Units of Weight and Measure
(United States Customary and Metric)
Definitions and Tables
of Equivalents
United States Department of Commerce
National Bureau of Standards
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Units of Weight and Measure
(United States Customary and Metric)
Definitions and Tables
of Equivalents
National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publication 214
Issued July 1, 1955
(Supersedes Miscellaneous Publication 121)
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
Price 40 cents
CONTENTS Page
1. Introduction 1 2. Fundamental equivalents 2 3. Definitions of units 3 3.1. Length 3 3.2. Area 4 3.3. Volume 4 3.4. Capacity 5 3.5. Mass 5 4. Standards of measurement 6 5. Spelling and abbreviation of units 7
5.1. List of the most common units of weight and measure and their abbreviations. . 7 6. Tables of interrelation of units of measurement 8 6.1. Length 8 6.2. Area : 8 6.3. Volume 8 6.4. Capacity—Liquid measure 8 6.5. Capacity—Dry measure 10 6.6. Mass—Not greater than pounds and kilograms 10 6.7. Mass—Not less than avoirdupois ounces 10 7. Comparison of metric and customary units from 1 to 9 12 7.1. Length 12
7.2. Area . 12 7.3. Volume 12 7.4. Capacity—Liquid measure 13 7.5. Capacity—Dry measure 13 7.6. Mass 13 7.7. Comparison of the various tons and pounds in use in the United States (from 1 to 9 units) 14 8. Special tables 15 Length: Inches and millimeters—equivalents of decimal and binary fractions of an inch, in millimeters, from ^4 to 1 inch 15 Hundredths of an inch to millimeters, from 1 to 99 hundredths 15
Millimeters to decimals of an inch, from 1 to 99 units 15 United States nautical miles, international nautical miles, and kilometers 16 Millimeters to inches 18 9. Tables of equivalents from 1 to 999 units 27 Length: Feet to meters 28 Meters to feet 30 Miles to kilometers 32 Kilometers to miles 34 Area: Acres to hectares 36 Hectares to acres 38 Volume: Cubic yards to cubic meters 40 Cubic meters to cubic yards 42 in 9. Tables of equivalents from 1 to 999 units—Continued Capacity: v Page Liquid quarts to liters 44 Liters to liquid quarts 46 Gallons to liters 48 Liters to gallons SO Bushels to hectoliters 52 Hectoliters to bushels 54 Mass: Avoirdupois pounds to kilograms 56 Kilograms to avoirdupois pounds 58 10. Status of international metric system in the United States 60 10.1. Constitutional authority to fix standards 60 10.2. Metric system legalized 60 10.3. Metric standards adopted as fundamental 60 10.4. Metric balances furnished certain post offices 60 10.5. Metric weights used for certain coins 60 10.6. Congress provides metric standards for the States of the Union, land-grant agricultural colleges, and the Smithsonian Institution 60 10.7. United States joins in establishing International Bureau of Weights and Measures 60 10.8. Congress adopts the metric units for electrical measures 61 10.9. Metric carat adopted as unit of weight for diamonds and other precious stones. 61 10.10. Metric system optional in Puerto Rico 61 10.11. Relation between inches and millimeters adopted by American Standards Association 61 11. Index 62
IV Units of Weight and Measure
(United States Customary and Metric)
Definitions and Tables of Equivalents
L. V. Judson
The units of length, area, volume, capacity, and mass in use in the United States are defined. Tables of interrelation and tables of equivalents for these units in the metric system and in the U. S. customary system are given. Such tables are needed in scientific, industrial, commercial, and other fields, and have been published by the United States Government for many years. There is a section in which the fundamental equivalents are stated, one containing the approved spelling and abbreviation of each of the most com- mon units of weight and measure, and one showing the status of the metric system in the United States. All of the tables and other material have been revised to conform to the definitions, equivalents, and usages current at the date of issue. The conversion tables are confined to simple units, excluding all compound units such as foot-pounds, pounds per cubic foot, and feet per second.
1. INTRODUCTION
This publication supersedes National Bureau of Standards Miscellaneous Publica- tion 121, issued in January 1936. Necessary corrections have been made, and the text has been revised and rearranged. Tabular values involving the liter have been changed to the basis 1 liter =1.000 028 cubic decimeters; the international nautical mile of 1,852 meters, as adopted by the Departments of Defense and Commerce on July 1, 1954, has been substituted for the older U. S. nautical mile ; and the information on the status of the metric system in the United States has been brought up to date. In the construction of the tables in this publication, when the fundamental relation of the units furnished directly a reduction factor for use in determining the multiples of the units, this factor was used in its fundamental form, as, for example, that 1 meter= 39.37 inches. Reduction factors which it was necessary to obtain, however, by multi- plication, division, powers, or roots, etc., of the fundamental relations were usually car- ried out to a greater degree of accuracy than that to which it is usually possible to make measurements, for convenience in computing the multiples to the accuracy desired. When the tables do not give the equivalent of any desired quantity directly and completely, the equivalent can usually be obtained, without the necessity of making a multiplication of these reduction factors, by using quantities from several tables, making a shift of decimal points, if necessary, and merely adding the results.
(l) The supplementary metric units are formed by combining the words "meter", "gram", and "liter" with the six numerical prefixes, as in the following table:
Prefixes 1 Meaning Units 1
1 milli- one- thousandth 001 1000 "meter " for length. 1 1 deci- one-tenth . 1 10 "gram' ' for weight or mass. Unit = one 1 10 deka- = ten 10 1 "liter" for capacity. 100 hecto- = one hundred 100 1 kilo- = one thousand 1000 1000 1 Not all of the 18 possible combinations of the above prefixes and units are in common use; for example the dekameter and the hectometer are seldom found except in text books. All lengths, areas, and cubic measures in the following tables are derived from the international meter, the basic relation between units of the United States customary and the metric systems being: 1 meter=39.37 inches, 2 contained in the law of July 28, 1866, 1 and set forth in the Mendenhall Order of April 5, 1893, namely: 1 yard _ 3600 ~~ 1 meter 3937* All capacities are based on the equivalent 1 liter equals 1.000 028 cubic deci- 3 meters. The decimeter is equal to 3.937 inches in accordance with the legal equiva- lent of the meter given above. The gallon referred to in the tables is the United States gallon of 231 cubic inches. The bushel is the United States bushel of 2 150.42 cubic inches. These units must not be confused with the British units of the same name which differ from those used in the United States. The British gallon (277.42 cubic inches) is approximately 20 percent larger, and the British bushel (2 219.36 cubic inches) is 3 percent larger than the corresponding units used in this country. All weights are derived from the International Kilogram, as authorized in the Mendenhall Order of April 5, 1893. The relation used is 1 avoirdupois pound = 453.592 427 7 grams. 2. FUNDAMENTAL EQUIVALENTS In its original conception the meter was the fundamental unit of the metric system, and all units of length and capacity were to be derived directly from the meter which was intended to be equal to one ten-millionth of the earth's quadrant. Furthermore, it was originally planned that the unit of mass, the kilogram, should be identical with the mass of a cubic decimeter of water at its maximum density. At present, however, the units of length and mass are defined independently of these conceptions. 1 United States Code, title 15, ch. 6, sec. 205 (Revised Statutes, sec. 3570). 2 U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Bulletin 26, Apr. 5, 1893. 3 Formerly this relation was given as 1 liter=1.000 027 cubic decimeters. See Guillaume, La Creation du Bureau International des Poids et Measures et son Oeuvre, Paris, 1927, pages 256 to 258, for reasons for the change. 3 The International Prototype Meter is kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. By definition the meter now bears no definite relation to the earth's quadrant, but is the length of a certain platinum-iridium bar when sup- ported in a definitely specified manner, at the temperature of melting ice, and at standard atmospheric pressure (760 millimeters of mercury). The kilogram is independently defined as the mass of a definite platinum-iridium standard, the International Prototype Kilogram, which is also kept at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures. The liter is defined as the volume of a kilogram of water, at standard atmospheric pressure, and at the temperature of its maximum density, approximately 4° C. The meter is thus the fundamental unit on which are based all metric standards and measurements of length and area, and of volumes derived from linear measurements. A supplementary definition of the meter in terms of the wavelength of light was adopted provisionally by the Seventh General (International) Conference on Weights and Measures, in 1927. According to this definition, the relation 4 for red cadmium light waves under specified conditions of temperature, pressure, and humidity is 1 meter=l 553 164.13 wavelengths. This corresponds to a wavelength (cadmium red) of -7 6 438.469 6X10 millimeter The kilogram is the fundamental unit on which are based all metric standards of mass. The liter is a secondary or derived unit of capacity or volume. The liter is larger by about 28 parts per million than the cube of the tenth of the meter, i. e., the cubic decimeter—that is, 1 liter= 1.000 028 cubic decimeters. The conversion tables in this publication which involve the relative length of the yard and meter are based upon the relation: 1 meter=39.37 inches, 5 contained in the act of Congress of 1866. From this relation it follows that 1 inch= 25.400 05 millimeters (approximately). For many years the simpler relation, 1 inch=25.4 millimeters has been used in engineering and industry throughout the civilized world. 6 This relation has never been made official in the United States by the Congress or in Great Britain by Parliament. 3. DEFINITIONS OF UNITS 3.1. LENGTH Fundamental Units A meter (m) is a unit of length equal to the distance between the defining lines on the International Prototype Meter when this standard is at the temperature of melting ice (0° C). A yard (yd) is a unit of length equal to ff-^ of a meter. Multiples and Submultiples 1 kilometer (km) = 1 000 meters. 1 hectometer (hm) = 100 meters. 1 dekameter (dkm) = 10 meters. 1 decimeter (dm) = 0.1 meter. 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meter. * J. R. Benoit, C. Fabry, and A. Perot, Nouvelle determination du rapport des longueurs d'onde fondamentales avec l'unite metrique. Trav. et Mem. Bur. Int. Poids et Mesures 15, 131 (1913). 5 United States Code, title 15, sec. 205. 9 Conversion tables (ASA B48.1-1933), computed on the basis of 1 inch=25.4 mm exactly, may be obtained from the American Standards Association, New York, N. Y. 4 1 millimeter (mm) = 0.001 meter. 1 micron ( M ) = 0.000 001 meter=0.001 millimeter. 1 millimicron (mju) = 0.000 000 001 meter=0.001 micron. 7 r = 0.000 000 1 millimeter. 1 angstrom (A)j = .000 1 micron. [= .1 = millimicron. i 8 furlongs=320 rods. 1 statute^t„^ mile|™u,J = 1 7QQ y|rds=5 280 feet 1 furlong=% mile=40 rods=220 yards=660 feet. 1 rod=5K yards=16K feet=25 links. 1 foot=% yard = 12 inches. 1 hand=4 inches. 1 inch=K 6 yard = }{ 2 foot. 1 line (button) = ^ inch. 1 point (printers) = 0.01 383 7 inch=% 2 inch (nearly). 1 mil = Kooo inch. 1 chain (Gunter's)=4 rods = 22 yards = 66 feet=100 links. 1 link (Gunter's) = Koo chain=7.92 inches. 1 U. S. nautical mile] 8 1 sea mile =1 853.248 meters=6 080.20 feet. 1 geographical mile J 8 1 international nautical mile =1 852 meters =6 076.103 33 . . . feet. 1 fa thorn =6 feet=8 spans. 1 span=% fathom =9 inches. 3.2. AREA Fundamental Units 2 A square meter (m ) is a unit of area equal to the area of a square the sides of which are 1 meter. 2 A square yard (yd ) is a unit of area equal to the area of a square the sides of which are 1 yard. Multiples and Submultiples 2 1 square kilometer (km ) = l 000 000 square meters. 2 1 hectare (ha), or square hectometer (hm ) = 10 000 square meters 2 1 are (a), or square dekameter (dkm ) = 100 square meters. 1 centare (ca) = l square meter. 2 1 square decimeter (dm ) = 0.01 square meter. 2 1 square centimeter (cm ) = 0.000 1 square meter. 2 1 square millimeter (mm ) = 0.000 001 square meter, -2\f = 640 acres=102 400 square rods, i square mile'l (mit j| = 3 m 60Q square yards=27 878 400 square feet. f square yards. ., / \ u = 160 square rods=4 840 1 acre (acre) = 10m square chams| =43 ^ gquare fget square feet, / i, 2 J = 16 square rods =484 square yards= 4 356 i1 squaresrmnrp cnain^nir. (cnP )| = 1Q 000 gquare linkg - 000 1 s quare chain = 0.048 4 square yard, i1 square«n,nrP imi?lint (iifii*^ ;| = 435 6 square f00t=62.726 4 square inches. 2 1 square rod (rd ) = 30.25 square yards = 272.25 square feet = 625 square links. 2 1 square foot (ft ) = ^ square yard = 144 square inches. 2 1 square inch (in. ) = %296 square yard = %44 square foot 3.3. VOLUME Fundamental Units 3 A cubic meter (m ) is a unit of volume equal to a cube the edges of which are 1 meter. 3 A cubic yard (yd ) is a unit of volume equal to a cube the edges of which are 1 yard. 7 The angstrom is defined basically as the unit such that 6 438.469 6 of these units equal the wavelength of the red radiation of cadmium under specified conditions. 8 Effective July 1, 1954, the International nautical mile as defined above was adopted, in lieu of the U. S. nautical mile, for use in the Departments of Defense and Commerce. 5 Multiples and Submultiples 3 1 cubic kilometer (km ) = l 000 000 000 cubic meters. 3 1 cubic hectometer (hm ) = 1 000 000 cubic meters. 3 1 cubic dekameter (dkm ) = 1 000 cubic meters. 1 stere (s) = l cubic meter. 3 1 cubic decimeter (dm ) = 0.001 cubic meter. 3 1 cubic centimeter (cm ) = 0.000 001 cubic meter=0.001 cubic decimeter. 3 1 cubic millimeter (mm ) = 0.000 000 001 cubic meter=0.001 cubic centimeter. 3 1 cubic foot (ft ) = ^7 cubic yard. 3 1 cubic inch (in. ) = % 66 66 cubic yard=}(728 cubic foot. 1 board foot (fbm) = 144 cubic inches = %2 cubic foot. 1 cord (cd) = 128 cubic feet. 3.4. CAPACITY Fundamental Units A liter (liter) is a unit of capacity equal to the volume occupied by 1 kilogram of pure water at its maximum density (at a temperature of 4° C, practically) and under the standard atmospheric pressure (of 760 mm). It is equivalent in volume to 1.000 028 cubic decimeters. A gallon (gal) is a unit of capacity equal to the volume of 231 cubic inches. It is used for the measurement of liquid commodities only. A bushel (bu) is a unit of capacity equal to the volume of 2 150.42 cubic inches. 9 It is used in the measurement of dry commodities only. Multiples and Submultiples 1 hectoliter (hi) = 100 liters. 1 dekaliter (dkl) = 10 liters. 1 deciliter (dl) = 0.1 liter. 1 centiliter (cl) = 0.01 liter. 1 milliliter (ml) = 0.001 liter = 1.000 028 cubic centimeters. 1 liquid quart (liq qt) = % gallon=57.75 cubic inches. 1 liquid pint (liq pt) = }£ gallon = % liquid quart = 28.875 cubic inches. 1 gill (gi) = y32 gallon=% liquid pint = 7.218 75 cubic inches. 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) = % 2 s gallon = K6 liquid pint. 1 fluid dram (fl dr) = % fluid ounce =Y\i% liquid pint. 1 minim (min or TTl) = Ko fluid dram=%go fluid ounce. 1 peck (pk) = % bushel = 537.605 cubic inches. 1 dry quart (dry qt)= % 2 bushel=% peck= 67.200 625 cubic inches. 1 dry pint (dry pt) = % 4 bushel=K dry quart=33.600 312 5 cubic inches. 1 barrel, for fruits, vegetables, and other dry commodities, other than cran- berries, 10 =7 056 cubic inches=105 dry quarts. 11 1 barrel for cranberries =5 826 cubic inches. 3.5. MASS Fundamental Units A kilogram (kg) is a unit of mass equal to the mass of the International Prototype Kilogram. A gram (g) is a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of the mass of the Inter- national Prototype Kilogram. An avoirdupois pound (lb avdp) is a unit of mass equal to 0.453 592 427 7 kilo- gram. A troy pound (lb t) is a unit of mass equal to f£§£ of that of the avoirdupois pound. e This is the so-called stricken or struck bushel. A heaped bushel for apples of 2 747.715 cubic inches was established by the U.S. Court of Customs Appeals on Feb. 15, 1912, in United States v. Weber (no. 757). A heaped bushel, equivalent to 1}4 stricken bushels, is also recognized. i° As fixed by United States standard barrel act (United States Code, title 15, ch. 6, sec. 234). ll As computed from dimensions fixed by United States standard barrel act, see above. 408776°—56 2 6 Multiples and Submultiples 1 metric ton (t) = 1 000 kilograms. 1 hectogram (hg) = 100 grams. 1 dekagram (dkg) = 10 grams. 1 decigram (dg)=0.1 gram. 1 centigram (eg) =0.01 gram. 1 milligram (mg) =0.001 gram. 12 1 metric carat (c)=200 milligrams =0.2 gram. 1 avoirdupois ounce (oz avdp) = }{ 6 avoirdupois pound=437.5 grains. 1 avoirdupois dram (dr avdp) = % 5e avoirdupois pound = Ke avoirdupois ounce. 1 grain (grain) = Kooo avoirdupois pound=% 7 60 troy pound. 1 apothecaries pound (lb ap) = l troy pound=f£££ avoirdupois pound. 1 apothecaries or troy ounce (oz ap or g, oz t) = }{ 2 troy pound=^^^ avoirdu- pois pound=480 grains. 1 apothecaries dram (dr ap or 5) = % 6 apothecaries pound=% apothecaries ounce = 60 grains. 1 pennyweight (dwt) = }io troy ounce = 24 grains. 1 apothecaries scruple (s ap or = % apothecaries dram = 20 grains. 1 short hundredweight (sh cwt) = 100 avoirdupois pounds. 1 long hundredweight=112 avoirdupois pounds. 1 short ton =2 000 avoirdupois pounds. 1 long ton=2 240 avoirdupois pounds. 4. STANDARDS OF MEASUREMENT Units of measurement should be distinguished from standards of measurement. Units of length are fixed distances, independent of any other consideration, while length standards are affected by the expansion and contraction resulting from changes of temperature of the material of which the standard is composed. It is therefore necessary to fix upon some temperature at which the distance between the defining lines or end surfaces of the standards shall be equal to the unit. The same is true of standards of capacity, which at some definite temperature contain a given number of units of volume. The recommended standard temperature for commercial and industrial length standards is 20° C (68° F). Some metric standards, especially those made in Europe until recently, are intended to be correct at 0° C. In the past some length standards graduated in the customary units have been made to be correct at 62° F (16.67° C). For measurements of high precision it is also necessary to specify the manner of support of the standards, whether at certain points only or throughout their entire length, and in the case of tapes it is also necessary to give the tension applied to the tape when in use. In the United States the capacity standards, both metric and customary, are made to hold the specified volumes at 4° C. Standards of capacity are usually made of brass and the capacity at any other temperature may be computed by the use of the coefficient of cubical expansion of that material usually assumed to be 0.000 054 per degree centigrade. In the purchase and sale of liquids a more important consideration than the temperature of the measures is the temperature of the liquid when measured, for the reason that the large coefficient of expansion of many liquids makes the actual mass of a given volume delivered vary considerably with tem- perature. While the temperature of a weight does not affect its mass, it is nevertheless important that when two weights are compared in air they both be at the same temperature as the air. If there is a difference between the temperature of the air and the weights, convection currents will be set up and the readings of the balance will be thereby affected. Also, since weights are bouyed up by the surrounding air by amounts dependent upon their volumes, it is desirable that the weights of any 12 See Bureau of Standards Circular C43, The Metric Carat, for a discussion of the metric carat and tables of the relations of the metric carat to the old carat of 205.3 milligrams in use in this country previous to July 1, 1913. set be of the same material. If two weights of the same density balance in air of a certain density they will balance in vacuo or in air of a different density. Brass is the material most widely used for standard weights, although platinum and aluminum are quite commonly used for weights of 1 gram or less. In the absence of any knowledge as to the actual density of weights, those made of brass are assumed to have a density of 8.4 g/cm 3 at 0° C, while those of platinum and of aluminum assumed to have densities of 21.5 and 2.7 g/cm 3 respectively. are , 5. SPELLING AND ABBREVIATION OF UNITS The spelling of the names of units as adopted by the National Bureau of Standards is that given in the list below. The spelling of the metric units is in accordance with that given in the law of July 28, 1866, legalizing the metric system in the United States. Following the name of each unit in the list below is given the abbreviation which the Bureau has adopted. Attention is particularly called to the following principles: 1. The period is omitted after all abbreviations of units, except where the abbreviation forms an English word. " 2 " 2. The exponents " and 3 " are used to signify "square" and "cubic", respec- tively, instead of the abbreviations "sq" or "cu", which are, however, frequently used in technical literature for the United States customary units. In conformity with this principle the abbreviation for cubic centimeter is "cm3 " (instead of "cc" or "c cm"). The term "cubic centimeter", as used in chemical work, is, in fact, a misnomer, since the unit actually used is the "milliliter", of which the correct abbre- viation is "ml" (see p. 1). 3. The use of the same abbreviation for both singular and plural is recommended. This practice is already established in expressing metric units and is in accordance with the spirit and chief purpose of abbreviations. 4. It is also suggested that, unless all the text is printed in capital letters, only small letters be used for abbreviations, except in such case as, A for angstrom, etc., where the use of capital letters is general. 5.1. LIST OF THE MOST COMMON UNITS OF WEIGHT AND MEASURE AND THEIR ABBREVIATIONS Unit Abbreviation Unit Abbreviation Unit Abbreviation acre acre dram, avoirdupois dr avdp ounce, apothecaries oz ap or g angstrom A dram, fluid fl dr ounce, avoirdupois oz avdp are a fathom fath ounce, fluid fl oz avoirdupois avdp foot ft ounce, troy oz t barrel bbl furlong fur. peck Pk board foot fbm gallon gal pennyweight dwt bushel bu grain grain pint Pt carat c gram g pound lb centare ca hectare ha pound, apothecaries lb ap centigram eg hectogram hg pound, avoirdupois lb avdp centiliter cl hectoliter hi pound, troy lb t centimeter cm hectometer hm quart qt chain ch hogshead hhd rod rd cubic centimeter cm 3 hundredweight cwt scruple, apothecaries s ap or © cubic decimeter dm 3 inch in. square centimeter cm 2 cubic dekameter dkm3 kilogram kg square chain ch2 cubic foot ft3 kiloliter kl square decimeter dm 2 cubic hectometer hm 3 kilometer km square dekameter dkm 2 cubic inch in. 3 link li square foot ft2 cubic kilometer km 3 liquid liq square hectometer hm2 cubic meter m3 liter liter square inch in. 2 cubic mile mi 3 meter m square kilometer km 2 cubic millimeter mm 3 metric ton t square link li 2 cubic yard yd3 microgram* Mg square meter m2 decigram dg microinch fiin. square mile mi 2 deciliter dl microliter* Ml square millimeter mm 2 decimeter dm micron M square rod rd2 decistere ds mile mi square yard yd2 dekagram dkg milligram mg stere s dekaliter dkl milliliter ml ton ton dekameter dkm millimeter mm ton, metric t dekastere dks millimicron rmt troy t dram dr minim min or HI yard yd dram, apothacaries dr ap or 3 ounce oz The abbreviations y and X for microgram and microliter, respectively, are advocated by some authorities. = 8 6. TABLES OF INTERRELATION 6.1. UNITS OF Units Inches Links Feet Yards Rods 1 inch == 1 126 263 U. Wo ooo 027 777 8 0. 005 050 51 1 link = 7.92 1 0.66 22 04 1 foot = 12 1 515 152 1 333 333 0. 060 606 1 1 yard = 36 4 545 45 3 1 181 818 1 rod = 198 25 16.5 5 5 1 1 chain = 792 100 66 22 4 1 mile = 63 360 8000 5280 1760 320 1 centimeter = 0.3937 049 709 60 0. 032 808 33 010 936 111 001 988 384 1 meter = 39.37 4 970 960 3. 280 833 1 093 611 1 198 838 4 6.2. UNITS OF Units Square inches Square links Square feet Square yards Square rods Square chains 1 square inch = 1 0. 015 942 3 0. 006 944 44 0.000 771 605 0. 000 025 507 6 0. 000 001 594 23 1 square link = 62.7264 1 0.4356 0.0484 0.0016 0.0001 1 square foot = 144 2.29S 684 1 0.111 111 1 0. 003 673 09 0. 000 229 568 1 square yard = 1296 20. 6612 9 1 0. 033 057 85 0. 002 066 12 1 square rod = 39 204 625 272.25 30.25 1 0.0625 1 square chain = 627 264 10 000 4356 484 16 1 1 acre = 6 272 640 100 000 43 560 4840 160 10 1 square mile 4 014 489 600 64 000 000 27 878 400 3 097 600 102 400 6400 1 square centimeter= 0.154 999 69 0. 002 471 04 0. 001 076 387 0.000119 598 5 0. 000 003 953 67 0. 000 000 247 104 1 square meter = 1549.9969 24. 7104 10. 763 87 1. 195 985 0.039 536 7 0. 002 471 04 1 hectare = 15 499 969 247 104 107 638. 7 11 959.85 395. 367 24. 7104 6.3. UNITS OF Units Cubic inches Cubic feet Cubic yards 1 cubic inch = 1 0.000 578 704 0. 000 021 433 47 1 cubic foot = 1728 1 0. 037 037 1 cubic yard = 46 656 27 1 1 cubic centimeter= 0. 061 023 38 0. 000 035 314 45 0. 000 001 307 94 1 cubic decimeter = 61.023 38 0. 035 314 45 0. 001 307 943 1 cubic meter = 61 023.38 35.314 45 1.307 942 8 6.4. UNITS OF CAPACITY Units Minims Fluid drams Fluid ounces Gills Liquid pints 1 minim = 1 0. 016 666 7 0. 002 083 33 0. 000 520 833 0. 000 130 208 1 fluid dram 60 1 0.125 0.031 25 0.007 812 5 1 fluid ounce 480 8 1 0.25 0.0625 1 gill 1920 32 4 1 0.25 1 liquid pint = 7680 128 16 4 1 1 liquid quart= 15 360 256 32 8 2 1 gallon = 61 440 1024 128 32 8 1 milliliter = 16.2311 0.270 518 0.033 814 8 0.008 453 69 0.002 113 42 1 liter 16 231.1 270.518 33.8148 8.453 69 2.113 42 1 cubic inch = 265.974 4.432 90 0.554 113 0.138 528 0.034 632 1 cubic = foot 459 603.1 7660.052 957.506 5 239.376 6 59.844 16 5 9 OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT LENGTH Chains Miles Centimeters Meters Units 0. 001 262 63 0. 000 015 782 8 2. 540 005 0. 025 400 05 = 1 inch 0.01 0.000 125 20. 116 84 0. 201 168 4 = 1 link 0.015 151 5 0. 000 189 393 9 30. 480 06 0. 304 800 6 = 1 foot 0. 045 454 5 0. 000 568 182 91.440 18 0.914 401 8 = 1 yard 0.25 0.003 125 502.9210 5.029 210 = 1 rod 1 0.0125 2011.684 20. 116 84 = 1 chain 80 1 160 934. 72 1609. 3472 = 1 mile 0. 000 497 096 0. 000 006 213 699 1 0.01 = 1 centimeter 0. 049 709 60 0.000 621 369 9 100 1 = 1 meter AREA Acres Square miles Square centimeters Square meters Hectares Units 0. 000 000 159 423 0. 000 000 000 249 1 6. 451 626 0. 000 645 162 6 0.000 000 064 516 = 1 square inch 0.000 01 0.000 000 015 625 404. 6873 0. 040 468 73 0. 000 004 046 87 = 1 square link 0. 000 022 956 8 0. 000 000 035 870 1 929. 0341 0. 092 903 41 0. 000 009 290 34 = 1 square foot 0.000 206 612 0. 000 000 322 831 8361.307 0. 836 130 7 0.000 083 613 1 = 1 square yard 0.006 25 0.000 009 765 625 252 929. 25. 292 95 0. 002 529 295 = 1 square rod 0.1 0.000 156 25 4 046 873 404. 6873 0. 040 468 7 = 1 square chain 1 0.001 562 5 40 468 726 4046. 873 0. 404 687 = 1 acre 640 1 25 899 984 703 2 589 998 258. 9998 = 1 square mile 0.000 000 024 710 4 0. 000 000 000 038 610 06 1 0.0001 0.000 000 01 = 1 square centimeter 0. 000 247 104 0. 000 000 386 100 6 10 000 1 0.0001 - 1 square meter 2.471 04 0. 003 861 006 100 000 000 10 000 1 = 1 hectare VOLUME Cubic centimeters Cubic decimeters Cubic meters Units 16.387 162 0. 016 387 16 0. 000 016 387 16 = 1 cubic inch 28 317.016 28.317 016 0. 028 317 016 = 1 cubic foot 764 559. 4 764. 5594 0. 764 559 4 = 1 cubic yard 1 0.001 0.000 001 = 1 cubic centimeter 1 000 1 0.001 = 1 cubic decimeter 1 000 000 1000 1 = 1 cubic meter LIQUID MEASURE Liquid quarts Gallons Milliliters Liters Cubic inches Cubic feet Units 0.000 065 104 0. 000 016 276 0.061 610 2 0.000 061 610 2 0. 003 759 77 0. 000 002 175 79 = 1 minimum 0.003 906 25 0. 000 976 562 3.696 61 0. 003 696 61 0.225 586 0. 000 130 547 = 1 fluid dram 0.031 35 0.007 812 5 29. 5729 0. 029 572 9 1. 804 69 0.001 044 38 = 1 fluid ounce 0.125 0.031 25 118.292 0. 118 292 7.218 75 0.004 177 52 = 1 gill 0.5 0.125 473. 166 0.473 166 28.875 0. 016 710 1 = 1 liquid pint 1 0.25 946.332 0.946 332 57.75 0. 033 420 1 = 1 liquid quart 4 1 3785. 329 3.785 329 231 0. 133 680 6 = 1 gallon 0.001 056 71 0. 000 264 178 1 0.001 0.061 025 1 0. 000 035 315 4 = 1 milliliter 1.056 71 0.264 178 1000 1 61.025 1 0.035 315 4 = 1 liter 0.017 316 0. 004 329 00 16. 3867 0. 016 386 7 1 0. 000 578 703 7 = 1 cubic inch 29.922 08 7.480 519 5 28 316.22 28.316 22 1728 1 = 1 cubic foot. 10 6.5. UNITS OF CAPACITY Units Dry pints Dry quarts Pecks Bushels 1 dry pint = i 0.5 0.0625 0.015 625 1 dry quart = 2 1 0.125 0.031 25 1 peck = 16 8 1 0.25 1 = bushel 64 32 4 1 = 1 liter 1.81621 0.908 103 0.113 513 0.028 378 = 1 dekaliter 18.1621 9.081 03 1.135 13 0.283 78 = 1 cubic inch 0.029 761 6 0.014 880 8 0.001 860 10 0.000 465 025 = 1 cubic foot 51.428 093 25.714 047 3.214 255 8 0.803 563 95 6.6. UNITS OF MASS NOT GREATER Apothecaries Avoirdupois Apothecaries Units Grains Pennyweights Avoirdupois scruples drams drams ounces 1 grain 1 0.05 0.041 666 67 0. 036 571 43 0. 016 666 7 0. 002 285 71 1 apoth. scruple 20 1 0. 833 333 3 0. 731 428 6 0.333 333 0. 045 714 3 1 pennyweight 24 1.2 1 0. 877 714 3 0.4 0. 054 857 1 1 avdp. dram 27.343 75 1.367 187 5 1.139 323 1 0.455 729 2 0.0625 1 apoth. dram 60 3 2.5 2. 194 286 1 0. 137 142 9 1 avdp. oz. 437.5 21.875 18. 229 17 16 7. 291 67 1 1 apoth. or troy oz 480 24 20 17.554 28 8 1.097 142 9 1 apoth. or troy lb 5760 288 240 210. 6514 96 13. 165 714 1 avdp. lb. 7000 350 291. 6667 256 116. 6667 16 1 milligram 0.015 432 356 0. 000 771 618 0.000 643 014 8 0. 000 564 383 3 0. 000 257 205 9 0. 000 035 273 96 1 gram 15.432 356 0. 771 618 0. 643 014 85 0. 564 383 3 0. 257 205 9 0.035 273 96 1 kilogram 15 432.356 771.6178 643. 014 85 564.383 32 257.205 94 35. 273 96 6.7. UNITS OF MASS NOT LESS Avoirdupois Avoirdupois Short hundred- Short Units ounces pounds weights tons 1 avoirdupois ounce = 1 0.0625 0.000 625 0.000 031 25 1 avoirdupois pound = 16 1 0.01 0.0005 1 short hundredweight = 1600 100 1 0.05 1 short ton = 32 000 2000 20 1 1 long ton = 35 840 2240 22.4 1.12 1 kilogram = 35.273 957 2. 204 622 34 0.022 046 223 0. 001 102 311 2 1 metric ton = 35 273.957 2204. 622 34 22. 046 223 1.102 311 2 11 DRY MEASURE Liters Dekaliters Cubic inches Cubic feet Units• 10 1 610. 251 0.353 154 = 1 dekaliter 0. 016 386 7 0. 001 638 67 1 0. 000 578 703 7 = 1 cubic inch 28.316 22 2.831 622 1728 1 = 1 cubic foot THAN POUNDS AND KILOGRAMS Apothecaries or Apothecaries or Avoirdupois Milligrams Grams Kilograms Units troy ounces troy pounds pounds 0. 002 083 33 0.000 173 611 1 0. 000 142 857 1 64. 798 918 0. 064 798 918 0. 000 064 798 9 = 1 grain 0.041 666 7 0.003 472 222 0. 002 857 143 1295. 9784 1.295 978 4 0. 001 295 978 = 1 apoth. scruple 0.05 0. 004 166 667 0. 003 428 571 1555. 1740 1.555 174 0. 001 555 174 = 1 pennyweight 0.056 966 146 0. 004 747 178 8 0.003 906 25 1771.8454 1.771 845 4 0. 001 771 845 = 1 avdp. dram 0.125 0.010 416 667 0. 008 571 429 3887. 9351 3. 887 935 1 0. 003 887 935 = 1 apoth. dram 0.911 458 3 0. 075 954 861 0.0625 28 349. 527 28. 349 527 0. 028 349 53 = 1 avdp. ounce 1 0. 083 333 33 0. 068 571 43 31 103.481 31.103 481 0. 031 103 48 = 1 apoth. or troy ounce 12 1 0. 822 857 1 373 241. 77 373. 241 77 0. 373 241 77 = 1 apoth. or troy poun< 14. 583 333 1.215 277 8 1 153 592.4277 453.592 4277 0.453 592 427 7 = 1 avdp. pound 0. 000 032 150 74 0. 000 002 679 23 0. 000 002 204 62 1 0.001 0.000 001 = 1 milligram 0. 032 150 74 0. 002 679 23 0. 002 204 62 1000 1 0.001 = 1 gram 32.150 742 2. 679 228 5 2.204 622 341 1 000 000 1000 1 = 1 kilogram THAN AVOIRDUPOIS OUNCES Long tons Kilograms Metric tons Units 0. 000 027 901 79 0. 028 349 53 0. 000 028 349 53 = 1 avoirdupois ounce 0. 000 446 428 6 0.453 592 427 7 0. 000 453 592 43 = 1 avoirdupois pound 0. 044 642 86 45.359 243 0. 045 359 243 = 1 short hundredweight 0. 892 857 1 907. 184 86 0.907 184 86 = 1 short ton 1 1016.047 04 1.016 047 04 = 1 long ton 0.000 984 206 4 1 0.001 = 1 kilogram 0. 984 206 40 1000 1 = 1 metric ton 12 7. COMPARISON OF METRIC AND CUSTOMARY UNITS FROM 1 TO 9 7.1. LENGTH Milli- Feet Meters Inches meters Yards Meters Rods Meters U.S. miles Kilometers (in.) (mm) (ft) (m) (yd) (m) (rd) (m) (mi) (km) _ rj _ j_ = 25 4001 X =0 304 801 = 914 402 029 21 1 609 347 2 = 50.8001 2 = 609 601 2 = 1 828 804 2 = 10 058 42 2 = 3 218 694 3 = 76.2002 3 = 914 402 3 = 2 743 205 3 = 15 087 63 3= 4 828 042 4 = 101. 6002 4 =1 219 202 4 = 3 657 607 4 = 20 116 84 4 = 6 437 389 5 = 12 / . UUU3 5 = 1 524 003 5 = 4 572 ooy 5 = 25 146 05 5 = 8 046 736 6 = 152.4003 6 = 1 828 804 6 = 5 486 411 6 =30 175 26 6 = 9 656 083 7 = 177. 8004 = 2. 133 604 7 = 6 400 813 7 =35 204 47 7 = 11 265 431 8 = 203. 2004 8 = 2 438 405 8 = 7 315 215 8 = 40 233 68 8 = 12 874 778 9 = 228.6005 9 = 2 743 205 9 = 8 229 616 9 = 45 262 89 9= 14 484 125 039 37 = 1 3 280 83 = 1 1 093 611 = 1 198 838 = 1 0. 621 370 = 1 078 74 =2 6 561 67 = 13 2 187 222 = 2 397 677 = 2 1 242 740 = 2 118 11 =3 9 842 50 =3 3 280 833 = 3 596 515 =3 1 864 110 = 3 157 48 = 4 13 123 33 = 4 4 374 444 = 4 795 354 =4 2 485 480 = 4 196 85 =5 16 404 17 =5 5 468 056 = 5 994 192 =5 3 106 850 = 5 236 22 =6 19 685 00 = 6 6 561 667 = 6 1 193 030 =6 3 728 220 = 6 275 59 = 7 22 965 83 = 7 7 655 278 = 7 1 391 869 =7 4 349 590 = 7 314 96 = 8 26 246 67 = 8 8 748 889 = 8 1 590 707 =8 4 970 960 = 8 354 33 = 9 29 527 50 = 9 9 842 500 = 9 1 789 545 =9 5 592 330 = 9 7.2. AREA Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Square Acres Hectares inches centimeters feet meters yards meters miles kilometers (acre) (ha) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (in. ) (cm ) (ft ) (m ) (yd ) (m ) (mi ) (km ) 1= 6.452 1 = 092 90 1 = 0.8361 1=0. 4047 1= 2.5900 2 = 12. 903 2 = 185 81 2 = 1. 6723 2 = 0. 8094 2= 5. 1800 3 = 19.355 3 = 0. 278 71 3 = 2. 5084 3 = 1. 2141 3= 7.7700 4 = 25.807 4=0. 371 61 4 = 3.3445 4=1. 6187 4 = 10.3600 5=32. 258 5=0. 464 52 5=4. 1807 5 = 2. 0234 5 = 12.9500 6=38. 710 6 = 0. 557 42 6 = 5.0168 6 = 2. 4281 6 = 15.5400 7 = 45. 161 7=0. 650 32 7 = 5.8529 7 = 2. 8328 7 = 18. 1300 8 = 51. 613 8 = 0. 743 23 8 = 6. 6890 8 = 3. 2375 8 = 20.7200 9 = 58.065 9=0. 836 13 9 = 7. 5252 9=3. 6422 9 = 23.3100 0.155 00=1 10 764 = 1 1. 1960 = 1 2.471=1 0.3861=1 0.310 00=2 21 528 = 2 2.3920 = 2 4.942=2 0. 7722=2 0.465 00 = 3 32 292=3 3. 5880 = 3 7.413=3 1. 1583=3 0.620 00 = 4 43 055 = 4 4.7839 = 4 9.884 = 4 1.5444=4 0.775 00=5 53 819 = 5 5.9799 = 5 12.355=5 1.9305=5 0. 930 00=6 64 583 = 6 7. 1759 = 6 14.826 = 6 2.3166 = 6 1. 085 00 = 7 75 347 = 7 8.3719 = 7 17.297 = 7 2. 7027=7 1. 240 00 = 8 86 111=8 9.5679 = 8 19. 768=8 3.0888=8 1.395 00 = 9 96 875=9 10. 7639=9 22. 239=9 3.4749=9 7.3. VOLUME Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Cubic Liters Liters inches centimeters feet meters yards meters inches feet (liter) (liter) 2 2 2 2 2 2 (in.3) (cm ) (ft*) (m ) (yd ) (m ) (in. ) (ft ) = = 1= 16.3872 1 =0. 028 317 1 =0. 7646 1 0. 016 386 7 1 28. 316 0. 032 773 2= 56. 632 2= 32.7743 2 = 0. 056 634 2 = 1. 5291 2= 4 1 3= 84. 949 3= 49. 1615 3 = 0. 084 951 3 = 2. 2937 3= 0. 049 160 4= 113. 265 4= 65.5486 4 = 0. 113 268 4 =3.0582 4= 0. 065 546 8 5= 81.9358 5 =0. 141 585 5 = 3.8228 5 = 0. 081 933 5 5 = 141. 581 6= 98.3230 6 = 0. 169 902 6 = 4. 5874 6= 0. 098 320 2 6= 169. 897 7 = 114. 7101 7 = 0. 198 219 7 = 5.3519 7 = 0. 114 706 9 7 = 198. 214 8 = 131.0973 8 = 226 536 8 = 6. 1165 8 = 0. 131 093 6 8= 226. 530 9 = 147.4845 9 = 254 853 9 = 6.8810 9= 0. 147 480 3 9= 254. 846 0.061 02=1 35 314 =1 1.3079 = 1 61. 025 = 1 0. 035 315 = 1 0. 122 05 = 2 70 629 = 2 2.6159 =2 122. 050 = 2 070 631 = 2 0. = = =3 183. 075 = 3 0. 105 946 = 3 183 07 3 105 943 3 3.9238 = 0. 244 09 = 4 141 258 =4 5. 2318 = 4 244. 100 = 4 0. 141 262 4 0.305 12 = 5 176 572 = 5 6. 5397 =5 305. 125 = 5 0. 176 577 = 5 0.366 14 = 6 211 887 = 6 7.8477 =6 366. 151 = <> 0. 211 893 = 6 0.427 16 = 7 247 201 =7 9. 1556 = 7 427. 176 = 7 0. 247 208 = 7 0.488 19 = 8 282 516 = 8 10.4635 =8 488. 207 = 8 0. 282 524 = 8 0.549 21=9 317 830 = 9 11.7715 =9 549. 226 = 9 0. 317 839 = 9 13 7.4. CAPACITY—LIQUID MEASURE U. S. fluid U. S. fluid ^ ...... U.S. liquid U. S. liquid U. S. ivlilhh t ers Liters Liters Liters drams ounces pints quarts gallons (fldr) (ml) (fl oz) (ml) (pt) (liter) (qt) (liter) (gal) (liter) 1 = 3. 6966 1 = 29. 573 1 = 0. 473 17 1 = 0. 946 33 1 = 3. 785 33 2 = 7. 3932 2 = 59. 146 2 = 0. 946 33 2 = 1. 892 66 2 = 7. 570 66 3 = 11. 0898 3 = 88. 719 3 = 1. 419 50 3 = 2. 839 00 3 = 1 1. 355 99 4 = 14. 7864 4 = 118. 292 4= 1. 892 66 4= 3. 785 33 4= 1 5. 141 31 5 = 18. 4830 5 = 147. 864 5 = 2. 365 83 5= 4. 731 66 5= 18. 926 64 (> = 22. 1797 6 = 177. 437 6= 2. 839 00 6= 5. 677 99 6= 22. 711 97 7 = 25. 8763 7 = 207. 010 7 = 3. 312 16 7 = 6. 624 32 7 = 26. 497 30 8 = 29. 5729 8 = 236. 583 8 = 3. 785 33 8 = 7. 570 66 8= 30. 282 63 = 33. 2695 9 = 266. 156 9 = 4. 258 49 9= 8. 516 99 9= 34. 067 96 "i 0. 270 52 — L 0. 033 815 — A 2. 1 134 = 1 1. 056 71 = 1 264 18 = 1 0. 541 04 = 2 0. 067 630 = 2 4. 2268 = 3 2. 113 42 = 2 528 36 = a 0. 811 55 = 3 0. 101 444 = 3 6. 3403 = 3 3. 170 13 = 3 792 53 = 3 I. 082 07 = 4 0. 135 259 = 4 8. 4537 = 1 4. 226 85 = 4 1 056 71 = 4 1. 352 59 = 5 0. 169 074 = 5 10. 5671 = 5 5. 283 56 = 5 1 320 89 = 5 1. 623 11 = 6 0. 202 889 = 6 12. 6805 = 6 6. 340 27 = 6 1 585 07 = (1 1. 893 63 = 7 0. 236 703 = 7 14. 7940 = 7 7. 396 98 = 7 1 849 25 = 7 2. 164 15 = 8 0. 270 518 = 8 16. 9074 = 8 8. 453 69 = 8 2 113 42 = 8 2. 434 66 = 9 0. 304 333 = 9 19. 0208 = 9 9. 510 40 = !) 2 377 60 = 9 7.5. CAPACITY—DRY MEASURE u. s. U. S. U. S. Hecto- U. S. Hecto- dry Liters Liters Dekaliters pecks pecfs bushels liters bushels liters per quarts per acre hectare (qt) (liter) (pk) (liter) (pk) (dkl) (bu) (hi) 1 = 1. 1012 1= 8.810 1=0.8810 1 = 0.352 38 1 = 0.8708 2 = 2. 2024 2 = 17.619 2 = 1. 7619 2 = 0. 704 77 2 = 1. 7415 3 = 3. 3036 3 = 26.429 3 = 2.6429 3 = 1.057 15 3 = 2.6123 4 = 4. 4048 4=35. 238 4 = 3.5238 4 = 1.409 53 4 = 3.4830 5=5. 5060 5 = 44.048 5 = 4.4048 5 = 1. 761 91 5 = 4.3538 6=6. 6072 6 = 52.857 6 = 5.2857 6=2. 114 30 6 = 5. 2245 7 = 7. 7084 7 = 61. 667 7 = 6. 1667 7 = 2.466 68 7 = 6.0953 8=8 8096 8 = 70.477 8 = 7.0477 8 = 2.819 06 8 = 6.9660 9=9. 9108 9 = 79. 286 9 = 7.9286 9 = 3. 171 45 9 = 7.8368 0.9081=1 0. 113 51=1- 1. 1351 = 1 2.8378 = 1 1 1484 = 1 1.8162 = 2 0. 227 03=2 2. 2703 = 2 5.6756 = 2 2 2969 = 2 2.7243 = 3 0.340 54=3 3.4054 = 3 8. 5135 = 3 3 4453=3 3.6324=4 0.454 05=4 4. 5405=4 11.3513 = 4 4 5937=4 4. 5405 = 5 0. 567 56=5 5.6756=5 14. 1891 = 5 5 7422=5 5.4486 = 6 0.681 08=6 6.8108 = 6 17. 0269=6 6 8906 = 6 6.3567 = 7 0. 794 59 = 7 7.9459 = 7 19.8648 = 7 8 0390 = 7 7.2648 = 8 0.908 10 = 8 9.0810 = 8 22. 7026 = 8 9 1874=8 8.1729 = 9 1.021 62=9 10. 2162 = 9 25. 5404 = 9 10 3359 = 9 7.6. MASS Apothe- Avoirdu- Avoirdu- Troy Kilo- caries Grams pois Grams pois Grains Grams ounces drams Grams ounces pounds grams (grain) (g) (dr ap or 3 ) (g) (oz t) (g) (oz avdp) (g) (lb avdp) (kg) 1 = 0.064 799 1 = 3.8879 1 = 31. 103 1 = 28.350 1 = 0.453 59 2=0. 129 598 2 = 7.7759 2 = 62. 207 2 = 56.699 2 = 907 18 3 = 0. 194 397 3 = 11.6638 3 = 93.310 3 = 85.049 3 = 1 360 78 4 = 0. 259 196 4 = 15.5517 4 = 124.414 4 = 113.398 4 = 1. 814 37 5 = 0.323 995 5 = 19.4397 5 = 155. 517 5 = 141. 748 5 =2 267 96 6 = 0.388 794 6 = 23.3276 6 = 186.621 6 = 170.097 6 = 2 721 55 7 = 0.453 592 7 = 27.2155 7 = 217. 724 7 = 198.447 7 = 3 175 15 8 = 0. 518 391 8 = 31. 1035 8 = 248.828 8 = 226. 796 8 = 3 628 74 9 = 0. 583 190 9 = 34. 9914 9 = 279.931 9 = 255. 146 9 = 4 082 33 15 4324=1 0. 257 21 = 1 0.032 151 = 1 0.035 274 = 1 2 204 62 = 1 30. 8647 = 2 0.514 41 =2 0. 064 301 = 2 0.070 548 =2 4 409 24 = 2 46 2971=3 0. 771 62 =3 0.096 452 = 3 0. 105 822 = 3 6 613 87 = 3 61 7294=4 1.028 82 =4 0. 128 603 =4 0. 141 096 = 4 8 818 49 = 4 77 1618=5 1. 286 03 =5 0. 160 754 =5 0. 176 370 =5 11 023 11 = 5 92 5941=6 1. 543 24 =6 0. 192 904 =6 0. 211 644 =6 13 227 73 = 6 108 0265 = 7 1.800 44 = 7 0. 225 055 =7 0. 246 918 = 7 15 432 36 = 7 123 4589=8 2.057 65 =8 0.257 206 =8 0.282 192 =8 17 636 98 =8 138 8912=9 2.314 85 =9 0. 289 357 = 9 0.317 466 = 9 19 841 60 =9 408776°—56 3 14 7.7. COMPARISON OF THE VARIOUS TONS AND POUNDS IN USE IN THE UNITED STATES (FROM 1 TO 9 UNITS) Tioy pounds Avoirdupois pounds Kilograms Short tons Long tons Metric tons 1 0.822-857 0. 373 24 0. 000 411 43 0. 000 367 35 0. 000 373 24 2 1. 645 71 0. 746 48 0. 000 822 86 0. 000 734 69 o uuu t*tXi to flftl 11Q 73 3 2. 468 57 1. 119 73 0.001 234 29 0. 001 102 04 o UU1 liy / -3 3. £91 43 1. 492 97 0. 001 645 71 0. 001 469 39 0. flOl dQ? 07 5 4. 114 29 1.866 21 0. 002 057 14 0. 001 836 73 001 866 21 6 4.937 14 2. 239 45 0. 002 468 57 0. 002 204 08 o 7 5. 760 00 2.612 69 0. 002 880 00 0. 002 571 43 002 612 69 8 6. 582 86 2. 985 93 0. 003 291 43 0. 002 938 78 o OCt? QUI Ot .mo i i o 9 7 405 71 3.359 18 0.003 702 86 0. 003 306 12 o uuo ojy its 1.215 28 1 0.453 59 0. 0005 0. 000 446 43 000 453 59 id 2.430 56 2 0. 907 18 0. 0010 0. 000 892 86 q uuunnn yu/on7 its 3. 645 83 3 1. 360 78 0. 0015 0. 001 339 29 o UU1 ODU /o 4. 861 11 4 1.814 37 0. 0020 0. 001 785 71 o UUI 014- Of 6.076 39 5 2. 267 96 0. 0025 0. 002 232 14 002 267 96 fin? 791 cc 7. 291 67 6 2. 721 55 0. 0030 0. 002 678 57 o UU£ i Li oo 8. 506 94 7 3. 175 15 0. 0035 0. 003 125 00 003 175 15 9.722 22 8 3. 628 74 0. 0040 0. 003 571 43 o WO O&o f*t 10. 937 50 9 4. 082 33 0. 0045 0. 004 017 86 o UU4 UO£ OO 2. 679 23 2. 204 62 1 0. 001 102 31 0. 000 984 21 001 5. 358 46 4. 409 24 2 0. 002 204 62 0. 001 968 41 o 002 8. 037 69 6.613 87 3 0. 003 306 93 0. 002 952 62 o 003 10. 716 91 8. 818 49 A 0. 004 409 24 0. 003 936 83 004 13. 396 14 11.023 11 5 0.005 511 56 0. 004 921 03 005 16.075 37 13. 227 73 6 0. 006 613 87 0. 005 905 24 o uuo 18. 754 60 15.432 36 7 0.007 716 18 0. 006 889 44 007 21. 433 83 17. 636 98 8 0.008 818 49 0. 007 873 65 008 24. 113 06 19. 841 60 9 0. 009 920 80 0. 008 857 86 009 2430. 56 2000 907. 18 1 0.892 86 907 18 4861.11 4000 1814. 37 2 1.785 71 1 814 37 7291.67 6000 2721.55 3 2. 678 57 721 55 \ 9722. 22 8000 3628. 74 4 3. 571 43 3 628 74 12 152. 78 10 000 4535. 92 5 4.464 29 4 535 92 14 583. 33 12 000 5443. 11 6 5. 357 14 5 443 11 17 013.89 14 000 6350. 29 7 6. 250 00 6 350 29 19 444. 44 16 000 7257. 48 8 7. 142 86 7 257 48 21 875. 00 18 000 8164. 66 9 8.035 71 8 164 66 2722.22 2240 1016. 05 1.12 1 1 016 05 5444.44 4480 2032. 09 2.24 2 2 032 09 8166.67 6720 3048. 14 3. 36 3 3 048 14 10 888. 89 8960 4064. 19 4.48 4 4 064 19 13 611.11 11 200 5080. 24 5.60 5 5 080 24 16 333. 33 13 440 6096. 28 6.72 6 6 096 28 19 055.56 15 680 7112.32 7.84 7 7 112 32 21 777. 78 17 920 8128. 38 8.96 8 8 128 38 24 500. 00 20 160 9144. 42 10.08 9 9 144 42 2679. 23 2204. 62 1000 1. 102 31 0.984 21 1 5358. 46 4409. 24 2000 2. 204 62 1.968 41 2 8037. 69 6613. 87 3000 3. 306 93 2. 952 62 3 10 716.91 8818. 49 4000 4. 409 24 3.936 83 4 13 396. 14 11 023. 11 5000 5.511 56 4.921 03 5 16 075. 37 13 227. 73 6000 6. 613 87 5. 905 24 6 18 754. 60 15 432. 36 7000 7.716 18 6. 889 44 7 21 433. 83 17 636.98 8000 8.818 49 7. 873 65 8 24 113. 06 19 841. 60 9000 9.920 80 8. 857 86 9 15 8. SPECIAL TABLES LENGTH—INCHES AND MILLIMETERS—EQUIVALENTS OF DECIMAL AND BINARY FRACTIONS OF AN INCH IN MILLIMETERS From 1/64 to 1 Inch Decimals Decimals Milli- Milli- 8ths 16ths 32ds 64ths of Inch 8ths 16ths 32ds 64ths of ye* meters U's U1CIC1 & an inch an inch 1 = 0.397 0.015625 33 = 13. 097 0. 515625 1 2 = .794 .03125 17 34 = 13. 494 .53125 3 - 1.191 . 046875 35 = 13.891 . 546875 1 2 4 = 1.588 .0625 9 18 36 = 14.288 .5625 5 = 1.984 .078125 37 = 14.684 . 578125 3 6 = 2.381 . 09375 19 38 = 15.081 . 59375 7 = 2.778 . 109375 39 = 15.478 . 609375 1 2 4 8 = 3.175 .1250 5 10 20 40 = 15.875 .625 9 = 3.572 . 140625 41 = 16.272 . 640625 5 10 = 3.969 . 15625 21 42 = 16.669 . 65625 11 = 4.366 . 171875 43 = 17.066 .671875 3 6 12 = 4.763 .1875 11 22 44 = 17.463 .6875 13 = 5.159 . 203125 45 = 17.859 .703125 7 14 = 5.556 . 21875 23 46 = 18. 256 . 71875 15 = 5.953 . 234375 47 = 18.653 . 734375 l 2 4 8 16 - 6.350 .2500 3 6 12 24 48 = 19.050 .75 — 17 6_ 747 . 265625 49 = 19. 447 . 765625 '. 9 18 = 7^144 ! 28125 25 50 = 19! 844 78125 19 = 7.541 . 296875 51 = 20. 241 . 796875 5 10 20 = 7.938 .3125 13 26 52 = 20. 638 .8125 21 = 8.334 .328125 53 = 21.034 . 828125 11 22 = 8.731 . 34375 27 54 = 21.431 . 84375 23 = 9.128 . 359375 55 = 21.828 . 859375 3 6 12 24 = 9.525 .3750 7 14 28 56 = 22. 225 .875 25 = 9.922 . 390625 57 = 22.622 . 890625 13 26 = 10.319 . 40625 29 58 = 23.019 . 90625 27 = 10.716 . 421875 59 = 23.416 .921875 7 14 28 = 11.113 .4375 15 30 60 = 23.813 .9375 29 = 11.509 .453125 61 = 24.209 .953125 15 30 = 11.906 . 46875 31 62 = 24. 606 . 96875 31 = 12.303 . 484375 63 = 25.003 . 984375 i 2 4 8 16 32 = 12. 700 .5 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 = 25.400 1.000 LENGTH—HUNDREDTHS OF AN INCH TO MILLIMETERS From 1 to 99 Hundredths Hun- dredths of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 an inch KM 0. 254 0.508 0. 762 1.016 1.270 1.524 1.778 2.032 2. 286 10 2. 540 2.794 3.048 3.302 3. 556 3.810 4. 064 4.318 4.572 4.826 20 5.080 5. 334 5. 588 5.842 6. 096 6. 350 6. 604 6.858 7.112 7. 366 30 7. 620 7. 874 8.128 8.382 8.636 8. 890 9.144 9.398 9.652 9.906 40 10. 160 10.414 10. 668 10.922 11.176 11.430 11.684 11.938 12.192 12. 446 50 12. 700 12. 954 13. 208 13.462 13.716 13.970 14. 224 14.478 14. 732 14. 986 60 15. 240 15.494 15. 748 16. 002 16. 256 16.510 16. 764 17.018 17. 272 17. 526 70 17. 780 18. 034 18. 288 18. 542 18. 796 19.050 19. 304 19. 558 19. 812 20. 066 80 20. 320 20. 574 20. 828 21.082 21.336 21.590 21.844 22. 098 22. 352 22. 606 90 22. 860 23. 114 23. 368 23. 622 23.876 24. 130 24. 384 24. 638 24.892 25. 146 LENGTH—MILLIMETERS TO DECIMALS OF AN INCH From 1 to 99 Units Milli- meters 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0. 03937 0. 07874 0.11811 0. 15748 0. 19685 0. 23622 0. 27559 0. 31496 0. 35433 10 0. 39370 . 43307 .47244 .51181 .55118 . 59055 . 62992 . 66929 . 70866 . 74803 20 . 78740 . 82677 .86614 .90551 . 94488 . 98425 1.02362 1. 06299 1. 10236 1. 14173 30 1.18110 1. 22047 1. 25984 1.29921 1.33858 1.37795 1.41732 1. 45669 1.49606 1.53543 40 1.57480 1.61417 1.65354 1.69291 1. 73228 1.77165 1.81102 1.85039 1.88976 1.92913 50 1.96850 2. 00787 2. 04724 2. 08661 2. 12598 2. 16535 2. 20472 2. 24409 2. 28346 2. 32283 60 2.36220 2. 40157 2.44094 2. 48031 2. 51968 2. 55905 2. 59842 2. 63779 2.67716 2. 71653 70 2. 75590 2. 79527 2. 83464 2. 87401 2.91338 2.95275 2.99212 3. 03149 3. 07086 3.11023 80 3. 14960 3. 18897 3. 22834 3. 26771 3. 30708 3. 34645 3. 38582 3. 42519 3. 46456 3. 50393 90 3. 54330 3. 58267 3. 62204 3. 66141 3. 70078 3. 74015 3. 77952 3.81889 3. 85826 3. 89763 16 j <-o tj- moi>floa> O Ol Ol 00 00 t- t-» IO tOiOLOrf* * CO CO CM CM HHOOO Ol Ol 00 00 I> t> t- VO IO iO tO * * * CO CONNi-tH HOOOlOl O Ol Ol Ol 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01 oi 01 Ol Oi Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol Ol 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 oooooooooo oo oo oo i>r- rM>HiO C*COt--i-iiO Ol CO C- >-* i_0 OlfOt^-i-tiO OlCOt-i-HiO OlCOt*-tHio Ol CO l> i-i lO OlCOt-»iHiO Ol CO t-- »h iO OiCO^»-liO iflOlOH lOCMt-cOOO CO Ol * O tO O tO i-i CM t^cO00*Ol 'tOiOHtO »-i O CM 00 CO CO * Ol LO O lO tH VO CM cmoocoOi* C S VOCMOO* 0 03 0000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 (N * tO 00 © CM * tO 00 ON'tlOOO O 3 5 3 u OHNfO* lOtOOOOOl © i-H CM CO * LO LO t- CO Ol © «-t CM CO * LO tO t-. 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STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL METRIC SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES 10.1. CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY TO FIX STANDARDS "The Congress shall have power to * * * fix the standard of weights and measures." (Constitution of the United States, Art. 1, sec. 8, par. 5.) 10.2. METRIC SYSTEM LEGALIZED "It shall be lawful throughout the United States of America to employ the weights and measures of the metric system, * * *. " (Revised Statutes of the United States, sec. 3569.) 10.3. METRIC STANDARDS ADOPTED AS FUNDAMENTAL "* * * the office of weights and measures * * * will in the future regard the international prototype meter and kilogram as fundamental standards, and the customary units, the yard and the pound, will be derived therefrom in accord- ance with the act of July 28, 1866." (Order approved by the Secretary of the Treasury, April 5, 1893.) 10.4. METRIC BALANCES FURNISHED CERTAIN POST OFFICES "The Postmaster General shall furnish to the post offices exchanging mails with foreign countries, and to such other offices as he may deem expedient, postal balances denominated in grams of the metric system, fifteen grams of which shall be the equivalent, for postal purposes, of one-half ounce avoirdupois, and so on in pro- gression." (Revised Statutes of the United States, sec. 3880.) 10.5. METRIC WEIGHTS USED FOR CERTAIN COINS "* * * the weight of the half-dollar shall be twelve grams and one-half of a gram; the quarter-dollar and the dime shall be, respectively, one-half and one-fifth of the weight of said half-dollar. " (Revised Statutes of the United States, sec. 3513.) 10.6. CONGRESS PROVIDES METRIC STANDARDS FOR THE STATES OF THE UNION, LAND-GRANT AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES, AND THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 11 Be it resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, authorized and directed to furnish to each State, to be delivered to the governor thereof, one set of the standard weights and measures of the metric system for the use of the States, respectively." (Joint resolution of Congress approved July 27, 1866.) "Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed to cause a complete set of all the weights and measures adopted as standards to be delivered to the governor of each State in the Union, for the use of agricultural colleges in the States, respectively, which have received a grant of lands from the United States, and also one set of the same for the use of the Smithsonian Institution: * * *." (Joint resolution of Congress, approved March 3, 1881.) 10.7. UNITED STATES JOINS IN ESTABLISHING INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES "The high contracting parties engage to establish and maintain, at their common expense, a scientific and permanent international bureau 13 of weights and measures, the location of which shall be at Paris." (Extract from convention of 1875, signed for the United States by the United States ambassador to France.) ,3 This bureau has the cutody of the international standards of the metric system, to which all metric prototypes of the world are referred for verification. It was established and is maintained jointly by various governments. 61 10.8. CONGRESS ADOPTS THE METRIC UNITS FOR ELECTRICAL MEASURES It was enacted by the Congress in 1894 that the "international" electrical units should be the legal units of electrical measure in the United States. These units were based on the centimeter-gram-second electromagnetic system of electrical units, but for practical convenience were defined in terms of the electrical properties of silver and of mercury. In 1950 the Congress enacted Public Law 617- 81st Congress (Chap. 484 2nd Session) which redefines the units directly in terms of the centimeter-gram- second electromagnetic system of units and repeals the Act of 1894 (Public Law No. 105). Public Law 617 also defines the photometric units, candle and lumen, in terms of the light from one square centimeter of a perfect radiator at the temperature of freezing platinum. 10.9. METRIC CARAT ADOPTED AS UNIT OF WEIGHT FOR DIAMONDS AND OTHER PRECIOUS STONES "Beginning July 1, 1913, the Bureau of Standards will recognize the international metric carat of 200 milligrams as the unit of weight for diamonds and other precious stones and will use this unit for the purposes of certification of all carat weights submitted to the bureau for test." (National Bureau of Standards, Circular C43, issued November 1, 1913.) "On and after July 1, 1913, the unit of weight for imported diamonds, pearls, and other precious stones will be the metric carat of 200 milligrams. "Collectors at ports now equipped with scales for weighing precious stones will make requisition for a new set of weights based upon such carat." (Treasury Depart- ment order, June 17, 1913, to collectors and other officers of the customs.) 10.10. METRIC SYSTEM OPTIONAL IN PUERTO RICO "Section 1. —That the metric system of weights and measures and the imperial system customarily used in the United States, insofar as the same are described by this Act, are hereby recognized and established in Porto Rico for use in all industrial, commercial, or agricultural transactions, * * *." (Act No. 135, approved, August 18, 1913; last amended, 1936.) 10.11. RELATION BETWEEN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS ADOPTED BY AMERICAN STANDARDS ASSOCIATION For industrial purposes a simple relation between the inch and the millimeter has been adopted by the American Standards Association (ASA B48. 1-1933), and by similar organizations in 15 other countries. This relation is 1 inch = 25. 4 millimeters (exactly) from which, 1 yard = 0.9 144 meter (exactly). The adoption of this relation by industry, for use in making conversions between inches and millimeters, has no effect upon the legal definition of the yard or of the meter. . . 11. INDEX Page Abbreviations, list of accepted Customary standards of length, temperature at which Acre: standard Definition. _ Equivalents in hectares, 1 to 9 units Decigram, definition Equivalents in hectares, 1 to 999 units Deciliter, definition __ 5 Equivalents of bushels per acre in hectoliters per Decimal and common fractions of an inch and millimeters- 15 hectare, 1 to 9 units Decimeter: Relation to other area units Cubic: American Standards Association: Definition 5 Conversion factor, inches to millimeters Relation to liter 5 Angstrom Relation to other volume units 8 Apothecaries units (see also under the name of each unit) Definition 3 Are, definition Equivalent in inches 2 Area: Square, definition 4 Definition of units Dekagram, definition 6 Fundamental units Dekaliter: Subsidiary units Definition 5 Avoirdupois units of mass (see also under the name of each Equivalents in United States pecks, 1 to 9 units 13 unit) Relation to other capacity units 10 Dekameter: Barrel: Cubic, definition 5 For apples: Definition _ 3 Definition __ Square, definition 4 Volume in cubic inches. Dram: Board foot, definition Apothecaries: Bureau, International, of Weights and Measures Definition Bushel: Equivalents in grams, 1 to 9 units British: Relation to other units of mass Relation to United States bushel, approximate. Avoirdupois: United States: Definition Definition Relation to other units of mass Equivalents in hectoliters, 1 to 9 units Fluid: Equivalents in hectoliters, 1 to 999 units Definition 5 Heaped Equivalents in milliliters, 1 to 9 units 13 Relation to other capacity units Relation to other capacity units Stricken or struck Dry units of capacity (see also under the name of each unit) Volume in cubic inches Electrical units, based on metric system. _ 61 Capacity: Equivalents, fundamental 2 Definition of units Equivalents. (See names of units.) Fundamental units Subsidiary units Fathom, definition Capacity measures: Feet. (See Foot.) Coefficient of expansion Fluid units (see also under the name of each unit) Distinction between, and units Foot: Material of which made Cubic: Temperature at which standard Definition. 5 Carat: Equivalents in cubic meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Metric, definition Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 12 Old, in use in United States previous to July 1, 1913- Relation to other volume units 8 Centare, definition Definition. 4 Centigram, definition Equivalents in meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Centiliter, definition Equivalents in meters, 1 to 999 units 28 Centimeter: Relation to other length units Cubic: Square: Definition Definition. . 4 Equivalents in cubic inches, 1 to 9 units Equivalents in square meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Relation to other volume units Relation to other area units Definition _ Fractions of an inch and millimeters. 15 Relation to other units Furlong, definition 4 Square: Definition Gallon: Equivalents in square inches, 1 to 9 units British imperial: Relation to other area units.. Relation to United States gallon, approximate- Chain (Gunter's): United States: Definition Definition 5 Relation to other length units Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 13 Square: Equivalents in liters, 1 to 999 units 48 Definition Relation to other capacity units Relation to other area units Volume in cubic inches Common fractions of an inch in decimals of an inch and Geographical mile. (See Mile, geographical.) millimeters Gill: Comparison of pounds and tons used in United States Definition 5 Contents, table Relation to other capacity units 8 Conversion factor, ASA: Volume in cubic inches- .- 5 Inches to millimeters Grain: Cord, definition Definition -- 6 Cubic measure, units (see also under the name of each Equivalents in grams, 1 to 9 units. - - 13 unit) Relation to other units of mass. 10 (62) : 63 Page Page Gram: Link: Definition. 6 Definition 4 Equivalents in grains, 1 to 9 units 13 Relation to other length units 8 Equivalents in apothecaries drams, 1 to 9 units 13 Square: Equivalents in troy ounces, 1 to 9 units 13 Definition 4 Equivalents in avoirdupois ounces, 1 to 9 units 13 Relation to other area units 8 Relation to other units of mass 10 Liquid units (see also under the name of each unit) 5 Weights of certain coins in grams 60 Liquids: Sale of, by measure 6 Temperature of density determinations 6 Hand, definition 4 Liter: Hectare: Definition 5 Definition 4 Equivalents in cubic inches, 1 to 9 units 12 Equivalents in acres, 1 to 9 units 12 In cubic feet, 1 to 9 units 12 Equivalents in acres, 1 to 999 units 38 In United States dry quarts, 1 to 9 units 13 Relation to other area units _ 8 In United States dry pecks, 1 to 9 units. 13 Hectogram, definition 6 In United States liquid pints, 1 to 9 units 13 Hectoliter: In United States liquid quarts, 1 to 9 units 13 Definition 5 In United States gallons, 1 to 9 units 13 Equivalents in United States bushels, 1 to 9 units 13 In United States liquid quarts, 1 to 999 units 46 Equivalents, 1 to 9 units: In United States gallons, 1 to 999 units 50 Of hectoliters per hectare in United States bushels Relation to cubic decimeter 5 per acre 13 to other liquid capacity units. 8 Equivalents of hectoliters per hectare in bushels per to other dry capacity units 10 acre, 1 to 9 units 13 Long hundredweight. (See Hundredweight, long.) Hectometer: Long ton. (See Ton, long.) Cubic, definition 5 Definition 3 Mass: Square, definition 4 Definition of units _ 5 Hundredths of an inch, equivalents of, in millimeters 15 Fundamental units _ 5 Hundredweight: Subsidiary units __ 6 Long, definition., 6 Mendenhall Order 2 Short: Meter: Definition... 6 Cubic: Relation to other units of mass 10 Definition 5 Equivalents in cubic feet, 1 to 9 units 12 Inch: Equivalents in cubic yards, 1 to 9 units. 12 Definition 4 Equivalents in cubic yards, 1 to 999 units. 42 Relation to other volume units 8 Equivalents in millimeters, 1 to 9 units 12 Definition 3 Equivalents of common fractions of, in decimals of an Equivalents in feet, 1 to 9 units 12 inch _ 15 Equivalents in feet, 1 to 999 units. Equivalents of common fractions of, in millimeters 15 30 in Equivalents in hundredths of an inch, in millimeters. 15 Equivalents rods, 1 to 9 units 12 Equivalents in yards, 1 to 9 units. Equivalents in meters, 1 to 12 units 29 12 Relation to other length units 8 Legal equivalent in inches... 2 Cubic: Relation to other length units 8 Definition. __ 5 Square: Definition 4 Equivalents in cubic centimeters, 1 to 9 units 12 Equivalents feet, 1 units 12 Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 12 in square to 9 Equivalents in square yards, 1 to 9 units 12 Number in gallon . 5 Number in bushel 5 Relation to other area units 8 Relation to dry capacity units 10 Metric standards of length, temperature at which stand- Relation to liquid capacity units 8 ard 6 Relation to other volume units 8 Metric system: Square: Abbreviations. 7 Legalized 60 Definition _ 4 Prefixes 2 Equivalents in square centimeters, 1 to 9 units. 12 Relation to other area units 8 Statement of legal status 60 International Bureau of Weights and Measures.-. 60 Units 2 Interrelation of units 8 Use in coinage ._ 60 Introduction 1 Use in Puerto Rico 61 Metric ton. (See Ton, metric.) Micron, definition 4 Kilogram Mile: Definition.. _ 5 Geographical, definition. 4 Equivalents in avoirdupois pounds, 1 to 9 units 13 Nautical: Equivalents in avoirdupois pounds, 1 to 999 units 58 Definition 4 Equivalents in avoirdupois and troy pounds, short Square: and long tons, and metric tons, 1 to 9 units 14 Definition 4 Relation to other units of mass 10 Equivalents in square kilometers, 1 to 9 units 12 Kilometer: Relation to other area units 8 Cubic, definition 5 Statute: Definition _ 3 Definition 4 Equivalents in statute miles, 1 to 9 units 12 Equivalents in kilometers, 1 to 9 units 12 Equivalents in statute miles, 1 to 999 units _ 34 Equivalents in kilometers, 1 to 999 units 32 Square: Relation to other length units 8 Definition 4 Milligram: Equivalents in square miles, 1 to 9 units 12 Definition 6 Relation to other units of mass 10 Law: Milliliter: Equivalent of half ounce in grams for use in post Definition 5 offices. 60 Equivalent in cubic centimeters 5 Electrical units based on metric system 61 Equivalents in apothecaries drams, 1 to 9 units 13 in fluid ounces, 1 9 units.. July 28, 1866, legalizing use of metric system 60 Equivalents to _. 13 to Metric system in Puerto Rico __ 61 Relation other capacity units 8 Weights of certain coins in grams fixed by law 60 Millimeter: Legal status of metric system in United States.. 60 Cubic, definition 5 Length: Definition 4 Cable. (See Cable length.) Equivalents in inches, 1 to 9 units. 12 Definition of units 3 Equivalents in inches, 1 to 99 units... 15 Fundamental units 3 Square, definition 4 Subsidiary units 3 Millimicron, definition 4 64 Page Page Minim: Scruple, apothecaries: Definition 5 Definition (i Relation to other capacity units 8 Relation to other units of mass 10 Nautical mile. (See Mile, nautical.) Short hundredweight. (See Hundredweight, short.) Short ton. (See Ton, short.) Ounce: Span, definition _ 4 Apothecaries definition _ 6 Spelling of units _ 7 Avoirdupois: Square measure: Definition. 6 Abbreviation.. 7 Equivalents in grams, 1 to 9 units 13 Units 4 Relation to other units of mass 10 See also under the name of each unit. Fluid: Standards, metric, furnished to each State 60 Definition 5 Standards of measurement: Equivalents in milliliters, 1 to 9 units 13 Coefficient of expansion 6 Relation to other capacity units 8 Congress has power to fix, in Constitution 60 Troy: Density of, for weights 7 Definition 6 Distinction between, and units. 6 Equivalents in grams, 1 to 9 units ._ 13 Temperature of Relation to other units of mass - 10 Status of metric system in United States 60 Statute mile. (See Mile, statute.) Peck: Stere, definition 5 Definition __ 5 Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 13 Tables of equivalents: Equivalents in dekaliters, 1 to 9 units _. 13 Method of construction 1 Relation to other capacity units 10 Method of use 1 Volume in cubic inches __ 5 Tapes: Pennyweight: Method of support 6 Definition _ 6 Temperature at which standard 6 Relation to other units of mass __ 10 Tension.. 6 Pint: Ton: Dry: Long: Definition __. 5 Definition 6 Relation to other capacity units 10 Equivalents in troy and avoirdupois pounds, Volume in cubic inches 5 kilograms, short tons, and metric tons, 1 to 9 Liquid: units 14 Definition 5 Relation to other units of mass 10 Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 13 Short: Relation to other capacity units 8 Definition 6 Volume in cubic inches 5 Equivalents in troy and avoirdupois pounds, Point, definition.. 4 kilograms, long tons, and metric tons, 1 to 9 Post office, equivalent of half ounce in usage 60 Pound: units 14 Relation to other units of mass... 10 Apothecaries: Troy units of mass (see also under the name of each unit) . . 6 Definition- _ _ 6 Relation to other units of mass 10 Avoirdupois: Units: Definition 6 Abbreviations 7 Equivalents in kilograms, 1 to 9 units 13 Definitions 3 Equivalents in kilograms, 1 to 999 units 56 Spelling ._ 7 Equivalents in troy pounds, kilograms, short and Table of metric 2 long tons, and metric tons, 1 to 9 units 14 Fundamental equivalent- _ 6 Relation to other units of mass 10 Volume: Troy: Abbreviation of units _ ._. 7 Definition. 6 Definition of units 4 Equivalents in avoirdupois pounds, kilograms, Fundamental units 4 Subsidiary units 5 short and long tons, and metric tons, 1 to 9 units. 14 Relation to other units of mass 10 Weights of certain coins in grams 60 Quart: Weights: Dry: Buoyancy.. 7 Definition 5 Density 7 Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 13 Material 7 Relation to other capacity units 10 Weights and Measures, International Bureau 60 Volume in cubic inches 5 Liquid: Definition 5 Yard: Equivalents in liters, 1 to 9 units 13 Cubic: Equivalents in liters, 1 to 999 units 44 Definition 5 Relation to other capacity units 8 Equivalents in cubic meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Volume in cubic inches 5 Equivalents in cubic meters, 1 to 999 units 40 Relation to other volume units 8 Reduction factors (see also separate tables) 1 Definition 3 Rod: Equivalents in meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Definition 4 Legal equivalents 2 Equivalents in meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Relation to other length units 8 Relation to other length units 8 Square: Rod, square: Definition 4 Definition 4 Equivalents in square meters, 1 to 9 units 12 Relation to other area units 8 Relation to other area units 8 U. 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