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Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek: the Bedload Rivers

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Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek: the Bedload Rivers Lake Eyre Basin Rivers Monitoring Project Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek: The bedload rivers DEWNR Technical report 2015/51 Funding for these projects has been provided by the Australian Government through the Bioregional Assessment Programme. Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek: the Bedload Rivers Author 1 1Gresley A. Wakelin-King Wakelin Associates, 2015 DEWNR Technical report 2015/51 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources GPO Box 1047, Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone National (08) 8463 6946 International +61 8 8463 6946 Fax National (08) 8463 6999 International +61 8 8463 6999 Website www.environment.sa.gov.au Disclaimer The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources and its employees expressly disclaims all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. Information contained in this document is correct at the time of writing. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. © Crown in right of the State of South Australia, through the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources 2015 ISBN 978-1-925369-22-9 Preferred way to cite this publication: Wakelin-King, G.A., 2015. Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek: The Bedload Rivers. Report by Wakelin Associates to the South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Photo and image credits (except where otherwise noted in caption): Gresley Wakelin-King Download this document at: http://www.waterconnect.sa.gov.au Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek i Foreword The Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR) is responsible for the management of the State’s natural resources, ranging from policy leadership to on-ground delivery in consultation with government, industry and communities. High-quality science and effective monitoring provides the foundation for the successful management of our environment and natural resources. This is achieved through undertaking appropriate research, investigations, assessments, monitoring and evaluation. DEWNR’s strong partnerships with educational and research institutions, industries, government agencies, Natural Resources Management Boards and the community ensures that there is continual capacity building across the sector, and that the best skills and expertise are used to inform decision making. SANDY PITCHER CHIEF EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, WATER AND NATURAL RESOURCES Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek ii Author’s Acknowledgements The Lake Eyre Basin River Monitoring project was funded by the Australian Government through the Department of the Environment, and administered by the South Australian Department of Environment, Water, and Natural Resources. Tom Carrangis and Andy Harrison provided project management, and Dale McNeil shaped the study and its multidisciplinary team. Angus Duguid and Peter Jobson participated in joint fieldwork in the Finke River, and are thanked for sharing their botanical and ecological knowledge. Angus Duguid identified and provided access to the key mid-Finke waterholes, and defined particular lines of enquiry relevant to this study (the nature of banks, outcrop’s importance to waterholes, groundwater and salinity). Justin Costelloe is thanked for informative discussions on hydrologic and hydraulic modelling. I would like to thank the landholders at the following stations for permission to traverse their country: Henbury, New Crown, Wintinna, Welbourne Hill, and Arckaringa. I would like to thank Gordon Wakelin-King for assistance in the field. As always, the comments and discussions of the cross-discipline science teams are welcome and interesting, especially aquatic ecologists Dale McNeil and David Schmarr, and hydrologist Justin Costelloe. Martin Thoms is thanked for his review of the draft. Funding for these projects has been provided by the Australian Government through the Department of the Environment Office of Water Science. See www.bioregionalassessments.gov.au for further information. Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek iii Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. 6 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 12 1.1 About This Study ................................................................................................. 14 1.1.1 Methods ......................................................................................................... 17 1.2 Lake Eyre Basin Context ...................................................................................... 18 1.2.1 Geology and Groundwater Hydrology ........................................................... 18 1.2.2 Surface Hydrology and Palaeohydrology ...................................................... 20 2 Geomorphology: Finke River ....................................................................................... 23 2.1 Mid-Finke River .................................................................................................... 24 2.1.1 Description: Valley Setting ............................................................................ 24 2.1.2 Description: Valley-Scale Landforms ............................................................ 26 2.1.3 Description: Reach-Scale Geomorphology ................................................... 30 2.1.4 Description: Sediments and Depositional Bedforms ...................................... 38 2.1.5 Processes: Valley-Scale Landforms and Modern Hydrology ......................... 40 2.1.6 Processes: River Behaviour and Habitat ....................................................... 42 2.2 Lower Finke River ................................................................................................ 47 2.3 Finke River Floodout Complex ............................................................................. 48 2.3.1 Description: Valley setting ............................................................................. 51 2.3.2 Description: Valley-Scale Landforms ............................................................ 52 2.3.3 Description: Reach-Scale Geomorphology ................................................... 54 2.3.4 Description: Sediments, Depositional Bedforms, Vegetation ......................... 61 2.3.5 Processes: Valley-Scale Landforms and Modern Hydrology ......................... 62 2.3.6 Processes: River Behaviour and Habitat ....................................................... 64 3 Geomorphology: Arckaringa Creek .............................................................................. 66 3.1 Description: Valley Setting ................................................................................... 67 3.2 Description: Valley-Scale Landforms ................................................................... 71 3.3 Description: Reach-Scale Geomorphology .......................................................... 74 3.4 Description: Sediments and Depositional Bedforms ............................................. 79 3.5 Processes: Valley-Scale Landforms and Modern Hydrology ................................. 81 3.6 Processes: River Behaviour and Habitat .............................................................. 83 4 Key Fluvial Processes .................................................................................................. 87 4.1 Lake Eyre Basin Rivers ........................................................................................ 87 4.2 Mid- and Lower Finke River ................................................................................. 87 4.3 Finke Floodout Complex ...................................................................................... 90 4.4 Arckaringa Creek ................................................................................................. 91 5 Management and Habitat Implications ........................................................................ 93 5.1 Lake Eyre Basin Rivers ........................................................................................ 93 Geomorphology of Finke River and Arckaringa Creek 2 5.2 Mid- and lower Finke River .................................................................................. 98 5.3 Finke Floodout Complex .................................................................................... 101 5.4 Arckaringa Creek ............................................................................................... 102 6 Knowledge Gaps....................................................................................................... 104 Technical appendix ........................................................................................................... 108 A1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 108 A1.1 Methods: Spatial and Sedimentological ........................................................... 108 A1.2 Context: The Lake Eyre Basin .......................................................................
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