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Oracle9i Database Administrator's Guide

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Oracle9i Database Administrator's Guide Oracle9i Database Administrator’s Guide Release 2 (9.2) March 2002 Part No. A96521-01 Oracle9i Database Administrator’s Guide, Release 2 (9.2) Part No. A96521-01 Copyright © 2001, 2002 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. Primary Author: Ruth Baylis Contributing Authors: Kathy Rich Graphic Designer: Valarie Moore Contributors: Lance Ashdown, Allen Brumm, Michele Cyran, Mary Ann Davidson, Harvey Eneman, Amit Ganesh, Carolyn Gray, Wei Huang, Robert Jenkins, Mark Kennedy, Sushil Kumar, Bill Lee, Yunrui Li, Diana Lorentz, Sujatha Muthulingam, Gary Ngai, Waleed Ojeil, Lois Price, Ananth Raghavan, Ann Rhee, Rajiv Sinha, Jags Srinivasan, Anh-Tuan Tran, Deborah Steiner, Janet Stern, Michael Stewart, Alex Tsukerman, Kothanda Umamageswaran, Steven Wertheimer, Daniel Wong The Programs (which include both the software and documentation) contain proprietary information of Oracle Corporation; they are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are also protected by copyright, patent and other intellectual and industrial property laws. Reverse engineering, disassembly or decompilation of the Programs, except to the extent required to obtain interoperability with other independently created software or as specified by law, is prohibited. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. If you find any problems in the documentation, please report them to us in writing. Oracle Corporation does not warrant that this document is error-free. Except as may be expressly permitted in your license agreement for these Programs, no part of these Programs may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express written permission of Oracle Corporation. If the Programs are delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing or using the programs on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: Restricted Rights Notice Programs delivered subject to the DOD FAR Supplement are "commercial computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs, including documentation, shall be subject to the licensing restrictions set forth in the applicable Oracle license agreement. Otherwise, Programs delivered subject to the Federal Acquisition Regulations are "restricted computer software" and use, duplication, and disclosure of the Programs shall be subject to the restrictions in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights (June, 1987). Oracle Corporation, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. The Programs are not intended for use in any nuclear, aviation, mass transit, medical, or other inherently dangerous applications. It shall be the licensee's responsibility to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure the safe use of such applications if the Programs are used for such purposes, and Oracle Corporation disclaims liability for any damages caused by such use of the Programs. Oracle is a registered trademark, and Oracle9i, Oracle8i, Oracle8, Oracle7, Oracle Names, Oracle Store, Oracle Transparent Gateway, PL/SQL, SQL*Net, and SQL*Plus are trademarks or registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Contents Send Us Your Comments ............................................................................................................... xxxi Preface...................................................................................................................................................... xxxiii What’s New in Oracle9i? ................................................................................................................. xlvii Part I Basic Database Administration 1 The Oracle Database Administrator Types of Oracle Users......................................................................................................................... 1-2 Database Administrators............................................................................................................. 1-2 Security Officers............................................................................................................................ 1-3 Network Administrators ............................................................................................................. 1-3 Application Developers............................................................................................................... 1-3 Application Administrators........................................................................................................ 1-4 Database Users.............................................................................................................................. 1-4 Tasks of a Database Administrator ................................................................................................. 1-4 Task 1: Evaluate the Database Server Hardware..................................................................... 1-5 Task 2: Install the Oracle Software............................................................................................. 1-5 Task 3: Plan the Database ............................................................................................................ 1-5 Task 4: Create and Open the Database...................................................................................... 1-6 Task 5: Back Up the Database..................................................................................................... 1-7 Task 6: Enroll System Users ........................................................................................................ 1-7 Task 7: Implement the Database Design ................................................................................... 1-7 iii Task 8: Back Up the Fully Functional Database ....................................................................... 1-7 Task 9: Tune Database Performance .......................................................................................... 1-8 Identifying Your Oracle Database Software Release................................................................... 1-8 Release Number Format .............................................................................................................. 1-8 Checking Your Current Release Number ............................................................................... 1-10 Database Administrator Security and Privileges ....................................................................... 1-10 The Database Administrator’s Operating System Account ................................................. 1-10 Database Administrator Usernames........................................................................................ 1-11 Database Administrator Authentication ...................................................................................... 1-13 Administrative Privileges.......................................................................................................... 1-13 Selecting an Authentication Method ....................................................................................... 1-15 Using Operating System (OS) Authentication ....................................................................... 1-17 Using Password File Authentication ....................................................................................... 1-18 Creating and Maintaining a Password File.................................................................................. 1-20 Using ORAPWD ......................................................................................................................... 1-20 Setting REMOTE_LOGIN_ PASSWORDFILE........................................................................ 1-22 Adding Users to a Password File ............................................................................................. 1-23 Maintaining a Password File..................................................................................................... 1-24 Database Administrator Utilities................................................................................................... 1-26 SQL*Loader ................................................................................................................................. 1-26 Export and Import ...................................................................................................................... 1-26 2 Creating an Oracle Database Considerations Before Creating a Database .................................................................................. 2-2 Planning for Database Creation.................................................................................................. 2-2 Meeting Creation Prerequisites .................................................................................................. 2-4 Deciding How to Create an Oracle Database ........................................................................... 2-4 Using the Database Configuration Assistant................................................................................. 2-5 Advantages of Using DBCA ....................................................................................................... 2-6 Creating a Database Using DBCA.............................................................................................. 2-7 Configuring Database Options ..................................................................................................
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