CHARGING TECHNOLOGIES, STANDARDS, FUTURE TRENDS Görkem ÖZVURAL R&D Program Manager Charging Technologies Charging Technologies
Charging Technologies
Conductive Inductive Charging Charging
IEC 61851-1/23/24 IEC 61980-1/2/3 AC DC IEC 62196-1/2/3
Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4
Control Control Control
Communication Communication Communication IEC Charging Plugs and Sockets
Europe US & Japan
AC Charging
DC Charging
Source: insideevs.com Protocols and Standards Charging Ecosystem Protocols and Standards
CPO : Charge Point Operator MSP : Mobility Service Provider DNO : Distribution Network Operator Clearing OCPP : Open Charge Point Protocol OICP OCHP : Open Clearing House Protocol OICP House OCHP OCPI : Open Charge Point Interface OCHP OICP : Open Inter Charge Protocol OSCP : Open Smart Charging Protocol OCPI MSP OpenADR : Open Active Demand Response OCPP IEC 63110 CPO OSCP IEC 61851 OSCP IEC ISO 15118 DIN 70121 OSCP OpenADR Aggregator DNO CHAdeMO OpenADR
IEC 61850-7-420 IEC 61850-90-8 Source: Open Charge Alliance Recent Studies and Developments
CCS 1.0 Bidirectional Power CCS 2.0 Transfer CCS 3.0 Wireless Charging Extensions
Security OCPP 1.6 CHAdeMO 0.9 OCPP 2.0 Plug & Charge CHAdeMO 1.2
IEC 63110 CHAdeMO 2.0 New Coupler Smart Charging CHAdeMO 3.0 Target: 600A @ 1.5kV
Plug & Charge CCS High Level Communication – IEC ISO 15118
Source: v2g-clarity.com/knowledgebase/what-is-iso-15118 DC CCS Power Classes
Power Class Power Range Voltage Range Minimum Current Current Range Communication
DC5 ≥ 5kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 10A @500V DIN 70121
DC10 ≥ 10kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 20A @500V DIN 70121
DC20 ≥ 20kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 40A @500V DIN 70121
FC50 ≥ 50kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 100A @500V DIN 70121 5A @ 500V ≥ 300A @500V DIN 70121 HPC150 ≥ 150kW 200V 920V 5A @ 920V ≥ 163A @920V ISO 15118 5A @ 500V ≥ 500A @500V DIN 70121 HPC250 ≥ 250kW 200V 920V 5A @ 920V ≥ 271A @920V ISO 15118 5A @ 500V ≥ 500A @500V DIN 70121 HPC350 ≥ 350kW 200V 920V 5A @ 920V ≥ 380A @920V ISO 15118
Source: CharIN DC CCS Power Classes Vestel DC HPC Concept
Utilization Utilization Utilization 100 % 100 % 100 % Utilization Utilization 50 % 75%
180 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 180 kW 180 kW 270 kW 270 kW CCS vs CHAdeMO / ChaoJi
vs
Will ChaoJi become widespread in Europe and US?
Source: CHAdeMO DC Charging Technology: Evolution Strategy and New Challenges 2019 EU + EFTA + Turkey Top 10 BEV Models
Total Fleet (BEV) New Registrations (BEV)
Renault Zoe 13% Tesla Model 3 18% 19% Nissan Leaf 22% Renault Zoe 3% Tesla Model S BMW i3 3% 3% BMW i3 Nissan Leaf 4% 3% VW e-Golf VW e-Golf
4% Tesla Model 3 5% Hyundai Kona 17% Tesla Model X Audi e-Tron 4% 15% Smart Fortwo ED 7% Jaguar i-Pace 6% Kia Soul EV Kia Nero EV Hyundai Ioniq Electric Hyundai Ioniq Electric 8% 8% 9% Other 10% Other 9% 10% ≥ 29% CCS ≥ 62% CCS ~30% CHAdeMO ~10% CHAdeMO
Source: European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO)
Recent Market Needs and Trends Dynamic Charging Power Optimization
M L H
M L H
M L H Local Load Balancing – Equally Shared
Master Slave-1 Slave-2 Slave N
M M M M L H L H L H L H Local Load Balancing – First Come First Served
Master Slave-1 Slave-2 Slave N
M M M M L H L H L HH L H Possible Improvements - Phase Balancing Household Energy Management
Uses solar power for everyday city driving Provides backup electricity in the event of an outage Uses generated electricity without waste by using batteries Provides electrical self sufficiency Recent studies: Fast charging on V2X systems
Source: Figures are taken from Nichicon Tribrid Energy Storage System and CHAdeMO: the enabler of EV bi-directional charging (V2X) documents. Future Trends Connectivity and Manageability Is the Key!
Local Authorities oblige connectivity and manageability options by giving incentives. Even simple local connectivity to grid Aggregators or Operators for load management can save the grid. Connected chargepoints are seemed to be the enabler for smart grid applications.
OCPP IEC 63110 CPO
IEC 61851 IEC ISO 15118 DIN 70121 OpenADR Aggregator DNO CHAdeMO
IEC 61850-7-420 IEC 61850-90-8 Autonomy and MaaS
Wireless and OnRoad Robotic Conductive Charging Systems Charging Systems Source: KPMG UK Mobility 2030 Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X)
Advantages Provides backup electricity in the event of an outage Uses generated electricity without waste thanks to storage Provides electrical self sufficiency Supports grid as a distributed energy sources Reduces investment costs for energy supply
Challenges Current EV BMS systems are not optimized for V2X Battery degradation: EV batteries are expensive solution but second hand sale may be convincing for owners Reduction of hardware cost needed for bidirectional power transfer equipments Lack of standardization, regulations and policies for V2X
Source: Figure from Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) Energy Services, Value Streams, and Regulatory Policy Implications Second Life EV Batteries
Advantages High Safety level Technical performance Affordable : ½ the price of a new battery
Source: Figures taken from Energy Local Storage Advanced System (ELSA) Battery Technology and Charging
What will be the next big thing in xEV battery industry? How will this effect Charging Technology?
Source: Graphs taken from Arthur D. Little analysis Vestel Solutions for EV Charging Ecosystem Vestel EV Charging Stations Target Roadmap
EVC02 Wallbox AC Wallbox AC Post 22 kW 22 kW 2 x 22 kW
2019-Q4 2020-Q1 2020-Q2 2020-Q3 2020-Q4
DC Ultra-rapid DC HPC 180 kW 360 kW Vestel Charge Point Management System
Future Proof All-in-one Mobility Solution
Payment System Mobility and Integration e-Roaming
Chargepoint Operation
Load Management and Demand Aggregation Thank You Questions?