Volume VI Number 4 March 1978 ISSN:0091-3995 Sex Information and Education Council of the U.S.

HOW WE GUARANTEE THE INEFFECTIVENESS OF SEX EDUCATION

Peter Scales, Ph.D. Public Affairs Director National Organization for Non-Parents Baltimore, Maryland

Opposition to sex education has been fueled by two beliefs: authors stated that “studies do not indicate that children who one is that knowledge stimulates irresponsible sexual be- receive detailed sexual instruction from their parents arrive at havior, and the other is that, in any case, sex education does any better long-term sexual adaptation than children who not promote responsible behavior. It has become almost receive their instruction from other sources” (Fisher & fashionable to mock sex education. Many professionals have Fisher, 1976). Our review of the literature has consistently added legitimacy to the controversy by simply reporting, indicated, however, that children whose parents talk to them without deeper analysis, that there are “insignificant” differ- about sexuality do in fact tend to delay their first intercourse ences in sexual and contraceptive behavior between those longer than children whose parents avoid sexuality-and who have taken a sex education course and those who have these children tend to use contraception when they do have not. The missing information of course, is whether the class intercourse. was interesting or boring; whether the teacher was Direct relationships between “sex education” and mea- adequately trained; whether the class was a comprehensive, sures of responsible sexuality are rarely observed, however, semester-long treatment or a single, hurried lecture; because our approach as a society to preparing youth to deal whether students were stimulated to think about how they with sexuality has been based on guilt, innuendo, and at communicate with their partners about sex or whether only times outright denial that young people are sexual: “We offer the “facts” were presented; etc. religions thick with the dust of a past era, parental counsel The argument that knowledge stimulates sexual “ex- that is vague, timid, false, irrelevant, or negligible, and teachers perimentation” has led to an effort to keep youth ignorant who, on the subject of contraception, are silenced by rule of about love and sex. In New York, for instance, a state senator law” (Konner, 1977). Michigan, for instance, requires sex objected to our distributing the comic book Ten Heavy Facts education in the school but, until late 1977, also expressly About Sex (Gordon, 1971) at the state fair. His reason? The forbade teaching contraception (Scales, 1977). book would put ideas into the minds of young people who Sometimes our peculiar notions of cause and effect did not have the “ideas” already. In another case, magazines block understanding of the effects of sex education. For such as Playgirl, Viva, and Penthouse are made more titillating instance, “social studies” is rarely charged with having nega- by being displayed with the front cover diagonally folded tive or undesirable effects, while sex education is frequently back to hide the offending breasts or pubic hairs. In Tallahas- charged with stimulating “promiscuity.” Such charges lead see, a local minister who had read that 984 out of 1000 us to bend over backward to demonstrate the positive value unmarried girls had “committed fornication” while rock of sex education. From this defensive posture, we often ask music was playing began collecting and destroying such for direct, causal relationships between sex education and records in order to “protect the moral decency of youth” “quality of life” that we would not dream of asking social (Cvetkovich & Grote, 1976). studies to demonstrate. Apparently, we are not doing too A New York Times article (Powledge, 1977) questioned well with social studies either: last year the National Assess- whether sex education has any effects, stating that “no one ment of Educational Progress reported that nearly half of the has the slightest idea of what the effects of sex education are, nation’s 17-year-olds do not know that each state has two or can be.” In that one sentence, the author managed to senators (NAEP, 1977)! dismiss a volume of research so vast that it has taken nearly a We have reached the following tentative conclusions year to review it and reach some tentative conclusions (Scales from our review of the research: & Gordon, 1978). The most recent nationally representative study of teenage women in the U.S. also concluded that the 1. People do not become more predictably “liberal” or “transfer of knowledge in formal settings may be likened to “permissive” in their attitudes after being in a sex carrying water in a basket” (Zelnik & Kantner, 1977). In education course-they do seem to become more another book that supposedly contained the most up-to-date accepting of other people’s behaviors, even if they “advice,” based on modern research about childrearing, the would not engage in the behaviors themselves. 2. Knowledge about sexuality is not associated with sex is on the pill, what does he do if he thinks she is not telling crime, or with significant changes in the frequency or the truth? How can a woman recognize and respond when variety of a person’s sexual behavior-in fact, people she is being used? who commit sex crimes are likely to have had “child- Our discomfort over sexuality has led to a sexual revolu- hood experiences which encourage sexual repression tion based on the myth of the normal outlet-isn’t it abnor- and inhibition of sexual curiosity” (U.S. Commission mal for adults to masturbate? isn’t it abnormal to go too long on Obscenity and Pornography, 1970). Research without sex?-or a new myth of normality, isn’t it abnormal to shows that a person who does not like oral sex want only one sexual relationship at a time? Sex education enough to engage in it is unlikely to change that needs to communicate that there is no particular range of frequency, and a person who has frequent inter- behavior people need to strive for in order to be “normal.” course is unlikely to change that behavior. We need to talk more about the possible feelings be- tween partners, feelings that can range from near disregard 3. In all areas of the world, the highest fertility is as- to passionate devotion, and are often an ambivalent combi- sociated with low levels of education, inadequate nation somewhere in-between. Our sex education needs to knowledge about conception and contraception, and expose and work toward eliminating destructive sex roles. an inferior status for women. In the United States, Most men are still taught to be opportunistic about sex and several studies have demonstrated that racial differ- most women are told to be skeptical. For instance, we ences in unwanted fertility tend to be erased as studied 165 college students’ views on virginity. We found educational differences are narrowed. that nearly everyone had some fears about their first sexual 4. Young people who talk with their parents about intercourse, but that men worried significantly more about sexuality, and who expect positive reactions from how they would perform and women significantly more their parents rather than arbitrary strong disapproval about whether they were doing the “right” thing (Buder, of “premarital” sex, are much more likely to use Scales, & Sherman, 1977). We need to overcome the fact that contraception than those whose parents react nega- no one has prepared young people to communicate accu- tively at discussion of sexuality and who strongly rately and honestly about sex, with the result that over a third disapprove of premarital sex. of 400 students we surveyed (Gordon & Scales, 1977) said that the first time or two they have sex with someone, it “just 5. Young people who accept their sexuality are more seems to happen without talking.” For some, the momentum likely to use contraception than those who are guilty of a particular sexual situation is safely part of the pleasure, about or fearful of expressing themselves sexually. but for those who are not sure whether they want to have sex with a particular partner, or who are unprotected against While there is also evidence that education can help reduce pregnancy and V.D., the momentum might better have been venereal disease, research designs have as yet been in- adequate to distinguish an actual increase in incidence from an increased use of treatment centers due to a successful education program.

Although we have noted these effects, education is no panacea. Several studies show that “knowledge” about sex (often limited in these studies to a single item on timing of SEE3JS REPORT the “fertile” period) is not related to avoiding venereal Volume VI. Number 4 March 1978 disease and unwanted pregnancy. More importantly, espe- cially in the youngest age groups, we have not counteracted the myths which make it difficult for even somewhat knowl- The S/ECUS Report is published bi-monthly. Subscriptions edgeable young people to behave responsibly. We cannot are sold on a volume basis only, with volumes beginning in September. get results from sex education if young people are ad- Subscription rates: Individual, $10.00 for one year; Canadian monished to be responsible but also taught to feel guilty and and foreign, f5. Institutional, $18.00; Canadian and foreign, secretive about their sexual feelings and experiences. The f9. Single copies of any issue, $1.50. results of our failure are obvious: the V.D. rate is increasing Queries about subscriptions and delivery should be sent to most rapidly among II- to 14-year-olds, and the birth rate for Human Sciences Press, 72 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10011 teens 15-17 has risen 2% in the last ten years, as compared to (overseas office: 3 Henrietta Street, London, England WC2E a drop of over 25% in all other age groups. 8LU). Editorial queries should be sent to SIECUS at the address below. Our society still recoils at the notion of young people S/ECUS Report is available on microfilm from University having sexual experiences, or even sexual thoughts, and so Microfilms, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. we have failed to provide the education they really need. Editor-Mary S. Calderone, M.D. Even a basic grounding in facts is lacking-only six states and Associate Editor-Frederick E. Bidgood, M.A. the District of Columbia require some type of “sex educa- Copyright @ 1978 by The Sex Information and Education tion” (Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1976). More important than Council of the U.S., Inc., 137-155 North Franklin, Hempstead, the facts, however, are answers to questions such as: How NY 11550. does a young lover put on a condom without destroying the Library of Congress catalog card number 72-627361 sensitivity and excitement of the moment? How does a young No part of the S/ECUS Report may be reproduced in any form person take precautions against V.D. without leaving the without written permission from the SIECUS Publications partner feeling as if he or she is diseased? If a young male Office. asks his partner if she is using anything, and she says that she

2 SIECUS Report, March 1978 stopped. Improving communication also entails exposing break down myths of “normal” sexuality and neat sex-role “lines” that men have used for years and helping women to differences, make it difficult for young people to use sexual admit it when someone really does not care about them health care services, and comfort ourselves with the destruc- (Gordon, 1978). tive notion that “ignorance is bliss.” Try telling that to a But even if we provide this kind of education, we still 15year-old mother. need to make services more accessible. Only half of sexually References experienced teenage women are thought to have access to a Alan Cuttmacher Institute. 71 Million Teenagers. New York: Planned clinic or physician, and it seems that men are ignored by Parenthood Federation of America, 1976. nearly all sexual health care providers. Except for the phar- Buder, J., Scales, P., & Sherman, L. “Virgins May Be Vanishing, But macist and the advertising of most magazines “for men,” the Double Standard Persists.” Unpublished manuscript, 1977. men are neglected-and even many pharmacists do not put Cvetkovich, G., & Crote, B. “Psychosocial Development and the Social Problem of Teenage Illegitimacy.” Paper presented at the up condom displays because they fear a negative “commu- Conference on the Determinants of Adolescent Pregnancy and nity” reaction. Some young people do not use clinics be- Childbearing, Washington, D.C., May 1976. cause they believe, accurately in many cases, that their Fisher, S., & Fisher, R. L. What We Really Know About Childrearing. confidentiality will not be protected. In a study of 40 clinics in New York: Basic Books, 1976. Gordon, S. If You loved Me, You Would New York: Bantam eight major U.S. cities, it was found that “fear of parents Books, 1978. finding out” was the main reason teenagers gave for not Gordon, S. Ten Heavy Facts About Sex. Syracuse, N.Y.: Ed-U Press, using clinics (Urban and Rural Systems Associates, 1976). 1971. Clinics also frequently neglect to treat sexual problems Gordon, S., & Scales, P. Unpublished data, collected 1977. socially as well as medically. In one of our participant-ob- Konner, M. J. “Adolescent Pregnancy.” New York Times, September 24, 1977. servation studies, a college woman found that no questions Moore, K., & Caldwell, S. “Out of Wedlock Pregnancy and Child- were asked about her partner(s), and about how her style of bearing” (Working Paper 992-02). Washington, D.C.: The Urban sex life might affect her sexual health care needs-this lack of Institute, September 1976. social attention occurred on three different visits to the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Bicentennial Citizen- university health clinic (Scales & Weitzner, 1977). Whether it ship Survey. Denver: Author, 1976. Powledge, T. A. “What Schools Teach of Sex Is Still Controversial.” concerns dealing with one’s parents or with one’s partners, New York Times, February 27, 1977, p. E18. young clients need the opportunity (which some will not Scales, P. “Youth and the Future of Ignorance.” Paper presented at elect) to talk about their social concerns so that social the annual conference of the American Association of Psychiatric uncertainties do not continue to turn into medical problems. Services for Children, Washington, D.C., November 1977. Scales, P., & Gordon, S. “The Effects of Sex Education: A Review and Finally, laws regarding access to sexual health care also Critique of the Literature. ” In S. Gordon & P. Scales, The Sexual need to change. In a study conducted by the Urban Institute, Adolescent. North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, in press. it was found that states with laws denying contraceptive Scales, P., & Weitzner, R. “A Participant Observation Study of Sexual services to under-18s had significantly higher birth rates Health Care in a University Setting.” Syracuse, N.Y.: Institute for among unmarried black teenagers, and that states denying Family Research and Education, Syracuse University, 1977. U.S. Commission on Obscenity and Pornography. Report of the abortion services to under-18s had higher births to unmarried Commission on Obscenitv and Pornography. New York: Bantam white teenagers (Moore & Caldwell, 1976). Books, 1970. The lesson of sex education is clear: though education Urban and Rural Systems Associates, Inc. improving Family Planning can encourage responsible sexual behavior, it will not help Service for Teenagers (Final Report HEW-OS-74-304). Washing- ton, D.C.: DHEW: June 1976. reduce V.D. and unwanted pregnancy if we continue to lace Zeinick, M., & Kantner, J. F. “Sexual and Contraceptive Experience of teenage sexual behavior with a good dose of guilt, fail to Young, Unmarried Women in the United States, 1976 and 1971.” Family Planning Perspectives, 1977, 9(2), 55-71. . Other Important Sources Bogue, D. J. (Ed.). Adolescent Fertility: Proceedings of the First BECOMING ORGASMIC: lnterhemispheric Conference on Adolescent Fertility. Chicago: Community and Family Study Center, 1977. A Sexual Growth Program Carnegie Council on Children. A// Our Children. New York: Har- ForWomen court Brace Jovanovich, 1977. Leslie LoPiccolo/Julia Heiman/State Univerdty of N.Y. Furstenberg, F. F. Unplanned Parenthood: The Social Consequences of Teenage Childbearing. New York: The Free Press, 1976. The 3 films provide therapists with a vital new tool Hacker, S. “The Effect of Situational and Interactional Aspects of in treating patients who have difficulty experiencing Sexual Encounters on Premarital Contraceptive Behavior.” Un- orgasm with a partner, or are still non-orgasmic. published manuscript, University of Michigan, Department of Population Planning, 1976. Dr. Diane S. Fordney-Settlage:“Excellent film series Luker, K. Taking Chances. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of illustrating vital self discovery/pleasuring techniques California Press, 1976. in a sensitive and real human context. Used in conjunction Miller, P., & Simon, W. “Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Context and with its companion book, the series has no equal for its potential clinical value to professionals dealing Change.” Social Problems, 1974 (October), 58-76. with female orgasmic dysfunction.” Note FREE THERAPIST MANUAL At the time of writing, Dr. Scales was research director of the Institute for Family Research and Education, Syracuse University, SEND FOR OUR COMPLETE A-V CATALOG Syracuse, New York. This paper was extensively revised and adapted from “The FOCUS INTERNATIONAL INC. DEPT. S Effects of Sex Education: A Review and Critique of the Literature,” in (212)799-0491 505 WEST END AVE.,N.Y., N.Y. 10024 S. Gordon and P. Scales, The Sexual Adolescent (North Scituate, d Mass.: Duxbury Press, in press).

SIECUS Report, March 1978 3 LEGAL BRIEFS

“Legal Briefs” is prepared by Ralph Slovenko, LL.B., Ph.D., Professor of Law and Psychiatry, Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, Michigan.

vailed in the United States until 1973, the disturbed woman, Financing Abortion: not the healthy one, was allowed an abortion. It was never satisfactorily resolved as to when it would be “therapeutic” Ploys Revisited to terminate a pregnancy. The mechanical procedure of abortion may lie within the province of a physician, but the Congress recently ended a four-month legislative deadlock decision to terminate the pregnancy, many had argued, did on federally funded abortions for the poor. Under the not pose a medical problem. To confuse the operation with compromise approved by the Congress, poor women who the decision to undergo it converted a nonmedical decision receive health care under the federal-state Medicaid program into a medical one, and medical books did not provide the may have a government-paid abortion in instances where: (I) answer. the mother’s life is in danger if the fetus is carried to term; (2) The law on “therapeutic abortion” was soon seen to be a the pregnancy results from rape or incest that is “promptly fraud. Statistics revealed that few women during the course reported” to a law-enforcement or public health agency; or of pregnancy committed suicide. Postpartum depression (3) two doctors determine that the mother risks “severe and sometimes follows the birth of a child but that condition is long-lasting physical health damage” from the pregnancy. treated easily enough. The law thus appeared to curtail Without those limitations in this highly sensitive atea, abortion, but via the “therapeutic abortion” gimmick it was Congress would not have approved Medicaid abortions. To accomplished readily enough-but in the process it deni- prevent abuses, it was alleged, victims of (statutory or forced) grated the woman (and her husband). In ritual fashion, the rape must report the rape immediately to law-enforcement woman would allege that she had been a victim of incest or officials, and two doctors must give approval before a preg- rape, or that she would commit suicide, or that she would go nancy may be terminated for health reasons. Those same crazy if she must bear a child. limitations may crop up again in any national health insur- Now the ploy is reinstated for Medicaid-funded abor- ance that Congress may adopt in the future. tions. Previously, under the “therapeutic abortion” law, a In 1973, the United States Supreme Court ruled that a woman paid a fee for the attestation of the certifying physi- woman in the first trimester of pregnancy had an unrestricted cians or psychiatrist; it amounted to a fee paid for nothing right to an abortion. Up to that time abortion was allowed more than a signature. Will the fees for the attestation now only on the grounds now set out for financed abortion under be paid by Medicaid? Will this be another rip-off for doctors? #Medicaid. In at least one state (Minnesota), the names of doctors who History will likely repeat itself. The exemptions were perform abortions on Medicaid patients are published previously ploys to obtain an abortion; now they will be ploys (mainly in order to discourage them). The Minnesota Welfare for financing them. Department and the Catholic Bulletin worked out an agree- A woman seeking an abortion quickly learns what she ment under which the Bulletin would have access to the must say to obtain it. No physician, although he may not computer-stored information. Though the names of the pa- perform the abortion himself, would refuse to approve it for tients are not revealed, the Minnesota State Medical Associa- a woman who says she will kill herself or go crazy. It is quite tion has brought legal action to block the publication [Min- difficult, if not impossible, to evaluate the seriousness of a neapolis Star, Dec. 22, 1977, p. 91. suicide threat. Also, it will not be difficult to allege rape or In 1976, there were 260,000 abortions financed by the incest, and by the time law-enforcement officials verify the federal-state Medicaid program-or about a quarter of all claim, pregnancy would blossom, making abortion risky. abortions in the United States. Theoretically, if the new On the right to abortion in early times, when there was measure had been in effect then, it is estimated that it would any risk for the woman in bearing a child, abortion was have ruled out two-thirds of them [Time, Dec. 19,1977, p. 61. allowed if she were healthy but not if she were deranged, More than 30 states have ceased paying for abortions with on the theory that in the case of one already deranged there their own funds; those that still pay the full cost include was nothing to lose. Judge MacNaghten of the House of Alaska, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Lords in the classic case of Rex v. Bourne [I K.B. 687 (1938)], Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Oregon, said that an abortion may not be performed on a girl who is Pennsylvania, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and the feeble-minded or has what he called “a prostitute mind,” District of Columbia. The average cost ranges from $160 in a because “in such a case a pregnancy will not have affected clinic to $460 in a hospital. her mind.” Since a healthy woman, by definition, would not By making medically safe abortions legally available only be threatened by childbirth, apart from such physical causes to women who can pay for them, the new provision may not as a small pelvis, the net result was that almost no one was pass constitutional muster. A leaf may be taken from the entitled to an abortion. As Judge MacNaghten saw it, an evolving law on right to counsel in criminal cases. To give exception might be “a normal, decent girl, brought up in a meaning to that right, the Supreme Court a generation ago normal, decent way” who had been raped. ruled that the indigent defendant has a right to the assign- Under the “therapeutic abortion” reform law that pre- ment of counsel uohnson v. Zerbst, 304 U.S. 458 (1938)].

4 SIECUS Report, March 1978 IDO YOU KNOW THAT, a,

Human Sexuality Doctoral Program problem pregnancies, birth control, divorce, death and dy- ing, aging, and many others. Approximately 80,000 of these The University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education resource guides are distributed each year. announces graduate courses and doctoral degrees (Ed.D. or To remain on the mailing list, please send in an old order Ph.D.) in Human Sexuality Education. The same courses are form with your label attached. To get on the mailing list, send also intended to introduce educational and health profes- 50~ for first-class postage and handling to Family Life Publica- sionals (teachers, counselors, physicians, clergy, nurses, so- tions, Inc., 219 Henderson St., P.O. Box 427, Saluda, NC cial workers, etc.) to the field. Instructors will be the faculty 28773. of the University of Pennsylvania. For further information, write to Peter Bent, Assistant Dean, Graduate School of “Today” Newsletters consist of a series of four- or eight-page Education, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 leaflets on topics of interest to professionals (i.e., “Sexuality (phone: 215/243-6455). Today, ” “Marriage and Divorce Today,” “Behavior Today”). They quote from significant, recently published studies or legal decisions, give references, and list meetings and other events as well as resources to write for. For information, write Resources to Write for . . . to “Today” Newsletters, 2315 Broadway, New York, NY 10024.

Teach Us What We Want to Know, the report of a study Teaching Human Sexuality to the Mentally Retarded was carried out in 1969 by the Connecticut Department of Educa- developed by Planned Parenthood of Minnesota, based on its tion under a grant from the U.S. Office of Education, DHEW, own program of three hundred education sessions for the is a major resource that has been available for a long time but mentally retarded. This guidebook covers instruction in nine is worth noting once again. The study surveyed the health categories-anatomy, menstruation, intercourse, masturba- interests, concerns, and problems of 5000 schoolchildren tion, rape, etc.-each of which is developed by topic, points from kindergarten through the twelfth grade; the findings to cover, and suggested activities and resources. A resource are stated by grade levels, and largely in the children’s own listing at the end of the guidebook indicates where to obtain words, analyzing the health interests and concerns of the various materials. For further information, write to elementary and secondary students with a section giving Planned Parenthood of Minnesota, 1965 Ford Parkway, St. student recommendations on topics that should be taught at Paul, MN 55116. various grade levels. Professional interpretations and conclu- sions are then presented. Current Perspectives in Aging is the title of a series of eight The students’ own interests, questions, and recom- lectures held between March and May of 1977, under the mendations in the area of sexuality are a veritable gold mine auspices of The Gerontology Project, School of Allied Health of information for professionals and nonprofessionals alike. Professions, Health Sciences Center, SUNY at Stony Brook. And one of the major recommendations was prophetic: the Among the topics covered are: “Aging: A Psychosocial students recommended sex education for every grade, with a Dilemma,” ” Home Health Care: An Option for the Aging,” concentration on the seventh- and eighth-grade levels be- “Aging: The Family’s Role,” and “Sexuality and Aging.” The cause “that’s when some kids begin and after that it’s too cost is $2.50. Order from Jane Porcine, School of Allied late.” This comment, made in 1968, should be borne in mind Health Professions, Health Science Center, SUNY at Stony when we realize that at the seventh- to ninth-grade levels we Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794. now have some 30,000 pregnancies each year. This study, conducted by Ruth Byler, Gertrude Lewis, and Ruth Totman, can be obtained for $3.00 from the Mental Telephone Marital Counseling Health Materials Center, 419 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10016. SAM (Save A Marriage) continues its telephone counseling hours Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 12:00 noon to 2:00 Family life Publications 1977 Resource Guide and Fall Sup- P.M. and Tuesdays and Thursdays, 6:00 to 8:00 P.M. Since its plement come from a North Carolina organization known to beginning three years ago, SAM has received over 5,000 calls many for its long and honorable history of service in the field from all over the U.S. as well as Hawaii and Canada. The SAM of counseling. It supersedes all previous listings, for it has Training Program has trained 39 teletherapists in the eliminated out-of-date materials and added listings of new techniques of marital telephone counseling, and is currently books, tapes, and filmstrips. The well-known McHugh Sex training an additional 12. Seven bilingual therapists are also Attitudes Survey and Profile are also being updated. The being trained for special hours and days when Spanish- Resource Guide includes publications and audio-visual aids speaking individuals or couples can call and receive free in the fields of human sexuality counseling, marital and marital counseling by telephone. SAM was founded by Dr. premarital education and counseling, venereal disease edu- Laura J. Singer, its current president. The calling number is cation, drug knowledge, religious attitudes, abortion and (212) 799-0101.

SIECUS Report, March 1978 5 WHERE THE ACTION IS

A Sex Education Program That Worked

Michael A. Carrera, Ed. D. Eugene A. Baker, Ph.D. Katherine Fiechtl McCombs, Ph.D.

Programs which attempt to provide sex education must be In the family planning area, the boys showed statistically seen at this time as art forms since scientific measures significant changes (.Ol level) in the direction of increased reflecting the effectiveness of these educational endeavors knowledge of birth control technology and increased will- are not readily available, and, indeed, have not been at- ingness to assume responsibility for birth control in a re- tended to in any rigorous way by practitioners in this field. It lationship. There was also significant evidence (.05 and .Ol is our judgment that unless sex education programs are levels) reflecting greater understanding, openness, and ac- studiously measured and evaluated, the credibility for this ceptance of self and others in connection with the sensitive discipline will never be achieved. behavioral issues of masturbation and homosexuality. Statis- Sex education programs must be more than the cotton tically significant attitude shifts (.05 and .Ol levels) emerged candy of education-that is, when the fluff is removed, we regarding the consideration of parenthood as a choice, and must demonstrate the presence of a substantive, replicable there was evidence of increased responsibility to self and structure. With this aim in mind, the authors designed, others when involved in nonmarital intercourse. implemented, and evaluated a pilot sex education program. This sex education program and evaluation were carried The following is a brief summary of the program circum- out within the context of all the other activities at this stances and results. residential center without undue stress on the general treat- ment routines. The primary treatment staff, teachers, and Program child-care personnel reported no disruptive effects on the The program was conducted at a residential treatment regular program or to the residents during or after the center serving boys from New York City ranging in age from 6 project. to 14. Young people in settings like this are traditionally Note characterized as aggressive, lacking in social skills, possess- Dr. Carrera, on sabbatical as Professor of Health Education at Hunter ing poor impulse control, and uncooperative. These boys not College of the City University of New York, acting as a sex education only live at the treatment center, but they also attend school consultant to the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, de- and receive social services while they are in residence. signed and conducted the staff training program, and designed the At the outset of the project, the school principal and sex education curriculum for this pilot program. Drs. Baker and agency executive director strongly endorsed the sex educa- McCombs, staff psychologists at Children’s Village in Dobbs Ferry, New York, designed and conducted the evaluation. tion program. In addition to this critical support, Dr. Carrera spent two months meeting in small groups with the entire agency staff (teachers, social service staff, and child-care personnel). The ~OCLIS of these meetings was to share with the staff the nature and objectives of sex education, to DO YOU KNOW THAT.. . answer questions, and to learn about the needs and concerns of the staff in this regard. From these meetings, 24 staff members volunteered to participate in a one-year training program conducted weekly Michigan OKs School Birth Control Education by Dr. Carrera. Following the intensive training, the staff was divided into eight teams of three and each team was assigned Signed into law in late 1977, HI3 4425 lifts Michigan’s prohibi- a cottage to visit on a weekly basis (1% hours per week) to tion on the teaching of birth control information in the state’s deliver a sex education program designed by the trainees and public schools. Previously, while Michigan included sex Dr. Carrera. The ten boys in each cottage (there were a total education as a part of its mandatory comprehensive health of 80 in the program) ranged in age from 8 to 14. education program, any information with regard to birth control was forbidden by law. The new law orders the State Evaluation Department of Education to develop guidelines, including LYeekly [measurement and final evaluation was deter- teacher qualifications, which local school boards may adopt, mined by using the Socio-Sexual Knowledge & Attitude Test. and requires school boards choosing to implement a pro- Statistically significant gains (greater than could be expected gram of birth control education to establish community from chance alone) in knowledge (.Ol level of significance), advisory councils consisting of local clergy, health officials, attitude shifts (.05 and .Ol levels), and ability to use new parents, physicians, and teachers to decide the content and knowledge characterized the results of this pilot program. procedures for such classes.

6 SIECUS Report, March 1978 AUDIO-VISUAL REVIEWS

Sex Education: A Rationale for the Pub- cautious almost to the point of apol- the opposite sex. We are shown a be- lic Schools, and Sex Education: De- ogy, but for the lay audiences for wildering array of male cosmetics, tan- veloping a Program. lx-inch sound/ whom it is intended this is undoubtedly ning aids, and some less personal items color video cassettes, 20 min. each. one of its pluses. The technical quality such as stereos and water beds also Distributed by Dr. George Thorns, 7124 is very good; a bibliography and a list aimed at producing the irresistible im- Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22043. of school systems with sex education age. The film is a humorous Rental, $35 each. programs is included. The program is springboard to serious consideration of an excellent resource for anyone in- the male sex role and male sexuality. Reviewed by Deryck Calderwood, volved with planning or implementing Ph.D., Associate Professor of Health secondary school sex education. Education, Human Sexuality Program, Are You Ready for Sex? 16mm, 8mm, or New York University. video cassette; sound/color, 24 min. A Rationale for the Public Schools Beauty Knows No Pain. 16mm, sound/ Perennial Education, Inc., 1825 Willow opens with a discussion among three color, 25 min. Benchmark Films, Inc., Road, Northfield, IL 60093. Purchase, teenagers and the teacher of their high 145 Scarborough Road, Briarcliff $300; rental, $30. school family life/sex education class in Manor, NY 10510. Purchase, $395; Reviewed by Deryck Calderwood, which the young people review their rental, $40. Ph.D. mostly negative experiences in trying Reviewed by Deryck Calderwood, to obtain sex information with no help The purpose of this film about adoles- Ph.D. from adults. This is followed by a se- cent sexuality is “to encourage open quence in which Dr. Thorns, principal This is a film that is likely to leave an and honest exploration between sensi- of the high school, describes the his- impact long after viewing. In cinema- tive concerned adults and young peo- tory and the objectives of their pro- verite fashion it reveals the behind- ple who are without ‘rites of gram. He provides intelligent answers the-scenes story of how Kilgore Col- passage’-the transition from child to to the most frequently raised questions lege, Texas, creates the nationally adult.” The frank acceptance of inter- concerning public school sex educa- known drill team that performs be- course as an integral part of the adoles- tion, i.e., who is to teach, why does the tween the halves of college football cent scene is established in the open- school deal with this subject, does sex games. The film captures a tantalizing ing sequences with a group of teenagers education increase sexual activity? combination of sequences demonstrat- on an outdoor picnic. In this setting Throughout he emphasizes the broad ing positive and negative qualties-and and others various couples dramatize concept of sexuality as opposed to viewers will argue long about which is aspects of decision-making, or the lack dealing only with biological facts or which. It is an excellent resource of it, related to engaging in inter- sexual techniques. related to discussions of sex role, self- course. There is a filmed discussion Developing a Program is presented in image, societal pressures, and values in session with a “sensitive, concerned” a lecture-dialogue format with both sexuality. Although aimed at a high adult male in an informal living room Ms. Mary Lee Tatum, the program’s school and college audience, it is also a setting that generally gives a relaxed, family life/sex education teacher, and provocative film for professionals who spontaneous feel to the interaction as Dr. Thorns. They describe some classic work with groups of any kind. A helpful relationship concerns, peer and pitfalls-what not to do when develop- discussion guide is provided. societal pressures, and values are dis- ing sex education programs. The re- cussed. mainder of the tape deals with a brief, The young people were clearly concise explanation of the step-by-step You Irresistible You. 16mm, sound/ selected with an eye to including the procedure of developing a similar pro- color, 11 min. Benchmark Films, Inc., broadest possible spectrum of racial gram from assessing the need and 145 Scarborough Road, Briarcliff and ethnic types, along with an ability interest, through reviewing constantly. Manor, NY 10510. Purchase, $180; to be articulate. It will appeal to middle- Both Ms. Tatum and Dr. Thorns have rental, $20. class young people who will em- pleasing personalities and project an pathize with the situations depicted. Reviewed by Deryck Calderwood, image that inspires confidence in their For some adolescents the film’s general Ph.D. program and procedures, and they acceptance of the notion that everyone make the most of the static presenta- While Beauty Knows No Pain focuses is doing it, or at least trying to do it, tion format. They offer sound, practical on the female of the species, this light- may unintentionally add to some of the advice within the time limitations im- hearted film takes a look at the male. media pressures discussed in the pre- posed. The time allotted to the subject Marshall Efron, of PBS television, sentation. With a good facilitator the of teacher training is very limited and explores the increasing number of film should achieve its objective and disappointing. From a professional products now available to men which stimulate open, honest discussion point of view the tone of the program is promise to make them irresistible to about sex.

SIECUS Report, March 1978 7 SUMMER 1978 WORKSHOPS IN HUMAN SEXUALITY AND SEX EDUCATION

Workshops are /Isted alphabetically by state. Announcements arriving too late for th/s listing will be published in the May 7978 SIECUS Report.

California l Advanced Studies in Human Sexuality. July 23-28, 3 credits. Write to: American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and University of California, San Francisco, CA. Therapists, 5010 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 304, Washington, DC l Women’s Sexuai Health Educatfon Seminars (WiSHESi. June 2-3, 20016. 16 hours nursing continuing education and relicensing credit. l Leadership Trainfng for Women’s Sexual Health Education Semi- nars. July 30-August 4, 40 hours continuing education and Florida nursing continuing education credit. Prerequisite: WISHES Seminar. University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. Write to: Jack1 Reubens, Human Sexuality Program, 350 Parnassus, l Family Life Education. IMay 15-June 21, 3 credits. Suite 700, San Francisco, CA 94143. Write to: Dr. Linda C. Susong, Chairperson, Health Education, c/o Merrick Bldg. #312, School of Education, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124. Connecticut

Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT. Illinois l Rf 340. Human Sexualfty. July 17-August 4, 3 credits. Write to: Dr. Martin A. Lang, Graduate School of Education, Illinois State University, Normal, IL. Fairfield University, FairfIeld, CT 06430. l Mardage, Sex, and Drug Counseling. June 19-August 11, 3 credits. Southern Connecticut State College, New Haven, CT. Write to: Dr. Ralph A. Meyering, Counselor, Education Center, l ID 545. Summer Sex Educatron Instftute. July 10-21, 6 credits. Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61761. Write to: Anna Schildroth, Assistant DIrector, Sex Education Insti- tute, SCSC, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515. Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL. l Current and Critical Issues in Health Education: Sex tducatfon. University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT. June 19%July 14, 3 credits (graduate or undergraduate). l Human Sexuality. July 24-28, 3 credits. Write to: J. D. Floyd, Coordinator of Health Education, Northern Write to: Dr. Dominic J. DiMattia, Counselor, Education & Human Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115. Resources, University of Bridgeport, 136 Lafayette St., South Hall, Bridgeport, CT 06602. Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL. l Human Sexuaiity Workshop. June 26-July 7, 3 credits. l Seminar in Counseling ,n Human Sexualty. June 12-July 7, 4 Write to: Registrar C. Seaman, University of Bridgeport, credits. Bridgeport, CT 06602. l Sex Education in the Home, School and Community. June 12-August 4, 4 credits. l Human Sexuality. June 12-July 7, 2 credits. Colorado Write to: Dr. John Leach, Dept. of Health Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455. University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO. l HER 506. Contemporary issues ,n Sex Education. June 19-July 14, 3 credits. Indiana Write to: Lloyd Kolbe, Ph.D., or Bryan Cooke, Ph.D., Chairman, Dept. of Health & Safety Education, University of Northern Colorado, Indiana University, Institute for Sex Research, Bloomington, IN. Creeley, CO 80639. l Ninth Annual Summer Program in Human Sexuality. June 21-28. Write to: Institute for Sex Research, Indiana University, 416 Morri- son Hall, Bloomington, IN 47401. Delaware

University of Delaware, College of Human Resources, Newark, DE. l IFS 850. Theones and Research in Child and Family Life. July Iowa 25-August 25, 3 credits. Write to: Barbara H. Settles, Home Economics Research, University Drake University, Des Moines, IA. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711. l Topicai Seminar: Sexual Behavior. June 12-July 7, 3 credits. Write to: Donald C. Wallace, Dean of the Summer Session, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311. District of Columbia University of Dubuque, Dubuque, IA. American University, Washington, DC. l SC/SW 163. Human Sexuality. May 30-June 16, 3 credits. l The New Sex Education. July 9-14, 3 credits. Write to: Larry Odegard or Ralph Grippin, Dept. of Sociology and l Sex Therapy Skills. July 16-21, 3 credits. Social Work, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, IA 52001.

8 SIECUS Report, March 1978 Kansas Nevada

Emporia State University, Emporia, KS. University of Nevada, Reno, NV. l HL 709. Sex Education. June 5-23, 3 credits. l H. EC. 430, 630. Human Sexuality. May 22-June 9, 3 credits l Human Sexuality. June 5-July 14, 3 credits. (undergraduate or graduate). Write to: Dr. Ron Slaymaker, 70 PE Dept., Emporia State University, Write to: Milton L. Nolin, Ph.D., School of Home Economics, Emporia, KS 66801. University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557.

Maryland New York Towson State University, Towson, MD. l Sex Education and Family Life. June 19-July 21, 3 credits Clarkson College, Potsdam, NY. l Rape in Perspecbve. July 24-August 4, 3 credits. l The New Sex Education (AASECT Workshop). July 9-14, 3 l Love: Attitude or Addiction. August 10-25, 3 credits. graduate credits. l Human Sexuality. July 24-August 25, 3 credits. Write to: Gary F. Kelly, Coordinator, Human Sexuality Program, Write to: Dr. Clint E. Bruess, Chairman, Dept. of Health Science, Clarkson College, Potsdam, NY 13676. Towson State University, Towson, MD 21204. New York University, New York, NY. University of Maryland, College Park, MD. l international Seminar: Africa (Nairobi, Kenya). July 174ugust 24, l Changing Sex Roles of Men and Women. May 22-June 30, 3 IO-12 credits. credits. Write to: Dr. Deryck Calderwood, New York University, Human Write to: Dr. Bonnie Tyler, Institute for Child Study, University of Sexuality Program, 53 South Building, New York, NY 10003. Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY. l Preparing Today’s Youth To Be Tomorrow’s Parents: Enhancing Massachusetts Your Role As A Sex Educator. July 6-14, 3 graduate credits. Write to: Alison M. Deming, Workshop Coordinator, Institute for Amherst College, Amherst, MA. Family Research and Education, 760 Ostrom Ave., Syracuse, NY l The New Sex Fducation. July 9-14, 3 credits. 13210. l Sex Therapy Skills. July 16-21, 3 credits. l Advanced Studies in Human Sexuality. July 23-28, 3 credits. Write to: American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Ohio Therapists, 5010 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 304, Washington, DC 20016. Ohio State University, Columbus, OH. l Education for Human Sexuality. june 19-July 21, 3 credits. Boston University, Boston, MA. Write to: Robert Kaplan, Chairman, Health Education, Ohio State l Sex and Family Living Education. May 23-June 30, 4 credits. University, 1760 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210. Write to: Dr. Carl E. Willgoose, Boston University, 704 Common- wealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. Oregon Framingham State College, Framingham, MA. l Family Life and Sex Education. June-August, 4 credits. Southern Oregon State College, Ashland, OR. l Sociology of Deviance & Social Control. June-August, 4 credits. l The Politics of Sex Education. lune 12-16, 2 credits Write to: Dr. Joseph R. Palladino, Dean, Division of Continuing Write to: Mary Christlich, Dean. of Students, Southern Oregon Education, Framingham State College, Framingham, MA 01701. State College, Ashland, OR 97520.

Minnesota Pennsylvania St. John’s University, Collegeville, MN. l Five National Seminars for Beginners in Natural Family Planning. West Chester State College, West Chester, PA. June 16-18, 2 credits. l Human Sexuality in a Changing Society. August 7-25, 3 credits l Seminar on Chastity, Love, Sexuality, and Fertility Awareness for (graduate). High Schoolluniors and Seniors. June 16-18, 2 credits. l Family Life and Sex Education. June 5-23, 3 credits (under- l National Seminar on Christian Sexuality, Love and Parenting. graduate). June 23-26, 2 credits. Write to: Walter E. Funk, Health Department Chairman, West Write to: Mr. William Molitor, The Human Life Center, St. John’s Chester State College, West Chester, PA 19380. University, Collegeville, MN 56321.

South Carolina Missouri Medical University of South Carolina and the American College of University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO. Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (The Workshops will take place at l ED 380 (or 480). Sex Education and the Developmentally Dis- Kiawah island, a resort in South Carolina.) abled. October 6-7, 1 credit. l Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction. Offered l ED 361. Sex Education for Exceptional Individuals. January ‘79- June 14-18, July 12-16, and August 16-20,40 cognates and CME May ‘79, 3 credits. equivalent. Write to: Dr. Richard L. Thurman, University of Missouri-St. Louis, Write to: James P. Semmens, M.D., Medical University of South 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO 63121. Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29403.

Nebraska Utah

Creighton University, Omaha, NE. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. l PSY 233. Human Sexuality. May 22-June 9, 3 credits. l Human Sexuality. June 274ugust 16, 3 credits. Write to: Dan Murphy, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology, Write to: Jerry Braza, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Dept. of Psychology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178. Lake City, UT 84112.

SIECUS Report, March 1978 9 Virginia l Workshop: Human Sexuality. Summer ‘78 (dates to be arranged). l Workshop: Venereal Disease. Summer ‘78 (dates to be ar- University of Richmond, Richmond, VA. ranged). l Human Sexuality. Fall Semester, 3 credits (undergraduate). Write to: Ranae Guiterrer, Dept. of Health Education, Mltchell Write to: Dr. Joanne C. Preston, Psychology Department, Univer- Hall, University of Wisconsin-Lacrosse, Lacrosse, WI 54601. sity of Richmond, Richmond, VA 23173. University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, WI. l Human Sexuality and interpersonal Relationships. June 12-23, 3 Wisconsin credits. Write to: Department of Education, University of Wisconsin-River University of Wisconsin-Lacrosse, Lacrosse, WI. Falls, River Falls, WI 54022. l Workshop: Human Sexuality. March 3-4, 1 credit.

DO YOU KNOW THAT.. . I Personal Freedom Conference Drake University in Des Moines will host a conference on the theme “Human Sexuality: Personal Freedom vs. Institutional Necessity,” on April 7-8,1978, at the Olmstead Center in Des AASECT National Meeting Moines. It is designed to provide a public forum for discus- sion about how institutions deal with the sexual needs and rights of people under their care. Considered will be the The Eleventh National Sex Institute, sponsored by the Ameri- needs of the physically handicapped, children, elderly, can Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and prisoners, mentally retarded. The conference will examine Therapists, will be held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washing- how institutional policies are presently established and ton, D.C., from March 29 to April 2, 1978. The theme will be explore alternatives that respect both the needs of the “Scientific Standards: Relationship to Ethics, Training, and individual and the effective functioning of the institution. The Competency,” chaired by Dorothy Strauss, Ph.D. Over one four featured speakers will be Vern L. Bullough, Ph.D., hundred speakers will be present. Among them will be Professor of History, California State University at North- Robert Butler, M.D., Shere Hite, William Masters, M.D., and ridge; F. Paul Pearsall, Chief, Problems of Daily Living Clinic, Virginia Johnson, Leon Zussman, M.D., and Shirley Zussman, Sinai Hospital, Detroit; Pepper Schwartz, Ph.D., Associate Ed.D., Harvey Caplan, M.D., Emanuel Chigier, M.D., and Professor of Sociology, University of Washington; and Martin Albert Ellis, Ph.D., with the keynote address given by Patricia S. Weinberg, Ph.D., Senior Research Sociologist, Institute for Schiller, J.D., Executive Director and founder of AASECT. For Sex Research, Indiana University, Bloomington. Following further information, contact Rosalie Blasky, conference each of the lectures there will be workshops conducted by coordinator, Eleventh National Sex Institute, American As- Iowa institutional administrators, human service profession- sociation of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists, 5010 als, and clients. For further details contact T. Nicholas Tor- Wisconsin Ave. NW, Suite 304, Washington, DC 20016; or call mey, Conference Co-director, Suite 270, West Bank Bldg., (202) 686-2523. 1601 22nd St., West Des Moines, IA 50265 (phone: 5151225- 0932).

Colorado Sexuality Workshops

The Rocky Mountain Planned Parenthood Association, Cen- New Comprehensive Health Education ter for Continuing Education, is offering a series of work- Program in California shops for professionals on various aspects of human sexual- ity. The series will begin in March and extend through August Legislation providing for the development of a comprehen- 1978. The topics and dates are: sive health education program, including sex education, in “Developing a Sex Education Curriculum,” March 31- the elementary and secondary schools of California has been April 1; “Marital and Couple Relationships,” April 7-8; “Lik- signed by Governor Brown. Under the bill, the State Depart- ing, Loving, and Loneliness: A Psychological Perspective,” ment of Education is to prepare guidelines and in-service April 14-15; “Advanced Seminar in Sexual Dysfunction training workshops to assist participating school districts in Therapy,” April 28-29; “Homosexuality and Sexual developing their health education programs. Minorities,” May 5-6; “Sex Roles and Sex Equality,” May The bill provides for health-related curricula in the fol- 12-13; “Training in Social Skills,” May 19-20; “Sexuality and lowing areas: mental and emotional health, drug use and Mental Retardation,” June 2-3; “Sexuality and the Disabled,” misuse, family health and child development, responsibilities June 9-10; “Current Issues in Human Sexuality,” June 12-16; of marriage and parenthood, oral health, vision and hearing, “Facilitating/Teaching Parenting,” June 24-28; and “The Sex- physical fitness, genetic diseases, and environmental health. ually Active Adolescent,” August 25-26. The legislation was supported by the major health and For information on tuition fees, credits granted, and education organizations, including the California Medical workshop attendance, write to: Pat Diak, Manager, Rocky Association, the California P.T.A., the California School Mountain Planned Parenthood Center for Continuing Educa- Boards Association, and the California State Board of Educa- tion, 2030 East 20th Avenue, Denver, CO 80205. tion.

10 SIECUS Report, March 1978 BOOK REVIEWS

Sex, Crime, and the Law. Donal E. J. present-day sex laws be better ac- plinary Journal, and have published MacNamara and Edward Sagarin. New complished by non-sex laws that gov- several books, individually and in col- York: The Free Press, L977 (291 pp.; ern public behavior? If there were no laboration. A, PR 5 12.95). category of sex crime in criminology and in psychology, as well as in the Revle\ved by Ralph Slovenko, LL. B., mass media, forcible rape would be Ph.D., Professor of Law and Psychiatry, seen as a form of aggravated assault, Wayne State University Law School, De- child molestation as a form of child troit, Mlchlgan. abuse; exhibitionism and voyeurism Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right. Linda Societies in every time and place have would be nuisances, disorderly con- Gordon. New York: The Viking Press, found it necessary or desirable to out- duct, and acts against public order. The 1976 (479 pp.; $12.50). lavv certain fortns of sexual behavior. authors argue that such a move would Reviewed by Evalyn S. Cendel, M.D., Are legal definitions of sex crime sup- have the scientific disadvantage of ef- member, S/ECUS Board of Directors. ported by sociological reality? What do facing an otherwise tenable category. \ve know about the nature of offenders There is logic, the authors believe, in In her introduction to this unusual and and victims in various sex crimes? How an approach that studies as a single provocative book Linda Gordon keenly should the law be reformed, if at all? group laws pertaining to sex behavior. states the dilemma she faced in pres- This book, responding to these ques- In this rather small book the authors enting this complex subject. “As a tions, surveys the sexual activities that cover the range of sex crimes-forcible piece of history, this book rests within are now illegal in the United States. For rape (pp. 266~41, sex between adults two main fields-women’s history and each offense, the authors provide both and minors (pp. 65-961, prostitution the history of sexuality. In comparison legal and sociological definitions, de- (pp. 97-126), homosexual behavior with work done in historical fields scribe its incidence and seriousness, (pp. 127-1621, exhibitionism (pp. 164- where there are strong, tested examine the prevailing statutes, sum- 168), voyeurs (pp. 168-1751, transves- methodologies, a study about women rnarize recent research, and recom- tism (pp. 176-178), transsexualism (pp. and/or about sex will necessarily be mend reforms. They assess the Model 178-179), necrophilia and bestiality naive.” What the text eventually pres- Penal Code of the American Law Insti- (pp. 179-1811, adult consensual incest ents is a series of histories, some inex- tute as it applies to each type of sexual (pp. 181-183), obscene telephone call- tricably bound to each other conduct, focusing on the desirability of ing (pp. 183-184), fornication (pp. chronologically and conceptually and decriminalizing certain activities in 186-188), seduction (pp. 188190), others that are tangential to the main light of changing sexual norms on the adultery (pp. 190-1921, lewd and open theme. Birth control, sexuality, one hand, and the alarming increase of cohabitation (pp. 192-194), miscegena- feminism, social revolutionary move- violent, non-sex-related crime on the tion (pp. 194-196), extracoital ments of the last century as well as the other. heterosexual acts (pp. 196-1971, por- twentieth century are the more funda- The authors distinguish sharply nography (pp. 199-2131, and sex mental issues examined. among sex acts that are so patently psychopath laws (pp. 218221). The re- The better solution to the author’s harmful to the victim that they are be- search is meticulous; the writing is dilemma in approaching such a non- yond the level of tolerance of a society; lucid, but not engaging. The style is traditional field of history would have those that would better be tolerated, that of a textbook. been simply to label it as politics. Es- handled through educational mea- The authors are both highly es- sentially this is a documentation of the sures, discouraged without being sup- teemed past presidents of the Ameri- early phases in the evolution of pressed, or conceptualized either as can Society of Criminology. MacNam- feminism as a political movement. The nuisances or as psychological distur- ara is a professor in the Department of history of the use of birth control from bances; and those that not only are Law and Police Science, John Jay Col- prebiblical times to the present pro- victimless but also are probably ac- lege of Criminal Justice, and Sagarin is vides one part of the background for cepted as normative by large parts of a professor in the Department of exploration of the nineteenth- and society. Sociology, City College of New York. twentieth-century technical and ethical In general, can the legitimate goals of They edit Criminology: An Interdisci- problems in this area addressed by the

Audience Level Indicators: C-Children (elementary grades), ET-Early teens (junior high), LT-Late teens (senior high), A-College, general adult public, P-Parents, PR-Professionals.

SIECUS Report, )March 1978 feminist cause. Birth control and the of the related histories that have been Toward Intimacy: Family Planning and issues it has elicited socially, morally, intertwined to provide a three-dimen- Sexuality Concerns of Physically Dis- and politically serve as a microcosm for sional richness to all of them. To a abled Women. The Task Force on Con- the events that have affected women’s degree this comprehensiveness con- cerns of Physically Disabled Women. rights since the 1830s. stitutes both a weakness and a major Planned Parenthood of Snohomish In the chapters entitled “Politics of strength of the text. It provides an County, Inc., ‘1977 (63 pp., paperback; Reproduction,” a careful differentia- encyclopedic documentation of the free with $1.50 for postage and han- tion is made between the technology, past hundred years primarily of the dling). beliefs, and uses of birth control, and feminist, birth control, and socio- Reviewed by Maria Armstrong, M.A., the birth control movement per se. The sexual political movements, and can be Senior Rehabilitation Counselor, Craig observation is made that birth control utilized in just this manner to separate Hospital, Rocky Mountain Regional in preagricultural and nomadic out segments on any one of them. The Spinal Cord Injury Center, Englewood, societies was never controversial, even voluminous notes and references in- Colorado. when the ancient methods of abortion clude news clippings, private corre- and infanticide were used. But who spondence between well-known figures This small paperback publication, writ- controlled such use was the core of and the ordinary citizens’ notes to one ten by the Task Force on Concerns of controversy, and this is the recurrent another, as well as physicians’ records, Physically Disabled Women, lends it- theme in the author’s historical-politi- case studies, and the usual bibliog- self very well toward providing dis- cal account. Once males understood raphy. abled women with positive viewpoints their role in conception they began to Ms. Gordon credits many people in- and information about sexuality. The exercise general control over when, volved in the early days of the birth book is based on five major assump- with whom, and how often women control movement, especially Norman tions, including “sexuality is the right would have sexual intercourse. Himes’s History of Birth Control, writ- of all people,” and that, therefore, dis- I am reminded of the great passage in ten in the 1920s. However, she de- abled individuals are sexual persons. Mark Twain’s Letters from the Earth in scribes her own book as the first social The authors’ definition of sexuality not which men are described as controlling history of the birth control movement. only includes sexual activity per se, but women’s sexual activities all in the Its scope, of course, is considerably tt e whole realm of self-expression. name of commandments given to them broader than that. Throughout the book, quotes from dis- by God-proving that “man” was meant Expectations that a history of sexual- abled women depict points that the to shape women’s lives-and that they ity or an in-depth analysis of the rela- author is trying to convey. These com- (women) appeared to believe them tionship of birth control to human sex- ments illustrate not only fears and feel- (men). uality would be important elements of ings, but also practical solutions to The author’s further comment in the text are not realized. This is a dis- problems that many disabled women Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right traces appointment to me because there were face. this ongoing and continuous tradition so many opportunities for these basic Body image is discussed in the con- of control through the religious tenets connections to be made. The interper- text of both how the disabled person of most faiths, which were, of course, sonal, interfamily intimacy issues which sees herself and how she is seen by predominantly designed and con- necessarily pertain to gain or loss of loved ones and by strangers. Pos- ducted by a male hierarchy. As sexual individual respect, self-regard, and sibilities of ways to improve body in- behavior became codified with reli- love are closely tied to initial under- ages are pointed out. Even though this gious doctrine, women were the ones standing of sexual intercourse and the is not primarily a “how to do it” book, I primarily affected, and the issues of birth control activities of men and feel that these suggestions are positive “morality” when such codes were bro- women. and helpful. ken were equated with women’s rather There is no question, however, that Sexual intimacy within a significant than men’s behaviors. It is the detailed this book is a serious and important relationship is dealt with directly and documentation of the clustering of addition to any study of human sexual- informatively. Myths, which frequently these events which the author uses to ity. Linda Gordon has raised thoughtful crop up about disabled women and describe the evolution of the Birth and often profound questions about their sexuality, are negated. The reader Control Leagues that became major the social and political, medical and is provided with information and illus- parts of the women’s rights movement. ethical conflicts which surround trations on techniques of intercourse Within these delineating sections of human sexual behavior, birth control, and other ways of expressing sexual the book, theories of population con- population issues, and women’s rights. affection. More importantly, sanction is trol vs. contraception and female Counselors, therapists, educators, given to various types of sexual activity health and status-evolving from and others in the field of human sexual- other than penile-vaginal intercourse. Malthusian and neo-Malthusian doc- ity should find this a useful as well as For many disabled women this sanction trine-are described along with the provocative work. The debates which of other possibilities is crucial for their workers’ movements, the “sexual revo- are launched are those with which we continued sexual expression. lution” of the early 19OOs, and the are currently dealing. These are the The right of the disabled to feel com- source of the medical profession’s in- “open end” issues of our times, but fortable within the health care system volvement in birth control politics in even the still primitive state of our leads directly to detailed comments re- the late teens and twenties. knowledge about human sexuality has garding birth control methods. Discus- It is not possible to give a fair over- a contribution to make and much to sion of both advantages and disadvan- view of the book by examining any one learn from these debates. A, PR tages of each form of birth control

12 SIECUS Report, March 1978 gives the reader a chance to see what ity and the transitory attraction one can an emotionally committed response. might be available and best for her. feel for a member of the same sex while Proposed solutions to the problems Included is an outline of specific dis- growing up. The difference between presented in testimonies occupy a dis- abilities which includes comments on homosexuality, heterosexuality, and appointingly brief section of the book. reproductive functioning and special bisexuality is explained simply, and a The general theme is a call for united consideration for contraceptive final paragraph states that “a person’s sisterhood. However, one detects dis- methods. Although not in detail, this sexual orientation is firmly set, proba- harmonies in this unison in more than outline gives the reader basic informa- bly in early childhood. Homosexuals one part of the report. Conflicting tion. A section on venereal disease and may have a hard time because people themes tend to emerge, especially in the importance of recognizing signs discriminate against them socially and respect to whether unity should be and symptoms appears with other in jobs. However, there is growing un- accomplished through committed les- health precautions. Again, sanction is derstanding and acceptance of gay bianism or through a more inclusive given to self-exploration and -expres- people in our society.” sisterhood. sion, with masturbation being an op- This informative but calmly neutral In short, as a dramatic, subjectively tion. and factual approach follows the tone compelling document, this report To further the authors’ emphasis on of the whole book. This is one book makes a vital international contribution the importance of communication, tips that should be placed in the hands of to our awareness of the injustices to a poorly informed parent on how to every preadolescent boy or girl. If their women suffer in many parts of the discuss and express sexuality provide parents would read it as well, we might world as members of the “second sex.” the reader with ways of easing a poten- have fewer difficulties about the whole Along with other readings on the sub- tially difficult situation. For the con- question of sex education. El, P ject, it should help move a number of cerned parent, suggestions on how to countries toward the essential goal of a encourage expression of sexuality by a more equalitarian society. A disabled daughter convey the need for authentic awareness and sensitivity on the part of the parent. Crimes Against Women: Proceedings All in all, Toward Intimacy takes a of the International Tribunal. Diana E. refreshing stance on issues that have H. Russell and Nicole Van de Ven, eds. Sex Self Taught: A Home-study Course been avoided in the past, yet are Millbrae, Calif.: Les Fetnmes Pub- for Underachievers. Don R. King. genuine concerns of most disabled lishers, 1976 (298 pp.; $5.95). Chicago: Nelson Hall, 1977 (265 pp.; women. The book’s strengths lie in its $9.95). Reviewed by Catherine S. Chllman, direct, informative approach as well as Ph.D., School of Social Welfare, Uni- Reviewed by Terry R. Herb, M.A., its emphasis on the importance of versity of Wisconsin -Milwaukee. SIECUS consultant. communication within a relationship. For a woman whose goal is to attain This is a report of an International Tri- When reviewing a book, it is popular to intimacy with another person, this pub- bunal on Crimes Against Women. The dissect minor imperfections, not so lication would be a good addition to idea for the Tribunal was conceived in much for the sake of scientific accuracy her library. A, P 1974 at an international feminist camp as for the sake of the reviewer’s ego. If I and was seen as a “feminist response” were to employ this tactic, my review to the United Nations International would be lengthy and laborious. Opt- Women’s Year. Much of the text con- ing for parsimony, I’ll say that the flaws sists of personal testimonies from all in this book are due to faulty assump- Love and Sex and Growing Up. Corinne over the world concerning “crimes” tions and overgeneralizations rather Benson Johnson and Eric W. Johnson. women have suffered in a male- than to widespread factual mistakes. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., up- dominated society. These testimonies Sex Self Taught wouldn’t make it as dated edition, 1977 (126 pp.; $6.95). deal with such topics as denial of ac- an exemplary sex manual, nor would it cess to contraceptives and abortions, make it big as a joke book. But there is Reviewed by Mary S. Calderone, M.D., persecution of unmarried mothers and one dimension that makes the book President of S/ECUS. lesbians, brutal obstetrical practices, worth reviewing: the perspective is The updating of this now-classic and authoritarian patriarchal family be- rare and delightful. It could be the best top-notch book for the preadolescent haviors, barriers to employment and denouncement of the Protestant work consists primarily of an excellent but adequate wages, combined racism and ethic in sex since Lewis and Brisset’s simple treatment of homosexuality. In sexism, rape and battering, and use of classic article “Sex as Work.” The book the main text the discussion of people women as sexual objects. is light-not in weight, but in tone. Sex who do not marry has had inserted a While these testimonies are deeply is treated as a form of play that can be simple statement that “some are moving, my own preference as an “up- made more enjoyable. There is no ad- homosexual, or gay, sexually attracted tight” researcher would be for a com- vocacy of love or sacrament. to their own rather than the opposite bination of personal testimony with Unfortunately, the claim on the jacket sex.” A reference number leads to one presentation of national data concern- that Sex Self Taught will “end sex- of the fourteen questions and answers ing the prevalence and trends regard- ual fears, guilt, frustrations, uncertain- at the back of the book, in which two ing many of these issues. The critical ties forever” is overstated. Those who paragraphs of a simple discussion dif- nature of these problems requires a have these problems will probably find ferentiates between fixed homosexual- rational, informed planning as well as the experience of laughing at them-

SIECUS Report, March 1978 13 selves most uncomfortable and resisti- were intended to be clever and add a tional act of intercourse as “the” most ble. The clinician who recommends note of humor, but too often they satisfying, the book does not take into this book takes a risk that the patient present false stereotypes, which may account the diverseness of people or won’t read it-and won’t come back. have been done on purpose, but they the richness of sexual expression- Yet the clinician can read it, critically of do stick in the mind and therefore can especially if this traditional image is course, but still read it, and with savor. leave the reader, especially a young impossible to achieve, as it may be in A, PR one, with a false impression. Some some forms of handicapping. teenagers to whom I showed the pic- My other qualm in this area is the tures found them stupid and gross. implication that “normal” sexual be- But I find that the same presupposi- havior is heterosexual. As we become tions creep into the text as well, and in- more and more aware of the struggles The Sex Scene: Understanding Sexual- stead of achieving a sense of authentic of the gay people among us, why do ity. Anne R. Race, Jo Frances Leecraft, openness and honesty, they become most books dealing with human sexual- and Takey Crist. Hagerstown, Md.: more than subtle suggestions of what the ity in a general way keep putting them Harper and Row, inc., 1975 (177 pp.; reader “ought” to think. Because of down or basically ignoring their needs? $3.95 paper). some of the slantedness of the writing, While heterosexual behavior may be it would be difficult for a young reader the mode of expression of the majority Reviewed by Foster Q. Doan, Chair- to make up his/her mind. of the people most of the time, we man, Dept. of Religion, Westtown For instance, the authors discuss must continue to be aware that School, Westtown, Pa.; member, heterosexual intercourse (page 35): homosexual behavior is another form S/ECUS Advisory Panel. “Sexual expression between man and of sexual behavior and it is as such that The purpose of this book is quite woman is the most satisfying form of it should be discussed in a book such clearly stated in the Preface: “To give sexual expression for most adult as this. an understanding of the underlying fac- human beings. . It consists of a Then there are a variety of errors- tors of the human sexual experience sexual act in which a man with his penis the confusion of promiscuity and pros- and to give solid, practical information penetrates a woman’s body through titution (page 36); is the “preferred” which young people can use. We dis- her vagina.” This seems to be setting method of homosexual expression cuss the effects of emotional and phys- up more of a standard or norm than is oral-genital (page 37); and since when ical development, sexual expression necessary. By focusing on the tradi- can only women be raped (page 162)? and response, conception and con- r And, what is “deviate sexual conduct” traception, abortion, venereal disease, (page 164)? sexual problems, relationships, and so- FROM THE SIECUS CATALOG The chapter on venereal disease, ciety’s limitations.” ***************** while containing a wealth of good in- The authors really make an attempt A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF formation, suddenly changes from the to live up to these clearly defined goals. RESOURCES IN SEX simple language the book has been Many of the chapters in this book, EDUCATION FOR THE using to a fairly heavy dose of medical especially the ones on sexual develop- MENTALLY RETARDED terminology, which simply is beyond ment, sexual response, pregnancy, This bibliography includes resources for the realm of understanding of the parents and professionals as well as birth control, and abortion, are basi- materials for use with mentally retarded young or even older teenager. A prime cally well done and very readable. The individuals themselves. example is the following (pages 105-6) level of writing seems to be aimed at a ISBN/order 479-l $3.50 on gonorrhea: “The characteristic dis- fairly young, unsophisticated audience, charge is made up of tissue fluid and and for the most part the issues are FILM RESOURCES FOR SEX leukocytes, produced by the action of presented in a clear and unemotional EDUCATION-1976 an endotoxin that the gonococcus re- way. One real plus is that the three An annotated guide to the most recent leases as soon as it penetrates the films and other audio-visual materials authors, two of whom are female, take for use in sex education programs in epithelium of the genital tract.” pains to avoid some of the sexist lan- both schools and commurlity settings. Chapter 11, on legal questions relat- guage that is often the curse of such a Each listing includes the recommended ing to matters of sexuality, is just too audience level, description of content, book. name and address of the distributor, brief. It raises many more issues than it On a more careful second reading of and sale and rental prices. The films, can deal with in such a short space. In cassettes, and transparencies the book, I became uneasy and aware filmstrips, its brevity it is confusing and listed in this guide have been reviewed that there were certain presuppositions either by the SIECUS Editorial Staff or frightening-but not helpful. at work and that the openness and by members of the SIECUS Board of The final chapter, “What Does it All Directors. The reviews from which Mean,” has potential for a good discus- honesty were more imagined than real. these annotations are taken originally This feeling first struck decisively when appeared in the SIECUS Newsletter sion of the deeper implications of many I looked at the cartoon illustration for and the S/ECUS Report. This is an of the issues with which the authors are important reference tool for libraries, the subsection entitled “Sexuality En- students, and teachers. dealing, but, again, it is so brief that it dures” (page 11). This shows the ISBN/order 476-2 $4.95 does little more than touch on some stereotype of a “dirty old man” in a Order from: surface issues. A good chapter here wheelchair in a hospital chasing a with a full discussion could have been young nurse. As I looked more closely the saving grace. at the illustrations I began to find them The glossary is not sufficiently full, more of a hindrance than a help. They not even including all of the more

14 SIECUS Report, IMarch 1978 technical terms that are used in the text years wasted with your (Western) ten this, I see that I have already told itself! And while there are suggestions ejaculatory pleasure.” This alone is of you my response to this book, and for further reading at the end of several importance to any counselor dealing what remains is to give some specifics chapters, a really comprehensive with clients who draw their sexual val- about content and let you take it from “Further Reading” list would have been ues from the Taoist tradition, as well as there. And I hope that you will. very helpful. to those counseling older males whose Friday has written a book which is If only this book had lived up to its ejaculatory frequency may decline for both intensely personal and yet speaks purpose, it could have been a very physiological reasons without loss of to and for a majority of women in this useful addition to the books for young pleasure. The same superstitions-re- country-and probably many coun- teenagers. The authors are obviously garding, for instance, the “weakening tries. She reveals and shares much of knowledgeable about their fields and effect” of nocturnal emission, or even her own life and experiences and grow- they have a depth of experience which emission in general-occur in both ing to this point in her life, as well as ought to allow them to produce a first- Chinese and European folklore, but her struggles, blocks, and growth dur- rate book. Such books continue to be throughout the Oriental world they ing the writing of the book. She weaves needed desperately, but this one can- were transmuted into the idea of this personal odyssey into what was not be recommended for its intended semen as “spiritual capital,” which the originally to be the basic format for her audience. male should hoard, while extracting book-interviews and quotes, from nourishment from the female. over 200 women as well as from many Chinese popular tradition contains professional men and women in the much general edification, but few helping field. Friday is a sexual woman, clear echoes of the fully developed and in her experience we women re- The Tao of love and Sex: The Ancient Tantric Yoga of India in which sexuality press and deny our sexuality, our Chinese Way to Ecstasy. Jolan Chang. is used to trigger dissociation, recreate growthfulness, our selves because our New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 1977 (136 preindividuative vision, and achieve mothers did so and taught us to do it, pp., $5.95). subjective bisexuality in both partners. and because our culture rewards this For Dr. Chang, as for most of us, it is “choice’‘-for example, I can either be Reviewed by Alex Comfort, D.Sc., au- sufficient that the two partners identify a good mother/daughter or a sexual thor and lecturer, Institute for Higher with, or exemplify, the Yin-Yang polar- woman; or I can be either a good wife Studies, Santa Barbara, Calif. ity at a less esoteric level. The book and daughter or a whole person in my This book presents the popular- contains illustrations of Chinese erotic own right. Our tnothers socialize us to religious assessment of sexuality con- art from various collections, and exten- be what they are or wanted to be- tained in the tradition of Taoism. Its sive quotations from traditional wives, mothers, loving daughters. material reflects the sexual techniques Chinese medicine, sexology, and litera- Some few of us may also get permis- and attitudes drawn from the Su Nu ture. As a revaluation of nonejaculatory sion to be creative, to be active and Ching, Su Nu Fang, and Yu Fang Pi orgasm it should be not only interest- productive outside the home, but very Chu, long popular sources of sexual ing cross-culturally, but helpful to few to be healthy sexual women what- information which have survived those who, by reason of surgery, anti- ever else we may choose to become. periodic bouts of nationalistic hypertensive or antipsychotic medica- We hold onto an unhealthy and restric- moralism and, through the work of Van tion, diabetes, or other causes, find tive symbiosis with our mothers, Gulik, are to some extent familiar to their orgasm becoming nonejaculatory perhaps until we die; we at once reject Western sexologists. The phrase and are anxious over loss of function. and introject our mother’s values and “popular-religious” refers to the fact For these it should be reassuring that in behavior, we stay angry and guilty and that what is represented here is the use other cultures men have gone and still unclear with ourselves, out of fear that of techniques such as nonejaculation, go to considerable trouble to achieve we are bad daughters and bad wotnen breathing rhythms, and counted thrust- that very result. A, PR (and bad children), and our mothers ing patterns for enhancement of ordi- will reject us, or not survive them- nary sexuality against a background of selves, if we break the symbiosis, Taoist philosophy and Chinese In the first few pages Friday says, “I medicine. It is not the quite-different have always lied to my mother. And she mystical object-the production of My Mother/My Self. Nancy Friday. New to me. Her denial of what she could not oceanic, dissociative experience-for York: Delacorte Press, 1977 (425 pp.; tell me that her mother could not which both Taoists and Tantric yogis $9.95). tell her distorts our relationship originally developed them. still. We are raised to believe that Reviewed by Linda S. Hodes, M.S. W. The originally magical retention of mother love is different from other In private practice of psychotherapy, semen is here transmuted into the kinds of love. It is not open to error, Downer’s Grove, Illinois. more rational idea of noncompulsion to doubt, nor to the ambivalence of ordi- ejaculate: the book is particularly in- I love this book. I hope it becomes a nary affections. The same woman teresting in being the personal experi- bestseller. Yet I am finding it difficult to who may be willing to put her body ence of a Chinese who “emits only start writing this review. I am feeling between her child and a runaway truck once every hundred copulations” excited and involved, wanting to agree will often resent the day-to-day sac- (while his partner enjoys ample oppor- and disagree and praise and argue and rifice the child unknowingly demands tunity for multiple orgasms), and who in general say many more things than of her time, sexuality and self de- prefers the technique to “twelve long time and space allow here. Having writ- velopment. Saying one thing about

SIECUS Report, March 1978 15 sex and motherhood, feeling contrary “good girls,” and they do compete book were shorter (it is over 400 pages) emotions about both at the same time, with mother as they grow up, and must so that perhaps more women would mother presents an enigmatic picture integrate this without fear of losing or read it through, I would not like to be to her daughter. . . Our problem is injuring her. the editor who did the cutting, for Fri- that because we try to live out all parts This is frequently an autobiographi- day is a polished and, for me, excit- of the split message she sent us, our cal work, and Friday’s bias is that she ing writer. In addition, her theoretical behavior and lives . . represent a grew up without a father or brother. background is broad and sound, and jangled compromise.” My own bias is that, though I am a she provides an interesting biblio- As we grow up we then extend our daughter with sisters, my children and graphy as well as a useful list of the symbiotic needs and behavior to grandchildren are all male! While this professional authorities whom she others, particularly to the men we love, book is clearly about mothers and consults and quotes, along with some and look for the “perfect” love we daughters, I found myself annoyed at of their credentials. She covers wanted from mother. In the hope of the author’s repeated insistence on the mother/daughter relationships very love we keep ourselves passive and uniqueness of this relationship with its completely, following a little girl from dependent nurturers, always at the ex- implied discounting of mother/son, birth through childhood growth stages pense of our own sexual, productive, father/daughter, and father/son influ- and on to loss of virginity, being a womanly selves. This is an interesting ences. Perhaps what I really want to see single woman, marriage, and finally and, I think, useful departure from is three more books like this one on the motherhood. standard psychological theory, which three relationships. This is a book about mothers and holds that women relate to men primar- Another point on which I disagree is daughters and it is therefore, from first ily in the ways in which we learned to Friday’s view of intimacy between to last, a book about sexuality. Like relate to our fathers rather than our man/woman lovers as “good” symbio- Friday, I wrestled with my own mothers. Another interesting point is tic. If human symbiosis is a parent/child motherness and daughterness as I read made by Friday early on: girls don’t get kind of dependency, unhealthy in her book and wrote this review, and the approval from mother for individu- adults, then intimacy is something also perhaps, like her, I have written at ation, achievement, and separation else-a kind of inner-self/inner-self re- too great length. Still, I’m left feeling that boys do. Boys build up a “bank lating which feels as good as the that I have not done this book justice account” of strokes from mother to use infant/mother symbiosis, while lacking and that there is much more I would for building up self-esteem as they go the controlling and parenting elements like to say, much of it about my own out into the world, and are rewarded of symbiosis. True intimacy is healthy personal journey to sexual wom- rather than threatened for separating and growthful, while symbiosis is often anhood. I found a deep balm, a joy in from their mother. In fact, they do not growth-stopping. seeing myself put down there on pa- have to compete with mother in order I found the book too long-l kept per. “That’s me, or part of me. I’m real to become men! Women get fewer wanting to get to the next part. Friday and OK and I’m here and she knows strokes for outside achievement than makes the same points in too many me.” Nancy Friday, I think your book is they do for staying home and being different ways. Yet, though I wish the terrific! LT, A, P, PI7

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