocks Inlier. These results suggest the potential for porphyry Cu-Mo systems associated with the surface geochemical signatures at these prospects…" (Cromie, 2010)

1987(?) Jam-Can Resources Inc. collects samples of (1) waste rock in creek bed downstream of adit, and (2) bedrock close to shaft opening at Jobs Hill. Twelve samples total. Extensive copper staining observed near shaft. The "best" waste rock samples yielded values of 80–160 ppm Ag, 46–890 ppm Au, and 1000–39000 Ba, whereas the "best" shaft-mouth samples yielded values of 36–310 Ag, 48– 370 Au, and 1600–26000 Ba (Wallace, 1987).

1988 The University of West Indies ("CNS") collects widely spaced (1 sample per 64 km2) soil sediment samples from across Jamaica (Lalor et al., 1995; Garrett and Lalor, 2004; Garrett et al., 2004; Garrett, 2008)12 (Fig. B8).  "The data revealed that, in general, soils overlying mid-Eocene to early Miocene Yellow and White Limestones are characterized by extremely high levels of As, Cd, and a 'resistate mineral' suite including U, Th, Hf, Cr, and Ti and the rare earth elements (REEs) (Lalor et al., 1995; 1998, 1999). The high levels of As are of interest as they imply metal accumulations of possible economic interest in parts of Jamaica generally considered to have low mineral potential (Garrett and Geddes, 1991); and high Cd levels are cause for as yet unconfirmed health concerns (Lalor et al., 2001)." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004).

Figure B8 The spatial distribution of gold (Au) in the <150 µm fraction of Jamaican surface soil samples collected in a widely spaced grid (1 sample per 64 km2) (Lalor et al., 1995, as published in Garrett, 2008).

1992 Geofine–Noranda (i.e., Noranda under option from Geofine) performs reconnaissance field work on their Kingston North property (Fig. B9) to follow up CIDA stream sed anomalies and a number of copper showings in Allman Hill area previously investigated by Noranda and Denison Mines in the 1960s, and an anomaly identified by CIDA stream sed data in Mt Friendship area, where no historical showings are located (Geofine, 1992). Sixty nine of 100 skarn samples from Allman Hill return > 0.1% Cu (max 6.11% Cu; ave 1.38% Cu) (Geofine, 1992)

Figure B9 Geofine–Noranda stream sediment results (Cu and Au), greater Allman Hill area (Geofine, 1992b).

 ALLMAN HILL—EARLY HISTORY: "Historically, as reported by local citizens, early in the twentieth century a shallow shaft was dug on the east side of Allman Hill showing, a deeper shaft was dug near the head of Mine 1 Gully, and an adit was driven part way up Mine 4 Gully. No reports on the results of the program are available, but some of the strongest copper mineralization discovered by the current program is located in these areas." (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SED ANOMALY: "Using the well researched value of 80 ppm copper as threshold, the [Allman Hill] copper anomaly is based on 186 anomalous stream sediment samples with values ranging between 80 and 940 ppm, and averaging 188 ppm copper. The copper anomaly is the most prospective in terms of consistency and magnitude that Geofine has encountered in Jamaica." (Geofine, 1992) [DCummings note: Geofine had previously worked the TrevCorp Bellas Gate property to follow up the CIDA stream sed anomalies, as stated subsequently in Geofine (1992).]  ALLMAN HILL—SKARN ROCK & FLOAT SAMPLES: 100 samples collected; 69 are >0.1% Cu, max = 6.3% Cu, ave of the 69 samples = 1.86% Cu (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—GRANODIORITE ROCK & FLOAT SAMPLES: 111 samples collected; 34 are >0.1% Cu, max = 6.11% Cu, ave of the 34 samples = 1.38% (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—HORNFELS ROCK & FLOAT SAMPLES: 22 samples collected; 4 are >0.1% Cu, max = 3.34% Cu, ave of 4 samples = 1.12% Cu, 0.88% Zn and 213 ppb Au" (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SEDIMENT ANOMALY "In the Allman Hill target area, a strong, regional copper-zinc-arsenic stream sediment anomaly was partially outlined over a 2.5 km by 2.5 km area, thus confirming the CIDA anomalies. Detailed stream sediment sampling suggested that the main source of the copper is associated with skarnified granodiorite and limestone that is located mainly to the southeast of Allman Hill and that remains open for extension." (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—RECOMMENDATIONS: "The Allman Hill target area remains open to the south, southeast, and possibly to the west and it is recommended that Phase 2A reconnaissance geological and geochemical surveys be used to fully delineate the target along the limestone/intrusive contact and in the vicinity of the airborne magnetic anomalies centered in the Allman Road area." (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL & MT FRIENDSHIP—STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "The east-west trending Cavaliers Fault bisects the property and major structural junctions are postulated to occur where the fault intersects the northwest trending Wagwater Fault in the Mount Friendship target area and a north trending fault in the Allman Hill area." (Geofine, 1992)  MT FRIENDSHIP—GEOLOGY "In the NE corner of the property in the Mount Friendship target area, the granodiorite outcrops along the Wagwater Fault where it is unconformably overlain by the Wagwater Group sediments. These sediments are in turn overlain by Newcastle Volcanics which are overlain by sediment of the Richmond Formation." (Geofine, 1992)  MT FRIENDSHIP—MINERALIZED FLOAT "…fairly ubiquitous, apparently high grade float, well mineralized with copper minerals including malachite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite and possibly tetrahedrite and tennanite, was discovered in a number of gullies both on and to the north and east of the property. The mineralization is associated with propylitically altered granodiorite, with silicified, fractured and brecciated volcanic rock, and with sheared and weathered clasts of granodiorite and volcanic rock in unsorted heterolithic conglomerate." (Geofine, 1992). 75 float samples had been collected from Mt Friendship area, but only two had been assayed (ave 9.97% Cu) at the time of writing (Geofine, 1992)  RECOMMENDATIONS: Primary follow-up targets = Mt Friendship & Allman Hill. Secondary targets = St Christopher and Clarke Hill (Geofine, 1992)

1994 a) Geofine–Noranda joint venture collects soil, float rock chip samples and magnetics data from Allman Hill Area East ("Friendship Project") (Geofine, 1992; Geofine, 1994a-g) (Fig. B10; Table B1)

Figure B10 Geofine–Noranda data from the early 1990's Friendship Project at Allman Hill Area East (modified from Geofine, 1994a-g) . (A) Copper concentration in soil samples. Contouring by Geofine (200 & 250 ppm contours) and Dr. V.N. Rampton, P. Eng of CRJL (all other contours), with editing by Don Cummings. (B) Gold concentration in rock, chip and soil samples. Contouring by Vern Rampton(?) (C) Magnetometer readings. Contouring by Geofine(?) (D) Geology.

Table B1 Geofine/Noranda threshold values for stream sediment geochemistry, greater Allman Hill area (from Geofine, 1992)* Element Threshold value Au 5 ppb Cu 80 ppm As 10 ppm Ba 780 ppm Te 0.03 ppm Sb 1.5 ppm Zn 97 ppm *DCummings note: Unclear if these thresholds are Geofine's, or are from CIDA report (?). appears to be the latter. PUT #

b) Clarendon Mining Ltd acquires Friendship Property (SEPL 424 & 436) from Geofine and stakes Mt Royal (SEPL 337 & 370). From May–June 1994, BHP under joint venture with Clarendon Mining Ltd reanalyses CIDA stream sediment data (Fig. B11), collects stream sediment samples across most of Mt Royal SEPL (Fig. B12; Hylands, 1994; Clarendon, 1994a; Bartlett, 2009), and cuts a grid to perform detailed geological (Fig. B13; Clarendon, 1994b), geochemical (Fig. B14; Clarendon, 1994c) and geophysical (Figs. B15, B16; Clarendon, 1994d,e) surveys at Allman Hill (Hylands, 1994). Samples from a 60 m trench at Allman Hill yield values ranging from 1730 to 9590 ppm Cu and 126 to 1786 ppm Zn (Fig. B17).

Figure B11 A large Varimax Au, Ba, Pb, Zn, Hf, Fe anomaly identified near Mt Royal based on a re-analysis of the CIDA stream sediment data by Clarendon–BHP (Hylands, 1994).

Figure B12 Clarendon–BHP stream sediment sample locations (Clarendon, 1994a).

Figure B13 Clarendon–BHP geological map, Allman Hill East grid (Clarendon, 1994b).

Figure B14 Clarendon–BHP soil survey (copper), Allman Hill East grid (Clarendon, 1994c).

Figure B15 Clarendon–BHP magnetometer survey, Allman Hill East grid (Clarendon, 1994d).

Figure B16 Clarendon–BHP magnetometer survey, Allman Hill West grid (Clarendon, 1994e).

Figure B17 Trench 3 sampling results, Allman Hill East, Clarendon Mines Ltd (Hylands, 1994).

 ALLMAN HILL—ACCESS "Access to Allman Hill is by paved road from Constant Spring via Old Stony Hill Road and Cavaliers to Parks Road, or from Half Way Tree by way of Red Hills Road and Roack Hall. Either way is about 10 miles and takes ½ hour to drive." (Hylands, 1994)

 MT ROYAL PROPERTY—ACCESS "The fastest way to reach the Mt Royal area is by way of Stony Hill and Temple Hall, then Lawrence Tavern. From Tavern one can go north through Mt. Charles and Border to the Trunnels River drainage, or west to Glengoffe, Freetown and Sue River. From Freetown north the road is in very poor condition. Casave River lies between Tavern and Freetown." (Hylands, 1994)  WORK PERFORMED "In the period May–July 1994, the Allman Hill area of the Friendship property, located near the south boundary of the Above Rocks Intrusive, was explored by geophysical and geochemical surveys, geological mapping and prospecting. A large portion of the Mt Royal property was tested by stream sediment sampling." (Hylands, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – GEOCHEM AND MAG ANOMALIES "A number of copper or zinc/lead geochemical soil anomalies have been defined in the Allman Hill area. Magnetic anomalies are partly coincident with some of these. The anomalies are mostly underlain by two relatively thin roof pendants of metasediments/metavolcanics of the Mt. Charles Formation." (Hylands, 1994)  BHP MT ROYAL STREAM SEDIMENT SURVEY "In the Mt Royal survey, 19 of the 68 samples collected were taken in the same vicinity as samples collected during a CIDA/Jamaican Geologic Survey Division (GSC) sediment survey in 1986. In general, the Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni results are comparable but the Au values are not. Seven samples define a Au anomaly centered on Border." (Hylands, 1994) a. "Sixty eight stream sediment samples were collected from the four major rivers draining the Varimax anomaly area…All the samples exceeded 1 kg and many were over 2 kg, as there was practically no silt in any of the watercourses. These samples were prepared by the GSC and submitted to Acme Labs in Vancouver for 30 element ICP and Au by FA/AAS. The -80 mesh pulp for HCR10 was lost; the -40 mesh fraction was pulverized for analysis." (Hylands, 1994)  BHP RE-ANALYSIS OF CIDA DATA "Between 1986 and 1990 CIDA and the GSC undertook a sediment sampling survey of all the streams draining the volcanic, clastic sediment and instrusive inliers on the island. A larger number of the samples collected from within the present area of interest were anomalous in copper and/or gold. A Varimas analysis of the results generated a large Au, Ba, Pb, Zn, -Hf, -Pe anomaly in the Mt Royal area, centered on Trunnels River, extending west to Sue River and east to Toms River." (Hylands, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – ROCK SAMPLES VS SOIL SAMPLES "Rock samples from the exposure near the adit averaged 0.5% Cu over 50 m, while the overlying soils returned less than 0.04% Cu." (Hylands, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – MINERALIZATION "The bulk of the copper mineralization occurs as malachite, rarely azurite. Some pyrite and very minor chalcopyrite has been seen locally in oxidized zones." (Hylands, 1994) a. "None of the granodiorite outcrops examined were visibly altered, extensively fractured or veined, or contained copper minerals." (Hylands, 1994) b. "It is concluded that: 1. The Above Rocks intrusive was rich in copper. 2. The prominent copper showings [in the Mt Royal and Belvedere SEPL area] are hosted by Mt Charles Formation metasediments. 3. The Sue River showing, hosted by altered tonalite, may be the apex of a Cu-Mo porphyry system. 4. The Cu results returned by rock samples were due to malachite and minor secondary copper sulphide minerals. Chalcopyrite was sparse and fine-grained. 5. It is doubtful that the Allman East Grid is underlain by a viable copper deposit, but the grid should be extended to test the Cu-Pb-Zn anomaly in the southeast corner. 6. The Allman West Grid should be drill-tested with a vertical hole…7. There is a potential Au deposit in the vicinity of Border." (Hyland, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – TONNAGE ESTIMAGE "There is no compelling evidence to suggest that a large primary copper deposit exists near the surface in the Allman Hill area. Recent chip sampling results of 0.1% to 0.9% Cu were due to malachite on fractures in the hornfels/skarn horizon. The best results (0.5% Cu/50 m) were from the Allman East area from a hornfels horizon which might contain 10,000,000 tonnes. Grade and tonnage in the Allman West area are lower." (Hylands, 1994)

2006 Greater Antilles Minerals Inc collects 5 trench samples from a disused road-cut at Job's Hill prospect. samples collected from a disused road cut. These returned values of 3340–5520 ppm Cu and 0.04–0.075 ppm Au (Bartlett, 2006; Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007).

2007 Greater Antilles Minerals Inc considers producing copper sulphate from Job's Hill using an acid leach followed by an "electrowinning" process (Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007)  JOB'S HILL—MINERALIZATION "The main zone of mineralisation forms a moderate-steep sided ridge which is covered in bamboo thickets and scrubby undergrowth…Copper mineralisation at Jobs Hill occurs in a steeply inclined, north east trending, shear zone hosted breccia, parallel to a granodiorite dyke. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs adjacent to the shear zone along the dyke contact. Previous exploration has traced the main shear/fault for over 600 m in which "low grade" copper mineralisation (~0.5%) occurs over 15–20 metre widths along with "high grade" veins of massive malachite (>5% Cu).

Copper primarily occurs as malachite but minor chalcocite and chalcopyrite has been observed. Copper is highly oxidized and occurs as secondary malachite accumulations/concentrations filling fracture surfaces, breccia voids, as ubiquitous staining, and as high grade massive malachite veins." (Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007)  JOB'S HILL—VEGETATION "Copper mineralisation is made conspicuous by the presence of copper-rich soil loving ferns." (Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007)

2008 Rodinia Jamaica Ltd performs reconnaissance work at Sue River, Florence Hill, Mt Friendship (Bartlett Gully), and Allman Hill (Bartlett, 2008)  "Ongoing interrogation of previous exploration results has highlighted new areas worthy of detailed appraisal and follow-up at Florence and near Jobs Hill. Aspects of these areas have affinities with potential bulk-tonnage intrusive related Cu(-Au) and epithermal (Cu)-Au-Ag systems which form the primary focus of exploration." (Bartlett, 2008)  "Copper mineralisation at Jobs Hill occurs in a steeply inclined, north east trending, shear zone which lies parallel to a granodiorite dyke. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs within brecciated intermediate volcanic rocks and altered "intrusives" along the dyke contact. Previous explorers have largely considered the area to be prospective for copper only, including recent metallurgical test work for copper extraction (Bartlett, 2007); however, historical reports recently discovered in the archivbes show precious metals are also present." (Bartlett, 2008)

2009 Rodinia Jamaica Ltd resamples old 1950s trench at Florence Hill—same trench sampled by Jam- Can (Bloom, 1991)—and collects rock samples in general vicinity of trench (Bartlett, 2009)  "Rock samples of weathered granodiorite from the trench in part showed pervasive secondary replacement by iron and manganese oxides and would appear to have been subjected to strong faulting (samples FHR0008–FHR013, 6 x 2 m channel samples). Minor fine-grained specula hematite, chalcocite, malachite, and coarse-grained molybdenite were observed." (Bartlett, 2009)  "Malachite associated with micro shears in weathered granodiorite was also observed in the area [of the 1950s trench] (samples FHR002, 003 and 005)…Two samples were also collected of oxidized quartz-magnetite veins (≤50 cm wide)" (Bartlett, 2009)  "Although results of limited follow-up are highly encouraging they failed to repeat earlier sampling conducted in 1991. Further detailed assessment and reconnaissance is warranted." (Bartlett, 2009)

2010 Following a review of previous work (Cromie, 2010), Tiger Realm Minerals enters into a joint venture with Rodinia Jamaica Ltd to explore the Belvedere and Mt Royal SEPLs.  MINERAL POTENTIAL "Indications of the presence copper that is potentially associated with porphyry intrusions occurring in the RJL Belvedere (SEPL 550) and Mt Royal (SEPL 552) licences comprise observations of (1) potassic altered granodiorite and propyllitic altered andesite float samples containing >0.1% Cu, and (2) the presence of coincident Cu-Mo anomalies at Sue River and Border." (Cromie, 2010)

2011 TRM-RJL performs reconnaissance field work at Allman Hill, Mt Friendship, Florence Hill, Providence, Jobs Hill, Glengoffe, Kings Weston, Jocks Castle, Sue River, Mt Florence, and Lucky Hill prospects (Bartlett, 2011b; Nicolson, 2011a; Jones, 2012). Three chip samples from Florence Hill return 0.463% Cu over 2 m, 0.228% Cu over 1.25 m, and 0.668% Cu over 1.5 m, with Mo ranging from 22–316 ppm (Nicolson, 2011a). Best of 17 chip samples from Allman Hill return >10 ppm Ag, 2% Cu, 224 ppm Pb, 1040 ppm Zn (Jones, 2012)  Florence Hill Three chip channels taken (samples returned 0.463% Cu over 2 m, 0.228% Cu over 1.25 m and 0.668% Cu over 1.5 m, with Mo ranging from 44–316 ppm) (Nicolson, 2011a). o "Mineralization [at Florence Hill] seems to be confined to fractures and minor faults. These are often intensely chloritised over a narrow (2–20 cm) selvedge. Some also are strongly magnetite altered." (Nicolson, 2011a) o "Not far downstream [in the stream on Florence Hill that CIDA sampled] we encountered some of the mineralization that is coming to typify mineralisation in the area – magnetite skarn style replacement/alteration with associated chalcopyrite mineralisation that is more commonly now oxidised to additional Fe oxides (goethite) and Cu oxides (±

malachite, brochantite, chrysocolla, azurite, cuprite, tenorite, neotocite). Gangue alteration minerals are dominated by chlorite (± tremolite, which is mostly now altered to chlorite) ± epidote. Quartz is generally present. We often see in the central and most intense part of the alteration, coarse-crystalline mesothermal quartz which is associated with magnetite, and chalcopyrite…The zones are generally developed within fault positions that are 1–3 m wide and in which the rocks are heavily fractured with a dominant trend of the fault-crush zone. A typical zone contains quartz-magnetite-chalcopyrite centrally, grading outwards to ± moly, then massive magnetite (± epidote) to magnetite chlorite, and then chlorite dominates, with a relatively sharp and sudden decrease in alteration intensity to barren granite. In places the granite is clearly affected by alteration." (Nicolson, 2011a) o "My feeling is that the mineralization [at Florence Hill] is structurally controlled, and there is a 1 km zone of strong and complex faulting and fracturing extending westwards from the cataclasite contact with the Wag Water, to about the crest of the ridge (the Top Road). Mineralisation is associated with magnetic skarns developed in fractures, or possibly replacing blocks/enclaves within the granite (we see limestone blocks incorporated into the granite at the large landslide scarp at Golden Springs). Westwards of this the granite is massive and generally undeformed, fractured, and we did not located any further mineralisation in the most westerly traverse." (Nicolson, 2011a)

SCHEDULE C MINERALIZATION NOTATIONS FROM LITERATURE

Allman Hill prospect (Fig. C1)  ALLMAN HILL—HISTORIC WORKINGS "Historically, as reported by local citizens, early in the twentieth century a shallow shaft was dug on the east side of the Allman showing, a deeper shaft was dug near the head of Mine 1 Gully, and an adit was driven part way up Mine 4 Gully. No reports on the results of the program area available…" (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "Altered fine-grained sediments and epidote hornfels occur as islands in a sea of intrusive granodiorite, which is cut by dykes of feldspar porphyry. The copper mineralization is generated confined to the vicinity of the contacts between the metamorphic rocks and the granodiorite, and may have been concentrated in the fracture system. The yellow-weathering fine-grained baked sediments, mostly shales or tuffs, are finely laminated in places and are partly silicious. They decompose to a red-orange clay. The epidote-hornfels is a fine- to medium-grained epidote-feldspar hornfels, often with yellow limonite and some specularite, and is partially silicified in places. It decomposes to a red-brown soil. The granodiorite is a red or grey medium- to coarse-grained hornblende-oligoclase granodiorite of variable composition, but with common magnetite and substantial fracturing. It decomposes to a characteristic brown sandy soil. The feldspar porphyry occurs in dark grey medium- to fine-grained dikes, which cut the granodiorite." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—MINERALIZATION "Primary copper mineralization in the Stony River area appears to be associated with the granodiorite-sediment contact in all cases, and consists of lenses and veins of magnetite and quartz with chalcopyrite. The secondary copper minerals coating fractures and shears in the granodiorite are probably derived from the oxidation of this contact mineralization." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "Interpretation of the results of Grid "B" suggest that the mineralization is associated with a system of parallel fractures or shears at N80E, with a buildup where this system intersects the granodiorite-sediment contact zone. The greatest concentration of copper in the soil of the "A" grid is again located near the contact, with linear features representing the geochemical expression of two shear systems, approximately N30W and N80E. These directions coincide with observed shears." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—DRILL LOG "One 60 foot diamond drill hole was put down on the best outcrop above the road, but yielded inconclusive results. The log of this hole follows: 0-0.5' Silicious banded magnetite caprock; 0.5'-28' Sandy decomposed material with some magnetic sand at 25 feet; 28'-34' Fractured coarse-grained feldspathic rock with stringers of calcite and disseminated specks and veinlets of limonite; 34'-60' The water and core were lost in the soft highly decomposed rock through which the drill cut, and did not return even with extensive cementing of the hole. The hole was abandoned at 60 feet." (Williams, 1964a)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SED COPPER ANOMALY "The only appreciable build-up of copper values in the silts [collected in April– May 1964] can be traced to the Allman Hill showings which had been extensively sampled by Noranda last summer." (Williams, 1964b)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SED ANOMALY "The length of the anomalous drainage train in Stoney River from anomaly A [Allman Hill] is encouraging. It extends for a distance of at least two miles, if the threshold values are also taken into account." (Debnam, 1968)  ALLMAN HILL—MINERALIZATION "The present results indicate that any significant copper mineralization in the anomalous areas is probably confined to very local zones although much larger zones of lower grade mineralization may surround these local zones." (Debnam, 1968)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SED ANOMALY "The stream sediment samples showed an anomaly of 5000 ft x 1500 ft in area [at Allman Hill], and this was covered in some detail by soil sampling. The soil samples show an anomaly covering an area of about ¼ mile by ½ mile in a north-northwest direction." (Arnott, 1969)  ALLMAN HILL—SOIL GEOCHEM ANOMALY "The anomalous area [at Allman Hill] is underlain by granodiorite and is centered on the crest of a hill. The highest point of this hill is covered by a limestone capping which is unlikely to be more than a few tens of feet in thickness." (Arnott, 1969)  ALLMAN HILL—PREVIOUS WORK "A reconnaissance stream sediment geochemical survey was varied out [by Denison Mines Ltd] in 1967–1968 in which three areas of potential interest were indicated. These were Allman Hill, Edward Piece and Florence Hill. Induced polarization surveys over these areas gave negative results. Detailed soils sampling surveys were conducted (during 1967–68), in the three areas selected by stream sediment geochemistry. In the Allman Hill area intense copper anomaly was detected. The anomalous zone which is underlain by granodiorite extends over an area of about ½ mile by ¼ mile with copper values from 2.5 to over 20 times background. The Allman Hill anomaly was tested by diamond drilling. Three holes with a total footage of 727 feet were drilled. Core recovery was very poor. Sludge samples assayed for Cu revealed very low and uniform copper values, all below 0.1% Cu. Values were very similar to the of soil samples taken at depths of about 18 inches. Analyses of three composites for gold and silver and a 30 element spectrographic test failed to supply encouraging results. It was suggested by Arnott (1970) that the reason for the intense copper anomaly was that the present surface of erosion is not very far below the original roof of the intrusion and that the anomaly is similar to others found at the contact of the granodiorite with the hornfels and are due to very small amounts of chalcopyrite present. Boulders

of hornfels on top of granodiorite ridges lend support to this explanation. This view is further supported by the fact that the anomaly is centred on the top of the ridge, i.e., close to the original roof of the intrusion." (Fenton, 1975)  ALLMAN HILL—DRILLING RESULTS "Three drill holes totalling 727 feet (222 m) were made by Denison to test an intense soil anomaly underlain by granodiorite. Boulders of Mount Charles hornfels were found on top of a ridge which was the centre of the anomaly. Very low uniform grades of copper were indicated in sludge samples which assayed below 0.1% Cu. It was concluded that the intense anomaly was due to small amounts of copper near the intrusive contact and that the present level of erosion was not far from the original roof of the intrusion, hence the intense anomaly at the top of the hill." (Fenton, 1979)  ALLMAN HILL—EARLY HISTORY: "Historically, as reported by local citizens, early in the twentieth century a shallow shaft was dug on the east side of Allman Hill showing, a deeper shaft was dug near the head of Mine 1 Gully, and an adit was driven part way up Mine 4 Gully. No reports on the results of the program are available, but some of the strongest copper mineralization discovered by the current program is located in these areas." (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SED ANOMALY: "Using the well researched value of 80 ppm copper as threshold, the [Allman Hill] copper anomaly is based on 186 anomalous stream sediment samples with values ranging between 80 and 940 ppm, and averaging 188 ppm copper. The copper anomaly is the most prospective in terms of consistency and magnitude that Geofine has encountered in Jamaica." (Geofine, 1992) [DCummings note: Geofine had previously worked the TrevCorp Bellas Gate property to follow up the CIDA stream sed anomalies, as stated subsequently in Geofine (1992).]  ALLMAN HILL—SKARN ROCK & FLOAT SAMPLES: 100 samples collected; 69 are >0.1% Cu, max = 6.3% Cu, ave of the 69 samples = 1.86% Cu (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—GRANODIORITE ROCK & FLOAT SAMPLES: 111 samples collected; 34 are >0.1% Cu, max = 6.11% Cu, ave of the 34 samples = 1.38% (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—HORNFELS ROCK & FLOAT SAMPLES: 22 samples collected; 4 are >0.1% Cu, max = 3.34% Cu, ave of 4 samples = 1.12% Cu, 0.88% Zn and 213 ppb Au" (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—STREAM SEDIMENT ANOMALY "In the Allman Hill target area, a strong, regional copper-zinc-arsenic stream sediment anomaly was partially outlined over a 2.5 km by 2.5 km area, thus confirming the CIDA anomalies. Detailed stream sediment sampling suggested that the main source of the copper is associated with skarnified granodiorite and limestone that is located mainly to the southeast of Allman Hill and that remains open for extension." (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—RECOMMENDATIONS: "The Allman Hill target area remains open to the south, southeast, and possibly to the west and it is recommended that Phase 2A reconnaissance geological and geochemical surveys be used to fully delineate the target along the limestone/intrusive contact and in the vicinity of the airborne magnetic anomalies centered in the Allman Road area." (Geofine, 1992)  ALLMAN HILL—STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "The east-west trending Cavaliers Fault bisects the property and major structural junctions are postulated to occur where the fault intersects the northwest trending Wagwater Fault in the Mount Friendship target area and a north trending fault in the Allman Hill area." (Geofine, 1992).  ALLMAN HILL—ACCESS "Access to Allman Hill is by paved road from Constant Spring via Old Stony Hill Road and Cavaliers to Parks Road, or from Half Way Tree by way of Red Hills Road and Roack Hall. Either way is about 10 miles and takes ½ hour to drive." (Hylands, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – ROCK SAMPLES VS SOIL SAMPLES "Rock samples from the exposure near the adit averaged 0.5% Cu over 50 m, while the overlying soils returned less than 0.04% Cu." (Hylands, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – MINERALIZATION "The bulk of the copper mineralization occurs as malachite, rarely azurite. Some pyrite and very minor chalcopyrite has been seen locally in oxidized zones." (Hylands, 1994) o "None of the granodiorite outcrops examined were visibly altered, extensively fractured or veined, or contained copper minerals." (Hylands, 1994) o "It is concluded that: 1. The Above Rocks intrusive was rich in copper. 2. The prominent copper showings [in the Mt Royal and Belvedere SEPL area] are hosted by Mt Charles Formation metasediments. 3. The Sue River showing, hosted by altered tonalite, may be the apex of a Cu-Mo porphyry system. 4. The Cu results returned by rock samples were due to malachite and minor secondary copper sulphide minerals. Chalcopyrite was sparse and fine-grained. 5. It is doubtful that the Allman East Grid is underlain by a viable copper deposit, but the grid should be extended to test the Cu-Pb-Zn anomaly in the southeast corner. 6. The Allman West Grid should be drill-tested with a vertical hole…7. There is a potential Au deposit in the vicinity of Border." (Hyland, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL – TONNAGE ESTIMAGE "There is no compelling evidence to suggest that a large primary copper deposit exists near the surface in the Allman Hill area. Recent chip sampling results of 0.1% to 0.9% Cu were due to malachite on fractures in the hornfels/skarn horizon. The best results (0.5% Cu/50 m) were from the Allman East area from a hornfels horizon which might contain 10,000,000 tonnes. Grade and tonnage in the Allman West area are lower." (Hylands, 1994)  ALLMAN HILL—REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK "Regional scale (CIDA) and follow-up (Geofine–Noranda exploration) stream sediment sampling around Allman Hill confirmed and partially outlined a copper-zinc-arsenic anomaly over an area 2.5 km x 2.5 km. Follow-up prospecting in the gullies by Noranda located rather ubiquitous copper mineralized float associated with both propylitically to potassically altered granodiorite and skarnified intrusive limestone; 100 rock and float samples of "skarn" of which 69% assayed >0.1% Cu (max. 6.3% Cu, mean 1.38% Cu); 111 rock and float samples of "altered" granodiorite of which 34% assayed >0.1% Cu (max. 6.11% Cu, mean 1.38% Cu); 22 rock and float samples of "altered" hornfels of which

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18% (4) assayed >0.1% Cu (max. 3.4 Cu, mean 1.12% Cu, and up to 0.88% Zn, 0.46% Pb, and 213 ppb Au). Mineralization at Allman Hill is interpreted as skarn style copper mineralisation in Mt Charles Formation sediments/epidote hornfels on the carapace and margin of a granodiorite stock. A soil anomaly delineated by Noranda covers an area of 1,100 m by 300 m focused on areas where shears cross the granodiorite stock. One diamond drill hole by Noranda (18 m) and 3 holes by Denison Mines (220 m) all returned uniformly low copper grades." (Bartlett, 2007)

Belmont prospect  BELMONT—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "Malachite and haematite occur in two shear zones east of Belmont. They are 12 ft (4 m) and 3 ft (1 m) wide respectively and strike at 210°. Another zone, some 800 ft (244 m) to the south, with similar mineralization dips gently to the northwest and strikes 200° (Reed, 1965–1966)." (Fenton, 1979)

Belvedere prospect (Fig. C2)  BELVEDERE—MINERALIZATION "Lenticular quartz veins bearing pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite appear to be localized in a 50- foot wide west-northwest trending shear zone. The zone occurs in the hornfels near its contact with the granodiorite." (Fenton, 1979)  BELVEDERE—SOIL GEOCHEM ANOMALY "A geochemical soil survey over an area roughly 1,200 x 800 ft did not indicate any possible extensions to the mineralized zone (Geological Survey, 1966)." (Fenton, 1979)

Border prospect  BORDER-MT CHARLES AREA—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "In this area mineralization occurs in the Border and in the Mt Charles Formations, in shear zones and at the brecciated contact of these formations. The shows are of malachite, in some localities accompanied by haematite and are usually in narrow zones less than 10 ft (3.04 m) wide (Reed, 1965–1966)." (Fenton, 1979)  BORDER—GEOCHEM ANOMALIES "The CIDA data for molybdenite also shows a broad anomalous zone located in the Belvedere SEPL that is also coincident with a broad Cu anomaly…Further data processing by [Rodinia Jamaica Ltd] show coincident Cu- Mo anomalies located near Sue River (Mt Royal SEPL 552) and also at Border, both located in the Above Rocks Inlier. These results suggest the potential for porphyry Cu-Mo systems associated with the surface geochemical signatures at these prospects…" (Cromie, 2010)

Florence Hill prospect  FLORENCE HILL—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "Rock samples of weathered granodiorite from the trench in part showed pervasive secondary replacement by iron and manganese oxides and would appear to have been subjected to strong faulting (samples FHR0008–FHR013, 6 x 2 m channel samples). Minor fine-grained specula hematite, chalcocite, malachite, and coarse-grained molybdenite were observed." (Bartlett, 2009)  FLORENCE HILL—MINERALIZATION "Malachite associated with micro shears in weathered granodiorite was also observed in the area [of the 1950s trench] (samples FHR002, 003 and 005)…Two samples were also collected of oxidized quartz-magnetite veins (≤50 cm wide)" (Bartlett, 2009)  FLORENCE HILL—MINERALIZATION "Mineralization [at Florence Hill] seems to be confined to fractures and minor faults. These are often intensely chloritised over a narrow (2–20 cm) selvedge. Some also are strongly magnetite altered." (Nicolson, 2011a)  FLORENCE HILL—MINERALIZATION "Not far downstream [in the stream on Florence Hill that CIDA sampled] we encountered some of the mineralization that is coming to typify mineralisation in the area – magnetite skarn style replacement/alteration with associated chalcopyrite mineralisation that is more commonly now oxidised to additional Fe oxides (goethite) and Cu oxides (± malachite, brochantite, chrysocolla, azurite, cuprite, tenorite, neotocite). Gangue alteration minerals are dominated by chlorite (± tremolite, which is mostly now altered to chlorite) ± epidote. Quartz is generally present. We often see in the central and most intense part of the alteration, coarse-crystalline mesothermal quartz which is associated with magnetite, and chalcopyrite…The zones are generally developed within fault positions that are 1–3 m wide and in which the rocks are heavily fractured with a dominant trend of the fault-crush zone. A typical zone contains quartz-magnetite-chalcopyrite centrally, grading outwards to ± moly, then massive magnetite (± epidote) to magnetite chlorite, and then chlorite dominates, with a relatively sharp and sudden decrease in alteration intensity to barren granite. In places the granite is clearly affected by alteration." (Nicolson, 2011a)  FLORENCE HILL—STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "My feeling is that the mineralization [at Florence Hill] is structurally controlled, and there is a 1 km zone of strong and complex faulting and fracturing extending westwards from the cataclasite contact with the Wag Water, to about the crest of the ridge (the Top Road). Mineralisation is associated with magnetic skarns developed in fractures, or possibly replacing blocks/enclaves within the granite (we see limestone blocks incorporated into the granite at the large landslide scarp at Golden Springs). Westwards of this the granite is massive and

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generally undeformed, fractured, and we did not located any further mineralisation in the most westerly traverse." (Nicolson, 2011a)

Glengoffe prospect  GLENGOFFE—SOIL GEOCHEM ANOMALY "Extension of geochemical soil surveys in the Sue River-Glengoffe area has established continuity between the two anomalous areas defined by D.L. Cooke's work early in 1968. The combined copper anomaly as defined by the 100 ppm contour is now approximately 10,000 ft by 3,000 ft along the contact of granodiorite and hornfelsic rocks. Two well-defined highs exist within this area, the Sue River anomaly in the north and the Glengoffe anomaly to the south; the former also carries anomalous molybdenum values." (Paton, 1969)

Jobs Hill prospect (Fig. C3)  JOBS HILL—DRILLING RESULTS "Seven holes were drilled [at Jobs Hill] by Burrex in 1965 totalling 1,950 ft, all holes being located outside the dyke. Core recovery was very poor, apparently due to the brecciated nature of the rocks. Analyses of the sludge samples indicated 0.5% to 1% copper for short sections but most samples were in the range of 0.1% copper and less. Assays of chip samples in the Jobs Hill area ranged from less than 1.0% to 5.26% Cu for 9 samples. Twenty-four auger holes ranging in depth from 4 to 28 feet indicated an average of 800 ppm copper. These holes had been made to test for low-grade mineralization paralleling a granodiorite dyke (Burrex Mines Ltd, 1956–1967)." (Fig. 30 in Fenton, 1979; Williams, 1965a,b; Burrex, 1966)  JOBS HILL—GEOLOGY "Tertiary conglomerates of the Wagwater Formation are in faulted contact with the Cretaceous Border Volcanic Formation in the vicinity of Jobs Hill. Several faults and shear zones occur in this area. The mineralization is related to a number of northeast trending shears (Reed, 1965–1966) close to the Cretaceous–Tertiary contact. The shears are parallel to a steeply inclined red weathering granodiorite dyke (Burrex Mines Ltd, 1956–1967). Within the zone, which probably represents a north-east trending fault along which hydrothermal alteration has occurred, there are dickite veins, the largest of which is 50 ft (15 m) at maximum width and has an outcrop length of 400 ft (122 m). Some veins show brecciation near the margin or marked schistose texture (Reed, 1966b)." (Fenton, 1979)  JOBS HILL—MINERALIZATION "The main zone of mineralisation forms a moderate-steep sided ridge which is covered in bamboo thickets and scrubby undergrowth…Copper mineralisation at Jobs Hill occurs in a steeply inclined, north east trending, shear zone hosted breccia, parallel to a granodiorite dyke. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs adjacent to the shear zone along the dyke contact. Previous exploration has traced the main shear/fault for over 600 m in which "low grade" copper mineralisation (~0.5%) occurs over 15–20 metre widths along with "high grade" veins of massive malachite (>5% Cu). Copper primarily occurs as malachite but minor chalcocite and chalcopyrite has been observed. Copper is highly oxidized and occurs as secondary malachite accumulations/concentrations filling fracture surfaces, breccia voids, as ubiquitous staining, and as high grade massive malachite veins." (Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007)  JOBS HILL—VEGETATION "Copper mineralisation is made conspicuous by the presence of copper-rich soil loving ferns." (Greater Antilles Minerals, 2007)  JOBS HILL—RE-ANALYSIS OF OLD DATA "Ongoing interrogation of previous exploration results has highlighted new areas worthy of detailed appraisal and follow-up at Florence and near Jobs Hill. Aspects of these areas have affinities with potential bulk-tonnage intrusive related Cu(-Au) and epithermal (Cu)-Au-Ag systems which form the primary focus of exploration." (Bartlett, 2008)  JOBS HILL—MINERALIZATION "Copper mineralisation at Jobs Hill occurs in a steeply inclined, north east trending, shear zone which lies parallel to a granodiorite dyke. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs within brecciated intermediate volcanic rocks and altered "intrusives" along the dyke contact. Previous explorers have largely considered the area to be prospective for copper only, including recent metallurgical test work for copper extraction (Bartlett, 2007); however, historical reports recently discovered in the archives show precious metals are also present." (Bartlett, 2008)

Kingsweston prospect (Fig. C4)  KINGSWESTON—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "At King Weston, structural control of mineralization is evidence. Malachite, chalcocite, limonite and haematite are found ina 5-foot (1.5 m) wide shear zone, striking 155° (Reed, 1965–1966). Several small shears were revealed in a trench 265 ft (80.7 m) long which was cut to test a geochemical soil anomaly. Samples from the trench had values from 600 to 8,000 ppm copper (Cominco, 1968b). Bulk assays of three composite samples averaged 0.24% Cu.." (Fenton, 1979)  KINGSWESTON—SOIL GEOCHEM "Soil geochemistry revealed several scattered anomalies but with low anomaly contrast (Cominco, 1968b)." (Fenton, 1979)  KINGSWESTON—SOIL GEOCHEM & GEOLOGY "Soil sampling in the Kings Weston area revealed an irregular copper anomaly 5,000 ft by 3,000 ft as defined by the 100 ppm contour, containing many low areas and some highs (in excess of 1,000 ppm). The anomaly roughly conforms with an intrusive andesite mass and neighbouring monzonite and/or syenite intrusives. The andesite carries copper mineralization and is considered the important host rock here. A trench sample over a showing in

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weathered andesites at Kings Weston assayed 0.24% over 265 ft. with very little observable copper mineralization." (Paton, 1969)

Lucky Hill prospect  LUCKY HILL—GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "Several veins of malachite occur in shear zones in the Lucky Hill area. In places there are veins of azurite and bornite. These are all found in the Border Formation (Reed, 1965–1966). Between Lucky Hill, Sue River village and Sandwood, there are at least ten showings of copper, mainly as narrow beins with calcite gangue (Reed, 1965–1966)." (Fenton, 1979)

Mount Friendship prospect  MT FRIENDSHIP—STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "The east-west trending Cavaliers Fault bisects the property and major structural junctions are postulated to occur where the fault intersects the northwest trending Wagwater Fault in the Mount Friendship target area and a north trending fault in the Allman Hill area." (Geofine, 1992).  MT FRIENDSHIP—MINERALIZED FLOAT "…fairly ubiquitous, apparently high grade float, well mineralized with copper minerals including malachite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite and possibly tetrahedrite and tennanite, was discovered in a number of gullies both on and to the north and east of the property. The mineralization is associated with propylitically altered granodiorite, with silicified, fractured and brecciated volcanic rock, and with sheared and weathered clasts of granodiorite and volcanic rock in unsorted heterolithic conglomerate." (Geofine, 1992). 75 float samples had been collected from Mt Friendship area, but only two had been assayed (ave 9.97% Cu) at the time of writing (Geofine, 1992)

Sue River prospect (Fig. C5)  SUE RIVER—GEOLOGY "The Sue River prospect is centered on a plug of altered tonalite intruding the granodiorite of the Above Rocks stock. Two other small tonalite plugs to the southeast, also in the Freetown area, are associated with copper mineralization. The contact between the tonalite and the granodiorite in the Sue River prospect is partly faulted. A zone of highly silicified rocks is present in the area but the nature of the original rocks before alteration has been obscured by the intense alteration and weathering. Alteration in the tonalite consists of quartz-sericite and quartz-K-feldspar-biotite assesmblages with quartz=sericite alteration in the surrounding granodiorite." (Fenton, 1979)  SUE RIVER—MINERALIZATION "Mineralization consists of pyrite, chalcopyrite and haematite, disseminated and in fine fractures. Malachite and less commonly bornite are present in mineralized outcrops." (Fenton, 1979)  SUE RIVER—ASSAY RESULTS "The results of sampling in two adits at Sue River shows 0.37% Cu over 1,500 sq. ft and 0.88% over 53 feet (16 m), respectively (Burrex, 1957). Core recovery was very poor in the nine drill holes put down by Burrex, totalling 1,788 feet. The average copper concentration for the sections of core recovered was 0.45%." (Fenton, 1979)  SUE RIVER—SOIL GEOCHEM ANOMALY "Extension of geochemical soil surveys in the Sue River-Glengoffe area has established continuity between the two anomalous areas defined by D.L. Cooke's work early in 1968. The combined copper anomaly as defined by the 100 ppm contour is now approximately 10,000 ft by 3,000 ft along the contact of granodiorite and hornfelsic rocks. Two well-defined highs exist within this area, the Sue River anomaly in the north and the Glengoffe anomaly to the south; the former also carries anomalous molybdenum values." (Paton, 1969)  SUE RIVER—SOIL GEOCHEM, BEDROCK GEOLOGY & MINERALIZATION "As a result of detailed geological mapping of the Sue River prospect in 1976 by the Geological Survey, it was shown that the soil anomaly previously delineated by Cominco Ltd (1968b) was centered on a tonalite plug…The copper concentrations in soils over the tonalite were up to 2,000 ppm and over. Seven trenches average 80 feet (24 m) in length, cut in weathered rock in the tonalite plug indicated an average of 0.35% Cu (Jouin and Fenton, in prep). Values of copper in soils were lower in the surrounding granodiorite and particularly so in the Mount Charles Formation and the silicified zone. Anomalous molybdenum values (ranging from 8 to 260 ppm) were obtained for weathered outcrop samples in the general vicinity of Freetown (Cominco, 1968a), and in cores from two holes drilled by Burrex (1956–1967)." (Fenton, 1979)  SUE RIVER & BORDER—GEOCHEM ANOMALIES "The CIDA data for molybdenite also shows a broad anomalous zone located in the Belvedere SEPL that is also coincident with a broad Cu anomaly…Further data processing by [Rodinia Jamaica Ltd] show coincident Cu-Mo anomalies located near Sue River (Mt Royal SEPL 552) and also at Border, both located in the Above Rocks Inlier. These results suggest the potential for porphyry Cu-Mo systems associated with the surface geochemical signatures at these prospects…" (Cromie, 2010)  SUE RIVER—BHP RE-ANALYSIS OF CIDA DATA "Between 1986 and 1990 CIDA and the GSC undertook a sediment sampling survey of all the streams draining the volcanic, clastic sediment and instrusive inliers on the island. A larger number of the samples collected from within the present area of interest were anomalous in copper and/or gold. A Varimas analysis of the results generated a large Au, Ba, Pb, Zn, -Hf, -Pe anomaly in the Mt Royal area, centered on Trunnels River, extending west to Sue River and east to Toms River." (Hylands, 1994)

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Figure C1 Geology of the Allman Hill prospect (Fenton, 1979)

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Figure C2 Geology of the Belvedere showing (Fenton, 1979)

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Figure C3 Geology of the Job's Hill–Kingsweston area (Fenton, 1979)

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Figure C4 Geology of the Sue River showing (Fenton, 1979)

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SCHEDULE D GLOSSARY aqua regia. A strong oxidizing 3:1 mixture of hydrochloric to nitric acid used to dissolve rock prior to geochemical analysis. Dissolves most base metal sulphide minerals as well as gold and platinum, but leaves undigested silicate and aluminate residue as well as refractory minerals such as garnet and spinel. See SGS Mineral Services (2010). bauxite. "…Jamaica has exported bauxite and alumina since the 1950s. Jamaican bauxites are geochemically unique in comparison with non-Caribbean bauxites. They result from natural soil- forming processes (Norton, 1973) in a geochemically ideal karst environment that facilitates silica removal. It is widely believed that the source of the alumina was external from Jamaica and the bauxite formed as a result of the tropical weathering of volcanic ash-fall material most likely carried eastward by stratospheric winds from Central America (Comer, 1984; Lyew-Ayee et al., 1989; Comer and Jackson, 2004). As a result of this source and subsequent soil development over long periods of time, as much as 5–10 Ma, the bauxites and terra rosa soils of Jamaica have a characteristic geochemical signature." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004)  "Jamaica’s karst terrains are intimately associated with the principal economic mineral deposits of the island. Jamaican bauxites were not found to be present in commercial quantities until the Second World War. Commercially exploitable bauxites occur mainly on the central plateau. These are of the terra rossa type, most commonly red in colour, and only occur with sharp basal contact as pocket or blanket deposits on the karstified surface of the White Limestone Group. Bauxite deposits may be up to 50 m in thickness… John B. Comer, an American research student in the 1970s, formulated the volcanic ash theory that is now widely accepted as accurately explaining the genesis of Jamaican bauxite. Convincing geochemical data led Comer to suggest that Jamaican bauxite originated from the weathering of igneous rocks. Unlike Zans, Comer considered that the parent rock was most likely to be volcanic ash deposited from contemporaneous eruptions onto the karstic limestone surface during the late Cenozoic. The problem with this theory is the absence of coeval subaerial volcanism in Jamaica or its immediate area. Nevertheless, bentonite beds within deep- water Miocene limestones of the White Limestone Group show that air-fall ash was being deposited in the Jamaican region at this time, presumably derived from island- arc volcanism in the Lesser Antilles or Central America." (Donovan, 2010) carbonate deposition [Tertiary]. "Following the episode of extension recorded by [Palaeocene] rifting, Jamaica became the site of carbonate basins and platforms on which approximately 600 m of limestone were deposited between Middle Eocene and Middle Miocene time (Robinson, 1971). Uplifts related to convergent strike-slip movements after the Middle Miocene at the site of a major restraining bend have removed about one-third of the area of the carbonate platform, mostly from the Wagwater belt and the neighboring Cretaceous inliers of eastern Jamaica." (Mann and Burke, 1990)

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Clarendon Mining Ltd. "During 1994, Clarendon Mining Ltd, a wholly owned Jamaican subsidiary of Orvana Minerals Corporation, acquired from Geofine Jamaica Ltd or by staking four Special Exploration Prospecting Licences (SEPLs) lying north of Kingston, Jamaica. Two of these (SEPL 424 and 436) constitute the Friendship Property obtained from Geofine; the remaining two (337 and 370), contiguous to the north, cover the Mt Royal property." (Hyland, 1994) copper mineralization. "Although the age of the [copper] mineralization is not known, the presence of malachite in fragments included in the Wagwater Conglomerate (Lower-mid Eocene), indicates that mineralized areas older than this unit were being eroded at the time of deposition of the conglomeratic rocks. Mineralized shears are present in the Wagwater Formation at Jobs Hill. This suggests that more than one period of mineralization is represented in this area." (Fenton, 1979, p. 93)

Denison Mines Ltd. A Toronto, Canada based company that was active in the Allman Hill area from 1967 to 1971. [DCummings note: The correct spelling is Denison (one "n"), not Dennison as is commonly reported.] entisols. See soils.

EPL 175. Exclusive Prospecting Licence held by Noranda in the 1960s that was partly contiguous with SEPL 550 (Belvedere). Silt samples were collected from all larger streams and analyzed at a geochem lab Noranda had set up in Kingston. Identified a Cu anomaly around Allman Hill. fire assay. Method of digesting sample prior to geochemical analysis. Method employs a flux containing lead to break down sample in high temperature (900°C) furnace. The precious metals freed as a consequence combine with the lead, which sinks to the bottom of the crucible, forming a "lead button" beneath the slag. A process called cupellation is then performed in which the molten lead is oxidized at high temperature, leaving a small spherical globe ("prill") of precious metal alloy. Fire assay digestion can accommodate relatively large samples (30–50 g). As such, it is preferred digestion method when ascertaining concentration of gold, platinum and palladium because these elements tend to occur naturally in very low levels. See SGS Mineral Services (2010). float. "…mineralised float is quite common [near the Florence Hill prospect] yet it can be hard to track down the source outcrops even when the size of the mineralized (or magnetite skarn) boulders is very large and angular…This may be because the mineralised zones are poddy, either as a reflection of their original form (i.e., some may have replaced rafts of limestone/carbonate rich rock caught up in the granite), or have become much disrupted through post mineral faulting." (Nicolson, 2011) geochemical anomalies. "The emphasis in past exploration programmes in Jamaica has been placed on the search for high grade copper deposits. These are usually small in area and do not produce large geochemical haloes and may easily by missed if no good outcrops or gossan zones

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are exposed. For this reason, although the area has been mapped and prospected with few promising results, this does not rule out the possibility of a large low grade ore body since this was not a specific target and especially if much of the mineralized zone of such a deposit has not yet been mapped. This type of mineralization would produce subtle geochemical changes over a large area and the distribution of alteration changes in the petrology would have to be mapped in detail." (Noranda, 1965)

ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectroscopy). Alternate name for ICP- OES.

ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectroscopy). Method of geochemical analysis capable of ascertaining low concentrations of most elements quickly. A liquid sample is nebulized to form an aerosol, which is introduced into a high-temperature argon plasma, causing the aerosol to atomize and ionize. As the ions return to ground state, they emit light. Different wavelengths in the light are characteristic of different element. The intensity of each wavelength is measured, and from this the concentration of different elements in the sample is determined. The method is fast and it can be used to determine virtually all elements. Analyses will be compromised, however, if target elements remain incompletely digested in liquid sample.

INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis). Method of geochemical analysis in which samples are bombarded with neutrons, which generates radioisotopes that decay, producing gamma ray emissions with signatures that can be linked to element concentrations. A simple analysis that can measure low levels (5 ppb) of gold, in addition to 28 other elements, including gold pathfinders As, Sb and W. Cannot be used to measure some base metals (e.g., Pb) and has difficulty with others (e.g., Cu, Na). Cannot be used on samples high in carbon because carbon absorbs neutrons. See SGS Mineral Services (2010). island arc volcanism "The oldest exposed rocks on Jamaica, consisting of Cretaceous island arc volcanic, volcaniclastic and plutonic rocks, are truncated by a major unconformity of Latest Cretaceous–Earliest Cenozoic age. The Cretaceous rocks The east-west alignment of plutons, volcanic centres and isopachs of Upper Cretaceous arc-related sedimentary rocks suggests that the arc trend was roughly east–west…We have suggested that the arc may have extended from Jamaica over 1000 km to the west into northern Central America (Mann and Burke, 1984) and formed part of the Great Arc of the Caribbean which swept into the Atlantic from the Pacific (Burke, 1988)." (Mann and Burke, 1990). inceptisols. See soils. karst. lead. "The Pb results [at Allman Hill] closely mirror the Zn patterns." (Hyland, 1994)

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molybdenum. "Mo [at Allman Hill] was used as a possible indicator of "porphyry copper"." (Hyland, 1994) oxisols. See soils. rifting. "Rifts in Jamaica are presently oblique to the generally east–west strike of plutons and sedimentary facies belts within a Maestrichtian–Palaeocene(?) island arc." (Mann and Burke, 1990)  "The Wagwater belt in eastern Jamaica is an exceptionally well exposed example of a transverse intra-rift formed during an abrupt transition from convergent to strike-slip tectonics." (Mann and Burke, 1990) soils.  Entisols and oxisols "The majority of the island [of Jamaica] is covered by entisols, and lesser occurrences of oxisols within the entisol area. The entisols are thin (<1 m) and often highly weathered soils lacking a well-developed, or easily recognizable, B horizon. The soils mapped specifically as oxisols occur in depressions and basins and are present as a result of local colluvial and fluvial transport. For the most part these soils, referred to as terra rosas, lie on Eocene and Miocene limestones and have developed in a karst environment, they are geochemically similar to oxisols and may be considered thin oxisols. Where they occur on the plateau-lands (c. 1000 m a.s.l.) of central Jamaica they have been under continuous development since the late Miocene (10 Ma) when proto-Jamaica started rising from the sea, or the Pliocene (5 Ma). Where these soils fill karstic depressions (as oxisols), or have been transported into Pliocene grabens (Hill, 1973), and have an appropriate chemistry, they form a bauxite resource. In the following discussions it is an important fact that the terra rossa soils of Jamaica contain, as a parent material component, late Miocene volcanic ash-fall material that fell on the karst surface of proto-Jamaica." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004)  Inceptisols "The next most abundant soils [after entisols and oxisols] are inceptisols that have developed on the Cretaceous inlier rocks, seen through 'windows' in the Eocene and Miocene sediments, and on Palaeocene sediments deposited in the Wagwater graben. These are generally medium to high relief areas still undergoing active erosion. As a result, the soils are relatively immature, some extremely so as they have developed after recent hurricanes and landslides have stripped hillsides bare of soil." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004) soil sampling. "Some precautions are required when soil sampling in this area. In her report Fenton points out that the presence of thick overburden in places would be an inhibiting factor with respect to soil sampling. Also the terra rosa soils so common in Jamaica are thought to be weathered tephra deposits of exotic origin. The bauxite deposits for which Jamaica is so famous are thought to be derived from the weathered tephra deposits that collected in karstic topography. Hence geochemical soil sampling, and for that matter stream sediment sampling, can be fraught with difficulties if one is not aware of the make up of the soil. Because of the

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extremes in topography the terra rosa soils or soils derived from exotic tephra may or may not be present." (Gleeson, 1991a)  "Due to the rapid erosion the soils are immature and a normal profile is absent. Where the depth of soil permitted, samples were taken with an earth auger at about 18 inches depth. In some locations the surface consists of weathered granodiorite with no soil cover, and here samples were taken with a small shovel at 6 to 9 inch depth." (Arnott, 1969)  "Samples from the B horizon of the soil, that is the zone of clay accumulation and precipitation, are preferred. However with the rugged topography encountered in the project area it is likely that the soils are immature, and except for a thin organic surface layer a normal profile may be absent. On the steep slopes the soils are probably only one or two feet deep, with greater depths at the base of slopes near the streams. Samples could be collected with pick and shovel at 9" and 12" provided the organic layer has been penetrated. If the soils are less than 9" deep the samples can be taken at bedrock." (Debnam, 1968)  "A diverse suite of soils has developed in this tropical environment, ranging from inceptisols to oxisols and many thin soils classified as entisols (Campbell, 1998); some have been continuously developing since at least the Pliocene (5 Ma)." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004)  "Geochemical studies of gold in Jamaica are complicated by the presence of transported palaeo-anomalies, related to Miocene ash-falls, in terra rossa soils in karst terrain." (Garrett, 2008) stream sampling. "The fine material from the centre of a channel was considered to be most representative of the upstream environment." (Debnam, 1968)  "Although copper mineralization is known to occur within the anomalous areas, the mineralization does not appear to contribute significant metal to the drainage sediments." (Debnam, 1968)  "There is a general consensus of explorationists familiar with geological environments in Jamaica, that the CIDA reconnaissance stream sediment geochemical survey released in 1988 provides the most immediate and reliable general insight into the copper and gold potential of the Cretaceous Inliers and associated rocks." (Geofine, 1992)  "The [CIDA] stream sediment anomalies are usually weak due to the frequent dilution by tropical rain storms. However, the anomalies detected in the CIDA regional survey are generally reproducible and can often be traced to an in-situ source…" (Geofine, 1992)  When discussing work conducted to follow up CIDA stream sed anomalies in Bellas Gate SEPL for TrevCorp, Geofine (1992) states the following: o "i) The CIDA anomalies are reproducible; o ii) The magnitude of the anomalies is generally small, with stream sediment gold anomalies on the Bellas Gate property ranging between 5 and 210 ppb, and with copper anomalies ranging between 80 and 160 ppm; o iii) The subtle anomalies probably are due in part to the washing out of relatively young stream channels by the frequent heavy tropical rain storms; o iv) Both strong and weak copper anomalies have been found to reflect strong copper mineralization; consistently strong copper anomalies in a regional drainage basin tends to reflect a significant source or sources of copper mineralization;

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o v) The higher gold anomalies are often rather erratic—their apparent lack of good consistency may result from gold being concentrated in depressions or pockets in the stream bed by the energy of runoff in the gullies; o vi) Multi-element associations are very important but the magnitude of the anomalies is not necessarily important: very weak multi-element anomalies were often found to reflect very significant gold and copper mineralization in new showings discovered by follow-up prospecting; o vii) Precious metals, zinc, arsenic, antimony, tellurium and barium are often important indi9cators of copper potential in Jamaica; o viii) The element associations in multi-element anomalies often are indicative of zoning in the vicinity of porphyry environments; fracture controlled copper mineralization and related elements can provide important evidence of proximity to target; o ix) CIDA copper anomalies and the mineralization they reflect are often located at or in the vicinity of structural junctions… o x) The intensity of the alteration package associated with the structural junctions is often an indication of the prospectiveness of the target area." (Geofine, 1992)

Histogram of copper concentration in 2,000 stream sediment samples collected in 1967 by Denison Mines Ltd during their Jamaica Project, greater Allman Hill area (Belvedere SEPL), showing interpreted background, threshold and anomalous concentrations (Debnam, 1968).

supergene processes. "According to Allison Fenton weathering and leaching of copper on the Connors zone is present to 30 m or more, she also mentions deep weathering on Weebar Hill. Although this can be a deterrent when testing for the more mobile elements such as the base metals, it is a plus for gold exploration. In such environments, gold may be dissolved, liberated from its original sulphide matrix, and precipitated in near situ as a result its fineness will be

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increased. This makes for easy mining and extraction as witnessed by the laterite gold deposits now being mined in Australia, West Africa and other parts of the world." (Gleeson, 1991a) terra rosa soil. "terra rossas…are leached, acidic, well oxidized residual soils. This grouping is composed dominantly of entisols and oxisols, with some inceptisols, alfisols and ultisols; locally they include bauxites that are commercially developed." (Garrett et al., 2004)  "…terra rossas…have been developing for >5 Ma." (Garrett et al., 2004)  "During the late Miocene there were extensive intermediate to felsic volcanic ash-falls from sources in Central America; some fell into the sea where they are preserved in bentonite beds (Comer and Jackson, 2004), and some on the developing karst topography of proto- Jamaica." (Garrett et al., 2004)  "Commercially exploitable bauxites occur mainly on the central [karst] plateau. These are of the terra rossa type, most commonly red in colour, and only occur with sharp basal contact as pocket or blanket deposits on the karstified surface of the White Limestone Group." (Donovan, 2002) uplift. "Uplift of Jamaica [in the Neogene] and inversion of the Wagwater trough resulted from shortening along a restraining bend of a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, passing through the island." (Mann and Burke, 1990)  "Uplifts related to convergent strike-slip movements after the Middle Miocene at the site of a major restraining bend have removed about one-third of the area of the carbonate platform, mostly from the Wagwater belt and the neighboring Cretaceous inliers of eastern Jamaica." (Mann and Burke, 1990)

Wagwater Trough.  "Uplift of Jamaica [in the Neogene] and inversion of the Wagwater trough resulted from shortening along a restraining bend of a left-lateral strike-slip fault zone, passing through the island." (Mann and Burke, 1990)  "Reactivation of the former normal faults of the graben as reverse faults has exposed most of the Wagwater trough stratigraphy in the mountainous Wagwater belt." (Mann and Burke, 1990)  "Seismic profiling in the eastern Cayman trough north of Jamaica shows an area of 15 half- graben structures which strike orthogonally to the Wagwater belt and Montpelier– Newmarket zones…The half-grabens…are interpreted…as Palaeogene extensional features associated with early opening of the Cayman trough. The Cayman trough formed as a pull apart basin at a 100 km wide stepover between two left-lateral strike-slip faults in Middle Eocene time…" (Mann and Burke, 1990)  "We suggest that Palaeogene rift-related rocks exposed in the Wagwater belt correlate with: (1) the buried Palaeogene Montpelier–Newmarket trough of western Jamaica; (2) the undrilled submarine rifts in the eastern Cayman trough; and (3) Palaeogene rifts known from well and geophysical data on the Nicaraguan Rise…All of these rifts are approximately the same size and range in strike from north-east to north-west." (Mann and Burke, 1990)

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 "The Wagwater belt includes most of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks of Jamaica, i.e., the Newcastle, Nutfield and Halberstadt Volcanics. The only other Cenozoic volcanic rocks in Jamaica are minor amounts of alkaline basalt associated with left-steps or pull-aparts along left-lateral, Late Neogene strike-slipe faults." (Mann and Burke, 1990)  "…Paleocene grabens [in Jamaica] contain a wide variety of coarse- (Wagwater) and fine- grained (Richmond) sediments (Robinson, 1994). The Wagwater graben sediments contain sub-basins with finer-grained sediments, evaporates, and both keratophyric and basaltic sub-volcanic intrusives. The Richmond sediments extend beyond the Wagwater graben and crop out around the Cretaceous inliers in eastern Jamaica." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004) zinc. "In Allman [Hill] East, the quasi-anomalous Zn results appear to reflect the presence of the hornfels." (Hyland, 1994)

1 From http://www.bestcountryreports.com/Temperature_Map_Jamaica.php 2 ALLMAN HILL "The [1968–1969 Denison Mines Ltd] soil samples show an anomaly covering an area of about ¼ mile by ½ mile in a north- northwest direction…The anomalous area is underlain by granodiorite and is centered on the crest of a hill. The highest point of this hill is covered by a limestone capping which is unlikely to be more than a few tens of feet in thickness…The soil anomaly shows that an extensive area of copper mineralization occurs, but due to the deep tropical weathering and probable leaching it is impossible to guess at the possible grade of the underlying fresh rock and this can only be determined by drilling deeply enough to penetrate the unweathered granodiorite." (Arnott, 1969) 3 ALLMAN HILL "A reconnaissance stream sediment geochemical survey was varied out [by Denison Mines Ltd] in 1967–1968 in which three areas of potential interest were indicated. These were Allman Hill, Edward Piece and Florence Hill. Induced polarization surveys over these areas gave negative results. Detailed soils sampling surveys were conducted (during 1967–68), in the three areas selected by stream sediment geochemistry. In the Allman Hill area intense copper anomaly was detected. The anomalous zone which is underlain by granodiorite extends over an area of about ½ mile by ¼ mile with copper values from 2.5 to over 20 times background. The Allman Hill anomaly was tested by diamond drilling. Three holes with a total footage of 727 feet were drilled. Core recovery was very poor. Sludge samples assayed for Cu revealed very low and uniform copper values, all below 0.1% Cu. Values were very similar to the of soil samples taken at depths of about 18 inches. Analyses of three composites for gold and silver and a 30 element spectrographic test failed to supply encouraging results. It was suggested by Arnott (1970) that the reason for the intense copper anomaly was that the present surface of erosion is not very far below the original roof of the intrusion and that the anomaly is similar to others found at the contact of the granodiorite with the hornfels and are due to very small amounts of chalcopyrite present. Boulders of hornfels on top of granodiorite ridges lend support to this explanation. This view is further supported by the fact that the anomaly is centred on the top of the ridge, i.e., close to the original roof of the intrusion." (Fenton, 1975) 4 ALLMAN HILL—GEOLOGY "In the west-central part of the property, in the vicinity of the Allman Hill target area, granodiorite of the Above Rocks Inlier is the dominante rock type but it is overlain by Eocene limestones and conglomerates to the south and to the east." (Geofine, 1992, p. i) MT FRIENDSHIP "In…the Mount Friendship target area, the granodiorite outcrops along the Wagwater Fault where it is unconformably overlain by the Wagwater Group sediments. These sediments are in turn overlain by Newcastle Volcanics which are overlain by sediments of the Richamond Formation. (Geofine, 1992, p. i) STRUCTURAL CONTROL ON MINERALIZATION "The east-west trending Cavaliers Fault bisects the property and major structural junctions are postulated to occur where the fault intersects the northwest trending Wagwater Fault in the Mount Friendship target area and a north trending fault in the Allman Hill area." (Geofine, 1992, p. i) ALLMAN HILL—GEOCHEM ANOMALY "In the Allman Hill target area, a strong, regional copper-zinc-arsenic stream sediment anomaly was partially outlined over a 2.5 km by 2.5 km area, thus confirming the CIDA anomalies. Detailed steam sediment sampling suggested that the main source of the copper is associated with skarnified granodiorite and limestone that is located mainly to the SE of Allman Hill and that remains open for extension…The highest grade copper mineralization associated with skarn discovered by the current program has apparent sources at and in the vicinity of the Allman Hill showing, and in the Mine 1, Mine 4, and Copper River Gullies…The highest grade copper mineralization associated with granodiorite was found in the Mason 1 and 2, Mine 5, and the Copper River Gullies." (Geofine, 1992, p. ii)

5 ALLMAN HILL – 1963 SEDIMENT SAMPLING "Noranda's field work commenced on the Stony River Property (EPL 175) [in 1963]. The field work consisted of geochemical sampling, geological mapping and diamond drilling. Over one thousand soil samples, and several hundred silt samples, were collected and the copper content of these samples was determined in our Kingston [geochemistry] laboratory. Detailed geological mapping was completed on the immediate copper showing area, and one diamond drill hole was abandoned at a depth of 27 feet. These operations took place from mid June to mid July." (Cochrane, 1963) 6 ALLMAN HILL – 1963 GRID ESTABLISHED. "A 3700-foot base line was laid out and 1000-foot cross lines were put in every 100 feet along the base line, for a total of 40,000 feet of line cutting." (Williams, 1964a) 7 ALLAN HILL – 1963 SOIL SAMPLING "More than 1000 soil samples were taken along the cross lines at 50 foot intervals and were analyzed in the Noranda Exploration laboratory [in Kingston, Jamaica]." (Williams, 1964a) 8 "Altered fine-grained sediments and epidote hornfels occur as islands in a sea of intrusive granodiorite, which is cut by dykes of feldspar porphyry. The copper mineralization is generally confined to the vicinity of the contacts between the metamorphic rocks and the granodiorite,

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and may have been concentrated in the fracture systems. The yello-weathering fine-grained baked sediments, mostly shales or tuffs, are finely laminated in places and are partly silicious. They decompose to a red-orange clay. The epidote-hornfels is a fine- to medium-grained epidote- feldspar hornfels, often with yellow limonite and some specularite, and is partially silicified in places. It decomposes to a red-brown soil. The granodiorite is a red or grey medium- to coarse-grained hornblende-oligoclase granodiorite of variable composition, but with common magnetite and substantial fracturing. It decomposes to a characteristic brown sandy soil. The feldspar porphyry occurs in dark grey medium- to fine- grained dykes, which cut the granodiorite." (Williams, 1964a) 9 ALLAN HILL – 1963 DRILLING RESULTS "One 60-foot diamond drill hole was put down on the best outcrop above the road, but yielded inconclusive results. The log of this hole follows: 0'–0.5' Silicious banded magnetite caprock 0.5'–28' Sandy decomposed material with some magnetic sand at 25 feet 28'–34' Fractured coarse-grained feldspathic rock with stringers of calcite and disseminated specks and veinlets of limonite 34'–60' The water and core were lost in the soft highly decomposed rock through which the drill cut, and did not return even with extensive cementing of the hole. The hole was abandoned at 60 feet." (Williams, 1964a)  "The drill hole did seem to indicate that, at least in this location, the granodiorite lies not far beneath the surface and is highly decomposed to depths greater than 60 feet. As the hole borders on the only rich geochemical anomaly in grid "B", little hope is offered for large tonnage reserves in this zone." (Williams, 1964a) 10 BELVEDERE – 1964 SAMPLING "Geochemical silt sampling and prospecting of all the larger stream valleys and some follow-up soil sampling was carried out during the months of April and May, 1964…Mr. R. Phillips analyzed 520 silt samples and over 100 soil samples at the laboratory located at 18 Charlton Road, Kingston. The results of the sampling are shown on Map No. 1. The only appreciable build-up of copper values in the silts can be traced to the Allman Hill showings which had been extensively sampled by Noranda last summer. Some high silt values south of Allman Hill near the Rock Hall road, others west of Allman Hill, and still others south of Sandy Hill all seem to originate in pyrite- bearing zones in the granodiorite or the hornfels, often near a granodiorite–hornfels contact. The small Carr Hill iron and copper showing is also well-reflected in the silt sampling results and does not appear to have any major extensions." (Williams, 1964b)  "The only appreciable build-up of copper values in the area surveyed could be traced to the Allman Hill showing. The small Carr Hill iron–copper showing was also reflected in the results." (Noranda, 1965) 11 BELVEDERE -- Cu MINERALIZATION "In a further investigation carried out in the Bog Walk Quadrangle by Reed, an area around a malachite showing at Belvedere (G.R. 59904420) was mapped and a soil grid established over an area of roughly 1200 x 800 ft. Primary copper mineralization occurs in lenticular quartz veins containing dissemated pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. The veins are localized in west north west trending shear zones. Channel samples across a malachite stained area proved a mineralized zone 9.5 feet in width with an average copper grade of 0.84%. Results of the geochemical survey suggest that an orebody of economic grade and dimensions at that locality is unlikely (GSD annual report 1966 p. 14). Heavy mineral separates, panned from stream gravels collected at the same localities as the silt samples in the GSD geochemical survey were dominated by magnetite with lesser amounts of epidote, sphene, apatite and ilmenite." (Noranda, 1965) 12 1988 CNS SOIL SURVEY "In 1988 an island-wide soil survey was undertaken by the Centre for Nuclear Sciences (CNS), now the International Centre for Environmental and Nuclear Sciences (ICENS), of the University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Jamaica. Sampling was at a nominal density of 1 site per 64 km2 in order to determine the background levels of a range of major, minor and trace elements of agricultural, ecosystem and human health interests (Lalor et al. 1995; Lalor, 1999). An 8 x 8 km grid was overlain on a 1:250,000 scale topographic map, and within each cell one sampling site was selected randomly. Sites falling on very steep slopes and in urban areas were not sampled. This resulted in 165 sample sites where 2 kg of A, B and C horizon soils were collected from pits, up to 1.8 m deep. However, at many sites the soils (e.g. entisols) are poorly differentiated and no B horizon material could be recognized. Only the A (surface) horizon soils collected from between 5 and 30 cm have been studied in detail to date; the B and C horizon materials were archived. The <150 µm fraction of the surface soils was recovered for analysis following the recommendation of an orientation survey (Simpson et al., 1991), and for preparing a global geochemical database (Darnley et al., 1995). The sieved sample material was further ground in a Fritsch mortar-grinder and analysed for a suite of 37 elements by INA, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and AAS (aqua regia digestion) procedures; soil pH was also determined (Lalor et al., 1995). Analytical accuracy and precision (RSD%) were estimated by analysing certified reference materials (CANMET SO-4, IAEA Soil-7 and NIST 2709) and performing duplicated analyses of field samples. For both the INA and AAS analyses, accuracy was generally better than ±10% and in many cases better than ±5%; precision was better than 10% in most cases, and better than 15% at worst (Lalor et al., 1995)." (Garrett and Lalor, 2004).

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