RESEARCH ARTICLE The Yin and the Yang of Prediction: An fMRI Study of Semantic Predictive Processing Kirsten Weber1,2,3*, Ellen F. Lau1,2,4, Benjamin Stillerman1,2, Gina R. Kuperberg1,2 1 Department of Psychiatry and the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology and Center for Cognitive Science, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America, 3 Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, 4 University of Maryland, Department of Linguistics, College Park, Maryland, United States of America *
[email protected] Abstract Probabilistic prediction plays a crucial role in language comprehension. When predictions are fulfilled, the resulting facilitation allows for fast, efficient processing of ambiguous, rap- idly-unfolding input; when predictions are not fulfilled, the resulting error signal allows us to adapt to broader statistical changes in this input. We used functional Magnetic Resonance OPEN ACCESS Imaging to examine the neuroanatomical networks engaged in semantic predictive process- Citation: Weber K, Lau EF, Stillerman B, Kuperberg ing and adaptation. We used a relatedness proportion semantic priming paradigm, in which GR (2016) The Yin and the Yang of Prediction: An we manipulated the probability of predictions while holding local semantic context constant. fMRI Study of Semantic Predictive Processing. PLoS ONE 11(3): e0148637. doi:10.1371/journal. Under conditions of higher (versus lower) predictive validity, we replicate previous observa- pone.0148637 tions of reduced activity to semantically predictable words in the left anterior superior/middle consistent Editor: Lutz Jaencke, University Zurich, temporal cortex, reflecting facilitated processing of targets that are with prior SWITZERLAND semantic predictions.