CHARGING TECHNOLOGIES, STANDARDS, FUTURE TRENDS Görkem ÖZVURAL R&D Program Manager Charging Technologies Charging Technologies

Charging Technologies

Conductive Inductive Charging Charging

IEC 61851-1/23/24 IEC 61980-1/2/3 AC DC IEC 62196-1/2/3

Mode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3 Mode 4

Control Control Control

Communication Communication Communication IEC Charging Plugs and Sockets

Europe US & Japan

AC Charging

DC Charging

Source: insideevs.com Protocols and Standards Charging Ecosystem Protocols and Standards

CPO : Charge Point Operator MSP : Mobility Service Provider DNO : Distribution Network Operator Clearing OCPP : Open Charge Point Protocol OICP OCHP : Open Clearing House Protocol OICP House OCHP OCPI : Open Charge Point Interface OCHP OICP : Open Inter Charge Protocol OSCP : Open Smart Charging Protocol OCPI MSP OpenADR : Open Active Demand Response OCPP IEC 63110 CPO OSCP IEC 61851 OSCP IEC ISO 15118 DIN 70121 OSCP OpenADR Aggregator DNO CHAdeMO OpenADR

IEC 61850-7-420 IEC 61850-90-8 Source: Open Charge Alliance Recent Studies and Developments

CCS 1.0 Bidirectional Power CCS 2.0 Transfer CCS 3.0 Wireless Charging Extensions

Security OCPP 1.6 CHAdeMO 0.9 OCPP 2.0 Plug & Charge CHAdeMO 1.2

IEC 63110 CHAdeMO 2.0 New Coupler Smart Charging CHAdeMO 3.0 Target: 600A @ 1.5kV

Plug & Charge CCS High Level Communication – IEC ISO 15118

Source: v2g-clarity.com/knowledgebase/what-is-iso-15118 DC CCS Power Classes

Power Class Power Range Voltage Range Minimum Current Current Range Communication

DC5 ≥ 5kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 10A @500V DIN 70121

DC10 ≥ 10kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 20A @500V DIN 70121

DC20 ≥ 20kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 40A @500V DIN 70121

FC50 ≥ 50kW 200V 500V 1A @ 500V ≥ 100A @500V DIN 70121 5A @ 500V ≥ 300A @500V DIN 70121 HPC150 ≥ 150kW 200V 920V 5A @ 920V ≥ 163A @920V ISO 15118 5A @ 500V ≥ 500A @500V DIN 70121 HPC250 ≥ 250kW 200V 920V 5A @ 920V ≥ 271A @920V ISO 15118 5A @ 500V ≥ 500A @500V DIN 70121 HPC350 ≥ 350kW 200V 920V 5A @ 920V ≥ 380A @920V ISO 15118

Source: CharIN DC CCS Power Classes Vestel DC HPC Concept

Utilization Utilization Utilization 100 % 100 % 100 % Utilization Utilization 50 % 75%

180 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 360 kW 180 kW 180 kW 270 kW 270 kW CCS vs CHAdeMO / ChaoJi

vs

Will ChaoJi become widespread in Europe and US?

Source: CHAdeMO DC Charging Technology: Evolution Strategy and New Challenges 2019 EU + EFTA + Turkey Top 10 BEV Models

Total Fleet (BEV) New Registrations (BEV)

Renault Zoe 13% Tesla Model 3 18% 19% Nissan Leaf 22% Renault Zoe 3% Tesla Model S BMW i3 3% 3% BMW i3 Nissan Leaf 4% 3% VW e-Golf VW e-Golf

4% Tesla Model 3 5% Hyundai Kona 17% Tesla Model X Audi e-Tron 4% 15% Smart Fortwo ED 7% Jaguar i-Pace 6% Kia Soul EV Kia Nero EV Hyundai Ioniq Electric Hyundai Ioniq Electric 8% 8% 9% Other 10% Other 9% 10% ≥ 29% CCS ≥ 62% CCS ~30% CHAdeMO ~10% CHAdeMO

Source: European Alternative Fuels Observatory (EAFO)

Recent Market Needs and Trends Dynamic Charging Power Optimization

M L H

M L H

M L H Local Load Balancing – Equally Shared

Master Slave-1 Slave-2 Slave N

M M M M L H L H L H L H Local Load Balancing – First Come First Served

Master Slave-1 Slave-2 Slave N

M M M M L H L H L HH L H Possible Improvements - Phase Balancing Household Energy Management

 Uses solar power for everyday city driving  Provides backup electricity in the event of an outage  Uses generated electricity without waste by using batteries  Provides electrical self sufficiency  Recent studies: Fast charging on V2X systems

Source: Figures are taken from Nichicon Tribrid Energy Storage System and CHAdeMO: the enabler of EV bi-directional charging (V2X) documents. Future Trends Connectivity and Manageability Is the Key!

 Local Authorities oblige connectivity and manageability options by giving incentives.  Even simple local connectivity to grid Aggregators or Operators for load management can save the grid.  Connected chargepoints are seemed to be the enabler for smart grid applications.

OCPP IEC 63110 CPO

IEC 61851 IEC ISO 15118 DIN 70121 OpenADR Aggregator DNO CHAdeMO

IEC 61850-7-420 IEC 61850-90-8 Autonomy and MaaS

Wireless and OnRoad Robotic Conductive Charging Systems Charging Systems Source: KPMG UK Mobility 2030 Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X)

Advantages  Provides backup electricity in the event of an outage  Uses generated electricity without waste thanks to storage  Provides electrical self sufficiency  Supports grid as a distributed energy sources  Reduces investment costs for energy supply

Challenges  Current EV BMS systems are not optimized for V2X  Battery degradation: EV batteries are expensive solution but second hand sale may be convincing for owners  Reduction of hardware cost needed for bidirectional power transfer equipments  Lack of standardization, regulations and policies for V2X

Source: Figure from Vehicle-to-Anything (V2X) Energy Services, Value Streams, and Regulatory Policy Implications Second Life EV Batteries

Advantages  High Safety level  Technical performance  Affordable : ½ the price of a new battery

Source: Figures taken from Energy Local Storage Advanced System (ELSA) Battery Technology and Charging

What will be the next big thing in xEV battery industry? How will this effect Charging Technology?

Source: Graphs taken from Arthur D. Little analysis Vestel Solutions for EV Charging Ecosystem Vestel EV Charging Stations Target Roadmap

EVC02 Wallbox AC Wallbox AC Post 22 kW 22 kW 2 x 22 kW

2019-Q4 2020-Q1 2020-Q2 2020-Q3 2020-Q4

DC Ultra-rapid DC HPC 180 kW 360 kW Vestel Charge Point Management System

Future Proof All-in-one Mobility Solution

Payment System Mobility and Integration e-Roaming

Chargepoint Operation

Load Management and Demand Aggregation Thank You Questions?