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STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018 STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018 Published by The Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum Suite 4, Number 1 Raleigh Street P. O. Box 9077, Harare, Zimbabwe Tel: +263 (242) 772860 Email: [email protected] Website: www.hrforumzim.org This publication maybe reproduced for non-commercial use in any form provided due credit is given to the publishers, and the work is presented without any distortion. ISBN: 978-1-77929-562-0 EAN: 9781779295620 ABOUT THE FORUM The Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (the Forum) is a coalition of 22 human rights organisations working towards the realisation of a society that respects all human rights in Zimbabwe. Members of the Forum Ÿ Amnesty International - Zimbabwe (AI - Z) Ÿ Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace – Zimbabwe (CCJP - Z) Ÿ Civic Education Network (CIVNET) Ÿ Counselling Services Unit (CSU) Ÿ Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ) Ÿ Justice for Children (JC) Ÿ Legal Resources Foundation (LRF) Ÿ Media Institute of Southern Africa (MISA) Ÿ Media Monitors (MM) Ÿ Non-Visible Action and Strategies for Social Change (NOVASC) Ÿ Research and Advocacy Unit (RAU) Ÿ Students Solidarity Trust (SST) Ÿ Transparency International-Zimbabwe (TI - Z) Ÿ VERITAS Ÿ Women of Zimbabwe Arise (WOZA) Ÿ Zimbabwe Association for Crime Prevention and Rehabilitation of the Offender (ZACRO) Ÿ Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights (ZADHR) Ÿ Zimbabwe Civic Education Trust (ZIMCET) Ÿ Zimbabwe Human Rights Association (ZIMRIGHTS) Ÿ Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR) Ÿ Zimbabwe Peace Project (ZPP) Ÿ Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association (ZWLA) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Forum acknowledges the assistance it received from its friends and partners in compiling this report. Members of the Forum and other organisations not part of the Forum participated in the provision of data for this report. Several individuals gave testimonies regarding their personal experiences during 2018, as well as information about what they witnessed with regards human rights conditions in the country. These accounts are captured throughout the report. The Forum is indebted to those individuals. The Forum applauds the Secretariat for effectively managing and facilitating the compilation and production of this report. This work would not have been possible without the essential support from our development partners who invest in human rights for the dignity of humanity. i STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE FORUM ....................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................... i ACRONYMS ...................................................................................... vi REMEMBERING THE VICTIMS ......................................................... vii FOREWORD ..................................................................................... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................... ix PART 1: LAYING THE FOUNDATION: INTRODUCTION, BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ...................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN ZIMBABWE ................................................ 2 About the report .................................................................... 2 Methodology ......................................................................... 2 Human Rights in Zimbabwe – 38 years on ............................. 2 PART 2: THEMATIC ASSESSMENT OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS SITUATION IN ZIMBABWE .............................................................. 4 CHAPTER 2 ELECTORAL DEMOCRACY IN ACTION: THE 2018 HARMONISED ELECTIONS .............................................................. 5 Free, Fair and Credible Elections ............................................ 6 Electoral Reforms ................................................................... 6 Credibility and Independence of the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) ................................................................. 7 Voter Education and Registration ........................................... 8 Media Coverage .................................................................... 8 Disenfranchisement ............................................................... 8 Specific Violations .................................................................. 8 Food Aid ................................................................................ 9 Involvement of Traditional Leaders ......................................... 9 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 9 Election Violence ................................................................... 10 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 3 GOVERNANCE .............................................................. 14 Legal Reform ......................................................................... 14 Public Trust of Public Institutions and Freedom To Voice Opinions ............................................................................... 14 Devolution ............................................................................ 15 ii STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Use of Presidential Powers ..................................................... 15 Institutional Reform and Legal Compliance ............................ 15 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 16 CHAPTER 4 THE ECONOMY: IS ZIMBABWE OPEN FOR BUSINESS? ........................................................................................ 17 Macroeconomic Performance ................................................ 17 Unemployment ..................................................................... 19 Impact of Economy on Human Rights .................................... 20 Corruption and Corruption-Fighting ....................................... 20 CHAPTER 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC RIGHTS: LIVING IN DIGNITY ..... 21 Water and Sanitation ............................................................. 21 Access to Electricity ................................................................ 22 Health ................................................................................... 22 Specific Cases 23 Labour Rights 23 Education 24 Humanitarian and Food Assistance 24 Housing, Land and Evictions 24 Specific Cases 24 CHAPTER 6 CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS: THE FREEDOM TO WALK, TALK AND ACT ..................................................................... 25 Arrests and Detention ............................................................ 25 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 26 Independence of the NPA ...................................................... 27 Problematic Laws ................................................................... 27 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 28 Human Rights Defenders and Civil Society Space .................. 29 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 29 Abductions and Disappearances ............................................ 29 Extra-Judicial Killings .............................................................. 30 Torture ................................................................................... 30 Freedom of Movement .......................................................... 30 Identity and Citizenship ......................................................... 30 State of Prisons ...................................................................... 31 Freedom of Assembly and Association .................................... 31 iii STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ZIMBABWE 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Right to Protest ...................................................................... 31 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 32 CHAPTER 7 CHILDREN’S RIGHTS: SECURING THE FUTURE ......... 34 Children in Conflict with the Law ........................................... 34 Child Marriages ..................................................................... 34 Birth Registration ................................................................... 34 Education .............................................................................. 35 Children with Special Needs .................................................. 35 Socio-economic Protection .................................................... 35 Corporal Punishment ............................................................. 36 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 36 CHAPTER 8 WOMEN’S RIGHTS ....................................................... 38 Participation in Elections ........................................................ 38 Representation in Government .............................................. 39 Protection from Gender-Based and Domestic Violence .......... 40 Child Marriages ..................................................................... 40 Specific Cases ........................................................................ 41 CHAPTER 9 SEXUAL MINORITIES: LGBTQIA RIGHTS ..................... 42 The LGBTQIA and the Constitution ....................................... 42 Harassment and Discrimination ............................................
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