Early American Theatre from the Revolution to Thomas Jefferson: Into the Hands of the People Heather S

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82508-5 - Early American Theatre from the Revolution to Thomas Jefferson: Into the Hands of the People Heather S . Nathans Index More information

Index

abolition (see also Democratic-Republican Haymarket Theatre founders with party): 93, 94, 95 political affiliations) Adams, Abigail: 152 New York: 179 (Table 3: names of Park Adams, John: 11, 42, 105, 109, 151, 165 Theatre founders with political, social, Adams, Samuel: 39, 48, 50, 56, 57, 59 and financial affiliations) adaptations (or alterations) of plays: 10–11, Philadelphia: 77, 101, 176 (Table 3: names of 85–87 Chestnut Street Theatre founders with “Affair of the Ferrymen” (New York): political, social, and financial affiliations) 158–159 anti-theatrical activity: 6, 12, 34, 47, 50 African-Americans (Philadelphia) (see also pre-Revolutionary (see Presbyterians; abolition): 94–95, 98 Puritan; Quaker) Alien and Sedition Acts: 121, 150, 153, 157, 158 during Revolution: 36, 37, 38–39, 40, 48 All in a Bustle (Milns): 148 post-war Boston: 56 (see also Hancock, John; Allen, Richard: 94 Adams, Samuel; Puritan) “America, Commerce, Freedom” (song): 81 post-war New York (see also State American Academy of Arts and Sciences: 56 Constitutionalists): 43, 126 American Company (see Hallam-Douglass post-war Philadelphia: (see also Quaker): 55 Company; Old American Company) Argus (Boston): 60 American Revolution artisans (see also mechanics): 9, 11, 29, 91, 93 American theatrical entertainments: 37 Astor, John Jacob: 169 British theatrical entertainments: 38–39, 43 Asylum (Land) Company: 84, 154 Amory, John: 59 Aurora (also known as the General Advertiser): Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company: 8, 74, 99, 101–102 (attacks on Theatre and 107, 174 (Table 2: names of Haymarket Federalists), 102–103, 152 Theatre founders with political and social Austin, Benjamin: 59 affiliations) Avowals of a Republican (White): 166 Anderson, Alexander and John (diaries): 136, 145 Bache, Benjamin Franklin: 74, 81, 99, 152 Andre´ (Dunlap): 159–160 (controversy), 161 Bache, Sarah: 68 (letter about the Chestnut Anglican: 15, 16, 17, 32, 40 Street Theatre) Anti-Constitutionalist (see also Federalist): 49 Bank of New York (The): 35, 127, 128, 129 Anti-Federalist (see also (theater member affiliation), 130–133 Democratic-Republican): 54 (founding and history), 130 (resistance to Boston: 173 (Table 1: names of Federal Street Bank), 132 (“scriptomania”), 133, 135, 140, Theatre founders with political 141, 142 (connection to land speculation), affiliations), 174 (Table 2: names of 143 (financial difficulties), 150, 161, 179

239

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82508-5 - Early American Theatre from the Revolution to Thomas Jefferson: Into the Hands of the People Heather S . Nathans Index More information

240 INDEX

Bank of New York (cont.) British Board of Trade: 22–23 (Table 3: names of Park Theatre founders Browne, Robert: 131 with political, social, and financial Bulfinch, Charles: 67, 68, 114, 120 affiliations) Bunker-Hill, or, The Death of General Warren Bank of North America: 3, 7, 51, 54, 55, 69, 84, (Burk): 95, 108, 114, 115, 164 130, 131, 154, 176 (Table 3: names of Burk, John Daly: 9, 95, 106 (Polar Star), 114, Chestnut Street Theatre founders with 115, 116 political, social, and financial affiliations) Busybody, The (Centlivre): 86, 87 debate over Bank: 51, 52, 53, 84 supporters of Bank: 52, 53 “Ça Ira”: 79, 80, 81, 151 Bank of Pennsylvania: 154, 176 (Table 3: names Carey, Mathew: 53, 87 of Chestnut Street Theatre founders with Carmelite, The (Cumberland): 87 political, social, and financial affiliations) Castle of Andalusia, The (O’Keeffe): 76 Bank of the United States: 78, 84, 131, 154 Catherine and Petruchio (Garrick): 103 banking practices (see also Bank of New York Cato (Addison): 37 (The); Bank of North America; Chapel Street Theatre (New York): 25, 32, 33 Massachusetts Bank; Union Bank): 52, Chapter of Accidents, The (Lee): 74 62, 78 Chestnut Street Theatre (Philadelphia): 10–11, banks and stock companies (see also Bank of 69, 70, 85, 92, 142, 150, 151, 167 New York (The); Bank of North description: 68, 72–73 America; Massachusetts Bank; Union financial difficulties: 163 Bank): 2–7, 52 founders: 47, 62, 64, 71, 84, 89, 91, 101, 170, Baptists: 15 176 (Table 3: names of founders with Barbarossa (Brown): 87 political, social, and financial affiliations) Barrell, Joseph: 114 incidents in playhouse: 81, 84–85 (class Bayard, William: 128, 142 (land speculation), conflict over seating), 103, 152 (“Hail 169 Columbia”), 153 (“Hail Columbia”) Beau Metamorphasized, The (Murdock): City Hall (New York): 139 92, 93 Clarkson, Matthew: 30, 31 Belle’s Stratagem, The (Cowley): 87, 112 Clergyman’s Daughter, The (White): 165 Bingham, Anne Willing: 17, 64, 78, 93, 100 Clinton, DeWitt: 128, 169 Bingham, William: 17, 64, 78, 93, 100 Clinton, George: 124–125, 130, 131 (opposition Bishop, Abraham: 60 to Bank of New York), 142–143 (Clinton Black River Tract (land speculation): 142, 179 versus Federalists) (Table 3: names of Park Theatre founders Cobbett, William (“Peter Porcupine”): with political, social, and financial 152, 165 affiliations) Codman, John, Jr.: 59 Blake, Joseph: 62 Colden, Henrietta Maria: 131 Board Alley Theatre: 63 (description), 65–66 College of Philadelphia: 41, 51, 55 (season), 66 (riot in), 73 Colonial period Boston Tontine Association (also Tontine or attitudes towards theater: 6, 13–14 Tontiner): 2–3, 7, 58–59, 60 (petition for Massachusetts: 13, 19, 22–24, 25, 26 repeal of anti-theatrical legislation), New York: 13, 26, 30, 31, 34 60–61 (connection to theater), 83, 107, Pennsylvania: 13, 14–16, 18, 19 109, 114 (connection to theater), 131, 150, entertainments 155, 173 (Table 1: names of founders of Massachusetts: 21, 22, 24 Federal Street Theatre with political and New York: 28, 29, 30, 31 financial affiliations) Pennsylvania: 15, 16–18 Box Lobby Challenge, The (Cumberland): 87 Committee of Correspondence (New York): 44 Breck, Samuel: 2, 55 Committee of Resistance (Pennsylvania): 40

INDEX 241

Committee of Safety (New York): 44 elite (post-Revolutionary): 48, 50, 62, 65, 77, 91, (persecution of loyalists) 170, 171 Continental Congress: 6, 35, 36, 37, 38 Boston (see also Boston Tontine ban on theatrical entertainments: 6, 36, 37, Association): 57, 58, 67, 72, 84, 121, 149, 155, 38, 44 164, 166 Contrast, The (Tyler): 8, 45, 85, 95, 98, 127, 171 New York: 70, 91, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 149, Cosby, William: 29–30, 32 164 Coxe, Tench: 94 Philadelphia: 50–51, 52, 54, 55, 64, 67, 70, 84, Cruger family: 31, 124, 169 94, 100–101, 104, 121, 149, 154, 155, 166 John Cruger, Jr.: 32 Essex junto, or, Quixotic guardian, The Nicholas Cruger: 128 (Nichols): 165 Cruger’s Wharf: 31 Cushing, William: 80 Fair Penitent, The (Rowe): 74 Federal Constitution (ratification debates) Dancing Assembly (Philadelphia): 16–17, 41, New York: 127, 129–130 51, 140, 176 (Table 3: names of Chestnut Philadelphia: 51, 53–54 Street Theatre founders with political, “Federal Overture” (Carr): 81 social, and financial affiliations) Federal Street Theatre (Boston): 10, 70, 88, Davis, Caleb: 59, 62 106, 115, 150, 157, 167 (ordinance regulating Dawes, Thomas: 59 theater) DeLancey family: 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 43, 124 description: 67–68, 71–72, 107–108 James DeLancey: 29–30, 32, 44 financial difficulties: 119–120, 121, 161 “DeLanceyites”: 32 fire: 120, 156–157 “DeLancey’s Cowboys”: 44 founders (see also Boston Tontine “democracy of glee”: 7–8, 9, 11, 150, 151, 160, Association): 47, 71, 73, 82, 89, 91, 107, 108, 163, 171 109, 114, 170, 173 (Table 1: names of Democratic-Republican founders with political and financial party: 94, 95 (anti-slavery), 97, 98 (anti- affiliations) slavery), 100, 101, 104, 110 (Boston), 114 incidents in playhouse: 79–81, 84–85 (Boston), 133 (New York), 136 (New rivalry with Haymarket Theatre: 106, 107, York), 138, 158 (conflict in New York 108, 110, 113–114 theater), 159 (connection to New York Federalist (connection to theatrical Tammany Society) entertainments) Society: 3, 79 conflict in playhouse: 77–78, 151, 152, 167 Douglas (Home): 116 national party: 3, 49, 50, 77, 84, 150, 153 Douglass, David: 15, 16, 17, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34 Boston: 155, 173 (Table 1: names of Federal Dramatic Association (Philadelphia): 2, 47, Street Theatre founders with political 54–55, 63–64, 68, 154 affiliations), 174 (Table 2: names of Duer, William: 7, 124, 131–132 (bank stock Haymarket Theatre founders with scandal) political affiliations) Dunlap, William: 1 (“Father of American New York: 133, 158, 179 (Table 4: names of Drama”): 10, 11, 17, 46, 73, 128, 129, 139, Park Theatre founders with political, 146 (dispute with Park Theatre social, and financial affiliations) proprietors), 147 (vision for American Philadelphia: 51, 52, 104, 176 (Table 3: names theater), 147 (career), 150, 159–160 (Andre´ of Chestnut Street Theatre founders with controversy), 165 political, social, and financial affiliations) Dwight, Thomas: 112, 113, 114, 120, 156, 161 Fellowes, Nathaniel: 62 Finlay, William: 48, 50, 52, 53 Edwin and Angelina, or The Banditti (Smith): Fish, Nathaniel: 128 160 Fitzsimmons, Thomas: 52, 64

242 INDEX

Flucker, Sarah: 14 Hicks, Elias: 128 Foundling, The: 87 Higginson, Stephen: 59, 62, 107, 155 Fox, Gilbert: 151, 152 Hill, Henry: 64 Franklin, Samuel: 131 Hodgkinson, John: 10, 11, 46, 88, 120–121, 127, French Revolution (connection to theater): 77, 129, 139, 141, 145, 157, 158 78, 136 Hoffman, Josiah Ogden: 124, 128, 135, 142 (land Furman, Gabriel: 159 (“Affair of the speculation) Ferrymen”) Hopkinson, Joseph: 151

Gamester, The (Moore): 86, 117 Irishman in London, or The Happy African Gardiner, John: 61, 62, 66, 67, 77 (Macready): 74 George Barnwell (Lillo): 18 Irving, Washington (“Jonathan Oldstyle”): 167 German Lutherans: 15 Geyer, Frederick W.: 62 Jackson, Henry: 47 Gouverneur, Isaac: 128, 139 Jacobin (pro- and anti-French sentiments): 79, Great Awakening: 23, 59 80, 81, 101, 106, 108, 112, 136, 151, 152, 153, Greene, David: 62 158 Greenwich Street Theatre (see also Ricketts’s Jane Shore (Rowe): 86, 93 Circus): 144 Jarvis, Dr. Charles: 61, 62, 107, 155 Gustavus Vasa (Brooke): 8, 76, 77, 87, 163, 164 Jay, John: 101, 124 Jay Treaty: 78 “Hail Columbia” (Hopkinson): 151, 152, 153 Jefferson, Thomas: 4, 26, 105, 135 Haliburton, William: 61 election: 4, 150, 163 Hallam, Lewis: 7, 30, 31, 45, 46, 48, 51, 62, 63, Jeffersonian party: 150, 151, 164 81, 126, 139, 141, 144 Jeffersonian “sentiment” and the theater: 164 Hallam Company (see also Hallam-Douglass Jefferson and liberty; or, a Celebration of the Company; Old American Company): 30, fourth of March (Nichols): 165 31 John Street Theatre: 7–8, 10, 18, 33, 45, 46, 47, Hallam-Douglass Company (see also Old 81 (riot), 127, 136, 138–139, 144, 145, 150 American Company): 15, 17, 18–19, 30, 48 Jones, Absalom: 94 Hamilton, Abby: 68 Jones, Samuel: 124 Hamilton, Alexander: 78, 124–126 (defense of former loyalists), 131 (defense of Bank of Kemble, Robert S.: 128 New York), 132, 153, 165 Kettletas, Gerret: 128 Hamlet (Shakespeare): 87 King, Rufus: 128 Hancock, John: 24, 25–26, 42, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61, King John (Shakespeare): 158 (controversy) 66, 167 King’s College (Columbia University): 32 Harper, Joseph: 65–67 Knox, General Henry: 55–56 Hatton, Ann Julia: 137, 144 Knox, Lucy: 79 Haymarket Theatre (Boston): 89, 106, 110, 111, Kotzebue, Augustus von: 161, 164 115, 157, 167 description: 111–112 Laight, William: 148 financial difficulties: 119–120, 121, 163 Lailson’s Circus: 105, 154 founders (see also mechanics): 9, 107, 174 land bank system: 21, 130 (Table 2: names of founders with land speculation (see also Asylum (Land) occupations, political, and social Company; Black River Tract; North affiliations) American Land Company; Pennsylvania rivalry with Federal Street Theatre: 106, 107, Population Company; Territorial 108, 110, 113–114, 156 Company; Yazoo Land Company): 84, Henderson, William: 129, 139, 141, 146, 150, 169 104 (Philadelphia), 114 (Boston), 142–143 Henry, John: 46, 56, 63 (New York), 142

INDEX 243

Lansing, John: 124 Mifflin family: 17 “The Launch” (song): 157 Morris, Lewis: 29–30 Leisler, Captain Jacob (uprising): 27 Morris, Richard: 124 Lispensard, Thomas: 128 Morris, Robert: 52, 64, 67, 77, 78, 100, 132, 150, Livingston family: 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 44, 124, 154–155 (bankruptcy) 133, 169 Morton, Jacob: 129, 141 Brockholst Livingston: 124, 128, 132 Morton, Perez: 68, 73, 107, 155 Edward Livingston: 129, 143 (financial Mount Reagle Fishing Company: 16 difficulties) Mountaineers, The (Colman): 112 Robert Livingston: 130 Mourning Bride, The (Congreve): 74 William Livingston: 32 Murdock, John (see also mechanics): 9, 10, 85, Logan, James: 15 92, 115, 161 Love in a Village (Bickerstaff ): 18, 19 Murray, Judith Sargent: 10, 74, 85, 161, 170 Low family: 124 Murray-Kean Company: 16, 22, 30 Nicholas Low: 128, 139, 142 (land speculation), 169 Nassau Street Theatre (New York): 30 Ludlow, Julian: 128 “Native Genius”: 10, 92, 93, 94, 100, 115, 119 Lying Valet, The (Garrick): 76 (aesthetic versus commercial genius), 123, Lynch, Dominick: 128, 169 160, 165, 166 Natural Son, The (Cumberland): 87 Madison, James: 135 New York class tensions and the theater Marshall, Christopher (diary): 49 (post-Revolutionary): 124, 125, 158–159 Massachusetts Bank: 56–57, 58, 61 (“Affair of the Ferrymen”) Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics New York Tontine (see also Tontine Coffee Association (see also mechanics): 107, 108, House): 127, 129 (theater affiliation) 174 (Table 2: names of Haymarket Nicholson, John: 154 Theatre founders with political and social North American Land Company: 84, 154, 176 affiliations) (Table 3: names of Chestnut Street Massachusetts Historical Society: 56 Theatre founders with political, social, Massachusetts Humane Society: 56 and financial affiliations) Massachusetts Magazine: 58 Massachusetts Society for Promoting Old American Company (see also Agriculture: 56 Hallam-Douglass Company): 45, 46, 48, Massachusetts State Constitution: 42 62, 68, 73, 81 Mather, Increase: 20, 22 Orlando, or Parental Persecution (White): Maxwell, William: 131 117–119 (debut and critical reception), 117 McCormick, Daniel: 131, 169 (satire on play), 166 McDougall, Alexander: 35, 36, 131 Orphan, The (Otway): 22, 24 McVickar, John: 169 Otis, Harrison Gray: 109 mechanics: 9, 91, 99 (creation of charitable organizations), 171 Padlock, The (Bickerstaff ): 45, 74 Boston: 9, 92, 106 (artisan Federalism), 107, Paine, Robert Treat: 82, 88, 108, 166 108–109 (constitution of Mechanics Paine, Thomas: 53 Association), 109 (Boston Mechanics paper currency: 23 Association), 110 (financial assets), 114, 121 Park Theatre: 10, 127–128 (origins), 137 (financial growth) (subscriptions), 138 (urban development New York: 91, 112, 133 (conflict between plan), 139, 141–143 (building delays), mechanics and merchants), 133 150, 167 Philadelphia (see also John Murdock): 9, 54, description: 148 (opening night) 92, 95, 100–101, 104, 106 disputes among proprietors and managers: Messinger, Daniel: 107, 109 145, 146

244 INDEX

Park Theatre (cont.) Republican Court: 101 financial difficulties: 142, 143, 146, 148, 158, Republicans (conflict with theater): 105, 107 161, 163 (Boston), 151 (“Hail Columbia”), 155 founders: 10, 45, 133, 149, 170, 179 (Table 3: (Boston) names of founders with political, social, “Revolutionary Center”: 42, 50, 65, 67, 164 and financial affiliations) Ricketts, John: 102–103 incidents in playhouse (see also Andre´): 161 Ricketts’s Circus: 89, 102 (as “democratic Penn, William: 14 entertainment”), 103–104 (effort to please Pennsylvania Gazette: 18 audience), 105 (rivalry with Chestnut Pennsylvania Population Company (see also Street Theatre), 144 (New York City), 154 land speculation): 84, 154, 176 (Table 3: (Philadelphia) names of Chestnut Street Theatre Rights of the Drama: 61 founders with political, social, and riots in the theater financial affiliations) pre-Revolutionary (see also Sons of Liberty): Pennsylvania State Constitution (see also State 25, 33 Constitutionalists (Pennsylvania)): 40 post-Revolutionary: 9, 66, 79–81, 84–85 Phillips, William: 59 (class conflict over seating), 103, 152 (“Hail Placide family: 66 Columbia”), 153 (“Hail Columbia”), 161 Plumstead family: 17 Rivals, The (Sheridan): 45 Plumstead’s Warehouse (Philadelphia): 17 Robinson Crusoe: 103 Polar Star (see also Burk, John Daly): 106 Roosevelt, Isaac: 124, 131 Politician, or A State of Things, The (Murdock): Rosina (Brooke): 86 93 Rowe, John: 24–25, 38 Powell, Charles: 73, 89, 106, 108, 110, 111, Rowson, Susanna: 10, 81, 82, 85, 92, 161 114, 167 Rush, Benjamin: 94 Powell, Snelling: 73, 167 Russell, Benjamin: 71, 107, 109–110, 111 Presbyterians Russell, Joseph, Jr.: 59, 65 New York: 14, 32 Pennsylvania: 15, 18, 19, 40, 54, 55 Sailor’s Landlady, The (Rowson): 81 Prime, Nathaniel: 128, 142 (land speculation) Saint-Mer´ y, Moreau de: 72 Provok’d Husband, The (Cibber): 87 Sands, Comfort: 124, 129, 131, 142 (land Puritan speculation), 150 opposition to the theater: 14, 19, 20 Sans souci, alias, Free and easy, or An evening’s religion (see also Mather, Increase): 20 peep into a polite circle: 57 School for Scandal, The (Sheridan): 45, 76, 86 Quaker School for Wives, The (Kelly): 76 anti-slavery: 98 Schuyler family: 28 decline in power in pre-Revolutionary Scots-Irish: 19, 40 (actions against Anglicans period: 15, 16–17 and Quakers), 52 pre-Revolutionary opposition to the theater: Scott, John Morin: 32 14–16, 18, 19 Scriba, George: 128, 142 (land speculation) treatment during Revolution: 40 Searle, John: 169 post-Revolutionary opposition to the Sedgewick, Theodore: 58 theater: 7, 48, 49, 55 Seton, William: 131 post-Revolutionary treatment: 51, 54, 55 Sewall, Samuel: 62 Shaw, John C.: 169 Randall, Thomas: 131 Shays’s Rebellion: 56 Recruiting Officer, The (Farquhar): 28 She Stoops to Conquer (Goldsmith): 45, 87 Reinagle, Alexander (see also Chestnut Street Shippen family: 17 Theatre): 64, 68, 69, 73, 88, 95, 105, 145, Slaves in Algiers (Rowson): 82–83 153, 163 Smilie, John: 52, 53

INDEX 245

Smith, Elihu Hubbard: 146, 160–161 (career as Triumphs of Love, or Happy Reconciliation, The playwright) (Murdock): 93, 95–100 (class issues), 97 Smith, William: 32 (Irish immigration), 98 (anti-slavery) Society Hill (Theatre): 15, 17 Tudor, William: 59, 61, 62, 67, 89, 107, Society of the Cincinnati: 98, 135 150, 155 Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Tuke, Miss (later Mrs. Lewis Hallam): 46 the Indians: 56 Twin Rivals, The (Farquhar): 25 Sollee, John: 145 Tyler, Colonel John S.: 150 Sons of Liberty: 25, 33, 35, 36, 93, 110, 115, 125, Tyler, Royall: 7–8, 10, 85, 92, 95, 98, 127, 171 131, 135 Southwark Theatre (Philadelphia): 17–18 Union Bank: 62, 73, 107, 109, 131, 156 (financial (description), 48, 62, 63, 69, 85 difficulties), 173 (Table 1: names of specie: 21, 23 Federal Street Theatre founders with Stamp Act: 18, 25, 32, 33, 34 political and financial affiliations) State Constitutionalists (Pennsylvania): 19, 40, 42, 51 Van Dam, Rip: 28, 29–30, 32 opposition to theater: 19, 39, 40, 47, 49, 51, Van Rensselaer family: 27, 28 55, 68–69 Stephen Van Rensselaer: 27, 128, 135 Stewart, General Walter: 64 Vanderbilt, John: 131 Storer, Ebenezer: 59 Vandervoort, Peter: 124 Strickland, William (diary): 138 Varick, Richard: 124 Stoughton, Thomas B.: 131 Venice Preserv’d (Otway): 76, 117 Sugar Act: 18, 25, 32 Verplanck family: 28 Sumner, Increase: 80 Gulian Verplanck: 128, 139 Swanwick, John: 64 virtue anti-theatricalism and virtue: 6, 14, 39, 42, Tammany, or The Indian Chief (Hatton): 44, 48, 51 (anti-British), 57, 58, 84, 170 136 theater as a school of Republican virtue: 5, 9, Tammany Society (see also 44, 45, 48, 60–61, 71, 74, 76, 100, 117, 147, Democratic-Republican party): 3, 92, 135 151, 171 (connection to New York Mechanics), 135 (origins), 135 (financial ventures), 136 Waddington, Joshua: 126, 128, 131, 141, 169 (attack on Federalist junto), 138, 144, 159 Wansey, Henry (diary) (on New York elite) Tea Assembly (Boston, see also Sans souci): 57 Warren, Mercy Otis: 10, 42, 57, 74 Ten Eyck, Phillip: 129 Warren, William: 167 Territorial Company: 84, 176 (Table 3: names Washington, George: 26, 38, 101, 159, 160 of Chestnut Street Theatre founders with birthday: 103, 110, 113, 135, 163 political, social, and financial affiliations) death: 11, 163 (theatrical commemoration) Test Acts (Pennsylvania, see also Quaker; State love of theater: 37, 74 Constitutionalists (Pennsylvania)): 40, 55 President’s house: 69 (controversy) Tontine (see Boston Tontine Association) Watson, James: 128, 142 (land speculation), 143 Tontine Coffee House (New York Tontine): (financial difficulties), 169 128, 130, 133, 135, 138, 141, 179 (Table 3: Watts, John: 114, 142 (land speculation), 169 names of Park Theatre founders with Wayne, General Anthony: 39 political, social, and financial affiliations) Wedgery, William: 62 Tontine Crescent (Boston): 3, 67, 107, 114 Wendell, Oliver: 59, 62 “Tontine Gentry”: 7, 9, 60, 111 West Indian, The (Cumberland): 87 Townshend Act: 18, 24, 25–26, 32 Whiskey Rebellion: 95 T ’other Side of the Gutter (Wignell): White, Ann: 139 (land for Park Theatre), 102–103 140–141 (biography) Trinity Church (New York): 139 White, Thomas: 140 (husband of Ann White)

246 INDEX

White, William Charles: 9, 10, 85, 114, 115–119 Wilson, James: 53 (career as “Garrick of America”), 117–119 Wood, William B.: 155, 167 (Orlando), 161, 165–166 (later career as playwright) XYZ Affair: 150, 151 Whitehill, Robert: 52 pro- and anti-French sentiment (see also Wignell, Thomas (see also Chestnut Street Jacobin): 152, 153, 157 Theatre): 11, 46, 64, 68, 69, 73, 86, 88, 95, 102–103, 105, 127, 145, 153, 163, 167 Yazoo Land Company: 142, 143 (impact on Wild Oats: 74 theater investors), 179 (Table 3: names of Wilkes, Charles: 128 Park Theatre founders with political, Williamson, John B.: 106, 120 social, and ﬁnancial afﬁliations) Willing family: 17 yellow fever: 29, 70, 88, 94–95, 98, 142, 153, Thomas Willing: 52, 64 157, 161