What is tourism?

Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four (24) hours and not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited."[1]

Progress of economy

In 2008, there were over 922 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007. In 2009, international tourists arrivals fell to 880 million, representing a worldwide decline of 4% as compared to 2008. The region most affected was Europe with a 6% decline.[4]

The World Tourism Organization reports the following ten countries as the most visited from 2006 to 2009 by the number of international travellers. When compared to 2006, Ukraine entered the top ten list, surpassing , Austria and Mexico,[3] and in 2008, surpassed Germany.[11] In 2008, the U.S. displaced Spain from the second place. Most of the top visited countries continue to be on the European continent, followed by a growing number of Asian countries.

In 2009, Malaysia made it into the top 10 most visited countries' list. Malaysia secured the ninth position, just below Turkey and Germany. In 2008, Malaysia was in 11th position. Both Turkey and Germany climbed one rank in arrivals, occupying seventh and eighth positions respectively, while France continued to lead the ranks in terms of tourist arrivals.[12]

International International International International UNWTO Rank tourist tourist tourist tourist Country Regional arrivals arrivals arrivals arrivals Market (2009)[13] (2008)[12] (2007)[12] (2006)[12]

1 France Europe 74.2 million 79.2 million 80.9 million 77.9 million

United North 2 54.9 million 57.9 million 56.0 million 51.0 million States America

3 Spain Europe 52.2 million 57.2 million 58.7 million 58.0 million

4 China Asia 50.9 million 53.0 million 54.7 million 49.9 million 5 Italy Europe 43.2 million 42.7 million 43.7 million 41.1 million

United 6 Europe 28.0 million 30.1 million 30.9 million 30.7 million Kingdom

7 Turkey Europe 25.5 million 25.0 million 22.2 million 18.9 million

8 Germany Europe 24.2 million 24.9 million 24.4 million 23.6 million

9 Malaysia Asia 23.6 million 22.1 million 21.0 million 17.5 million

North 10 Mexico 21.5 million 22.6 million 21.4 million 21.4 million America

climate Types of tourism Infrastructure The tourism development program (2006-11) ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɴɟɡɞ Visa-free travels between Chukotka and Alaska

Tourism / About tourism map Types of tourism

1. Water tourism Rivers There is no better way to get to know nature of the Okrug than to travel along water arteries of the Chukotka inner territory, which is very rich in rivers. Doing down the rivers on canoes or rubber boats is possible only during high water season (July-August) - during the rest of the year the rivers are either frozen or shallow and therefore impassable. The most popular routes are:

1. along the Amguema River, from source to 168th km of the Egvekinot-Yioultin Road (310 km); 2. along the Chantalveergyn River (150 km); 3. along the Pegtymel River (there you can see rocks with petroglyphs); 4. along the Ekittyki River and lake (94 km); 5. along the River, from Markovo Village to the river mouth (300 km). Length of the routes and direction may be varied at tourists¶ request. You can rent motor boats in Anadyr and in the settlements of Markovo, Ust-Belaya (the Anadyr River), Amguema (the Amguema River) and Egvekinot (the Cross Bay).

Sea Coasts of the Chukchi Sea and Providence Bay every year see cruise ships with American, Canadian and Russian tourists. Such tours are arranged by both American and British tourist companies (³Circumpolar Expeditions´, ³Supernova Expedition LTD´), and Kamchatka travel agencies (³Pacific Network´). These tours ordinarily include visiting unique natural, historical and cultural sights of the region: the Whale Alley on Yttygran Island, Lorinski hot springs, ethnographic museums on Nunyamo and Dezhnev Capes, numerous folk villages. Sea cruises along the Anadyr and Bering Districts shores gain more and more popularity. Tourists coming to the district center Anadyr in summer can go on a motor boat excursion into the Onemen Bay, to the and Anadyr estuaries and to the mouths of the Anadyr and Velikaya Rivers.

2. Hunting and fishing Hunting The Okrug is rich in game-preserves inhabited with many hunting species, among which are:

1. elk, 2. wild reindeer, 3. brown bear, 4. sable, 5. lynx, 6. wolf, 7. glutton, 8. ermine, 9. fox, 10. polar fox, 11. mink, 12. otter, 13. squirrel, 14. lepus, 15. musk-rat, 16. wild goose, 17. wood grouse, 18. willow and tundra grouse, 19. 10 species of duck.

It is prohibited to hunt for polar bear, snow ram, weasel, black-capper marmot, swan, white goose, emperor goose, brent-goose, eider-ducks of all species, mallard, killer whale, shoveler, harlequin duck, teal, sand hill crane, seagulls of all species, cormorant, day birds of prey, owl, woodpecker, cuckoo, song-birds and other birds of use.

Fishing About 40 species of fish inhabit fresh-water basins of the Chukotka Peninsular, half of these fishes are suitable for commercial fishery. These are first of all salmon fishes: Siberian salmon, red salmon, humpback salmon, silver salmon and quinnat salmon. Siberian salmon from the Anadyr estuary rivers and red salmon from the Mainypylgin Lake and river system are main fishes of salmon fishery. The Chukotka Okrug has got large fresh-water fish resources, especially it is rich in whitefishes: broad whitefish, vendace, round whitefish, peled (in the Kolyma River basin). Apart from whitefish, marketable are grayling, rainbow herring, pike, burbot, bull-trout and loach. Every year in April on the ice of the Anadyr estuary ice-fishing competition takes place, it is called the ³Korfest´ - ³Smelt Festival´ (last Sunday in April)

3. Scientific tourism The Chukotka Peninsular is often visited by scientists, both Russian and foreign, working in different spheres of science. The Okrug is a popular place for research expeditions and conferences devoted to issues of constant and stable development of the territory. Reindeer-breeders¶ camps in the Schmidt and Yioultin Districts where traditional way of life is preserved and coastal settlements of sea-hunters always attract ethnographers and linguists studying people of the Extreme North. Most of more than 500 archeological sights of the Okrug are still very little studied. Ornithologists often come to Chukotka, as more than 220 bird species live here. Routine research work is performed by ichthyologist and other researchers of biological resources of the sea.

4. Extreme tourism The Chukotka Peninsular is mainly a mountainous area with low and medium mountain relief. So in summer it suits for hitchhiking and bicycle mountaineering of different degrees of complexity. In winter on its bold peak slopes Alpine-skiing and snowboarding tracks can be routed. Severe climate conditions, landscape variety and detachment from civilization are perfect requisites for such kinds of tourism, as:

1. rafting, kayaking and suchlike activities 2. Jeep-tours 3. tundra-roaming with reindeer-breeders 4. participation in a sea hunt 5. traditional forms of nomadic roaming ± in dogs and deer ledges 6. walking tours 7. bicycle tours

Devoted extreme travelers consider Chukotka to be one of the most difficult and interesting regions on the planet.

Rely on tourism

Most areas of the world rely on tourism in some form or another....according to the World Tourism Organization (see link) France, Spain & the United States.are the top three tourist destinations.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/world_touri...Smaller countries such as Aruba, Peurto Rico and Vietnam are going to rely more heavily on the tourist dollar to help their economies.http://www.ap.buffalo.edu/courses/pd592f...

Alice springs in Austaralia, they are miles from anyone, and ayers rock and the olgas are major world attractions and depend heavily on tourism, as what would alice springs be without them?

Tropical islands such as Hawaii and those countries affected by the tsunami in southern asia. If you need info use an encylopedia.

Indian tourism

Indian Tourism Industry

Tourism in India has grown up very much during the last decades. It gives the second highest net foreign exchange earnings to our economy. Foreign tourist arrivals are at 2.64 millions during 2000. Domestic tourism helps to understand various cultures and experience national integration among the citizens.

Apart from the higher class people the middle class has emerged as a powerful source for the development of domestic tourism. Around 1.50 million domestic tourists have made a trip outside their places.

The ninth five year plan gives importance to development of infrastructure, development of resorts and sports, exploring new source markets in region and countries having culture affinity, environmental protection and culture preservation of national heritage projects, launching of national image buildings and marketing plans, providing inexpensive accommodation in different tourist centers, streaming of facilitation procedures at airports, human resource development, creating awareness and facilitating private sector participation in development of infrastructure. Tourism Industry derives institutional support from Department of Tourism, Indian Development of Tourism Corporation, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Institute of Hotel Management & Catering Technology, and National Institute of Water Sports have been set up to promote tourism industry

Need of tourism Tourism provides the second highest net foreign exchange earnings to our economy. It is estimated that, by 2010, this industry will create 7 million new jobs, may contribute Rs.1,30,000 crore in capital investment and may have 7% share in GDP.

India, is a country which has everything for everyone for all seasons. But, the present situation of tourism industry is not up to the mark.

This paper aims to throw light on the importance of this area, the challenges and opportunities that awaits to make the customer satisfied and to lift the economy of the country.

PROMOTION OF TOURISM (CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITES FOR INDIA)

Tourism ± An Introduction

Tourism is one of the largest & important industry which is useful for the development of a nation. It occupies 11% of the world's GDP and may create 7 million new jobs by the year 2010. $595 billions have been generated by the international tourism industry in 2000.

Indian Tourism industry

Tourism in India has grown very much during the last decades. It gives the second highest net foreign exchange earnings to our economy. Foreign tourist arrivals are at 2.64 millions during 2000. Domestic tourism helps to understand various cultures and to experience national integration among the citizens

Apart from the higher class people, the middle class has emerged as a powerful source for the development of domestic tourism. Around 1.50 million domestic tourists have made a trip outside their places.

Ninth five year plan

It gives importance to

* Development of infrastructure * Development of trekking, winter sports, wildlife and beach resorts * Exploring new source markets in region and countries having cultural affinity * Environmental protection and cultural preservation of national heritage projects * Launching of national image buildings and marketing plans * Providing inexpensive accommodation in different tourist centers * Streaming of facilitation procedures at airports * Human resource development * Creating awareness * Facilitating private sector participation in development of infrastructure

Organizations

1. Department of Tourism (Under the Minister of Civil Aviation & tourism)

It formulates and implements the polices and program for tourism development. It attracts foreign tourist by developing infrastructure, publicity and promotion, travel agencies, etc. It as 21 filed officers in India providing facilitation services. 18 officers are functions in overseas countries to attract tourist to India with Air India it makes joint promotional effects in US, UK, Europe, Australia and other countries.

2. India tourism development corporation (ITDC)

It is a public sector units established in 1966. It is involved in construction, management and marketing of hotels restaurants, etc. Tourist transport facilities, production, distribution and seal of tourist published materials, providing entertainment facilities, etc. are some of the services rendered by ITDC

3. Indian institution of Tourism and Travel management

It is an autonomous body to educate tourism and travel management for tourism personnel. It also organises entrepreneurship development programs, seminar, workshops, etc.

4. Institutes of Hotel Management & Catering Technology

It offers various degree/diploma courses relating to Hotel Management, nutrition, etc at various parts of the country.

5. National Institute of water sports

It is set up in Goa and conducts courses like sailing, scuba diving, water skiing, etc.

Need for attention

The average global growth of the industry is 5% but the tourist traffic share of India is static at 0.38%.

Neighbouring countries have utilised the opportunity for their growth.

Due to the effect of Sepember 11 attack in Asia-pacific region, there was a loss of 4.4 million jobs. Also, there was 5.7% loss in tourism demands.

Awaiting opportunities for India

India is distinct in having

* Ancient Civilization * Natural landscape * Traditions * Music, dance * Religious practices * Exclusive festivals * Art & Craft

Focus of the international travellor is shifting from developed regions to the developing regions.

Challenges to be faced

* Many of the tourist site environments are unhealthy * Facilities and services are poor in many sites * There exists inadequate transportation to reach and continue the journey * Infrastructure facility is very poor * There is limited availability of tourism information at limited places * There are regional conflicts due to which tourism is getting affected in some areas * There is a lack of adequate security in some areas of the country which makes the tourists feel insecure

Overcoming challenges

* ITDC have to be enriched so that it can provide adequate facilities at tourist sites like good environment, tourism information, etc.

* Present modes of transports are getting strengthened. However, the reaching tourist spots from the nearby town/city is still a dificult one. Special attention has to be paid by the Department of tourism so that its recommendation has to be implemented by the Governemnt at the earliest.

* The Central and state Governments, must have special attention and invest in large to develop the infrastructure for utilising the tourist spots.

* Tourism information must be updated often. The websites must give enriched informations with catchy phrases. Specific toll free numbers can be used for easy access of information by tourists

* The Government must take action to solve security problems and regional conflicts.

* Liberalising the visa norms can be made so that more number of tourists can arrive and stay for more days.

* Involvement of private sector in the field can be made to serve the tourists better

* Investment in HRD programmes relating to travel & tourism industry can help to promote it better

* There can be focussed promotion of various places to get attention of the travellers by using aids like short films, photographs, etc.

* Clearly planned, focussed tour packages can be introduced which may attract the travellers

Conclusion

It is clear that there is a wide scope for underdeveloped countries like India to promote tourism. If India overcomes the challenges by enriching its present strategies, it will emerge as a best tourist spot and will yield maximum foreign exchange to our country.

Scope of tourism

The importance of foreign exchange earnings for a country like India need not be overemphasized. Notably, tourism was the largest foreign exchange earner for India since the year 1984. The place of international tourism vis-à-vis other µexports¶ from India has shown remarkable increase during the last few years.

Thus, the vastness of our market, the diversity of our products and above all, the financial reward gained have made the tourism sector and its related industries as one of the major economic activities and the most important source of foreign exchange earnings for India. The trend of positive growth in tourism in India and particularly in a state like Kerala in the last few years is laudable.

Thus, there has been a steep rising trend in foreign exchange earnings during the period 1973-74 to 1983-84, except for the year 1981-82, because of a µseries of internal disturbances¶, political problems in some of the neighboring countries and the introduction of visa restrictions on foreign tourists of all nationalities. Since most of the foreign tourists come from the developed countries and since the transactions were in hard currency, more concerted efforts have to be made to attract tourist to reduce the foreign exchange crisis in near future. However, after the liberalization of the Indian economy, things have changed a lot. When traveling to EDITADO packages offer much to explore within a short span of time.

The availability of foreign exchange, will, however, be reduced by the imports of goods and services to be supplied to the foreign tourists. On many occasions, the receiving country itself is unable to provide the necessary goods to the tourist because of the shortage of certain essential amenities. Since the foreign tourists have sophisticated demands, the backward countries find it difficult to provide the needed facilities. The net receipts of foreign exchange from the tourist would be partly decided by the µterm in trade¶, i.e., the prices paid in India by the tourists and the prices for the imported goods and services charged on the foreign tourists. The terms of trade relating to tourists are generally in favor of the receiving country and the necessity of import declines rapidly thereafter.