Metal Bellows Expansion Joints SPECIFICATION GUIDE Your Trusted Source Worldwide www.penflex.com 3 DS-EN-2000 (01) 1 and products that [email protected] custom hoses and expansion hoses and expansion custom and known for their durability known for delivers high quality value: products outlast competitive hoses and Penflex hundreds of companies worldwide. hundreds of companies by www.penflex.com Penflex beginning and continues today to be a leader in the to be a leader in and continues today beginning very and improved resistance to chemical as well as and improved resistance to chemical corrosion

, joints expansion and hoses durable products. providing customers exceptional providing customers Penflex know-how to create standard, off the shelf, standard, create to know-how Fax 877-647-4011 Fax and providing for greater durability the technology Corporation has been a pioneer from the has been a pioneer Corporation 700, 800, 900, 1400, 400 1400, 900, 800, 700, has 610-367-2260 P5, Braids P4, Penflex Mission - Unique pressure capable robust interlocked hose - need. Penflex need. flex provides a unique breadth and depth of highly provides a unique breadth and depth of highly Series: P3, M100 Conveyor Hose . of flexible piping solutions and manufacture

that meet specific application requirements. that meet specific • • • Exhaust Hose • Superior and personalized customer service customer Superior and personalized expertise industry Cutting-edge High quality braided flexible metal corrugated hose and metal bellows expansion joints and metal bellows hose corrugated metal braided flexible High quality pricing Competitive On-time delivery Corrugated Metal Hose Interlocked Metal Hose Wire & Synthetic 800-232-3539 Your Trusted Source Worldwide Source Trusted Your joints Penflex also understands that unique applications require unique products and is committed to products that that unique applications require unique products and is committed to also understands Penflex customers improved reliability in high pressure applications. improved reliability • Metal Bellows Expansion Joints • • Product Offerings Penflex • • design markets vertical in more than 15 are used corrosion, superior resistance to The Pen the manufacturer of choice by It is our mission to be • • • • in replacement costs and down time. expansion joints saving time and money in wall thickness, lead the industry About Penflex Penflex About 1902, Founded in Table of Contents Your Trusted Source Worldwide: About Penflex Page 1

Exceptional Value Page 3

Specifying Part Numbers Page 4

Metal Expansion Joint Design Data Page 4

Introduction & Engineering Qualifications Page 5

Selecting A Bellows Page 6

Bellows Movements Page 7

Expansion Joint Movements Page 8

Untied Expansion Joint Designs Page 9

Tied Expansion Joint Designs Page 10

Characteristics of Bellows Designs Page 11

Expansion Joint Attachments Page 13

Technical Information Page 14

Glossary Page 15

This catalog is intended to serve as a reference. Please visit www.penflex.com for more information, including details on the specific Corrosion Resistance of Materials and Alloys Cross-Reference. For additional engineering specifications, please call the factory at (800) 232-3539 or (610) 367-2260. Penflex reserves the right to change specifications without notice.

2 DS-EN-2000 (01) 3

etc. le metal you ib ex ators for: Quality ul answers to the Engineering calc Pennsylvania assistance Penflex Texas Illinois Georgia Vietnam manufactures Vietnam manufactures [email protected] maintains stocking maintains is committed to customer consideration and Gilbertsville, Atlanta, Chicago, Penflex Penflex • • • •• Houston, Vietnam Worldwide Locations Worldwide rs in the selection and use of fl to nflex.com and include online bu changes to existing products, lex.com/bulletins /pe www.penflex.com / has an experienced staff with decades of industry tps: ://penf products,

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Pennsylvania headquarters and manufacturing plant location, Penflex Penflex location, manufacturing plant headquarters and Pennsylvania These satellite warehouses permit prompt deliveries to customers. prompt deliveries warehouses permit These satellite archive can be customer service professionals are available to answer questions and provide any customer service professionals are available 610-367-2260 Length service areas in the service areas Penflex Adjustment Factors Team Assemblies , is Penflex’s commitment to each customer that quality and customer satisfaction come first. that quality is Penflex’s commitment to each customer , lex Assembly 15 require. emperature flex has developed a set of tec Quality Policy Quality Objectives Quality Manual Corrosion Resistance Building Hose Velocity Corrugated Hose Flow T 800-232-3539 o better support and serve the needs of our customers, Bulletins are issued periodically as well as relevant improvements to our manufacturing processes, most common questions received from our customers, The Engineering Bulletins For assistance with support for metal bellows expansion joints Penflex knowledge available to answer your questions. knowledge available to answer T hose products. These tools are professionalism. • • • • Pressure • From last minute shipments and special requests to end-user support and custom orders, From last minute shipments and special • The Penf satisfaction and success. service, may Customers Unmatched Support to Pen • • • Quaity Management System Management System Quaity products to providing from manufacturing high quality in all that we do, to providing superior quality is dedicated Penflex with the requirements of ISO which complies Management System, Our Quality . unsurpassed customer service to customers 9001:20 Management System (Penflex QMS) Management System (Penflex Locations to its Gilbertsville, In addition across the US. across the warehouses primary hose with Exceptional Value Exceptional The Penflex Product to Fit Your Requirements

Specifying Part Numbers for Expansion Joints

Pressure Rating Nominal ID OAL Number (psi) (in) (in) of Plies

EX 015 10 20 321 5 RW/RW L

Expansion Joint Type Alloy End Connections Accessories EX = Exhaust 304 RW = Resistance Weld D = Drain SE = Single Expansion Joint 316L F = Forged Flange L = Liner DE = Double Expansion Joint 321 P = Plate Flange S = Shroud UE = Universal Expansion Joint Inconel® 600 W = Pipe End T = Tiered HE = Hinged Expansion Joint Inconel® 625 S = Special R = Limit Rod GE = Gimballed Expansion Joint Inconel® 825 WR = Weld Rings PB = Pressure Balance Incoloy® 800H V = Vanstone DH = Double Hinged Hastelloy® C-22 DG = Double Gimballed Hastelloy® C-276 HX = Heat Exchanger Monel® 400 PV = Pressure Vessel SRV - Safety Relief Valve Vent Connector XP = Externally Pressurized Data Needed for Metal Expansion Joint Design To request an expansion joint design for your application, please provide the data requested below to [email protected].

Company Name * Lateral Offset (in)

City, State * Angular Offset (deg)

Inquiry By * Cycle Life

Email * Overall Length (in)

Phone Spring Rate Axial (lbs/in)

Quantity * Spring Rate Lateral (lbs/in)

Application End Types: Left

Inside Diameter (in) * Right

Operating Pressure (psig) Shroud (Yes or No)

Test Pressure (psig) Liner (Yes or No)

Operating Temperature (F) Tie Rods (Yes or No)

Media Design Code (EJMA, B31.3, B31.1)

Material NDE

Velocity Mass Spec (Range)

Natural Frequency (hz) Visual Inspections (VT) (Yes or No)

Axial Compression in) Liquid Penetrant (PT) (Yes or No)

Axial Extension (in) Radiographic (RT) (Yes or No)

* Required Field

4 DS-EN-2000 (01) 5 Test Visual and Leak accredited for [email protected] th Edition, using th ASME Edition, Section -1A 10 -TC an highly skilled staff with an highly y Traceability to 1.3 times the design pressure. . ) erial Testing www.penflex.com configurations that are designed to meet a range of needs. range a to meet designed are that configurations ex has the latest generation of design of manufacturing design of generation of has the latest ex flex Expansion Joints have been meticulously designed, designed, meticulously been have Expansion Joints flex ressure ), esting (VT), Liquid Penetrant Inspection (PT Engineering Qualifications Engineering T Inspection (LT decades of combined industry experience. industry combined of decades Design made or made in commonly be custom Expansion joints can used Calculations to Expansion Joint Manufacturer’s All calculations are designed Association (EJMA) Standards, or All expansion joints are pressure tested pneumatically hydrostatically SNT All testing personnel are manufactured and tested b and tested manufactured allowable values. Quality Penfl equipment. 100% Mat from original via digital storage Design preservation shipment after calculation, through production and on to or improvement replacement for requirements P Pen

xpanding e Fax 877-647-4011 Fax yclical movements movements yclical c xible metal hoses and xible metal fle rogram ctions. The program has three in- The program has three ctions. ompliant and will offer ompliant and will offer usage, c as well as 610-367-2260 and B31.1. ASTM B31.3, f the system. Inspe o ompression extension, extension, ompression . This size range is constantly range is constantly This size . c Testing P ID Methods: rogram is ASNT rogram is P s Expansion Joint Product Range Range ’s Expansion Joint Product flex flex Expansion Joints are manufactured in accordance Joints are manufactured in accordance Expansion flex flex manufactures expansion joints ranging in size from joints ranging in size expansion manufactures flex Visual Inspection (VT) Liquid Penetrant Inspection (PT) Leak Test Inspection (LT) 800-232-3539 In addition, Penflex has a Program that includes Welding a has Penflex In addition, Procedure Weld EN ISO 15614 PED 287-1, IX, ASME Section Coordination Welding Qualifications with ISO 3834-2 includes fulltime Program Welding The in process. compliance of improvement continuous for staff with in house CWI/CWE Welding of as ongoing development as well processes welding and maintained in an auditable position. formatted Matrixes in exotic Procedures Welding and qualifying Developing be done in house. can now requirements customer’s for alloys of years has 35 II Inspector Level NDE CWE, CWI, Penflex’s Fabrication Structural, Piping, Vessel, in the Pressure experience industries. and Welding Welding Qualification and Program Qualification and Welding The NDT The NDT customer as perform as well customers to these services NDT for requirements house NDT • • and II’s Level the program’s of III oversight Level SNT-TC-1A SNT-TC-1A Two is part program. that techniques of testing of NDT methods are qualified in three II NDE’s Level 9, 7, Articles 6, V ASME Section to as comply as well Inspections Accredited ISO 17025 A2LA with an LTA has a Penflex and 10. those services can provide lab and Metallurgical testing as well. Non-Destructive Non-Destructive • Structural welding is in accordance with ASME Section IX. ASME Structural welding is in accordance with with the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association (EJMA) with the Expansion Joint Manufacturers Standards, 10th Edition, Pen 2-1/2” ID to 120” 120” ID to 2-1/2” our solve are making to we investments with the continual range we size the mentioned In addition to needs. customer’s in a with single and multiple plies, joints expansion produce and with a of alloys, in a number configurations, wide range of end fittings and accessories. of full complement Pen Introduction in temperature, changes to designs are subject Where piping vibration, pressure, or movements required by by required or movements to are needed in tandem or alone, joints, metal expansion the integrity preserve Pen Introduction & Engineering Qualifications Engineering & Introduction Selecting A Bellows

Factors Determining the Selection of a Bellows The selection process for a particular application is influenced Hardware & Accessories by six primary considerations: Hardware is designed to met specific customer, application, or • Temperature code requirements and includes components such as shrouds, • Pressure and tie-rods. • Media Motion or Movements Required • Size An expansion joint is generally used in four types of • End Fittings applications; primarily and contraction, and in addition to the following: • Motion • To correct problems of misalignment. Temperature • To provide flexibility in manual handling operations. The physical properties of any material varies with temperature. • To compensate for regular or constant movement. Limits for operating temperature are affected by the working pressure, the type of media being conveyed and the nature of • To absorb vibration. the application. By careful selection of material, it is possible In all types, careful selection and design of the expansion joint to provide an expansion joint for a wide range of operating and its installation are important for optimal service life. The temperatures. The choice of type, metal alloy, end fitting and flexibility of an expansion joint is determined by its mechanical method of fitting attachment determines the temperature limit. design and the inherent flexibility of its material.

Pressure Flow Rates The nominal pressure ratings of an expansion joint vary Liners are designed normally to EJMA for flow rates specified by according to type, material and size. Specific pressure ratings the customer. for each type of an expansion joint are calculated according to the applicable design specification. Under actual working Temperature Adjustment Factors conditions, pressure is affected by many other factors such In general, the strength and therefore the pressure rating of an as temperature, pulsating conditions, bending stresses, shock, expansion joint decreases as the temperature increases. vibration, and external influences. Thus, as the operating temperature of an expansion joint increases, the maximum allowable working pressure of the Media assembly decreases. Elevated service temperatures will decrease The type of media being conveyed is an important consideration these pressure ratings by the factors shown in the following in the selection process. An expansion joint is subject to chart. What also must be considered is the maximum working corrosion by both the material flowing through it and the temperature of the end fittings, and other components of the outside environment. For almost all applications, an expansion expansion joint. joint can be selected that is resistant to the intended media. For Corrosion Resistance of Materials to different environment, Benefits Offered by a Metal Bellows Expansion Joint refer to a chart posted on our website. • Compensate for movements and vibration • Pressure resistant Size • Leak Proof without mechanical seals The size of an expansion joint is specified by the nominal diameter. The existing piping will normally dictate the size of • Maintenance Free the metal hose for a particular application. However, flow rate, velocity and pressure drop considerations may also influence the selection of the expansion joint.

End Fittings The use of an expansion joint is complimented by the extensive range of end fittings that are available. Such end fittings may be male or female pipe threads, unions, flanges, flared tube fittings or other specially designed connectors. End fittings are attached by welding, silver brazing, soldering depending on the type of the expansion joint and the alloy.

6 DS-EN-2000 (01) 7 [email protected] ws (convolution) in extended position in extended ws (convolution) position in compressed ws (convolution) Bello Bello Bello www.penflex.com • is a the effect are in a sequence, When the convolutions a number for that can compensate piping component movements. of • • inneutralposition ws (convolution) Bellow Flexibility Bellow and each one or more convolutions of consists Bellows A extended position that is neutral, a can have convolution or compressed.

Bellows expanded Fax 877-647-4011 Fax Bellows neutral Bellows compressed Total Movement Total 610-367-2260 800-232-3539 Axial Movement Axial Bellows Movements Bellows Expansion Joint Movements

Angular Rotation

Bellows Bellows neutral rotated

angle

Lateral Movement Lateral Movement using a using a Single Bellows Double or Universal Bellows

Bellows Bellows neutral neutral

Bellows Bellows offset offset

lateral lateral offset movement

8 DS-EN-2000 (01) 9 [email protected] large axial, lateral & lateral large axial, (angular) movements www.penflex.com axial, lateral & angular lateral axial, movements

Single or dual bellows with installation fittings only with installation bellows Single or dual pressure service low used for Commonly expensive Simple design = less angular) lateral, (axial, freedom of All degrees pipe onto Incur pressure thrust force and pressure thrust = higher spring rate bellows by Anchors affected Features: Fax 877-647-4011 Fax

610-367-2260 Most Common Types: Common Most Joints Expansion Axial Joint Double Expansion Guided Expansion Joint Internally Expansion Joints Untied Universal Expansion Joint Balanced Pressure 800-232-3539 Universal (untied) Universal Expansion Joint Single (axial) Expansion Joint Basic Basic Expansion Joint Designs Thrust Untied = Pressure Untied Expansion Joints Untied Untied Expansion Joint Designs Joint Expansion Untied Tied Expansion Joint Designs

Tied Expansion Joints

Most Common Types: Features: Hinged Expansion Joints Single or dual bellows with restraining hardware Typically used for high pressure service In-line pressure Balance Expansion Joint More complex = higher cost for expansion joint* Limited degrees of freedom Gimbaled Expansion Joints Pressure thrust restrained by hardware Tied Single & Universal Anchors only affected by bellows spring rate = low force Expansion Joints

Expansion Joints Made using a Single or Multiple Bellows Tied = NO Pressure Thrust

Single-Hinged Expansion Joint *

angular rotation in one plane

Double-Hinged Expansion Joint *

lateral movement in one plane

* Option for slotted hinged joints.

10 DS-EN-2000 (01) 11 [email protected] er plies welded etted ply can be made of different can be made of ply etted Inner/Out No sudden leak W (higher alloy) material for enhanced for material (higher alloy) reisitance corrosion Multi-Ply (Spiral) Multi-Ply • • • www.penflex.com

Fax 877-647-4011 Fax 610-367-2260 leak proof leak wance for weep holes weep for wance etted ply can be made of different made of can be ply etted orrosion resistance (higher alloy) material for enhanced for material (higher alloy) c Allo Each ply Each ply W 800-232-3539 Multi-Ply • • • • tube fromwelded made Characterisitcs of Bellows Designs Bellows of Characterisitcs Characterisitcs of Bellows Designs

Single Ply

Typical Application Characteristics • Shell and tube heat exchangers • One ply • Relatively cheap • Clamshell bellows • Relatively thick • Good NDE when installed • Penetration seals • Robust • Weld attachment simple • HVAC piping • Higher spring rate • Weld repair (temporarily) possible • High lateral stiffness

Multi-Ply

Typical Application Characteristics • HT & HP steam & process piping • Between 2 and >5 plies • Very short compared to single ply with similar flexibility • Equipment connections • Individual plies relatively thin • Leak monitoring possible • Vibration dampening • Total wall thickness = thick • No sudden leaks • Extremely flexible in all directions • Excellent vibration damper

Pressure Thrust Thrust = Bellows Area x Pressure [Lb.] [sq. in.] [psig]

I.D. O.D. Thrust Thrust

12 DS-EN-2000 (01) 13 [email protected] Refractory Leak Monitoring Nozzle Monitoring Leak www.penflex.com Liners

Insulation Fax 877-647-4011 Fax Braid Shroud Keep annulus clean annulus Keep externally bellows Protect temperature bellows Control leak bellows in case of warning Provide packing from bellows of removal Avoid inside & support bellows refractory Protect insulation against erosion and temp. resistance Provide 610-367-2260 Purpose: Purge Nozzle Purge Attachment: Nozzle Purge Shroud Insulation Monitoring Leak Braid Liners Refractory 800-232-3539 Examples of Expansion Joint Attachments Expansion Joint of Examples Expansion Joint Attachments Joint Expansion Technical Information

Temperature Adjustment Factors In general, the strength and therefore the pressure rating of a bellows decreases as the temperature increases. Thus, as the operating temperature increases, the maximum allowable working pressure decreases. Elevated service temperatures will decrease these pressure ratings by the factors shown in the following chart for the alloy used braid wire. What also must be considered is the maximum working temperature of the end fittings, and their method of attachment.

Temperature Adjustment Factors Temperature 304/304L 316L 321 Inconel 625TM Monel Hastelloy (˚F) Stainless Stainless Stainless C276TM Steel Steel 70 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 150 .95 .93 .97 ---- .93 ---- 200 .91 .89 .94 .96 .90 ---- 250 .88 .86 .92 ---- .87 ---- 300 .85 .83 .88 ---- .83 ---- 350 .81 .81 .86 ---- .82 ---- 400 .78 .78 .83 .93 .79 .87 450 .77 .78 .81 ---- .77 ---- 500 .77 .77 .78 ---- .73 ---- 600 .76 .76 .77 .91 .72 .96 700 .74 .76 .76 ---- .71 ---- 800 .73 .75 .68 .88 .70 .82 900 .68 .74 .62 ------1,000 .60 .73 .60 .85 ------1,100 .58 .67 .58 ------1,200 .53 .61 .53 .84 ------1,300 .44 .55 .46 ------1,400 .35 .48 .42 .63 ------1,500 .26 .39 .37 ------1,600 ------.37 ------1,800 ------.18 ------

Saturated Steam Pressure Saturated Steam Pressure To Temperature (PSIG) To Temperature (Hg) Saturated Temp (˚F) Saturated Temp (˚F) Saturated Temp (˚F) Saturated Steam Temp (˚F) Steam (PSIG) Steam (PSIG) Steam (PSIG) Vacuum (in. of Hg)

0 212 150 366 450 460 ---- 0 10 238 175 377 475 465 29.84 20 20 259 200 388 500 470 29.74 32 30 274 225 397 550 480 29.67 40 40 287 250 406 600 489 29.39 60 50 298 275 414 700 505 28.89 80 60 307 300 422 800 520 27.99 100 75 320 325 429 900 534 26.48 120 80 324 350 436 1000 546 24.04 140 90 331 375 442 1250 574 20.27 160 100 338 400 448 1500 606 15.20 180

125 353 425 454 2500 669 6.46 200

14 DS-EN-2000 (01) 15 [email protected] www.penflex.com The total number of cycles that an expansion joint is joint is an expansion that cycles of number The total Life: Cycle complete. designed to position extreme to from normal The movement Cycle-Motion: and return. in an movement a lateral create to required The force Deflection: joint. expansion joint plus fitting an expansion The length of Length: Developed application. a specific of the conditions meet to required (overall) surface detecting method for A Test: or Inspection Penetrant Dye to The surface etc. porosity, voids, such as cracks, irregularities, existing that will penetrate dye with a red is coated be checked is developer and a white from surface is removed Dye defects. the red being checked, surface in the defect If there is a applied. be stained, to developer in it causes the white remaining dye area. locating the defective thereby an expansion applied to motion The amount of Displacement: for radial offset and degrees for parallel joint defined as inches misalignment. a joints joined by expansion Two Assembly: Dog-Leg elbow. common the area described by The cross-sectional Thrust Area: Effective times less two the convolutions) of (at the tops outside diameter the bellows. the metal thickness of an of the inside convolutions of away The wearing Erosion: such conveyed, of the media the flow joint caused by expansion etc. particles, abrasive steam, as wet in an bellows (exposed) active The amount of Exposed Length: ferrules. fittings and Does not include the length of assembly. or due to, with, the metal structure associated Fatigue: Failure of the bellows. the flexing etc., union, flange, the nipple, applied to loose term A Fitting: joint. an expansion the end of attached to in a being conveyed media of volume a to Pertains Rate: Flow pounds per second, hour, per feet cubic e.g., time period, given etc. gallons per minute, noble of on the less that occurs Corrosion Corrosion: Galvanic with each other in an contact dissimilar metals in direct two sulphuric sodium chloride in solution, water, e.g., electrolyte, etc. acid, in all that supports a pipe radially device Guide (For Piping): A longitudinal movement. free but allows directions, parts supplied describe accessory used to loose term A Hardware: bolts, such as nuts, installation, joint for with an expansion etc. gaskets cross section free the internal to This refers Inside Diameter: the joint and (in most cases) is identical to expansion the of nominal diameter. an of the installed geometry to Installation: Referring joint. expansion the in which the ends or edges of weld of Type (LW): Lap Weld together. each other and are welded metal overlap of an to line the inside used sleeve or fixed Liner: Flexible media is excessive. of velocity joint when the expansion being Medium (Singular)/Media (Plural): The substance(s) a piping system. through conveyed

filler an pplication. f a media o lateral and Fax 877-647-4011 Fax elding. w f an expansion joint that f an expansion o The surrounding conditions, conditions, The surrounding or soldering. brazing, 610-367-2260 The sum of all the axial, Controlled flexing occurs when an expansion expansion when an occurs flexing Controlled elding, ess in which the edges or ends of metal ess in which the edges or ends of w o be joined. t y ess of joining metals using a non-ferrous joining metals using a non-ferrous ess of b proc A proc Refers to the convolutions on an expansion joint that expansion on an the convolutions to Refers A metal tube of one or more thicknesses that has been one or more thicknesses that has been metal tube of A A Weld: t exible axially and laterally. exible 800-232-3539 angular movements that an expansion joint is subject to simultaneously. Flexing: Controlled to moving connections as in regularly, joint is being flexed components. in an member or members The annular flexing Convolution: joint. expansion attack The chemical or electro-chemical Corrosion: metal, which melts above 800°F, yet less than the melting of the melting of less than the yet 800°F, which melts above metal, metals” “parent and joined by together are butted sections joint. upon an expansion accessory or Shroud: An exterior Cover abrasion. external prevents joint from an expansion of single full range movement A Cycle: another and back. position to one extreme The radius of a bend measured to the centerline. a bend measured to Bend Radius: The radius of Brazing: But are a series of complete circles or rings located at right angle to at right angle to circles or rings located complete are a series of the bellows. the longitudinal axis of how that determine conditions Application: The service expansion joint will be used. expansion expansion to an fixing end fittings The method of Attachment: joint typically the ends over ring made from tube or metal strip placed A Collar: joint. an expansion of Combined Movements: The magnitude, and direction of the forces and movements that movements and the forces of and direction The magnitude, to identified be imposed on an anchor must be are going to a a specific joint is designed for ensure an expansion formed with one or more convolutions allowing it to become become it to allowing convolutions with one or more formed fl The displacement of the longitudinal axis of an the longitudinal axis of of Angular: The displacement a circular arc. line position into joint from its straight expansion Annular: an expansion or elongation of Compression Movement: Axial joint along its longitudinal axis. Bellows: External damage to an expansion joint caused by its by joint caused an expansion to damage External Abrasion: object. or against a foreign by on, being rubbed Ambient Conditions: or Atmospheric such as temperature, pressure and corrosion, to which an which to pressure and corrosion, such as temperature, joint is exposed. expansion The distance Movement: Vibration and/or Lateral of Amplitude to one side from its laterally joint deflects an expansion of on both sides occurs this deflection when normal position, the centerline. its motion control a pipeline to restraint applied to Anchor: A thermal growth. caused by a. withstand the full bellows main anchor is designed to A – Main and other loads. flow pressure, spring forces, by thrust produced b.withstand to designed is anchor intermediate An Intermediate – the of main anchor with the exception the same thrust as the pressure. thrust due to Glossary Glossary (continued)

Misalignment: A condition in which two points, intended to be f. Test Pressure – The maximum internal pressure which connected, will not mate due to their being laterally out of line expansion joint can be subjected to without either deforming with each other. the corrugations, or exceeding 50 percent of the burst pressure. Natural Frequency: The rate of vibration or flexure of an When expansion joint is tested above 50 percent of its burst expansion joint in a given time period, e.g., cycles per second pressure, there often is a permanent change in the overall (CPS), cycles per minute (CPM), cycles per day (CPD), etc. length of the assembly, which may be undesirable for certain applications. Nominal Diameter: A term used to define the dimensions of a component. It indicates the approximate inside diameter. g. PSIA – Pounds per square inch absolute. Offset – Lateral, Parallel, & Shear: The amount that the ends h. PSIG – Pounds per square inch gauge. of an expansion joint are displaced laterally in relation to each i. Pulsating Pressure – A rapid change in pressure above and other as the result of connecting two misaligned terminations below the normal base pressure, usually associated with in a piping system, or intermittent flexure required in an reciprocating type pumps. application. j. Shock Pressure – A sudden increase of pressure in hydraulic or Operating Conditions: The pressure, temperature, motion, media, pneumatic system, which produces a shock wave. This shock and environment that an expansion joint is subjected to. can cause severe permanent deformation of the corrugations in Outside Diameter: This refers to the external diameter of an expansion joint as well as rapid failure of the assembly due to expansion joint, measured from the top of the corrugation. metal fatigue. Penetration (Weld): The percentage of wall thickness of the two k. Static Pressure – A non-changing constant pressure. parts to be joined that is fused into the weld pool in making a l. Working Pressure - The pressure, usually internal, but sometimes joint. Our standard for penetration of the weld is 100 percent, in external, imposed on expansion joint during operating which the weld goes completely through the parent metal of the conditions. parts to be joined and is visible on the opposite side from which Profile: Used in reference to the contour rolled into strip the weld was made. during the process of manufacturing expansion joint, or the Pipe Gap: The open space between adjacent ends of two pipes in finished shape of a corrugation; formed from a tube by either which an assembly may be installed. the “bumpout,” “sink” or roll forming processes, used in Pitch: The distance between the two peaks of adjacent making expansion joint. corrugation. Random Motion: The non-cyclic uncontrolled motion of Ply, Plies: The number of individual thicknesses of metal used in expansion joint, such as occurs in manual handling. the construction of the wall of an expansion joint. Rods: Pressure: Usually expressed in pounds per square inch (PSI) and, a. Limit Rods – These are rods or bars that are attached to the depending on service conditions, may be applied internally or expansion joint that restrict the movement range of the bellows. externally to an expansion joint. The range includes axial, angular and lateral movement during operation. They are also used to prevent axial compression or a. Absolute Pressure – A total pressure measurement system in extension beyond the designed range of movement, as well as which atmospheric pressure (at sea level) is added to the gauge retraining the full pressure load and dynamic forces generated if pressure, and is expressed as PSIA. there is an anchor failure. b. Atmospheric Pressure – The pressure of the atmosphere at sea b. Tie Rods – These are rods or bars that are attached to the level which is 14.7 PSI, or 29.92 inches of mercury. expansion joint that restrict the movement range of the bellows. c. Burst Pressure (Actual And Rated) During normal operation tie rods retrain the full bellows 1. Actual – Failure of the expansion joint determined by pressure thrust while permitting only lateral deflection. the laboratory test in which expansion joint ruptures c. Control Rods – These are rods or bars that are attached to due to the internal pressure applied. This test is the expansion joint that distribute the movement between two usually conducted at room temperature bellows of a universal expansion joint. They are not designed to with the expansion joint in a straight line, but for restrain bellows thrust pressure. special applications, can be conducted at elevated Safety Factor: The relationship of working pressure to temperatures and various configurations. burst pressure. 2. Rated – A burst value which may be theoretical, or a Scale: Generally refers to the oxide in expansion joint brought percentage of the actual burst pressure developed by about by surface conditions or welding. laboratory test. It is expected that, infrequently, due to manufacturing limitations, an assembly may burst at Squirm: A form of failure in which the expansion joint is this pressure, but would most often burst at a deformed into an “S” or “U” bend as the result of excessive pressure greater than this. internal pressure being applied. d. Deformation Pressure (Collapse) – The pressure at which the Stress Corrosion: A form of corrosion in normally corrugations of expansion joint are permanently deformed due associated with chlorides. to fluid pressure applied internally, or, in special applications, Tangents: The tube ends on either side of a bellows used to weld externally. into piping system or end fittings. e. Feet of Water or Head Pressure – Often used to express system Thrust Area: See Effective Thrust Area Definition. pressure in terms of water column height. A column of water 1 Tig Weld: The tungsten inert gas welding process sometimes ft. high exerts a .434 PSI pressure at its base. referred to as shielded arc. The common trade name is heliarc.

16 DS-EN-2000 (01) 17 [email protected] www.penflex.com Low amplitude motion occurring at high frequency. at occurring motion amplitude Low Vibration: or more metallic two join of localized of The process Welding: of a state to their surfaces heating means of by components filler materials. additional fusion with the use of by or fusion,

WWW.PENFLEX.COM Fax 877-647-4011 Fax FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT FOR MORE INFORMATION, 610-367-2260 800-232-3539 Notes: A force that produces, or tends to produce, rotation of or or of rotation produce, to or tends produces, that force A Torsion: other joint while the an expansion one end of through torsion end is fixed. the through the medium flows at which The speed Velocity: per second. feet in specified usually joint, expansion convolutions of vibration sympathetic The Resonance: Velocity gas or air flow. velocity high of buffeting due to Glossary (continued) Glossary Since 1902, Penflex has been a leader in the design, manufacture and application of flexible metal hose and braid products.