Dipterocarpus Turbinatus (Gurjan Tree)

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Dipterocarpus turbinatus (Gurjan tree) Scientific Classification Kingdom: Plantae Order: Malvales Family: Dipterocarpaceae Genus: Dipterocarpus C.F.Gaertn. www.travelwithneelima.com Plant profile Gurjan is a lofty tree, about 35 m tall. Bark is gray or dark brown, shallowly longitudinally fissured and flaky. Branch lets are hairless. Leaf buds are sickle-shaped. Buds and young twigs densely gray velvety. Stipules are 2-6 cm long, densely, shortly dark grayish or dark yellow velvety. Leaf stalks are 2-3 cm, densely gray velvety or hairless. Leaf blade is ovate- oblong, 20-30 cm long, 8-13 cm wide, leathery, smooth or sparsely velvety. Lateral veins are 15-20 pairs conspicuously raised on the underside. Base is rounded or somewhat heart- shaped. Margin is entire or sometimes wavy. Tip is pointed or long-pointged. Flowers are borne in racemes in leaf axils, 3-6-flowered. Sepals are 2 linear, 3 shorter. Stamens are about 30 - anthers linear-lance shaped connective appendages threadlike. Ovary is densely velvety. Style is silvery gray velvety on lower half. Nut is ovoid or narrowly ovoid, densely velvety. Flowering: March-April. Economic Value The Gurjan trees belong to the botanical family of Dipterocarpus which has about 70 different species. Out of these species the Dipterocarpus Turbinatus (which is Gurjan), is an important source of commercial timber. Amongst other uses, the trees also yield an Oil (called Gurjan ka Tel) which is also commercially marketed. A very large number of these Gurjan trees are found on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands near India. Located on the northern tip of the Andaman Island is the Chatham saw mill that is well known for being one of the oldest and biggest saw mills in Asia that gets the good quality local timber available such as the premium Pad auk wood, Gurjan, Satin and Marble wood and works on it, and exports it other parts of the world. So chances are that even if you happen to buy Gurjan plywood in India, it may have had its origins on the beautiful island of Andaman and may have passed through the saw mill over there. .

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SCIENCE ADVANCES | RESEARCH ARTICLE ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Copyright © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved; The mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota reveals exclusive licensee American Association an outstandingly rich rainforest biome in East Asia for the Advancement Bo Wang1*, Gongle Shi1*, Chunpeng Xu1,2, Robert A. Spicer3,4, Vincent Perrichot5, of Science. No claim to 6 6 7† 1,5 8 original U.S. Government Alexander R. Schmidt , Kathrin Feldberg , Jochen Heinrichs , Cédric Chény , Hong Pang , Works. Distributed 9 10 1 11 12 Xingyue Liu , Taiping Gao , Zixi Wang , Adam Ślipiński , Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer , under a Creative 13 13 14 1,15 1,16 Sam W. Heads , M. Jared Thomas , Eva-Maria Sadowski , Jacek Szwedo , Dany Azar , Commons Attribution André Nel17, Ye Liu18, Jun Chen19, Qi Zhang20, Qingqing Zhang1, Cihang Luo1,2, Tingting Yu1,2, NonCommercial Daran Zheng1,21, Haichun Zhang1, Michael S. Engel22,23,24 License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). During the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum [MMCO, ~14 to 17 million years (Ma) ago], global temperatures were similar to predicted temperatures for the coming century. Limited megathermal paleoclimatic and fossil data are known from this period, despite its potential as an analog for future climate conditions. Here, we report a rich middle Miocene rainforest biome, the Zhangpu biota (~14.7 Ma ago), based on material preserved in amber and associated sedimentary rocks from southeastern China. The record shows that the mid-Miocene rainforest reached at least 24.2°N and was more widespread than previously estimated. Our results not only highlight the role of tropical rainforests acting as evolutionary museums for biodiversity at the generic level but also suggest that the MMCO probably strongly shaped the East Asian biota via the northern expansion of the megathermal rainforest biome.
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