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A New Mountain Lizard from Montes De León (NW Iberian Peninsula): Iberolacerta Monticola Astur Ssp. Nov. (Squamata: Lacertidae)

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A New Mountain Lizard from Montes De León (NW Iberian Peninsula): Iberolacerta Monticola Astur Ssp. Nov. (Squamata: Lacertidae) Zootaxa 3796 (2): 201–236 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:94FBBDA9-8417-4605-AD49-A823D745BB8D A new mountain lizard from Montes de León (NW Iberian Peninsula): Iberolacerta monticola astur ssp. nov. (Squamata: Lacertidae) OSCAR J. ARRIBAS1,4, PEDRO GALÁN2, NÚRIA REMÓN3 & HORACIO NAVEIRA3 1Avda. Francisco Cambó 23, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 2Departamento de Bioloxía Animal, Bioloxía Vexetal e Ecoloxía, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain. E-mail: [email protected] 3Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, E-15071 A Coruña, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 4Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Iberolacerta populations from the Northern Montes de León (NML) were studied by means of external morphology (sca- lation and biometry), osteology and genetics (mtDNA and microsatellites), searching for their homogeneity (“intrazonal analysis”) and, once verified, comparing them with Iberolacerta monticola s. str. (from Central Cantabrian Mountains) and I. galani (from Southern Montes de León) (“extrazonal analysis”) from neighboring areas. Our “intrazonal analysis” revealed discordances between the different approaches, especially the patterns of variation of nuclear microsatellites (congruent with external morphology) and mtDNA, namely a very low nuclear differentiation between relatively highly differentiated mtDNA lineages. The morphological approach was unable to discriminate any of the populations as significantly different from the others in the NML. Mitochondrial DNA revealed a haplotype lineage closely related to I. galani (MNL-II in our text) in some specimens of Sierra de Villabandín and Suspirón, but these pop- ulations are morphologically indistinguishable from the main part of the other populations that belong to lineage NML-I, phylogenetically closer to I. monticola. After a separation from I. monticola ca. 1.8 Mya, the populations in this geograph- ic region must have suffered at least two different waves of gene flow from I. galani, the second one not much later than 0.5 Mya. Microsatellite results indicate that all the NML populations are genetically similar in terms of their nuclear ge- nomes, independently of their mitochondrial differentiation (NML-I vs. NML-II haplotype groups). Since all the morpho- logical and microsatellite evidences point towards the fact that, independently of the mitochondrial haplotypes that they bear (NML-I or NML-II), there is only one taxon in the area, we describe it as: Iberolacerta monticola astur ssp. nov. Concerning the relationships of I. m. astur ssp. nov. with I. monticola s. str. and I. galani (“extrazonal analysis”), in the female analyses the new taxon centroid is closer to I. monticola s. str. than to I. galani (more similarity with I. monti- cola s. str.), whereas in the male analyses the relationship is just the contrary (closer to I. galani, paralleling the direction of the hypothesized past hybridization). Moreover, in both sexes’ ANOVA, I. m. astur ssp. nov. results more similar (less P<0.05 differences) to I. galani than to I. monticola s. str. Osteologically, I. m. astur ssp. nov. is slightly more similar to I. monticola s. str. than to I. galani, especially in the squamosal bone, which is regularly arched (primitive shape). Genet- ically, as indicated above, the NML populations can be subdivided in two groups according to their mitochondrial DNA, namely NML-I (bearing clearly differentiated haplotypes, phylogenetically closer to I. monticola) and NML-II (whose haplotypes could have been mistaken for those of an I. galani population). This mitochondrial subdivision has at most a subtle nuclear correlate, however. According to the nuclear microsatellite markers, all the NML populations belong to a single group (I. m. astur ssp. nov.), which would be more similar to I. galani than to I monticola, with NML-II populations lying closer to I. galani than those from the NML-I group and, correspondingly, more distant from I. monticola. The dis- cordant phylogenetic signal of mitochondrial and nuclear markers is discussed in terms of past introgression events and sex-biases in phylopatry and dispersion in these species. Iberolacerta monticola astur ssp. nov., inhabits the Northern Montes de León (Sierra de Gistreo sensu latissimo): Gis- tredo, Catoute, Tambarón, Nevadín, Villabandín (or Macizo del Alto de la Cañada), Arcos del Agua (or Fernán Pérez), Tiendas and Suspirón, mainly in quartzite and slate rock substrates. Its current distribution, cornered in the NW of the Northern part of the Montes de León, suggests a possible competitive exclusion between this taxon and I. galani, as the galani haplotypes (NML-II) appear cornered in the most harsh and continental areas, speaking also about a, even in the past, very limited presence of this species in the area that probably was soon absorbed by I. m. astur ssp. nov. (with NML- Accepted by S. Carranza: 26 Mar. 2014; published: 19 May 2014 201 Concluding, it seems that the current main distribution area of I. m. astur ssp. nov. (especially the typical NML-I) gravitates around what was the divisory between watersheds in the past, later shifted to the East during the Quaternary. Eastern known limits of I. m. astur ssp. nov. do not pass away from Collado de Campo Lamoso (1500 m), which today is perfectly suitable for the species, but during the Pliocene and the main part of the Pleistocene, constituted a barrier across which the two northern immediate valleys drained to the southern slopes. The West- East continuity of this massif during the end of the Miocene was broken by changes in the drainage across this pass in the Pliocene (geological datation uncertain). Although nowadays the pass to the East (to the Filera Massif, 1879 m) is possible for Iberolacerta, the prospections in these drier limestone areas had been unfruitful. In the north of these Sierras, the species can reach up to Cascaros peak (1854 m), but this extreme has to be confirmed. Acknowledgements This research was partially supported by grants REN2003-02931 / GLO (Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, Spain), PGIDIT03RFO10301PR and PGIDIT06RFO10301PR (Xunta de Galicia, Spain), awarded to HN. Salvador Carranza (Barcelona, Spain) helped in several phases of the paper and Ricardo Ferreiro Sanjurjo (A Coruña, Spain) in fieldwork. Specimens from NML were captured under scientific capture permissions (2005–2011) nrs. EP/AV/LE/219/ 2005, 20061630024599 (21/06/2006), 20071670004130 17.06.07, EP/CYL/229/2008, CML/mjg/ase (Expdte: EP/ CYL/365/2009), EP/LE/404/210 (Expdte: 10_LE_146_ESP_Murias de Paredes_INV), 06.01.013.016/GVF/abp (Expdte: 11_LE_242_ESP_Murias de Paredes_INV) issued by Junta de Castilla y León to Oscar Arribas. References Alfonso-Gómez, A. (2003) 20 puntos de interés geológico por el Bierzo y su entorno geografico. 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In: Renema, W. (Ed.), Biogeography, Time and Place: Distributions, Barriers and Islands, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 365–401. Arribas, O. (1993a) Estatus especifico para Lacerta (Archaeolacerta) monticola bonnali Lantz, 1927 (Reptilia, Lacertidae). Boletin de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural Seccion Biológica, 90, 101–112. Arribas, O. (1993b) Intraspecific variability of Lacerta (Archaeolacerta) bonnali Lantz, 1927. (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae). Herpetozoa, 6, 129–140. Arribas, O. (1994) Una nueva especie de lagartija de los Pirineos Orientales: Lacerta (Archaeolacerta) aurelioi sp. nov. (Reptilia: Lacertidae). Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali Bollettino, 12, 327–351. Arribas, O. (1996) Taxonomic revision of the Iberian 'Archaeolacertae' 1.: a new interpretation of the geographical variation of 'Lacerta' monticola Boulenger, 1905 and 'Lacerta' cyreni Muller & Hellmich, 1937 (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae). Herpetozoa, 9, 31–56. Arribas, O.J. (1997) Morfología, filogenia y biogeografía de las lagartijas de alta montaña de los Pirineos. Ph. Dr. Thesis. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. (Bellaterra), 353 pp. [8 pp. & microfiche] Arribas, O. (1998) Osteology of the Pyrenean mountain lizards and comparison with other species of the collective genus Archaeolacerta Mertens, 1921 s. l. from Europe and Asia Minor. (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae.). Herpetozoa, 11, 47–70. Arribas, O.J. (1999) Phylogeny and relationships
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