Hachinohe, Aomori
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Coordinates: 40°30′44.2″N 141°29′18.2″E Hachinohe, Aomori Hachinohe (八戸市 Hachinohe-shi) is a city located in Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Hachinohe As of 28 February 2017 , the city had an estimated population of 229,527 , and a 八戸市 2 [1] population density of 7 56 persons per km in 107 ,598 households. This makes Core city it the second biggest city of Aomori prefecture. The total area is 305.54 square kilometres (117 .97 sq mi). Contents History Geography Climate Neighbouring municipalities Demographics Government Economy Hachinohe City Hall Education Colleges and universities Primary and secondary education Transportation Railway Highway Flag Seal Seaports Local attractions Traditional handicrafts Local sights Local festivals National Historic Sites Other Sports Sister city relations Notable people from Hachinohe Other References External links History Location of Hachinohe in Aomori Prefecture The area around Hachinohe has been occupied since prehistoric times, and was a major population center for the Emishi people. Numerous Jōmon period remains have been discovered within the borders of Hachinohe. The area was nominally Hachinohe under control of the Northern Fujiwara in the Heian period, and became part of the holdings granted to the Nanbu clan after the defeat of the North Fujiwara by Minamoto no Y oritomo in the Kamakura period. The Nanbu established numerous horse ranches, accompanied by numbered fortified settlements. During the Edo period, it was initially part of Morioka Domain, but in 1664 the Tokugawa shogunate authorized the creation of a separate 20,000 koku Hachinohe Domain for a junior line of the Nanbu clan. The town prospered as a castle town centered on Hachinohe Castle, and served as a small commercial centre and port for the fishing grounds off southeastern Hokkaido. Today, the port still serves the fishing Coordinates: 40°30′44.2″N 141°29′18.2″E industry and a number of international cargo vessels. Country Japan Region Tōhoku After the Meiji Restoration, Hachinohe Domain was abolished, and replaced by Prefecture Aomori Prefecture Hachinohe Prefecture, which was subsequently merged into Aomori Prefecture. Government Initially, there was a debate as to whether the capital of newly formed Aomori • Mayor Makoto Kobayashi Prefecture should be at Hachinohe or Hirosaki; however, due to strong rivalry Area 305.54 km2 (117.97 sq mi) 2 between the former Nanbu domain and former Tsugaru Domain, the Meiji • Total 305.54 km (117.97 sq mi) government decided to build a new town called Aomori in a central location, and Population (February 28, 2017) to designate it as the capital of the prefecture. • Total 234,033 • Density 756/km2 (1,960/sq mi) Per the establishment of the Meiji period municipalities system on April 1, 1889, Time zone Japan Standard Time (UTC+9) the town of Hachinohe was created within Sannohe District. In 1901, it merged with neighboring Chōja, and on May 1, 1929, with neighboring Konakano, Minato City symbols - Tree Japanese yew and Same villages to form the city of Hachinohe. The city further expanded by - Flower Chrysanthemum annexing the village of Shimonaganawashiro in 1942, Korekawa in 1954, Ichikawa, - Bird Black-tailed gull Kaminaganawashiro, Tachi and Toyosaki in 1955 and Odate in 1958. Phone number 0178-43-2111 On March 31, 2005, the village of Nangō (from Sannohe District) was also merged Address 1-1-1 Uchimaru, Hachinohe-shi, into Hachinohe. Aomori-ken 031-8686 Website www.city.hachinohe.aomori.jp (h During the American occupation of Japan following World War II, a United States ttp://www.city.hachinohe.aomor Army base, Camp Haugen, was located in Hachinohe, and was the home of the i.jp/) Seventh Division. An Armed Forces Radio Service radio station was located on the base; it was known as AFRS Hachinohe. In 1950, after the North Korean invasion of South Korea, troops from Camp Haugen left for Korea. AFRS Hachinohe altered its broadcasts to include coverage of South Korea so Americans could benefit from its news and entertainment programs. With the final withdrawal of American forces from Hachinohe in 1956, the base was turned over to the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force and was officially re-designated JGSDF Camp Hachinohe.[2] In March 2011, the city was one of those hit by the 2011 Japanese tsunami. The tsunami tossed many huge fishing boats ashore and heavily damaged the port area. About 100 homes were Tanesashi Beach destroyed.[3] Divers from the United States Navy ship Safeguard joined with Japanese workers to help clear the port to facilitate the delivery of relief supplies via the city.[4] On January 1, 2017 , Hachinohe was given core city status.[5] Geography Hachinohe is located in the flatlands on the southeast coast of Aomori Prefecture, facing the Pacific Ocean. Both the Oirase River and the Mabechi River flow through Hachinohe. A portion of the coastal areas of the city were within the borders of the Tanesashi Kaigan Hashikamidake Prefectural Natural Park, which was incorporated into the Sanriku Fukkō National Park in 2013.[6][7] Climate Hachinohe has a climate on the southern periphery of the humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) that borders on both an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) and humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Summers are considerably milder than in other parts of Honshu because the city is very close to the open sea, whilst winters if distinctly cold are much less snowy than in Aomori city or Sapporo or Wakkanai, although snowfall is higher than in Kushiro.The average annual temperature in Hachinohe is 9.9 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1165 mm with September as the wettest month.The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 22.7 °C, and lowest in January, at around -1.9 °C.[8] Climate data for Hachinohe (1981–2010) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high 2.6 3.2 7.0 13.7 18.3 20.6 24.3 26.5 23.1 17.9 11.6 5.5 14.5 °C (°F) (36.7) (37.8) (44.6) (56.7) (64.9) (69.1) (75.7) (79.7) (73.6) (64.2) (52.9) (41.9) (58.1) Daily mean −0.9 −0.5 2.7 8.5 13.1 16.2 20.1 22.5 18.9 13.0 6.9 1.8 10.2 °C (°F) (30.4) (31.1) (36.9) (47.3) (55.6) (61.2) (68.2) (72.5) (66) (55.4) (44.4) (35.2) (50.4) Average low −4.2 −4 −1.3 3.8 8.7 12.8 17.1 19.3 15.2 8.5 2.6 −1.6 6.4 °C (°F) (24.4) (25) (29.7) (38.8) (47.7) (55) (62.8) (66.7) (59.4) (47.3) (36.7) (29.1) (43.5) Average 42.8 40.1 52.0 64.3 89.3 105.8 136.1 128.8 167.6 87.2 62.0 49.1 1,025.1 precipitation (1.685) (1.579) (2.047) (2.531) (3.516) (4.165) (5.358) (5.071) (6.598) (3.433) (2.441) (1.933) (40.357) mm (inches) Average 77 75 47 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 40 248 snowfall cm (30.3) (29.5) (18.5) (1.2) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (2.4) (15.7) (97.6) (inches) Average relative 70 70 67 65 71 81 83 82 79 73 70 70 73 humidity (%) Mean monthly 130.8 129.6 168.1 188.9 197.0 167.7 148.5 167.1 143.6 161.3 133.3 124.5 1,860.4 sunshine hours Source: Japan Meteorological Agency (http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/monthly_s3_en.php?block_no=47581&view=2) Neighbouring municipalities Aomori Prefecture Sannohe District Hashikami Gonohe Nanbu Kamikita District Oirase Iwate Prefecture Karumai Demographics Per Japanese census data:[9] Census Year Population 1970 216,955 1980 245,617 1990 247,983 2000 248,608 2010 237,473 Government Hachinohe has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature of 32 members. Economy Hachinohe is the largest city in eastern Aomori Prefecture, and serves as the regional industrial and commercial center. Commercial fishing still plays a major role in the local economy, with Hachinohe port having one of the largest volumes of landed fish in Japan. However, since its designation as a new industrial city in 1964, Hachinohe has developed a large coastal industrial belt with a diverse range of chemical, steel, cement and fertilizer products. Major industrial parks include the Hachinohe High Tech Park and Hachinohe North-Interchange Industrial Complex. Hachinohe Port is a major international port for northern Japan. Education Colleges and universities Hachinohe Gakuin University Hachinohe Institute of Technology Hachinohe Gakuin Junior College Primary and secondary education Hachinohe has 43 public elementary schools and 24 public junior high schools operated by the city government, and one private middle school. The city has eight public high schools operated by the Aomori Prefectural Board of Education, and one public high school operated by the national government. There are also eight private high schools. The city also has three special education schools.[10] Transportation Railway East Japan Railway Company - Tōhoku Shinkansen Hachinohe East Japan Railway Company - Hachinohe Line Hachinohe - Naganawashiro - Hon-Hachinohe - Konakano, Mutsu-Minato - Shirogane - Same - Mutsu-Shirahama - Tanesashi-Kaigan - Ōkuki - Kanehama Aoimori Railway - Aoimori Railway Line Kita-Takaiwa - Hachinohe - Mutsu-Ichikawa Hachinohe Rinkai Railway (freight only) Highway Hachinohe Expressway Momoishi Road National Route 45 National Route 104 National Route 340 National Route 454 Seaports Port of Hachinohe Local attractions Traditional handicrafts Yawata-uma, a wooden horse with gold saddle markings and a decorative plume attached to its head.